Author: "Matthew A. Reilly" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

148 results on '"Matthew A. Reilly"'

101. Perspectives on the neuroscience of alcohol from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

Author: Matthew T, Reilly, Antonio, Noronha, and Kenneth, Warren
Subjects: Alcoholism, Neurosciences, Animals, Brain, Humans, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U.S.), United States
Abstract: Mounting evidence over the last 40 years clearly indicates that alcoholism (alcohol dependence) is a disorder of the brain. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) has taken significant steps to advance research into the neuroscience of alcohol. The Division of Neuroscience and Behavior (DNB) was formed within NIAAA in 2002 to oversee, fund, and direct all research areas that examine the effects of alcohol on the brain, the genetic underpinnings of alcohol dependence, the neuroadaptations resulting from excessive alcohol consumption, advanced behavioral models of the various stages of the addiction cycle, and preclinical medications development. This research portfolio has produced important discoveries in the etiology, treatment, and prevention of alcohol abuse and dependence. Several of these salient discoveries are highlighted and future areas of neuroscience research on alcohol are presented.
Published: 2014

102. Acute neuroactive steroid withdrawal in withdrawal seizure-prone and withdrawal seizure-resistant mice

Author: John C. Crabbe, Deborah A. Finn, Nathan R. Rustay, and Matthew T. Reilly
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neuroactive steroid, Clinical Biochemistry, Epipregnanolone, Hypothermia, Pregnanolone, Breeding, Pharmacology, Toxicology, Biochemistry, Mice, Behavioral Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Seizures, Detoxification, Internal medicine, Convulsion, medicine, Animals, Biological Psychiatry, GABAA receptor, business.industry, Kindling, Allopregnanolone, Receptors, GABA-A, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Endocrinology, chemistry, Steroid Hydroxylases, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Allopregnanolone (3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one) is an endogenously derived metabolite of progesterone, and a potent positive modulator of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) receptors. A withdrawal syndrome, characterized by central nervous system (CNS) hyperexcitability, has been demonstrated following abrupt discontinuation of high progesterone levels in rats, which was due in part to altered levels of allopregnanolone. The purpose of the present study was to determine if a single administration of pregnanolone or allopregnanolone could produce an acute withdrawal response in mice selected for susceptibility (Withdrawal Seizure-Prone, WSP) or resistance (Withdrawal Seizure-Resistant, WSR) to ethanol withdrawal convulsions. WSP mice administered 75 mg/kg pregnanolone showed a significant increase in handling-induced convulsion (HIC) scores over a 25-h testing period. In contrast, HIC scores in WSR mice were negligible after acute administration of 25, 50, 75, or 100 mg/kg pregnanolone. WSP mice also showed a similar increase in HIC after withdrawal from 75 mg/kg allopregnanolone. This effect was evident at both the 10-h and 25-h overall withdrawal severity assessment. These results demonstrate that neuroactive steroids can elicit an acute withdrawal response similar to that of other positive modulators of GABA(A) receptors in WSP mice, supporting the notion that a common set of genes underlie acute and chronic withdrawal severity from multiple agents with depressant effects on the central nervous system.
Published: 2000
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103. GABAA receptor β2 subunit mRNA content is differentially regulated in ethanol-dependent DBA/2J and C57BL/6J mice

Author: Matthew T Reilly and Kari J. Buck
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Protein subunit, Physical dependence, Biology, Mice, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ribonucleases, Species Specificity, Reference Values, Cerebellum, Internal medicine, Gene expression, medicine, Animals, Protein Isoforms, RNA, Messenger, Receptor, Cerebral Cortex, Messenger RNA, Ethanol, GABAA receptor, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Cell Biology, Receptors, GABA-A, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Alcoholism, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, chemistry, Biochemistry, Mice, Inbred DBA, Cerebral cortex, medicine.symptom
Abstract: Chronic ethanol treatment is known to alter gene expression and function of gamma-aminobutyric acid type-A (GABA(A)) receptors. Here we focus on the beta(2) subunit which is widely expressed in the mammalian brain, and plays a key role in the GABA binding site. Previous studies using rodent models of ethanol dependence show either increased or no change of beta(2) subunit mRNA and peptide content following chronic ethanol administration. In humans, polymorphism at the beta(2) subunit is associated with ethanol dependence in some, but not all, populations. In the present study we measured mRNA content in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex using ethanol-naive and ethanol-dependent DBA/2J and C57BL/6J mice. The DBA/2J strain displays severe ethanol withdrawal severity, while the C57BL/6J strain shows milder withdrawal reactions. RNase protection analysis demonstrated that the DBA/2J strain is more sensitive to ethanol-induced increases in beta(2) subunit mRNA content in the cerebellum, showing significant increases at lower blood ethanol concentrations than C57BL/6J mice. The ethanol-induced regulation in C57BL/6J mice appears to be more complex, with decreases in beta(2) subunit mRNA content at low blood ethanol concentrations, and increases at higher concentrations. These data suggest that differences between C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice in the degree of physical dependence (withdrawal) on ethanol may be related to differential sensitivity to ethanol regulation of beta(2) subunit expression.
Published: 2000
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104. Anatomical manifestations of primary blast ocular trauma observed in a postmortem porcine model

Author: William Eric Sponsel, Kimberly Thoe, Walt Gray, Sylvia L. Groth, Matthew Aaron Reilly, Richard Watson, Daniel Sherwood, Brian J. Lund, and Randolph D. Glickman
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, genetic structures, Swine, Ultrasound biomicroscopy, Microscopy, Acoustic, Video Recording, Autopsy, Wounds, Nonpenetrating, Blast injury, chemistry.chemical_compound, Eye Injuries, Anterior Eye Segment, Blast Injuries, medicine, Photography, Animals, Retina, Trauma Severity Indices, business.industry, Retinal, medicine.disease, eye diseases, Scleral Diseases, Disease Models, Animal, Peripheral neuropathy, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Optic nerve, Histopathology, sense organs, business
Abstract: Purpose We qualitatively describe the anatomic features of primary blast ocular injury observed using a postmortem porcine eye model. Porcine eyes were exposed to various levels of blast energy to determine the optimal conditions for future testing. Methods We studied 53 enucleated porcine eyes: 13 controls and 40 exposed to a range of primary blast energy levels. Eyes were preassessed with B-scan and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) ultrasonography, photographed, mounted in gelatin within acrylic orbits, and monitored with high-speed videography during blast-tube impulse exposure. Postimpact photography, ultrasonography, and histopathology were performed, and ocular damage was assessed. Results Evidence for primary blast injury was obtained. While some of the same damage was observed in the control eyes, the incidence and severity of this damage in exposed eyes increased with impulse and peak pressure, suggesting that primary blast exacerbated these injuries. Common findings included angle recession, internal scleral delamination, cyclodialysis, peripheral chorioretinal detachments, and radial peripapillary retinal detachments. No full-thickness openings of the eyewall were observed in any of the eyes tested. Scleral damage demonstrated the strongest associative tendency for increasing likelihood of injury with increased overpressure. Conclusions These data provide evidence that primary blast alone (in the absence of particle impact) can produce clinically relevant ocular damage in a postmortem model. The blast parameters derived from this study are being used currently in an in vivo model. We also propose a new Cumulative Injury Score indicating the clinical relevance of observed injuries.
Published: 2014

105. Perspectives on the neuroscience of alcohol from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

Author: Kenneth R. Warren, Antonio Noronha, and Matthew T. Reilly
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Research areas, Addiction, media_common.quotation_subject, Alcohol dependence, Alcohol abuse, Alcohol, medicine.disease, Excessive alcohol consumption, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, medicine, Neuroscience research, Psychiatry, Psychology, Neuroscience, media_common, Clinical psychology
Abstract: Mounting evidence over the last 40 years clearly indicates that alcoholism (alcohol dependence) is a disorder of the brain. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) has taken significant steps to advance research into the neuroscience of alcohol. The Division of Neuroscience and Behavior (DNB) was formed within NIAAA in 2002 to oversee, fund, and direct all research areas that examine the effects of alcohol on the brain, the genetic underpinnings of alcohol dependence, the neuroadaptations resulting from excessive alcohol consumption, advanced behavioral models of the various stages of the addiction cycle, and preclinical medications development. This research portfolio has produced important discoveries in the etiology, treatment, and prevention of alcohol abuse and dependence. Several of these salient discoveries are highlighted and future areas of neuroscience research on alcohol are presented.
Published: 2014
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106. Whole Eye Model for Estimating Accommodation-Induced Strains in the Trabecular Meshwork

Author: Robert Peyton Wilkes and Matthew Aaron Reilly
Subjects: Aqueous outflow, Materials science, genetic structures, business.industry, Anatomy, eye diseases, Stress (mechanics), medicine.anatomical_structure, Ciliary muscle, medicine, Biophysics, sense organs, Trabecular meshwork, business, Accommodation
Abstract: Recent work has shown that cyclic stresses from accommodation may induce changes in resistance to aqueous outflow through the trabecular meshwork. We developed a finite element model of the whole globe to examine changes in stress due to radial forces produced by the ciliary muscle. The mean equivalent stresses in the trabecular meshwork decreased significantly during accommodation.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Published: 2013
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107. Is Presbyopia Caused by Lens Growth-Induced Residual Stresses?

Author: Matthew Aaron Reilly
Subjects: Materials science, genetic structures, business.industry, education, Presbyopia, musculoskeletal system, medicine.disease, Optics, medicine.anatomical_structure, Residual stress, Lens (anatomy), medicine, business, Accommodation
Abstract: Prevailing wisdom holds that increasing lens stiffness causes presbyopia. Treatments for presbyopia have therefore focused on altering the mechanical properties of the ocular lens. The present work shows an age-related decline in accommodation amplitude may be predicted without invoking changes in lens stiffness.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Published: 2013
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108. Manifestations of Primary Blast-Induced Ocular Trauma

Author: Kimberly Thoe, Walt Gray, Richard Watson, Brian J. Lund, William Eric Sponsel, Randolph D. Glickman, Matthew Aaron Reilly, and Daniel Sherwood
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Battlefield, business.industry, Emergency medicine, medicine, Ocular trauma, business, Surgery
Abstract: Prevalence of ocular trauma in battlefield injury has increased significantly in recent years. The majority of such injuries are due to improvised explosive devices. While impact-induced injuries are relatively well characterized, little is known regarding the effects of primary blast. We exposed porcine eyes to a simulated blast using a shock tube to correlate the blast overpressure with various trauma manifestations.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Published: 2013
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109. Two-magnon scattering and the spin-phonon interaction beyond the adiabatic approximation

Author: Alberto G. Rojo and Matthew J. Reilly
Subjects: Physics, Spin states, Condensed matter physics, Heisenberg model, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, Magnon, Condensed Matter (cond-mat), FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Condensed Matter, Coupling (probability), Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Quasiparticle, Antiferromagnetism, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Spin-½
Abstract: We consider a model of Raman scattering for a two--dimensional $S=1/2$ Heisenberg Anti-Ferromagnet which includes a {\it dynamical} spin--phonon interaction. We observe a broadening of the line shape due to increased coupling with excited high--energy spin states. Our results are close to a model of random static exchange interactions, first introduced in this context by Haas {\it et al.} [J. Appl. Phys. {\bf 75}, 6340, (1994)], which, when extended to large numbers of spins, explains experiments in the parent insulating compounds of high-$T_c$ superconductors., 14 pages (revtex format), 8 postscript figures
Published: 1996
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110. Using genetically engineered animal models in the postgenomic era to understand gene function in alcoholism

Author: Matthew T, Reilly, R Adron, Harris, and Antonio, Noronha
Subjects: genetic engineering, genetic technology, gene sequencing, gene knockout technology, phenotype, gene functions, genetic basis of alcoholism, epigenome, Articles, animal studies, Animals, Genetically Modified, neuroscience, Alcoholism, Disease Models, Animal, gene function, Gene Expression Regulation, Animals, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, genetic, transcriptome, genome, Biomarkers, knockout mice
Abstract: Over the last 50 years, researchers have made substantial progress in identifying genetic variations that underlie the complex phenotype of alcoholism. Not much is known, however, about how this genetic variation translates into altered biological function. Genetic animal models recapitulating specific characteristics of the human condition have helped elucidate gene function and the genetic basis of disease. In particular, major advances have come from the ability to manipulate genes through a variety of genetic technologies that provide an unprecedented capacity to determine gene function in the living organism and in alcohol-related behaviors. Even newer genetic-engineering technologies have given researchers the ability to control when and where a specific gene or mutation is activated or deleted, allowing investigators to narrow the role of the gene’s function to circumscribed neural pathways and across development. These technologies are important for all areas of neuroscience, and several public and private initiatives are making a new generation of genetic-engineering tools available to the scientific community at large. Finally, high-throughput “next-generation sequencing” technologies are set to rapidly increase knowledge of the genome, epigenome, and transcriptome, which, combined with genetically engineered mouse mutants, will enhance insight into biological function. All of these resources will provide deeper insight into the genetic basis of alcoholism.
Published: 2012

111. Hydrogels for intraocular lenses and other ophthalmic prostheses

Author: Nathan Ravi, Matthew Aaron Reilly, and Katelyn E Swindle-Reilly
Subjects: Materials science, genetic structures, Vitreous Humors, Regeneration (biology), Tissue adhesives, medicine.medical_treatment, Intraocular lens, eye diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Intraocular lenses, Cornea, Lens (anatomy), Self-healing hydrogels, medicine, sense organs, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: The eye is unique among all organs in that it has large volumes which are completely avascular. These avascular tissues are inherently isolated from the normal immune response of the body. This ‘immunological privilege’ makes the eye an excellent candidate for permanent prostheses using hydrogels which mimic the eye’s natural soft, transparent hydrogel materials. Both the lens and vitreous humors are natural hydrogels. They transmit light from the environment to the retina, necessitating transparency. However, their mechanical function requires some elasticity. Understanding the optical and mechanical interplay in these tissues will allow successful permanent prostheses using biomimetic hydrogels. The eye is also a focal point for the investigation of hydrogel-based tissue adhesives. Since many eye surgeries require the surgeon to cut holes in the cornea, a transparent method for sealing the hole will allow continued visual function during rehabilitation. Selecting a suitable adhesive may also allow a more rapid regeneration of surrounding cells and less chance of long-term effects from the surgical procedure.
Published: 2011
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112. Quantitative biometric phenotype analysis in mouse lenses

Author: Matthew A, Reilly and Usha P, Andley
Subjects: Mice, Knockout, Aging, Heterozygote, Biometry, Genotype, Homozygote, Technical Brief, Mice, Transgenic, Organ Size, Arginine, alpha-Crystallin A Chain, eye diseases, Cataract, Mice, Phenotype, Solubility, Lens, Crystalline, Mutation, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Animals, sense organs, Cysteine, Eye Abnormalities
Abstract: The disrupted morphology of lenses in mouse models for cataracts precludes accurate in vitro assessment of lens growth by weight. To overcome this limitation, we developed morphometric methods to assess defects in eye lens growth and shape in mice expressing the alphaA-crystallin R49C (alphaA-R49C) mutation. Our morphometric methods determine quantitative shape and dry weight of the whole lens from histological sections of the lens. This method was then used to quantitatively compare the biometric growth patterns of lenses of different genotypes of mice from birth to 12 months. The wild type dry lens weights determined using the morphometric method were comparable to previously reported weights. Next we applied the method to assessing the lenses of alphaA-R49C knock-in mice, which exhibit decreased alphaA-crystallin protein solubility, resulting in a variety of growth abnormalities including early cataract formation, decreased eye and lens size, failure to form the equatorial bow region, and continued lens cell death, sometimes resulting in the entire loss of the lens and eye. Our morphometric methods reproducibly quantified these defects by combining histology, microscopy, and image analysis. The volume measurement accurately represented the total growth of the lens, whereas the geometric shape of the lens more accurately quantified the differences between the growth of the mutant and wild-type lenses. These methods are robust tools for measuring dry lens weight and quantitatively comparing the growth of small lenses that are difficult to weigh accurately such as those from very young mice and mice with developmental lens defects.
Published: 2010

113. Preface

Author: David M. Lovinger and Matthew T. Reilly
Subjects: Genetic variation, Structural plasticity, Psychology, Neuroscience
Published: 2010
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114. A geometric model of ocular accommodation

Author: Nathan Ravi and Matthew Aaron Reilly
Subjects: Lens (geometry), Accommodation, Aging, Computer science, Swine, Geometric shape, Curvature, Lens curvature, Lens, Optics, Lens, Crystalline, Animals, Humans, Lens stretching, business.industry, Accommodation, Ocular, Presbyopia, Elasticity (physics), Models, Theoretical, Sensory Systems, Optomechanics, Constraint (information theory), Ophthalmology, Classical mechanics, Geometric mechanics, business, Geometric modeling
Abstract: An exoteric geometric mechanics model of ocular accommodation is detailed to elucidate the main ideas of various ongoing modeling efforts. The present study derives solutions for the stretched state of the ocular lens as it might appear during accommodation by using simple geometric arguments and a volume constraint, rather than the more mathematically intensive theory of elasticity. Results show that geometric shapes similar to the lens will deform in a similar fashion. This implies that, while the true lens geometry is somewhat more complex, it should also follow these qualitative behaviors.
Published: 2009

115. In vivo lens deficiency of the R49C alphaA-crystallin mutant

Author: Matthew Aaron Reilly and Usha P. Andley
Subjects: Mutant, Mutation, Missense, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, alpha-Crystallin A Chain, Cataract, Article, law.invention, Lens protein, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, Cataracts, Crystallin, law, In vivo, medicine, Animals, Gene Knock-In Techniques, Cell Proliferation, Genetics, Mutation, Retinal, Lens Nucleus, Crystalline, Lens Cortex, Crystalline, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Sensory Systems, eye diseases, Lens (optics), Ophthalmology, Disease Models, Animal, Ki-67 Antigen, chemistry, Animals, Newborn, sense organs
Abstract: The R49C mutation of alphaA-crystallin (alphaA-R49C) causes hereditary cataracts in humans; patients in a four-generation Caucasian family were found be heterozygous for this autosomal dominant mutation. We previously generated knock-in mouse models of this mutation and found that by 2 months of age, heterozygous mutant mice exhibited minor lens defects including reduced protein solubility, altered signaling in epithelial and fiber cells, and aberrant interactions between alphaA-crystallin and other lens proteins. In contrast, homozygous mutant alphaA-R49C knock-in mice displayed earlier and more extensive lens defects including small eyes and small lenses at birth, death of epithelial and fiber cells, and the formation of posterior, nuclear, and cortical cataracts in the first month of life. We have extended this study to now show that in alphaA-R49C homozygous mutant mice, epithelial cells failed to form normal equatorial bow regions and fiber cells continued to die as the mice aged, resulting in a complete loss of lenses and overall eye structure in mice older than 4 months. These results demonstrate that expression of the hereditary R49C mutant of alphaA-crystallin in vivo is sufficient to adversely affect lens growth, lens cell morphology, and eye function. The death of fiber cells caused by this mutation may ultimately lead to loss of retinal integrity and blindness.
Published: 2009

116. A facile synthesis of highly water-soluble, core-shell organo-silica nanoparticles with controllable size via sol-gel process

Author: Hongwei Du, Pramit Biswas, Paul D. Hamilton, Andre d'Avignon, Nathan Ravi, and Matthew Aaron Reilly
Subjects: Thermogravimetric analysis, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Static Electricity, Analytical chemistry, Nanoparticle, Phase Transition, Polyethylene Glycols, Biomaterials, Gel permeation chromatography, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Dynamic light scattering, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Monolayer, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Organosilicon Compounds, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Particle Size, Sol-gel, Chemistry, Water, Silanes, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Molecular Weight, Chemical engineering, Solubility, Thermogravimetry, Benzethonium, Nanoparticles, Particle size
Abstract: A series of highly water-soluble organo-silica nanoparticles, ranging from 2 to 10 nm in diameter, were synthesized by the cohydrolysis and copolycondensation reactions. ω-methoxy(polyethyleneoxy)propyltrimethoxysilane (PEG6-9) and hydroxymethyltriethoxysilane (HMTEOS) mixtures were catalyzed by sodium hydroxide in the presence of surfactant benzethonium chloride (BTC) with various ratios of PEG6-9/HMTEOS at room temperature. The synthesized organo-silica nanoparticles possess a core–shell structure with a core of organo-silica resulting from HMTEOS and a monolayer shell of PEG6-9. The chemo-physical characteristics of the particles were studied by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The molecular weight and particle size of the particles increased with increasing HMTEOS molar ratios. The richest HMTEOS composition for the water-soluble particles was found to be HMTEOS:PEG6-9 = 80:20, where the particles had a 6 nm diameter core and a 0.8 nm thick shell. We propose that these water-soluble organo-silica nanoparticles will be suitable for biomedical applications.
Published: 2009

117. Microindentation of the Young Porcine Ocular Lens

Author: Matthew Aaron Reilly and V. Nathan Ravi
Subjects: Optics and Photonics, Materials science, Swine, Biomedical Engineering, Modulus, Models, Biological, Optics, Elastic Modulus, Physiology (medical), Lens, Crystalline, medicine, Animals, Elastic modulus, Lens capsule, Mechanical property, Viscosity, business.industry, Biomechanics, Lens Nucleus, Crystalline, Presbyopia, Surgical procedures, medicine.disease, Elasticity, Biomechanical Phenomena, Regression Analysis, Stress, Mechanical, Shear Strength, business, Accommodation
Abstract: Debate regarding the mechanisms of how the eye changes focus (accommodation) and why this ability is lost with age (presbyopia) has recently been rejoined due to the advent of surgical procedures for the correction of presbyopia. Due to inherent confounding factors in both in vivo and in vitro measurement techniques, mechanical modeling of the behavior of the ocular lens in accommodation has been attempted to settle the debate. However, a paucity of reliable mechanical property measurements has proven problematic in the development of a successful mechanical model of accommodation. Instrumented microindentation was utilized to directly measure the local elastic modulus and dynamic response at various locations in the lens. The young porcine lens exhibits a large modulus gradient with the highest modulus appearing at the center of the nucleus and exponentially decreasing with distance. The loss tangent was significantly higher in the decapsulated lens and the force waveform amplitude decreased significantly upon removal of the lens capsule. The findings indicate that localized measurements of the lens’ mechanical properties are necessary to achieve accurate quantitative parameters suitable for mechanical modeling efforts. The results also indicate that the lens behaves as a crosslinked gel rather than as a collection of individual arched fiber cells.
Published: 2009
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118. Effects of acamprosate on neuronal receptors and ion channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes

Author: Lindsay M. McCracken, Diane Gong, Takafumi Horishita, Matthew T. Reilly, Cecilia M. Borghese, R. Adron Harris, and Ingrid A. Lobo
Subjects: Taurine, Acamprosate, Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5, Medicine (miscellaneous), TRPV Cation Channels, Pharmacology, Toxicology, Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate, Ion Channels, Sodium Channels, Article, Xenopus laevis, Receptors, Glycine, medicine, Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Ethanol, GABAA receptor, Chemistry, Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5, Receptor, Muscarinic M1, Glutamate receptor, Receptors, GABA-A, Receptors, Neurotransmitter, Psychiatry and Mental health, Metabotropic receptor, Metabotropic glutamate receptor, Oocytes, NMDA receptor, Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1, medicine.drug, Alcohol Deterrents
Abstract: Relapse into drug taking after a period of sobriety is a major problem in the treatment of addiction and in the treatment of alcoholism especially (Stalcup et al., 2006). Efforts have focused on the development of pharmacological agents that have the potential to curb the drug craving which precedes and usually precipitates a relapse (Heilig and Egli, 2006). Acamprosate (calcium acetylhomotaurine) was approved first in France in 1989 for the treatment of alcohol dependence and later in the United States in 2002. Over 1.4 million alcohol-dependent patients world-wide have been treated with acamprosate, which shows moderate efficacy at reducing relapse (Mason, 2001). However, attempts at determining the site of action of acamprosate in the central nervous system have produced equivocal results (De Witte et al., 2005; Littleton and Zieglgansberger, 2003). Mouse models of alcoholism have shown clear effects of acamprosate on behavioral responses to alcohol. Mutant mice that have increased brain glutamatergic tone drink large quantities of alcohol, and acamprosate administration reduces both the excessive alcohol consumption and high glutamate tone (Spanagel et al., 2005). In addition to reducing alcohol consumption, acamprosate inhibits the acute activating effects of alcohol and locomotor sensitization in wild-type mice (Kotlinska et al., 2006). Alcohol locomotor sensitization is also reduced by acamprosate to a greater degree in a high alcohol-preferring mouse line compared to a low alcohol-preferring mouse line (Chester et al., 2001). Acamprosate appears to alter conditioned responses to alcohol. For example, acamprosate inhibits the development of conditioned place preference to alcohol (McGeehan and Olive, 2003) and conditioned abstinence behavior from repeated alcohol exposure, a measure of alcohol negative reinforcement (Cole et al., 2000). Most studies aimed at identifying a mechanism of action of acamprosate have focused on the glutamatergic system (De Witte et al., 2005). However, the majority of these studies are difficult to interpret because the concentrations of acamprosate tested were at least 10 times greater than that seen in humans during treatment (Johnson et al., 2003; Mason et al., 2002). For example, in 2 independent clinical trials, healthy patients were administered 1 to 3 g of acamprosate orally once a day for 6 days, and the peak plasma concentration of acamprosate achieved was approximately 1 μM (Johnson et al., 2003; Mason et al., 2002). Early studies suggested that acamprosate at high concentrations (1 mM) inhibits glutamate receptor activated responses in vitro and in vivo (Zeise et al., 1993), and 300 μM acamprosate enhanced N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor function in hippocampal and accumbens brain slices (Berton et al., 1998; Madamba et al., 1996). Furthermore, additional studies on NMDA receptors concluded that acamprosate may interact with the polyamine site as a partial agonist (Naassila et al., 1998; Popp and Lovinger, 2000; al Qatari et al., 2001), while another study suggested that acamprosate may have weak antagonistic properties at NMDA receptors (Rammes et al., 2001). Finally, one study suggested that acamprosate may inhibit metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR), in particular mGluR5 (Harris et al., 2002). None of these studies detected direct actions of clinically relevant (e.g., 1 to 3 μM) concentrations of acamprosate on receptor or channel function. Other neurotransmitter systems have been less studied with respect to the site of action of acamprosate. It is plausible that acamprosate may interact with inhibitory neurotransmitter systems, such as GABA and glycine because of the similarity in structure between acamprosate and these neurotransmitters (Olive, 2002). However, there is no direct evidence that acamprosate modulates the function of GABAA or glycine receptors. Finally, voltage-gated channels could also represent a target for the action of acamprosate in the central nervous system because of their important role in cellular excitability. In this study, we tested the effects of acamprosate on several metabotropic receptors including, mGluR1, mGluR5 and M1 muscarinic receptors. We also determined whether acamprosate has any effects on ligand-gated and voltage-gated channels including: GABAA, glycine, vanilloid-1 receptors (VR1) and voltage-gated Na+ channels (Nav). We chose these candidate receptors and channels in part because with the exception of mGluR1, all of them are affected by ethanol in vitro. In addition, we tested the ability of acamprosate to alter ethanol responses on some of these receptors. We found no effects of acamprosate on these receptors or ion channels when recombinantly expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
Published: 2008

119. A Network Fabric for Scalable Multiprocessor Systems

Author: Matthew H. Reilly, Nitin Godiwala, and Judson S. Leonard
Subjects: High-performance technical computing, Shared memory, Computer science, Distributed computing, Parallel programming model, Scalability, Message passing, Multiprocessing, SiCortex, Telecommunications network
Abstract: Much of high performance technical computing has moved from shared memory architectures to message based cluster systems. The development and wide adoption of the MPI parallel programming model has hastened this transition. Parallel scaling, however, is frequently limited by the inefficient communication hardware commonly found in commodity based clusters. This paper describes a new communication network (the SiCortex fabric) employed in the SiCortex SC5832 integrated cluster system. The fabric switch and communications controller are integrated with a single-chip multiprocessor node and provides three point-to-point links per node chip. The resulting design provide slow latency, high bandwidth, reliable communication between the 972 nodes of the SiCortex system.
Published: 2008
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120. Dynamic multi-arm radial lens stretcher: a robotic analog of the ciliary body

Author: Matthew Aaron Reilly, Nathan Ravi, and Paul D. Hamilton
Subjects: Models, Anatomic, Materials science, Sus scrofa, Curvature, Viscoelasticity, law.invention, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Optics, Ciliary body, law, Lens, Crystalline, medicine, Animals, Elasticity (economics), medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Viscosity, Ciliary Body, Time constant, Accommodation, Ocular, Equipment Design, Robotics, Corneal topography, Sensory Systems, Elasticity, Lens (optics), Ophthalmology, Transducer, medicine.anatomical_structure, Stress, Mechanical, business
Abstract: We developed a dynamic lens stretching device to quantitatively determine the relationships between force, equatorial displacement, and anterior curvature. A computer-controlled four-arm lens stretcher, equipped with real-time force transducers in each arm, was designed and constructed to obtain transient force measurements during lens stretching. The force-decay spectrum was fitted with a seven-parameter viscoelastic model characterized by three time constants. A corneal topography unit was used to measure the curvature of fresh porcine lenses ex vivo and in vitro in a four-arm lens stretcher at various equatorial displacements. The lens stretcher and corneal topography unit provided detailed information regarding the behavior of the porcine lens in vitro. For all lenses, the central portion of the anterior surface flattened as zonular force increased. Force increased nonlinearly with equatorial displacement. Relaxation time constants for accommodation were 34.5+/-12.2 ms, 310+/-122 ms, and 12,800+/-9490 ms. Time constants for disaccommodation were 34.9+/-4.7 ms, 291+/-79.1 ms, and 3400+/-775 ms, which were not statistically different from those measured for accommodation. The lens stretcher acts as a robotic analog of the ciliary body. This device allows direct, quantitative measurement of the forces and curvature changes relevant to accommodation. However, distortions were present due to the use of only four arms.
Published: 2007

121. Regional variation in stand structure and development in forests of Oregon, Washington, and inland Northern California

Author: Matthew J. Reilly and Thomas A. Spies
Subjects: Biomass (ecology), Geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Range (biology), Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Vegetation, Understory, Woodland, Old-growth forest, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Despite its importance to biodiversity and ecosystem function, patterns and drivers of regional scale variation in forest structure and development are poorly understood. We characterize structural variation, create a hierarchical classification of forest structure, and develop an empirically based framework for conceptualizing structural development from 11,091 plots across 25 million ha of all ownerships in Oregon, Washington, and inland Northern California, USA. A single component related to live tree biomass accounted for almost half of the variation in a principal components analysis of structural attributes, but components related to live tree density and size, dead wood, and understory vegetation together accounted for as much additional variation. These results indicate that structural development is more complex than a monotonic accumulation of live biomass as other components may act independently or emerge at multiple points during development. The classification revealed the diversity of structural conditions expressed at all levels of live biomass depending on the timing and relative importance of a variety of ecological processes (e.g., mortality) in different vegetation zones. Low live biomass structural types ( 100 Mg/ha) substantiated the diversity of later developmental stages and exhibited considerable variation in the abundance of dead wood and density of big trees. Most structural types corresponded with previously described stages of development, but others associated with protracted early development, woodland/savannah transitions, and partial stand-replacing disturbance lacked analogs and indicated alternative pathways of development. We propose a conceptual framework that distinguishes among families of pathways depending on the range of variation along different components of structure, the relative importance of different disturbances, and complexity of pathways. Our framework is a starting point for developing more comprehensive models of structural development that apply to a wider variety of vegetation zones differing in environment and disturbance regimes.
Published: 2015
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122. Simulations of Porcine Eye Exposure to Primary Blast Insult

Author: Richard Watson, William Eric Sponsel, Brian J. Lund, Sylvia L. Groth, Randolph D. Glickman, Matthew Aaron Reilly, and Walt Gray
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Protective eyewear, business.industry, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, Family suidae, Blast exposure, Biomedical Engineering, Articles, Ocular trauma, Ophthalmology, Ciliary body, medicine.anatomical_structure, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Injury mechanisms, business, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: PURPOSE A computational model of the porcine eye was developed to simulate primary blast exposure. This model facilitates understanding of blast-induced injury mechanisms. METHODS A computational model of the porcine eye was used to simulate the effects of primary blast loading for comparison with experimental findings from shock tube experiments. The eye model was exposed to overpressure-time histories measured during physical experiments. Deformations and mechanical stresses within various ocular tissues were then examined for correlation with pathological findings in the experiments. RESULTS Stresses and strains experienced in the eye during a primary blast event increase as the severity of the blast exposure increases. Peak stresses in the model occurred in locations in which damage was most often observed in the physical experiments. CONCLUSIONS Blast injuries to the anterior chamber may be due to inertial displacement of the lens and ciliary body while posterior damage may arise due to contrecoup interactions of the vitreous and retina. Correlation of modeling predictions with physical experiments lends confidence that the model accurately represents the conditions found in the physical experiments. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE This computational model offers insights into the mechanisms of ocular injuries arising due to primary blast and may be used to simulate the effects of new protective eyewear designs.
Published: 2015
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123. Refined Frequency Doubling Perimetry Analysis Reaffirms Central Nervous System Control of Chronic Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration

Author: Ted Maddess, William Eric Sponsel, Analaura Villarreal, and Matthew Aaron Reilly
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Open angle glaucoma, Computer science, Population mean, Neurodegeneration, Central nervous system, Biomedical Engineering, Glaucoma, Articles, medicine.disease, Frequency doubling perimetry, eye diseases, Visual field, Ophthalmology, Bilateral glaucoma, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine
Abstract: PURPOSE Refined analysis of frequency doubling perimetric data was performed to assess binocular visual field conservation in patients with comparable degrees of bilateral glaucomatous damage, to determine whether unilateral visual field loss is random, anatomically symmetric, or non-random in relation to the fellow eye. METHODS Case control study of 41 consecutive patients with bilaterally mild to severe glaucoma; each right eye visual field locus was paired with randomly-selected co-isopteric left eye loci, performing 690,000 (10,000 complete sets of 69 loci) such iterations per subject. The potential role of anatomic symmetry in bilateral visual field conservation was also assessed by pairing mirror-image loci of the right- and left-eye fields. The mean values of the random co-isopteric and the symmetric mirror pairings were compared with natural point-for-point pairings of the two eyes by paired t-test. RESULTS Mean unilateral Matrix threshold across the entire 30-degree visual field were 17.0 dB left and 18.4 dB right (average 17.7). The better of the naturally paired concomitant loci yielded binocular equivalent mean bilateral Matrix threshold of 20.9 dB, 1.6 dB higher than the population mean of the 690,000 coisopteric pairings (t = -10.4; P < 10-12). Thus, a remarkable natural tendency for conservation of the binocular Matrix visual field was confirmed, far stronger than explicable by random chance. Symmetric pairings of precise mirror-image loci also produced values higher than random co-isopteric pairings (Δ 1.1 dB; t = -4.0; P = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS Refined data analysis of paired Matrix visual fields confirms the existence of a natural optimization of binocular visual function in severe bilateral glaucoma via interlocking fields that could only be created by CNS involvement. The disparity of paired Matrix threshold values at mirror-image loci was also highly nonrandom and quantitatively inverse from the expected if anatomic symmetry factors were merely passively contributing systematically to the compensatory binocular Matrix effect. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE The paired eyes and brain are reaffirmed to function as a unified system in the progressive age-related neurodegenerative condition chronic open angle glaucoma, maximizing the binocular visual field. Given the extensive homology of this disorder with other age-related neurodegenerations, it is reasonable to assume that the brain will similarly resist simultaneous bilateral loss of paired functional zones in both hemispheres in diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Glaucomatous eyes at all stages of the disease appear to provide a highly accessible paired-organ study model for developing therapeutics to optimize conservation of function in neurodegenerative disorders.
Published: 2015
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124. Definitive Response to Denniss and Artes: The Paired Eyes and Brain in One Person Are One Unit

Author: Matthew Aaron Reilly, Ted Maddess, and William Eric Sponsel
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Psychoanalysis, genetic structures, Bilateral Disease, business.industry, Biomedical Engineering, Late stage, eye diseases, Ophthalmology, medicine, Optic nerve, Letters to the Editor, business
Abstract: We welcome this spirited correspondence1 on our work,2 complete with its thought-provoking title quote borrowed from Carl Sagan and an incisive passage by John Ioannidis. The fact that glaucomatous damage appears to involve the optic nerve head was never questioned by our article. Whether other factors may influence the eventual fate of visual fields in a manner that is manifest “in late stage bilateral disease” was the actual the topic of our study.
Published: 2015
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125. Design of an 8-wide superscalar RISC microprocessor with simultaneous multithreading

Author: M.J. Smith, S. Felix, Shane L. Bell, J.D. Pickholtz, R.W. Badeau, Swati Mehta, M.K. Gowan, D.B. Jackson, Matthew H. Reilly, R. Gammack, Paul E. Gronowski, S.V. Morton, William J. Bowhill, L.L. Biro, D.W. Bailey, V. Germini, R.P. Preston, and D.E. Dever
Subjects: Reduced instruction set computing, Computer science, business.industry, Hyper-threading, Parallel computing, Barrel processor, Simultaneous multithreading, law.invention, Instruction set, Microprocessor, law, Superscalar, Embedded system, Multithreading, business
Abstract: A 250M transistor microprocessor implements the Alpha instruction set and features 8-wide superscalar issue and simultaneous multithreading in a 0.125/spl mu/m SOI process. Performance is estimated at over three times that of the previous design.
Published: 2005
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126. CONTRIBUTORS

Author: Ernest Abel, George Acquaah-Mensah, Junko Adachi, Giovanni Gasbarrini Addolorato, Bert Aertgeerts, Sara Ahlgren, Emanuele Albano, Katrine Albertsen, Jan Albrecht, Jeffrey W. Allen, Paul Allison, Angelo Ammendola, Carlo Ancona, Gavin E. Arteel, C.P. Arun, Michael Aschner, Angelo Avogaro, A.A.-B. Badawy, Shannon M. Bailey, A.J. Barak, John Barefoot, Nancy P. Barnett, R.G. Batey, Abraham P. Bautista, M.C. Beauvieux, Ulrik Becker, Lawerence J. Beilin, Richard L. Bell, K. Berry, A.A.E. Bertelli, Richard D. Blondell, Daniel J. Bonthius, Adrian Borges, Cleofina Bosco, Robert Boughton, Valeria Bender Braulio, Francesco Bravaccio, Jan Braun, Arthur S. Brecher, George R. Breese, P.J. Brooks, Eli Torild Hellandsjo Bu, Daniel Bunout, Stewart Campbell, Bernard Campillo, Q. Cao, Esmeralda Capristo, K.B. Carey, Carol A. Casey, Steven A. Castellon, Jose A. Castro, Gerardo Castro, Y. Çelik, Christina D. Chambers, Geoff K. Chambers, Dev Chandra, Laura W. Cheever, C.J. Cherpitel, Connie Cheung, Duncan B. Clark, Colleen Clark, Dahn L. Clemens, Joseph Conigliaro, Katherine M. Conigrave, Anastasia Constantinescu, Jocelyn L. Cook, M-A. Cornier, David B. Couch, María Isabel Covas, James A. Crampton, H.E. Criswell, Gerhard Dammann, S.T. Davidge, Darren Day, G. de Gaetano, María Pía De la Maza, A. Di Castelnuovo, Jutta Dierkes, Terrence M. Donohue, Tania Douglas, Robert Dudley, M. Duggal, D.A. Dulli, Gerlinde Egerer, John S. Ellingson, Nobuyuki Enomoto, Romon Estruch, Andrea Fabbri, Jaume Farrés, Joaquim Fernández-Solà, Alessandro Federico, David A. Fiellin, A. Fink, W.M. Freeman, Samuel W. French, Robert A. Frost, J.L. Gallis, B. Gao, Giovanni Gasbarrini, Madeleine C. Geraghty, Chris L. Gibson, Emilio Gonzàlez-Reimers, R.S. Gooch, Adam J. Gordon, Joseph-Maria Grau, M.O. Gray, Diederick E Grobbee, Morten Grønbæk, Petra Grubwieser, Michael J. Haas, Stefan L. Haas, P.S. Haber, Deborah Hasin, Henk F.J. Hendriks, Christian von Heymann, Elisabeth Higgins, Charles H. Hinkin, Sandra Hirsch, Gregg E. Homanics, Ross J. Hunter, John T.P. Hustad, Ana M. Hutton Kahrberg, Kenichi Ikejima, Ernest B. Izevbigie, Hitender Jain, Harold Kalant, Ulrik Kesmodel, Kusum K. Kharbanda, Tsuneo Kitamura, Burghard F. Klapp, Wolfgang Kox, T.F. Kresina, Anja Kroke, José María Ladero, Jason C. Lambert, Charles H. Lang, M. Laposata, Rebecca Lebeau-Craven, Andrew J. Levine, Charles S. Lieber, Carmela Loguercio, Philippe Lunetta, Giulio Marchesini, Stephen J. Marshall, Colin R. Martin, Susana E. Martìnez, William J. McBride, Ross A. McKim, Benita L. McVicker, Ernesta M. Meintjes, Jukka H. Meurman, Laura Mezzani, J. Mitchell Miller, Juan Bautista Miñana, Kenneth P. Mitton, Eckhard Mühlbauer, M. Murata, James Murphy, James M. Murphy, Tatsuo Nakahara, Amin A. Nanji, Raghu G. Nath, A.V. Nemtsov, Josep–María Nicolás, Hideyuki Nushida, P.P. Ogurtsov, Tomonori Okamura, Federico V. Pallardo, Nicholas J. Pantazis, Xavier Parés, Alexandr Parlesak, Valentino Patussi, Marion Pavlic, Camilla K. Pease, Giia-Sheun Peng, Alex R. Piquero, Kari Poikolainen, Sergio Porte, Victor Preedy, Ian B. Puddey, Matthew E. Reilly, Alexander R. Rich, Gonzalo Rivera, Z.A. Rodd, Ramón Rodrigo, H. Rommelspacher, S. Rotondo, Emilio Sacanella, Raneem O. Salem, Michael Sander, Francisco Santolaria-Fernandez, Juan Sastre, Nobuhiro Sato, Emanuele Scafato, Luisa Schiaffonati, Alexander Schneider, Marlene B. Schwartz, Helmut Seitz, S. Shourie, Aafje Sierksma, Holly Sindeler, H.C. Manfred V. Singer, Rajita Sinha, Gordon S. Smith, Offie P. Soldin, Claudia Spies, Lina Steinrud Mørch, Felix Stickel, Y. Suwa, Riitta Suuronen, Yoshiyuki Takei, Dawn L. Thatcher, Jacob A. Theruvathu, Geoffrey M. Thiele, Antonio Tiengo, Peter M. Timms, John R. Trevithick, Dean J. Tuma, Yasuhiro Ueno, Alvaro Urbano-Márquez, Julia Vaglenova, Alberto Vandelli, Judith H. Veis, Holly E. Ventura, Matteo Vidali, José Viña, K.E. Vrana, Marc Walter, Jianhua Wang, Rachel Waxman, David F. Werner, J. Westin, Simon Worrall, T.J. Worst, Shunhei Yamashina, S.J. Yin, Magdalena Zielinska, and Renate R. Zilkens
Published: 2005
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127. Impacts of repeated wildfire on long-unburned plant communities of the southern Appalachian Mountains

Author: Donald L. Hagan, Matthew J. Reilly, Timothy M. Shearman, and Thomas A. Waldrop
Subjects: Ecology, Kalmia, biology, Fire regime, Diameter at breast height, Species diversity, Forestry, Plant community, Vegetation, biology.organism_classification, Geography, Species richness, Woody plant
Abstract: The infrequent occurrence of large wildfires in the southern Appalachian Mountains over the last several decades has offered few opportunities to study their impacts. From 2000 to 2008, five wildfires burned a large portion of the area in and surrounding the Linville Gorge Wilderness in North Carolina. Areas were burned either once or twice. The response of acid cove and thermic oak plant communities (structure, cover, richness, diversity) was measured in 78 vegetation monitoring plots, established in 1992 and remeasured in 2010–11. Fire altered forest structure in both communities, resulting in the mortality of larger trees and increases in the abundance of smaller (
Published: 2015
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128. Refined Data Analysis Provides Clinical Evidence for Central Nervous System Control of Chronic Glaucomatous Neurodegeneration

Author: Nancy Satsangi, Ted Maddess, William Eric Sponsel, Matthew Aaron Reilly, and Sylvia L. Groth
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, business.industry, Central nervous system, Neurodegeneration, Biomedical Engineering, Glaucoma, Visual disability, Audiology, medicine.disease, Article, eye diseases, Visual field, Ophthalmology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Clinical evidence, medicine, In patient, Visual field loss, business
Abstract: Purpose: Refined data analysis was performed to assess binocular visual field conservation in patients with bilateral glaucomatous damage to determine whether unilateral visual field loss is random, anatomically symmetric, or nonrandom in relation to the fellow eye. Methods: This was a case–control study of 47 consecutive patients with bilaterally severe glaucoma; each right eye visual field locus was paired with randomly selected coisopteric left eye loci, with 760,000 (10,000 complete sets of 76 loci) such iterations performed per subject. The potential role of anatomic symmetry in bilateral visual field conservation was also assessed by pairing mirror-image loci of the paired fields. The mean values of the random coisopteric and the symmetric mirror pairings were compared with natural point-for-point pairings of the two eyes by paired t-test. Results: Mean unilateral thresholds across the entire visual field were 18.9 dB left and 19.9 dB right (average 19.4), 4 dB lower than the better of the naturally paired concomitant loci of 23.4 dB (P , 10 � 15 ). A remarkable natural tendency for conservation of the binocular visual field was confirmed, far stronger than explicable by random chance or anatomic symmetry (P , 0.0001), and reaffirmed by subsequent prospective simultaneous binocular visual field retesting of an arbitrary subset (n ¼ 16) of the study population (P , 0.0001). Conclusions: Refined data analysis of paired visual fields confirms the existence of a natural optimization of binocular visual function in severe bilateral glaucoma via interlocking fields that could be created only by central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Translational Relevance: Integrated bilateral visual field analysis should better define actual visual disability and more accurately reflect the functional efficacy of current ocular and future CNS-oriented therapeutic approaches to the treatment of glaucoma. Glaucomatous eyes provide a highly accessible paired-organ study model for developing therapeutics to optimize conservation of function in neurodegenerative disorders.
Published: 2014
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129. Alcohol and Gene Expression in the Central Nervous System

Author: Matthew T. Reilly, Christoph Fehr, and Kari J. Buck
Published: 2001
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130. Mpdz is a quantitative trait gene for drug withdrawal seizures

Author: Nicole A.R. Walter, Matthew T. Reilly, Renee L. Shirley, Christoph Fehr, and Kari J. Buck
Subjects: Drug, Genotype, Positional cloning, media_common.quotation_subject, Molecular Sequence Data, Quantitative Trait Loci, PDZ domain, Gene Expression, Quantitative trait locus, Biology, Protein–protein interaction, Mice, Mice, Congenic, Drug withdrawal, Seizures, medicine, Animals, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Cloning, Molecular, Gene, media_common, Genetics, Behavior, Animal, Ethanol, General Neuroscience, Chromosome Mapping, Membrane Proteins, Embryo, Mammalian, medicine.disease, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Carrier Proteins, Neuroscience
Abstract: Physiological dependence and associated withdrawal episodes can constitute a powerful motivational force that perpetuates drug use and abuse. Using robust behavioral models of drug physiological dependence in mice, positional cloning, and sequence and expression analyses, we identified an addiction-relevant quantitative trait gene, Mpdz. Our findings provide a framework to define the protein interactions and neural circuit by which this gene's product (multiple PDZ domain protein) affects drug dependence, withdrawal and relapse.
Published: 2004
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131. Corrigendum to 'A facile synthesis of highly water-soluble, core–shell organo-silica nanoparticles with controllable size via sol–gel process' [J. Colloid Interface Sci. 340 (2009) 202–208]

Author: Hongwei Du, Andre d'Avignon, Pratim Biswas, Paul D. Hamilton, Matthew Aaron Reilly, and Nathan Ravi
Subjects: Biomaterials, Core shell, Silica nanoparticles, Colloid, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Materials science, Water soluble, Nanotechnology, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Sol-gel
Published: 2010
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132. A dynamic microindentation device with electrical contact detection

Author: Nathan Ravi, Matthew Aaron Reilly, and Gavin Perry
Subjects: Optics and Photonics, Cantilever, Materials science, Infrared Rays, Acoustics, Interrupter, Sensitivity and Specificity, Electrical contacts, law.invention, law, Piezoelectric motor, Deflection (engineering), Electrical network, General Instruments, Waveform, Instrumentation, Electrical conductor
Abstract: We developed a microindentation instrument that allows direct measurement of the point of contact for reasonably conductive samples. This is achieved in the absence of a contact load using a simple electrical circuit. Force is measured using an optical interrupter to measure the deflection of a cantilever beam. Displacement is achieved using a piezoelectric motor and is measured using an independent optical interrupter. Force and displacement measurements are accomplished in real time, allowing the specification of arbitrary waveforms. The instrument was rigorously validated by comparing mechanical property measurements from the indenter with results from traditional dynamic mechanical analysis. Details of the construction and feedback control schemes are given explicitly.
Published: 2009
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133. Wildfire effects on β-diversity and species turnover in a forested landscape

Author: Claire L. Newell, Michael C. Wimberly, and Matthew J. Reilly
Subjects: Geography, Ecology, Community composition, Disturbance (ecology), Elevation, Plant Science, β diversity, Fire history
Abstract: Questions: What are the effects of fire on the relationships between community composition and environment? Does fire affect β-diversity and rates of species turnover along spatial and environmental gradients? Do these effects differ among functional groups? Location: Linville Gorge, in the southern Appalachians of western North Carolina, USA. Methods: We sampled all vascular plants in 20 plots (200 to 400 m2) before and after a wildfire. We used Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling to compare pre- and post-fire relationships between community composition and elevation, fire history, and topographic moisture. We compared Whittaker's βw and quantified rates of species turnover along geographic and environmental gradients for all plants, trees, shrubs, and herbs. Randomization tests were used to determine whether rates of species turnover changed after the fire. Results: Correlations between community composition and environmental variables generally increased after fire. The largest increase was fo...
Published: 2006
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134. MPDZ IS A QUANTITATIVE TRAIT GENE (QTG) FOR DRUG WITHDRAWAL SEIZURES

Author: Kari J. Buck, Matthew T. Reilly, Christoph Fehr, Renee L. Shirley, and Nicole A.R. Walter
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, Drug withdrawal, business.industry, Medicine (miscellaneous), Medicine, Quantitative trait locus, Toxicology, business, Bioinformatics, medicine.disease, Gene
Published: 2004
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135. Studies on the Time-Course of Ethanol??s Acute Effects on Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis

Author: Matthew E. Reilly, David Mantle, Peter J. Richardson, John Salisbury, Jenny Jones, Timothy J. Peters, and Victor R. Preedy
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health, Medicine (miscellaneous), Toxicology
Published: 1997
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136. Nonlinear feedforward/feedback control structures designed by reference system synthesis

Author: Christos Georgakis, R. Donald Bartusiak, and Matthew J. Reilly
Subjects: Dynamical systems theory, Differential equation, Applied Mathematics, General Chemical Engineering, Feed forward, PID controller, Control engineering, General Chemistry, Nonlinear control, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Nonlinear system, Control theory, Process control, Realization (systems), Mathematics
Abstract: Reference system synthesis, an equation-based method for designing nonlinear feedforward/feedback controllers for general dynamic systems is presented. The control objective is expressed as a desired closed-loop behavior in the form of a set integro-differential equations which can, by design, be nonlinear. Realization of the desired closed-loop behavior depends upon the solution of an operator equation relating the open-loop system to the desired closed-loop system for computing the necessary manipulated variable action. Analytical solutions of this operator equation can be found for simple systems. In general, numerical solutions can be determined using Newton's method, for example. The advantages of reference system synthesis are: (i) it provides a general method for designing nonlinear feedforward/feedback controllers, (ii) it is simple, and (iii) its loop-shaping capabilities allow for the design of deliberately nonlinear closed-loop behavior for higher performance and constraint-avoiding control. In this paper, we introduce the reference system synthesis procedure, illustrate its application to simple dynamical systems, and discuss the relationship of reference system synthesis to PID control and other linear and nonlinear control design procedures.
Published: 1989
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137. Dynamics of a tubular reactor with recycle: Part I. Stability of the steady state

Author: Matthew J. Reilly and R. A. Schmitz
Subjects: Environmental Engineering, Steady state (electronics), Chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Dynamics (mechanics), Mechanics, Instability, Stability (probability), Nonlinear system, Control theory, Stability theory, Steady state multiplicity, Dispersion (chemistry), Biotechnology
Abstract: An analysis of the stability of a plug-flow tubular reactor with recycle is presented for a model in which axial dispersion of heat and mass is neglected. A method is developed which permits determination of stability or instability for small disturbances immediately upon attainment of the steady state solution. The method, which is applicable to a large class of recycle processes, is based on a Newton-Raphson iteration technique for steady state solution and on the stability theory of nonlinear difference equations. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated by means of numerical examples which illustrate the occurrence of steady state multiplicity and unstable situations.
Published: 1966
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138. Dynamics of a tubular reactor with recycle: Part II. Nature of the transient state

Author: R. A. Schmitz and Matthew J. Reilly
Subjects: Transient state, Environmental Engineering, Steady state, Chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Direct method, Dynamics (mechanics), Thermodynamics, Mechanics, Nonlinear system, Exponential stability, Transient (oscillation), Dispersion (water waves), Biotechnology
Abstract: A theoretical study of the transient state of a plug-flow tubular reactor with recycle is presenred for a model in which axial dispersion of heat and mass is negligible. A qualitative description of the temporal behavior near the steady state is obtained from an analysis of the linearized transient equations, and some large-scale transient characteristics are studied by means of numerical solution of the nonlinear transient equations. A cursory study of the application of the Liapunov's direct method to predict regions of asymptotic stability is also presented. Numerical examples illustrate sustained oscillatory behavior as well as the transient nature of systems with multiple steady states.
Published: 1967
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139. Designing Nonlinear Control Structures by Reference System Synthesis

Author: Matthew J. Reilly, Christos Georgakis, and R. Donald Bartusiak
Subjects: Nonlinear system, Adaptive control, Dynamical systems theory, Control theory, Control system, Internal model, Feed forward, PID controller, Control engineering, Nonlinear control, Mathematics
Abstract: Reference system synthesis, an equation-based method for designing nonlinear feedforward/feedback controllers for general dynamic systems is presented. The control objective is expressed as a desired closed loop behavior in the form of a set of integro-differential equations which can, by design, be nonlinear. Realization of the desired closed loop behavior depends upon the solution of an operator equation relating the open loop system to the desired closed loop system for computing the necessary manipulated variable action. Analytical solutions of this operator equation can be found for simple systems. In general, numerical solutions can be determined using Newton's method, for example. The advantages of reference system synthesis are (i) it provides a general method for designing nonlinear feedforward/feedback controllers, (ii) it is simple, and (iii) its loop-shaping capabilities allow for the design of deliberately nonlinear closed loop behavior for higher performance and constraint-avoiding control. In this paper, we introduce the reference system synthesis procedure, illustrate its application to simple dynamical systems, and discuss the relationship of reference system synthesis to PID and Internal Model Control design procedures.
Published: 1988
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140. Benzene Metabolism and Toxicity

Author: James J. Kocsis, Robert Snyder, Charlotte M. Witmer, Matthew J. Reilly, Eun Woo Lee, and L.S. Andrews
Subjects: Inhalation, Chemistry, Pharmacology, medicine.disease, Pancytopenia, Dyscrasia, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine.anatomical_structure, Toxicity, medicine, Platelet, Bone marrow, Aplastic anemia, Benzene
Abstract: Chronic exposure to benzene leads to blood dyscrasias characterized by progressive depression in the levels of circulating leukocytes, thrombocytes, and/or erythrocytes, eventually leading to pancytopenia and aplastic anemia (1). The literature contains many descriptions of human benzene toxicity following chronic inhalation (2–4) and the process has been reproduced in several animal species either by exposing animals to atmospheric benzene (5,6) or by parenteral administration of benzene (7,8). The mechanism by which benzene produces bone marrow depression has been explored in a series of studies by Kissling and Speck (9,10) and by Boje et al. (11), who demonstrated that nucleic acid synthesis in bone marrow was inhibited in chronic benzene toxicity, but the molecular site of action is as yet unknown.
Published: 1977
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141. Nonlinear Control Structures for Chemical Reactors

Author: R. Donald Bartusiak, Matthew J. Reilly, and Christos Georgakis
Subjects: Reaction rate, Physics, Nonlinear system, Temperature control, Control theory, Open-loop controller, Continuous stirred-tank reactor, Sensitivity (control systems), Nonlinear control
Abstract: A nonlinear feedback controller for chemical reaction dynamic systems is examined in which the control action is a function of the deviation of the reaction rate from steady state. The motivations for this controller are (i) the finding that the reaction rate sensitivity to composition and temperature deviations is closely associated with the slow or unstable dynamic modes for the reaction systems studied to date; (ii) the controller nonlinearity mirrors the principal process nonlinearity; and (iii) such a control law is intuitively meaningful. In this paper, we develop the controller and propose a nonlinear analysis method for an idealized model of the continuous stirred tank reactor.
Published: 1986
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142. Synthetic fuels summary. [1850 to 1979]

Author: Charles E. Cooke, S. William Gouse, John D. Booker, Yuri Ksander, Harry H. Fiedler, Joseph J. Yancik, Richard F. Hill, Harry W. Parker, Matthew J. Reilly, Christian W. Knudsen, Lewis D. Conta, Thomas J. Joyce, Kenneth A. Roger, and Robert Novak
Subjects: Engineering, Government, Investment decisions, Risk analysis (engineering), Scope (project management), Waste management, business.industry, Energy Security Act, business, Activity-based costing, Energy source, Energy policy, Cost database
Abstract: This report examines the federal government's experience in synfuels, the market potential of synfuels, the US energy resources base, and the numerous technologies available. Technologies and energy resources are reviewed and compared to provide the facts needed to understand existing energy-related problems. This introductory manual is an overview of synfuel technologies, and markets. It is not meant to be the sole source of information on which multi-billion dollar investment decisions for specific synfuel plants would be based. The report, published originally in August 1980, has been revised to incorporate appropriate corrections and clarifications. The intent behind these revisions is to present the best technical and programmatic information available as of the original publication date, August 1980. The original report included certain information about the relative costs of selected synfuels technologies. Economics are especially sensitive to recent events and updated information, and it would possibly be misleading to restate the original cost data in this report. It was felt that the original cost data needed major updating and reconciliation due to differences in project scope, basic assumptions, and costing methodologies. ESCOE believes that reliable economic comparisons require timely data and a recognition of any major differences in scope or methodology. Therefore,more » ESCOE, in a separate task, is undertaking an updated commercial scale economic comparison of selected synfuel processes, on a normalized basis. The results of this task will be published as a separate ESCOE report.« less
Published: 1981
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143. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) promotes spermatogenic regeneration from surviving spermatogonia after high-dose alkylating chemotherapy

Author: Jamila R. Sanchez, Matthew Aaron Reilly, Jennifer Mecklenburg, Travis Kotzur, Roberto Benavides-Garcia, and Brian P. Hermann
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Time Factors, medicine.medical_treatment, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Spermatogonial stem cells, Male infertility, Endocrinology, Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor, Testis, Promyelocytic Leukemia Zinc Finger Protein, Fertility preservation, Adjuvant, Cancer, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3. Good health, Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, Cytokine, medicine.drug, Infertility, medicine.medical_specialty, Cell Survival, Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors, Biology, Protective Agents, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Regeneration, Spermatogenesis, Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating, Busulfan, Cell Proliferation, Chemotherapy, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Research, Late effects, medicine.disease, Spermatogonia, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, Ki-67 Antigen, Reproductive Medicine, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Background The lifesaving chemotherapy and radiation treatments that allow patients to survive cancer can also result in a lifetime of side-effects, including male infertility. Infertility in male cancer survivors is thought to primarily result from killing of the spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) responsible for producing spermatozoa since SSCs turn over slowly and are thereby sensitive to antineoplastic therapies. We previously demonstrated that the cytokine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can preserve spermatogenesis after alkylating chemotherapy (busulfan). Methods Male mice were treated with G-CSF or controls before and/or after sterilizing busulfan treatment and evaluated immediately or 10–19 weeks later for effects on spermatogenesis. Results We demonstrated that the protective effect of G-CSF on spermatogenesis was stable for at least 19 weeks after chemotherapy, nearly twice as long as previously shown. Further, G-CSF treatment enhanced spermatogenic measures 10 weeks after treatment in the absence of a cytotoxic insult, suggesting G-CSF acts as a mitogen in steady-state spermatogenesis. In agreement with this conclusion, G-CSF treatment for 3 days before busulfan treatment exacerbated the loss of spermatogenesis observed with G-CSF alone. Reciprocally, spermatogenic recovery was modestly enhanced in mice treated with G-CSF for 4 days after busulfan. These results suggested that G-CSF promoted spermatogonial proliferation, leading to enhanced spermatogenic regeneration from surviving SSCs. Similarly, there was a significant increase in proportion of PLZF+ undifferentiated spermatogonia that were Ki67+ (proliferating) 1 day after G-CSF treatment. Conclusions Together, these results clarify that G-CSF protects spermatogenesis after alkylating chemotherapy by stimulating proliferation of surviving spermatogonia, and indicate it may be useful as a retrospective fertility-restoring treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12958-016-0226-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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144. Long-term patterns of post-fire harvest diverge among ownerships in the Pacific West, U.S.A

Author: Aaron Zuspan, Matthew J Reilly, and E Henry Lee
Subjects: salvage logging, Landsat, change detection, post-fire management, regional trends, time series analysis, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Post-fire harvest (PFH) is a forest management practice designed to salvage value from burned timber, mitigate safety hazards from dead trees, reduce long-term fuels, and prepare sites for replanting. Despite public controversy and extensive ecological research, little is known about how much PFH occurs on private and public lands in the U.S. Pacific West, or how practices changed with shifting forest policy and increasing area burned over the last three decades. We mapped PFH across 2.2 M burned hectares in California, Oregon, and Washington between 1986–2017 and used time series intervention analysis to compare trends in area, rate (% of burned area harvested), and mean patch size between private (0.5 M ha) and federal (1.6 M ha) forest land and across a gradient of burn severity. Harvest rates varied by ownership (4.9% federal, 18.6% private, 8.0% overall), and practices evolved and diverged over the study period. PFH area and rate declined across all ownerships in the mid-1990s during a period of reduced fire activity. As area burned increased between the early 2000s and late 2010s, PFH area rebounded and surpassed late-1980s levels, while rates remained relatively low. On federal lands, PFH practices shifted in the early-to-mid 1990s towards lower rates (10.3%–3.8%) and smaller patches (6.0–3.3 ha), following policy changes and increased litigation. PFH rates on federal lands decreased at all levels of burn severity, with the largest decreases (6.2%–1.2%) in forests with low tree mortality (i.e. fire refugia). Conversely, private PFH rates and mean patch sizes more than doubled in forests burned at very low-to-moderate severity. Our results highlight how PFH practices have shifted with policy, socio-economic pressure, and increasing area burned over 31 years in the Pacific West. A similar area of PFH is now dispersed over larger fires, with practices diverging substantially between ownerships.
Published: 2024
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145. An ecological perspective on living with fire in ponderosa pine forests of Oregon and Washington: Resistance, gone but not forgotten

Author: Andrew G. Merschel, Peter A. Beedlow, David C. Shaw, David R. Woodruff, E. Henry Lee, Steven P. Cline, Randy L. Comeleo, R. Keala Hagmann, and Matthew J. Reilly
Subjects: Ponderosa pine, Wildland fire, Oregon, Washington, Wildfire smoke, Resistance, Resilience, Forestry, SD1-669.5, Plant ecology, QK900-989
Abstract: Wildland fires (WLF) have become more frequent, larger, and severe with greater impacts to society and ecosystems and dramatic increases in firefighting costs. Forests throughout the range of ponderosa pine in Oregon and Washington are jeopardized by the interaction of anomalously dense forest structure, a warming and drying climate, and an expanding human population. These forests evolved with frequent interacting disturbances including low-severity surface fires, droughts, and biological disturbance agents (BDAs). Chronic low-severity disturbances were, and still are, critical to maintaining disturbance resistance, the property of an ecosystem to withstand disturbance while maintaining its structure and ecological function. Restoration of that historical resistance offers multiple social and ecological benefits.Moving forward, we need a shared understanding of the ecology of ponderosa pine forests to appreciate how restoring resistance can reduce the impacts of disturbances. Given contemporary forest conditions, a warming climate, and growing human populations, we predict continued elevation of tree mortality from drought, BDAs, and the large high-severity WLFs that threaten lives and property as well as ecosystem functions and services. We recommend more comprehensive planning to promote greater use of prescribed fire and management of reported fires for ecological benefits, plus increased responsibility and preparedness of local agencies, communities and individual homeowners for WLF and smoke events. Ultimately, by more effectively preparing for fire in the wildland urban interface, and by increasing the resistance of ponderosa pine forests, we can greatly enhance our ability to live with fire and other disturbances.
Published: 2021
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146. Cytoreduction with hyperthermic intra peritoneal and intra thoracic chemotherapy for metastatic Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the ovary

Author: Nicholas K. Larsen, Matthew J. Reilly, Seunghyug Kwon, Brian W. Loggie, and Marcus W. Balters
Subjects: Sertoli Leydig cell tumor, Metastatic, Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, Hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract: Sertoli Leydig cell tumor (SLCT) is a rare sex-cord stromal tumor of the ovary that generally has a benign course. Here, we report an unusual case of recurrent, metastatic SLCT and its unique management with a combination of cytoreductive surgery, hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy, and systemic chemotherapy.
Published: 2020
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147. How does tree regeneration respond to mixed‐severity fire in the western Oregon Cascades, USA?

Author: Christopher J. Dunn, James D. Johnston, Matthew J. Reilly, John D. Bailey, and Rebecca A. Miller
Subjects: Cascade Mountains, Douglas‐fir, fire effects, forest resilience, forest succession, mixed‐severity fire, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Abstract Dendroecological studies of historical tree recruitment patterns suggest mixed‐severity fire effects are common in Douglas‐fir/western hemlock forests of the Pacific Northwest (PNW), USA, but empirical studies linking observed fire severity to tree regeneration response are needed to expand our understanding into the functional role of fire in this forest type. Recent increases in mixed‐severity fires offered this opportunity, so we quantified the abundance, spatial distribution, species richness, and community composition of regenerating trees across a mixed‐severity fire gradient (unburned–high‐severity fire) 10 and 22 yr post‐fire, and use our results to inform a discussion of fire's functional role in western Oregon Cascades Douglas‐fir forests. Regeneration abundance was unimodal across the fire severity gradient such that the greatest mean abundance followed moderate‐severity fire (25–75% basal area mortality). Similarly, the greatest number of species was present within the most 25‐m2 regeneration quadrants (most extensive distribution) following moderate‐severity fire, relative to any other fire severity class. On average, species richness also exhibited a unimodal distribution across the severity gradient, increasing by 100% in stands that experienced moderate‐severity fire relative to unburned forests or following high‐severity fire, as predicted by the Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis. Several distinct regeneration communities emerged across the fire severity gradient, including early seral tree communities indicative of those observed in initial and relay floristics successional models for this forest type. Most significantly, moderate‐severity fire alters successional trajectories and facilitates the establishment of a more diverse tree regeneration community than observed following low‐ or high‐severity fire. These communities are reflective of the diverse overstory communities commonly encountered throughout this forest type. The emergence of these diverse forests is unlikely to develop or persist in the absence of moderate‐severity fire effects, and may be perpetuated longer by recurring moderate‐severity fire relative to experiencing stand replacing fire. Therefore, moderate‐severity fire may be the most functionally important fire effect in Douglas‐fir forests and should be better represented in successional models and more prominent in ecologically based fire and forest management.
Published: 2020
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148. Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery

Author: Knight, Sr, Chu, K, Lapitan, Mc, Dare, Aj, Pius, R, Shaw, Ca, Drake, Tm, Norman, L, Ademuyiwa, Ao, Adisa, Ao, Aguilera, Ml, Al-Saqqa, Sw, Al-Slaibi, I, Bhangu, A, Biccard, Bm, Brocklehurst, P, Costas-Chavarri, A, Elhadi, M, Fairfield, Cj, Fitzgerald, Je, Ghosh, D, Glasbey, J, Henegouwen, Miv, Ingabire, Jca, Kingham, Tp, Lawani, I, Lieske, B, Lilford, R, Martin, J, Mclean, Ka, Moore, R, Morton, D, Nepogodiev, D, Ntirenganya, F, Pata, F, Pinkney, T, Stephen, R Knight, Catherine, A Shaw, Riinu, Pius, Thomas, M Drake, Lisa, Norman, Adesoji, O Ademuyiwa, Adewale, O Adisa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Sara, W Al-Saqqa, Ibrahim, Al-Slaibi, Aneel, Bhangu, Bruce, M Biccard, Peter, Brocklehurst, Ainhoa, Costas-Chavarri, Kathryn, Chu, Anna, Dare, Muhammed, Elhadi, Cameron, J Fairfield, J Edward Fitzgerald, Dhruv, Ghosh, James, Glasbey, Mark, I van Berge Henegouwen, C Allen Ingabire, J, T Peter Kingham, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Ismaïl, Lawani, Bettina, Lieske, Richard, Lilford, Janet, Martin, Kenneth, A McLean, Rachel, Moore, Dion, Morton, Dmitri, Nepogodiev, Faustin, Ntirenganya, Francesco, Pata, Thomas, Pinkney, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Aya, Riad, Hosni Khairy Salem, Joana, Simões, Richard, Spence, Neil, Smart, Stephen, Tabiri, Hannah, Thomas, Thomas, G Weiser, Malcolm, West, John, Whitaker, Ewen, M Harrison, Arben, Gjata, Maria Marta Modolo, Sebastian, King, Erick, Chan, Sayeda Nazmun Nahar, Ade, Waterman, Dominique, Vervoort, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Bernardo De Azevedo, Ana Gabriela Figueiredo, Manol, Sokolov, Venerand, Barendegere, Gerald, Ekwen, Arnav, Agarwal, Qinyang, Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Kalisya Luc Malemo, Jacques, Bake, Jakov, Mihanovic, Kamila, Kunčarová, Julius, Orhalmi, Hosni, Salem, Jyri, Teras, Aristotelis, Kechagias, Alexis, P Arnaud, Judith, Lindert, Vasileios, Kalles, Maria-Lorena, Aguilera-Arevalo, Gustavo, Recinos, Zsolt, Baranyai, Basant, Kumar, Harish Neelamraju Lakshmi, Sanoop Koshy Zachariah, Philip, Alexander, Sunil Kumar Venkatappa, Pramesh, C, Radhian, Amandito, Christina, Fleming, Luca, Ansaloni, Gianluca, Pellino, Ahmed, M Altibi, Ibrahim, Nour, Intisar, Hamdun, Ali, M Ghellai, Donatas, Venskutonis, Tomas, Poskus, Justas, Zilinskas, Precious, Malemia, Yong Yong Tew, Elaine, Borg, Sarah, Ellul, Fatima Zahraa Wafqui, David, W Borowski, Anne Sophie van Dalen, Cameron, Wells, Harissou, Adamou, Adesoji, Ademuyiwa, Adewale, Adisa, Kjetil, Søreide, Sara Al Saqqa, Osaid, Alser, Haya, Tahboub, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Sebastian Shu Yip, Piotr, Major, António Sampaio Soares, Matei Razvan Bratu, Andrey, Litvin, Armen, Vardanyan, Ahmad, Gudal, Naif, Albati, Jovan, Juloski, Miran, Rems, Sarah, Rayne, Stephanie Van Straten, Yoshan, Moodley, Irene Ortega Vázquez, Jaime, Ruiz-Tovar, Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Sujeewa Priyantha Bandara Thalgaspitiya, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Anmar, Homeida, Yucel, Cengiz, Daniel, Clerc, Muhammad, Alshaar, Hanen, Bouaziz, Yuksel, Altinel, Matthew, Doe, Maryna, Freigofer, Ella, Teasdale, Rakan, Kabariti, Joshua Michael Clements, Stephen Richard Knight, Ahsan, Ashfaq, Ijeoma, Azodo, Gabriela, Wagner, Ivan, Trostchansky, Mayaba, Maimbo, David, Linyama, Helidon, Nina, Amanda, Zeko, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Santiago, Villalobos, Federico, Carballo, Pablo, Farina, Sebastian, Guckenheimer, Marilla, Dickfos, Ankit, Ajmera, Chester, Chong, Ralph, Gourlay, Sikandar, Hussaini, Yi Jia Lee, Adeeb, Majid, Peter, Martin, Rebecca, Miles, Owen James Morris, Jamie, Phua, William, Ridley, Tarunpreet, Saluja, Ryan Renxin Tan, Jen, Teh, Anna, Wells, Bharti, Arora, Qaasim, Dollie, Debbie, Ho, Yanru, Ma, Omattage Mahasha Perera, Anthony, Truong, Amanda Caroline Dawson, Bryan, Lim, Upuli, Pahalawatta, Jacqueline, Phan, Xiao-Ming Sarah Woon-Shoo-Tong, Andrea, Yeoh, Lillian, Charman, Andrew, Drane, Sharon, Laura, Charmaine Chu Wen Lo, Amy, Mozes, Rita, Poon, Hao Han Tan, Ellen, Wall, Prakshi, Chopra, Jasmine De Giovanni, Bal, Dhital, Brian, Draganic, Alexander, Duller, Jonathan, Gani, Yao Kuan Goh, Jun Young Jeong, Brendan, Mcmanus, Prakash, Nagappan, Peter, Pockney, Anya, Rugendyke, Mahsa, Sarrami, Stephen, Smith, Vanessa, Wills, Hsu Ven Wong, Geoffrey, Ye, Geoffrey, Zhang, Ethan, Brooker, Daniel, Feng, Bonnie, Lau, Carlin, Ngai, Sarah, Birks, David, Gyorki, Jaime Otero de Pablos, Ali, Abbosh, Chris, Gillespie, Ahmed, Mahmoud, Bianca, Kwan, Joshua, Lawson, Andrea, Warwick, Janne, Bingham, Andrew, J Cockbain, Nagendra Naidu Dudi-Venkata, Jordan, Ellaby-Hall, Ben, Finlay, Emily, Humphries, Jade, Pisaniello, Monique, Pisaniello, Salma, Salih, Tarik, Sammour, Haidar Hadri Abd Wahab, April De Silva, Nicola, Hayward, Kartik, Iyer, Guy, Maddern, Gian Andrea Prevost, Naga, Annapureddy, Krishna Pranathi Settipalli, Jeremy, Yeo, Lucy, Hempenstall, Lily, Pham, Shaun, Purcell, Cherry, Talavera, Ashish, I Vaska, Gurpreet, Chaggar, Phillip, Chrapko, Annelise, Cocco, Sarah Michelle Crystal Jade Coulter-Nile, Grahame, Ctercteko, James, French, Houchen, Gong, Martijn, Gosselink, Thuvarahan, Jegathees, Ivan, Jin, Michelle, Kalachov, Kathryn, Kiefhaber, Katherine, Lee, Jason, Luong, Steven, Phan, Henry, Pleass, Kelly, Veale, Zhi, Zeng, Angela, Au, Ashe, Debiasio, Idy, Deng, Jananee, Myooran, Amrita, Nair, Peter, Stewart, Anton, Stift, Lukas Walter Unger, Kerstin, Wimmer, Nabila, Ahmed, Syed, Hasan, Saber, Rahman, Margaret, O'Shea, Greg, Padmore, Adrian, Peters, Pietro, Perduca, Guenda, Pulcina, Nicolas, Tinton, Frederic, Buxant, Elsa, Dabin, Giulia, Garofalo, Francis, Dossou, Freddy Houehanou Rodrigue Gnangnon, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Pako, Motlaleselelo, Omphile, Tlhomelang, Igor Lima Buarque, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Aldo Vieira Barros, Ilia, Batashki, Nikolai, Damianov, Vladislav, Stoyanov, Dragomir, Dardanov, Svilen, Maslyankov, Plamen, Petkov, George, Todorov, Evgeni, Zhivkov, Aygulya, Akisheva, Miguel Angel Castilla Moreno, Geno, Genov, Ivelina, Ilieva, Tsvetomir, Ivanov, Martin, Karamanliev, Azhar, Khan, Emil, Mitkov, Tsanko, Yotsov, Boyko, Atanasov, Nikolay, Belev, Mihail, Slavchev, Carlos, Nsengiyumva, Elgan, Jones, Simon, Stock, Steve, Kyota, James, Brown, Tresor Mabanza, K, Lemery Nigo Samuel, Chidi, Otuneme, Ngwang, Prosper, Franklin, Umenze, Marylise, Boutros, Natasha, Caminsky, Sinziana, Dumitra, Richard, Garfinkle, Dominique, Morency, Ebram, Salama, Alexander, Banks, Lorenzo, Ferri, Haitian, He, Amit, Katz, Alexander Sender Liberman, Sarkis, Meterissian, Allison, Pang, Elena, Parvez, Usmaan, Hameed, Fahima, Osman, Sangita, Sequeira, Natalie, Coburn, Alisha, Jaffer, Paul, Karanicolas, Matthew, Mosseler, Reilly, Musselman, Xinyuan, Liu, Ching Wan Yip, Juan Sebastian Garces-Otero, Carolina, Guzman, Sebastian, Sierra, Andres Uribe Valencia, Paulo Andrés Cabrera Rivera, Saul, Camelo, Andrea, Gonzalez, Alejandro, González-Orozco, Manuel Santiago Mosquera Paz, Carlos J- Perez Rivera, Felipe, Gonzalez, Andres, Isaza-Restrepo, Laura, Nino-Torres, Natalia Arias Madrid, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Justin, Tsandiraki, Damir, Jemendžić, Branislav, Kocman, Oliver, Šuman, Renata, Canic, Darko, Jurišić, Ivana, Karakas, Ana Krizanovic Rupcic, Vlatka, Pitlovic, Josip, Samardžić, Mario, Kopljar, Ivan, Bacic, Edgar, Domini, Robert, Karlo, Danijela, Miljanić, Andrea, Simic, Mariam, Ahmed, Majdi Al Nassrallah, Rabiya, Altaf, Talal, Amjad, Ruba, Eltoum, Heba, Haidar, Alhassan, Hassan, Omar, Khalil, Marwan, Qasem, Rommel, Ramesh, Gautham, Sajith, Maham, Wisal, Jan, Žatecký, Michele, Bujda, Katerina, Jirankova, Ales, Paclik, Aya, Abdallah, Mariam Abdulgawad Almogy, Esraa Ayman El-Sawy, Ahmed Moustafa ElFayoumy, Nourhan, Elghareeb, Nourhan Ahmed Esmat, Ahmed, Fadel, Abdullah, Habater, Heba, Hamdy, Amr, Hefni, Marwa, Kamal, Norhan Mohamed Abobakr, Ahmed, Sayed, Nancy, Shaker, Ehab, Taha, Hoda, Tharwat, Omar, Zakaria, Ibrahem, Abdelmotaleb, Ali, Al-Dhufri, Hamza, S Al-Himyari, Enas El Sheikh, Asmaa, Eldmaty, Aya, Elkhalawy, Ahmed, M Elkhashen, Kithara, Magdy, Safa, Mostafa, Habib Doutoum Sadia, Mohamed Mahmoud Saleh, Dina, Samir, Mohamed Yahia Mohamed Ali, Mahmoud, A Nassar, Samar, Abdelhady, Aly, Abdelrazek, Israa, Abdelsalam, Aya, El-Sawy, Eman, Essam, Mohamed, Gadelkarim, Khaled, Ghaly, Mohamed, Hassabalnaby, Rana, Masarani, Nourhan Mohamed Shaaban, Ahmed, Sabry, Menatalla, Salem, Nourhan Akram Soliman, Diaaaldin, Zahran, Moustafa Ramadan Abou El Soud, Esraa Tarek Badr, Hala, Borham, Nehal, Elmeslemany, Mohammad, Elsayed, Fawzia, Elsherif, Sara, Eslam, Gehad, Gaber, Sondos, Ibrahim, Yara, Kamh, Abdelrahman, Mahmoud, Shimaa Gamal Mohamed, Eman, Morshedy, Cinderella, Omar, Fatima Salem Soliman, Shaza, Abdelkawy, Naglaa, Abdelmohsen, Mahmoud, Abdelshakour, Ahmed, Dahy, Norhan, Gamal, Mohammed, Gamal, Ahmad, Hasan, Helal, Hetta, Nehad, Mousa, Mohamed, Omar, Somia, Rabie, Mahmoud, Saad, Bakeer, Saleh, Marwa Sayed Mohamed, Muhammad, Shawqi, Heba Abdelhady Mousa, Mostafa, Alnoury, Mohamed, Elbealawy, Ahmed, Elshafey, Muhammad Essam Ibrahim El Desouki Muhammad Ahmed, Mennatullah, Ghonaim, Fawzy, Hgag, Mohamed, Ibrahim, Mahmoud, Morsy, Mohamed Reda Loaloa, Ahmed, Refaat, Hadeer, Samir, Fatma, Shahien, Mohamed, Sobhy, Fathy, Sroor, Esraa, Abdellatif, Marina, Adel, Amr Abdelghani Afifi, Eman, Afifi, Marco, Antaky, Amr, Dawoud, Naira El Zoghby, Amira, El-Remaily, Ali Abdelazez Elzanfaly, Ahmed, Gadallah, Fatma Alzahraa Gamal, Omar, Hashem, Shrouk Medhat Youssef, Aliaa Muhammad Attyah, Malak, Munir, Omar, Shazly, Esraa, Taha, Karim, Wilson, Sawsan, Adel, Asmaa, Ali, Esraa, Eid, Esraa, Elhelow, Marwa, Elmahdy, Bassant, Elshatby, Amany Hossam El-Din Zakaria, Ahmad, Hossny, Eman, Ibrahim, Ahmed, M Yonis, Maram, Metwalli, Basant, Yousry, Esraa, Zid, Mina, A Yacoub, Ahmed, Abdelhakim, Nervana, Abouelsoad, Mo'Min, Alkhatib, Ahmed, Ashraf, Alaa, Ashraf, Yasmin, Elazab, Mahmoud, Elfanty, Osama, Elkabir, Mai, Elsayed, Ahmed, Elshimy, Hager, Elsobky, John, Eskander, Ahmed, Gad, Ward, Hamsho, Noura Khaled Abdelwahed, Menna, Magdy, Dalia, Moharam, Abeer, Osama, Shereen, Ramadan, Radwa, Roum, Taqwa, Sayed, Tarneem, Shehada, Ahmed Mohy Zidan, Khalid, Abbas, Amr, Ali, Mohamed, Attia, Mohamed, Balata, Ayman El Nakeeb, Mohamed Ibrahim Elsayed Elewaily, Ahmed, Elfallal, Hossam, Elfeki, Ahmed, Elkhadragy, Sameh, Emile, Helmy, Ezzat, Hasnaa, Hosni, Islam, Mansour, Waleed, Omar, Gehad, Othman, Kareem, Sadek, Mostafa, Shalaby, Noura, Shehab-Eldeen, Rawda Anas Khalifa, Helmy, Badr, Mostafa, Eldeep, Ahmed, Eldeep, Amany Eldoseuky Mohammed, Salwa, Khallaf, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Rokia, Mahmoud, Pola, Mikhail, Mahmoud, Morsi, Sara, Mowafy, Dina, Raafat, Amina, Safy, Marwa, Sera, Ahmed Shible Sera, Mostafa Salim Mohamed AbdAllah, Muhammad, Abdelkader, Abdulrahman Osama Abdou, Ahmedgaber, Ahmed, Shireen, Gaafar, Fatma Ibrahim Negm, Mina, Lapic, Ahmed, Maher, Hagar, Mahmoud, Ahmed, Mostafa, Mohamed, Samir, Fatma, Samy, Nourhan, Semeda, Hind, I Shalaby, Alaa, El-Taweel, Ahmed Galal Elnagar, Ahmed Gamal Hemidan, Mohamed, Hussein, Ahmed, A Kandil, Moawad, Mf, Ayat Allah Nasser Hamamah, Mostafa, Soliman, Mohamed, Abdelkhalek, Noura Abdelmaksoud Tawakel, Ahmed Mohamed Abdelwahed, Alrawy, Abdou, Khalid, Atallah, Mohammed Yasser Elsherbeny, Eman, Emara, Mohamed, Hamdy, Omar, Hamdy, Amira, Haron, Salma, Ismail, Islam Hany Metwally, Nihal Mohamed Hamed Elgaml, Ahmed, Nassar, Basel, Refky, Mirna, Sadek, Mahmoud, Saleh, Asmaa, Yunes, Mai, Zakaria, Mohammed, Zuhdy, Notila, Fayed, Mohammed Mustafa Hassan Mohammed, Sander, Kütner, Priit, Melnik, Indrek, Seire, Toomas, Ümarik, Eppu, Ainoa, Verner, Eerola, Hanna, Koppatz, Laura, Koskenvuo, Ville, Sallinen, Sini, Takala, Jevgeni, Katunin, Arto, Turunen, Niki, Christou, Muriel, Mathonnet, Vincent, Lavoue, Krystel Nyangoh Timoh, Lucie, Soulabaille, Romain, Lesourd, Aude, Merdrignac, Laurent, Sulpice, Benoît, André, Elodie, Chantalat, Charlotte, Vaysse, Bertrand, Dousset, Sebastien, Gaujoux, Gregory, Martin, Octavian, Clonda, Domantas, Juodis, Klaus, Kienle, Andras, Mravik, Samuel, Palmer, Gabor, Szabadhegyi, Anita Eseenam Agbeko, Solomon, Gyabaah, Frank Enoch Gyamfi, Nuhu, Naabo, Atta Owusu Senior, Joseph, Yorke, Frank, Owusu, Francis, Abantanga, Theophilus Teddy Kojo Anyomih, Abdul-Jalilu Mohammed Muntaka, Emmanuel Owusu Abem, Mohammed, Sheriff, Paul, M Wondoh, Dimitrios, Balalis, Dimitrios, Korkolis, Georgios, Gkiokas, Eirini, Pantiora, Theodosios, Theodosopoulos, Argyrios, Ioannidis, Konstantinos, Konstantinidis, Sofia, Konstantinidou, Nikolaos, Machairas, Anna, Paspala, Anastasia, Prodromidou, Christos, Chouliaras, Konstantinos, Papadopoulos, Ioannis, Baloyiannis, Ioannis, Mamaloudis, George, Tzovaras, Ioanna, Akrida, Maria-Ioanna, Argentou, Stylianos, Germanos, Evangelos, Iliopoulos, Ioannis, Maroulis, George, Skroubis, George, Theofanis, Christos, Chatzakis, Orestis, Ioannidis, Lydia, Loutzidou, Panagiotis, Karathanasis, Nikolaos, Michalopoulos, Charalampos, Theodoropoulos, Dimitrios, Theodorou, Tania, Triantafyllou, Zoe, Garoufalia, Natasha, Hasemaki, Michalis, Kontos, Gregory, Kouraklis, Stylianos, Kykalos, Theodore, Liakakos, Eustratia, Mpaili, Alexandros, Papalampros, Dimitrios, Schizas, Athanasios, Syllaios, Ekaterini Christina Tampaki, Antonios, Tsimpoukelis, Maria Ioanna Antonopoulou, Eirini, Deskou, Dimitrios, K Manatakis, Dimitrios, Papageorgiou, Menelaos, Zoulamoglou, Christos, Anthoulakis, Michalis, Margaritis, Nikolaos, Nikoloudis, Veronica, Campo, André, Ceballos, Mario-Andrés, Flores, Waleska, Giron, Donghyun, Ko, Gabriel, Martinez, Verónica Rivera Lara, Nataly, Rueda, Andres, Sanchez, Jorge Carlos Guillermo Tejeda Garrido, Alvaro Eduardo Alvarez Rivera, Elvis Benjamin Bamaca Ixcajoc, Lilian Elizabeth Barreda Zelaya, Patricia, Chacòn-Herrera, Ligia Margarita Corea Ruiz, Guillermo, Echeverria-Davila, Mario, Garcia, Danilo, García, Edgar Fernando Gutiérrez Mayen, Noriega, José, Nery, Mazariegos, Diego, Méndez, Michael Paniagua Espinoza, David, Bardos, Marton, Benke, Kristof, Illes, Balint András Kokas, Réka, Szabó, Akhila, Appukuttan, Anjitha, Asok, D K, Vijaykumar, 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Eray, Eray, Kurnaz, Saygin, Altiner, Mustafa Deniz Tepe, Can, Şahin, Evrim, Savli, Aryon, Innocent, Lilian, Babirye, Andrii, Diachenko, Vladislav, Hordoskiy, Heather, Curry, Charlene Yat Che Chau, Harry, Robertson, Arin, Mahmoud, Hannah, Lennon, Lynette, Loi, Emily, Kirkham, Cameron, Mccann, Daniel, Watts, Binay, Gurung, Michael, Wilson, Thomas, Tribedi, Eleonora, Garofalo, Baryab, Zahra, Scott, Macdonald, Ian, Daniels, Nathan, Ng, Shivun, Khosla, James, Olivier, Sum Yu Pansy Yue, Gayathri, Suresh, Jack, Wellington, Emmanuel, Lorejo, Mafdi, Mossaad, Madison, Crutcher, Marjan, Alimi, Ioana, Baiu, Hossam, Abdou, Alison, Conway, Connor, Peck, Mauro Andres Perdomo Perez, Stanley, Zulu, Mildred, Nakazwe, Sule, Burger, Justine, Davies, Rachel, Donaldson, Chikwendu, Ede, O James Garden, Chiapo, Lesetedi, Charles, Mabedi, Laura, Magill, Felix Makinde Alakaloko, Alex, Makupe, Mark, Monahan, Soloman, Mulira, Elmi, Muller, Jospeh, Musowoyo, Jean Léon Olory-Togbe, Tracey, Roberts, Martin, Smith, Viki, Tayler, John, Windsor, Raul, Yepez, Sudha, Sundar, Emmy, Runigamugabo, Azmina, Verjee, José, Chen, Leonid, Daya, Nouhaila El Aroussi, Valeria, Farina, Tchianze Gnintedeme Olivier, Mauricio Gonzales Nacarino, Aamr, Hammani, Sarah, Honjo, Rebecca, Jacobs, Hitomi, Kimura, Mugisha, Nkoronko, Jasson Javier Oscullo Yepez, Wei Pin Hung, Ankit, Raj, Alina Romani Pozo, Muna, Rommaneh, Samuel Chimbioputo Sassamela Fabiano, Camila Milagros Shiroma Gago, Abhishekh, Srinivas, Chia-Yen, Sung, Aswan, Tai, Yener Cristyell Valle Aranda, Sara, Venturini, Jean Wilguens Lartigue, Abhinav, Tiwari, Andreas, Karwath, Dawson, Brett E., Chetan, Khatri, Daoud, Chaudhry, Elizabeth, Li, Ella, J Marson, Taylor, Elliott H., Georgios, Gkoutos, Harvinder, Mann, Trout, Isobel M., James, C Glasbey, Keatley, James M., Mclean, Kenneth A., Kwabena, Siaw-Acheampong, Laura, Bravo, Leah, Argus, Luke, Slater, Maria, Picciochi, Mary, Venn, Omar, M Omar, Gujjuri, Rohan R., Kamarajah, Sivesh K., Victor Roth Cardoso, 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Albashir Masoud Farag, Abdulwahab Abdalei, Abu Baker Abdel Malik, Areej Abo-Khammash, Ma'aly Abuhlaiga, Nour Adnan, Marwa Albaggar, Asma Alfitory, Asma Aljanfi, Fakhruddin Almuzghi, Zohoor Altumei, Fatima Alzabti, Hana Ashoushan, Mohamed Assalhi, Joma Azzubia, Sondos Bnhameida, Malik Delhen, Houssein Elshafei, Hana Elteir, Fatima Esbaga, Abdel Aziz Gobbi, Fatma Hamouda, Hamdan Hilan, Rania Ismail, Fieruz Jebran, Muataz Kasbour, Galia Maderi, Saja Mohammad, Burooj Mohammed, Habib Murtadi, Hamassat Mustafa, Mohamed Rajab, Sarah Trenba, Mariam Wafaa, Eman Al Sagheir, Alabas Almigheerbi, Ahmed Alzahaf, Sumayyah Ghayth Bahroun, Najah Ben Dallah, Mahmoud Elshaibani, Haitem Eswaye, Maha Karar, Samah Omar, Eman Younes, Maha Younes, Dafer Zreeg, Saleh Abujamra, Firas Ashour, Mala Elgammudi, Wesal Omar F Aljadidi, Enas Saddouh, Randa Sharif, Aya Alabuzidi, AbdulMawlay Alwerfally, Sarra Aribi, Fatma Bibas, Taha Elfaituri, Yasmine Elhajjaji, Ala Khaled, Wegdan Khalil, Tesneem Layas, Enas Soula, Ahmed Tarek, Muad Fathi Khalleefah Abu Hallalah, Saleh Abujamra, Hazem Abdelkarem Ahmed, Tagwa Alsharef, Abdulsalam Ali Ben Saoud, Tasnim El Gharmoul, Ahmed Elhadi, Safa Elrais, Abdulhalim Shebani, Heba Zarti, Asaid Zeiton, Marijus Ambrazevicius, Nerijus Kaselis, Migle Stakyte, Oleg Aliosin, Agne Cizauskaite, Sarunas Dailidenas, Vitalijus Eismontas, Migle Kybransiene, Vitalija Nutautiene, Narimantas Samalavicius, Dainius Simcikas, Algirdas Slepavicius, Albinas Tamosiunas, Nerijus Ubartas, Paulius Zeromskas, Saulius Bradulskis, Edvinas Dainius, Juozas Juočas, Egle Kubiliute, Juozas Kutkevičius, Aurimas Opolskis, Audrius Parseliunas, Andrejus Subocius, Donatas Venskutonis, Egle Virbickaite, Diana Zuikyte, Algirdas Bogusevicius, Kristina Buzaite, Daiva Čepuliené, Ieva Cesleviciene, Vaidotas Cesna, Jolanta Gribauskaite, Povilas Ignatavicius, Mantas Jokubauskas, Monika Liugailaitè, Ernest Margelis, Ruta Mazelyte, Lina Pankratjevaitè, Matas Pažusis, Agne Rackeviciute, Justina Saladyte, Monika Škimelytè, Vygintas Šlenfuktas, Monika Sudeikyte, Algimantas Tamelis, Tomas Vanagas, Žygimantas Žumbakys, Aivaras Atkociunas, Audrius Dulskas, Justas Kuliavas, Justas Birutis, Sigitas Paškevičius, Mindaugas Šatkauskas, Donatas Danys, Matas Jakubauskas, Lina Jakubauskiene, Marius Kryzauskas, Vytautas Lipnickas, Gabija Makūnaitè, Fanjandrainy Rasoaherinomenjanahary, Herizo Rasolofonarivo, Luc Hervé Samison, Bitiel Banda, Precious Malemia, Vanessa Msosa, Ahmad Imran Ahmad Izzuddin, Andre Das, Ying Yee Gan, Tan Shong Sheng, Jia Yng Siaw, Mohd Fadliyazid Ab Rahim, Dyg Zahratul Hamrak Abang Jamari, Nurfariza Che Husin, Muhd Yusairi Kamarulzaman, Yi Ping Lim, Nil Amri Mohamed Kamil, Mohd Razeen Mohd Hassan, Saidah Mohd Sahid, Johari Mustafa, Elaine Hui Been Ng, Wan Khamizar Wan Khazim, Ng Chang Ern, P G Lingeshan, Syariz Ezuan Sulaiman, Sue Ean Ang, Muhammad Navid Bin Mohamad Sithik, Yih Jeng Cheong, Mahadevan Deva Tata, Law Jia Xian, Aravinthan Kadravello, I-Ern Koh, Li-Yen Ng, Yuki Julius Ng We Yong, Kandasami Palayan, Chi Xuan Sam, Phuah Siow Jin, Jeremy Tan Ern Hwei, Yita Tang, Alvin Zubin Ter, Michael Pak-Kai Wong, Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria, Zaidi Zakaria, Fitjerald Henry, Thyivya Kalaiselvan, Muhammad Fairuz Shah Abd Karim, Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz, Nora Abdul Aziz, Tak Loon Khong, Peng Choong Lau, Hiong Chin Lim, April Camilla Roslani, Jonathan Chen Ken Seak, Sui-Weng Wong, Lai Fen Wong, Leow Yeen Chin, Mercy Chinemerem Anyanwu, Elaine Borg, Zachary Busuttil, Thomas Calleja, Kurt Lee Chircop, Ruth Cutajar, Andrew Michael Dimech, Sarah Ellul, Joseph Galea, Kiara Gascon Perai, Ruth Gatt, Lisa Kelman, Elizabeth Micallef, Favour Nwolu, Kim Sammut, Joanna Thompson, Sean Warwicker, Matthew Zammit, Fernando Cordera, Efraín Cruz González, Jorge Sánchez-García, Francisco José Barbosa Camacho, Francisco Javier Barrera López, Carlos Jose Zuloaga Fernandez Del Valle, Eric Acosta, Iván Romarico González Espinoza, Perla Moreno, Ana Olivia Cortes-Flores, Clotilde Fuentes Orozco, Alejandro Gonzalez Ojeda, Samantha Corro Díaz González, Laura Martinez, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Bonifacio Mosqueda Amador, Armando Novoa, Dennet Arturo Olazo Espejo, Alejandro Jimenez, Federico Lopez Rosales, Elva Gabriela Vanoye, Luis Alberto Garcia Gonzalez, Roberto Carlos Miranda-Ackerman, Manuel Solano-Genesta, Alethia Alvarez-Cano, Hector Hugo Romero-Garza, Heriberto Medina-Franco, Lorelí Mejía-Fernández, Noel Salgado-Nesme, Omar Vergara-Fernandez, Guadalupe Montserrat Gutiérrez-Mota, Francisco Xavier Hernandez Vera, Anabella Llantada Lopez, Gilberto Morgan Villela, Felipe de Jesus Ramirez Padilla, Walezka Tapia Marin, Mónica Martínez Maldonado, Ramses Sánchez Suárez, José Manuel Troche, Chaymae Benyaiche, Oumaima Outani, Souadka Amine, Amine Benkabbou, Anass Mohammed Majbar, Raouf Mohsine, Ali Rafik, Thida Oung, Moe Moe Tin, David W Borowski, Philipp Plarre, David W Borowski, Philipp Plarre, Anna Alberga, Nina Sluiter, Jurriaan Tuynman, Robin Blok, Didem Cömert, Roel Hompes, Marianne Kalff, Merel Elisabeth Stellingwerf, Pieter Tanis, Mark van Berge Henegouwen, Elise Maria van Praag, Daan Wisselink, Michael Gerhards, Josephine Lopes Cardozo, Emma Westerduin, Joske de Jonge, Aaw van Geloven, Kaz van Schilt, Frank den Boer, Simone Stoots, Stijn Vlek, Jamie Adams, Ibrahim S Al-Busaidi, Gabrielle Budd, Seung Il Choi, Michael Jen Jie Chu, Anurag Ganugapati, Lucy McKinstry, Rebecca Pascoe, Simon Richards, Kenrick Rosser, Annie Stevenson, Rebecca White, Shebani Farik, Jin Kwun, Ahmed Murad, Sarah Cowan, Timothy Hall, Michael Hayton, Laminou Malam Sani, Souleymane Oumarou Garba, Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Halima Aliyu, Muhammad Daniyan, Tunde T Sholadoye, Lawal Abdullahi, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Aminu Mohammad Mohammad, Abubakar Bala Muhammad, Abdurrahman Abba Sheshe, Ibrahim Suleiman, Alaba Adesina, Ajibola Awolowo, Clement Onuoha, Omotayo Salami, Ogechukwu Taiwo, Agboola Taiwo, Stephen Kache, Jerry Godfrey Makama, Danjuma Sale, Olajide Abiola, Akinlabi Ajao, Anthony Ajiboye, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Julius Olaogun, Ademola Adebanjo, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Michael Olatunji Afolayan, Olanrewaju Balogun, Ayomide Makanjuola, Samuel Nwokocha, Rufus Wale Ojewola, Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Adewale Aderounmu, Abdul-Rashid Adesunkanmi, Adewale Adisa, Augustine Agbakwuru, Adeleke Akeem Aderogba, Olusegun Isaac Alatise, Olukayode Arowolo, Oladejo Lawal, Tajudeen Mohammed, Chinedu Ndegbu, Olalekan Olasehinde, Funmilola Wuraola, Akinbolaji Akinkuolie, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Arinzechukwu Mosanya, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Peter Elemile, Taiwo Akeem Lawal, Samuel Ali Sani, Stephen Garba, Rebecca Hauwa Sani, Samson Olori, Henry Onyebuashi, Ifeanyi Umoke, Adedire Adenuga, Ademola Adeyeye, Olufemi Habeeb, Bashir Lawal, Abdulrasheed Nasir, Eirik Kjus Aahlin, Didrik Kjønås, Elisabeth Myrseth, Jibran Abbasy, Abdul Alvi, Omair Saleem, Asma Afzal, Anam Nazir, Muhammad Farooq, Ayesha Liaqat, Syed Asghar Naqi, Ali Raza, Muzna Sarfraz, Muhammad Sarwar, Muntaha Banglani, Ambreen Munir, Rahmat Sehrish, Bushra Ayub, Raza Sayyed, Amna Altaf, Saima Ayub, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Komal Saeed, Bilal Syed, Sana Amir Akbar, Abdul Wahid Anwer, Ruqayya Naheed Khan, Amina Iqbal Khan, Shahid Khattak, Sameen Mohtasham, Muhammad Asad Parvaiz, Aamir Ali Syed, Abdul Basit Ansari, Noman Shahzad, Tanwir Khaliq, Isbah Rashid, Shahzad Hussain Waqar, Hasan Abu Al-Saleem, Amjad Abu Alqumboz, Mohammad Alqadi, Adham Amro, Rawan Assa, Eman Awesat, Rawan Ayyad, Mohammed Hammad, Ayat Haymony, Bassel Hijazi, Bara Hmeidat, Rowaa Lahaseh, Aseel Qawasmi, Alaa Rajabi, Mohammed Shehada, Sundus Shkokani, Yasmine Yaghi, Nadine Yaghi, Mohammad AlZohour, Mohammad Farid, Yousef Mahmoud Habes, Wesam Juba, Yanal Nubani, Abdelrahman Rabee, Mohammad Sa'deh, Saeed Abed, Iyad Al Basos, Mohammad Alswerki, Dina Ashour, Israa Awad, Samar Diab, Alaa El Jamassi, Sahar El-Kahlout, Somaya Elhout, Ahmed N K Hajjaj, Doaa Hasanain, Baraa Nabil Hajjaj, Mohammed Obaid, Eman Saikaly, Ahmed Salhi, Hiba Al-Tammam, Murad Almasri, Muath Baniowda, Doha Beshtawi, Ali Horoub, Rami Misk, Bayan Mohammad, Rami Qasrawi, Tasnim Sholi, Samar Abu-Nimeh, Abrar Abu-Srour, Sadi A Abukhalaf, Samer Adawi, Barah Alsalameh, Kholoud Ayesh, Muawiyah Elqadi, Ahmad Hammouri, Fatima Karim Mustafa, Natalie Marzouqa, Shatha Melhem, Dima Miqdad, Balqees Mohamad, Mhammed Rawhi, Ayman B Abu Ahammala, Ahmed Abu Ataya, Israa Abu Jayyab, Samar Al-Shwaikh, Othman Alagha, Mohammed Alasttal, Haneen Awadallah, Mahmood Elblbessy, Jehad Fares, Akram Jarbou, Ibtisam Mahfouz, Moath A Albahnasawi, Asmaa' Abo Mahadi, Hasan Abuelhatal, Ayham Abuelqomboz, Abdelrahman Almoqayyad, Abdallah Alwali, Reem Balaawi, Mahmoud Hamouda, Mohammed Humeid, Abdullah Jedyan, Tasneem Mahmoud Abu Hamam, Ghadeer Matar, Ali Salem, Tahani Samra, Nureddin Shaheen, Karam Shihada, Ayoob A Nemer, Mahmoud Abu Al Amrain, Abdulwhhab Abu Alamrain, Najlaa Abu Jamie, Mohammed R Abu-Rous, Nada Alfarra, Mohammed AlTaweel, Noor Alwhaidi, Ramadan Hamed, Bader Saqqa, Ahmad Shaheen, Dana Aljaber, Loay Aljaberi, Malak Alwaheidi, Assef Jawaada, Hani Khaldi, Rami Qahoush, Jalil Qari, Rana Saadeh, Ahlam Salim, Aseel Yacoub, Abbas Abbas, Rana Abu Shua'ib, Baraa Abu Zainah, Mahmoud AbuSirrees, Basheer Babaa, Ola Barhoush, Asef Belal Qadomi, Laith Daraghmeh, Reema Haji, Alaa Khatatbeh, Lana Khatib, Salsabeel Qarariah, Yara Quzmar, Khalil Safadi, Roqaya Salameh, Mohammad Hassan, Shifaa Herzallah, Loai Massad, Ahmed Nazzal, Ranin Nazzal, Dennis Escobar, Gustavo Miguel Machain V, Agustin Rodriguez Gonzalez, Jorge Emerson Chachaima Mar, Nathaly Olga Chinchihualpa Paredes, Vicente Cuba, Walter Lopez, Maria Milagros Niquen Jimenez, Nestor Alberto Sanchez Bartra, Olenka Sapallanay Ojeda, Diego Sequeiros, Andrea Toscano Pacheco, María Vergara, Sol Abarca, Rodrigo Alcorta, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ivan Edward Eusebio Zegarra, Claudia Luján López, Mirella Marrufo, Cinthya Mogrovejo, Andrea Nomura, Yamile Rodríguez Angeles, Maitza Rosario Vidal Meza, Gabriela Zavala, José Neiser Castillo Arrascue, Jomara Caroline Hidrogo Cabrera, José Julio Mariano Larrea Vera, Miguel Osorio, Edgar Alcides Ylatoma Díaz, Mark Anthony Fontanilla, Joseph Roy Fuentes, Anna Leah Salazar, Genieve Dominguez, Marc Paul Lopez, Shiela Macalindong, Mark Augustine Onglao, Arjel Ramirez, Marie Dione Sacdalan, Mayou Martin Tampo, Gemma Leonora Uy, Jeremiah Mangahas, Kenneth Yabut, Joannes Paul Cañete, Bernalynn Eris Cansana, Ernes John Castro, Maria Kaiserin Lipana, Manuel Francisco Roxas, Vlu Jean Zara, Maciej Chroł, Paula Franczak, Michał Orłowski, Piotr Budzyński, Andrzej Budzyński, Pawel Bury, Agata Czerwińska, Jadwiga Dworak, Jacek Dziedzic, Michał Kisielewski, Jan Kulawik, Anna Lasek, Piotr Major, Piotr Małczak, Marcin Migaczewski, Michał Pędziwiatr, Magdalena Pisarska, Dorota Radkowiak, Mateusz Rubinkiewicz, Anna Rzepa, Tomasz Skoczylas, Maciej Stanek, Katarzyna Truszkiewicz, Mateusz Wierdak, Marek Winiarski, Piotr Zarzycki, Anna Zub-Pokrowiecka, Piotr Kowalewski, Rafał Roszkowski, Maciej Walędziak, Miguel Tomé, Sara Patrocinio, Ines Guerreiro, Filipe Almeida, Xavier de Sousa, Nuno Monteiro, Maria Teresa Costa Santos, Daniela de Oliveira, Marta Lopes Serra, Daniela Morgado, Christian Neves, Ana Carolina Oliveira, Alice Pimentel, Sofia Silva, Márcia Carvalho, Lúcia Carvalho, Joana Magalhães, Leonor Matos, Tânia Monteiro, Carlota Ramos, Vanessa Santos, José Barbosa, Jose Costa-Maia, Vítor Devezas, Ana Fareleira, Cristina Fernandes, Diana Gonçalves, Henrique Mora, Marina Morais, Fabiana Silva de Sousa, Sara Catarino Santos, Ana Logrado, André Tojal, Edgar Amorim, Miguel F Cunha, Ana Fazenda, João Pedro Melo Neves, Inês Isabel Sampaio da Nóvoa Gomes Miguel, Diogo Veiga, José Azevedo, Hugo Cardoso Louro, Mariana Leite, José Azevedo, Maria Bairos Menezes, Bárbara Gama, Diana Brito, Marta Cristina Cruz Martins, André Graça E Magalhães, Ana Catarina Longras, Rita Lourenço, Diana Matos, Luis Castro, Filipa Policarpo, Joana Romano, Mariana Leite, Cristina Monteiro, Diogo Pinto, Marina Duarte, Sónia Fortuna Martins, Mariline Oliveira, Diogo Galvão, Lisandra Martins, Anaisa Silva, Viorel Taranu, Bárbara Vieira, Jessica Neves, Simone Oliveira, Hugo Ribeiro, Margarida Cinza, Rosa Felix, Arnaldo Machado, Joana Oliveira, Joana Patrício, Rita Pedroso de Lima, Mário Pereira, Miguel Rocha Melo, Cristina Velez, Alberto Abreu da Silva, Mariana Claro, Daniel Costa Santos, Andreia Ferreira, Hugo Capote, Daniela Rosado, Filipa Taré, Oriana Nogueira, Miguel Ângelo, José Miguel Baiao, Andreia Guimarães, João Marques, Miguel Nico Albano, Marta Silva, Ana Valente da Costa, Teresa Vieira Caroço, Sara Almeida Braga, Ines Capunge, Marta Fragoso, João Guimarães, Bruno Pinto, João Ribeiro, Miguel Angel, Guilherme Fialho, Monica Guerrero, Filipa Campos Costa, Diogo Cardoso, Vasco Cardoso, Magda Alves, Inês Estalagem, Tiago Louro, Cláudia Marques, Rita Martelo, Miguel Morgado, Rita Canotilho, Ana Margarida Correia, Pedro 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Noor, Reantha Pillay, Leandi Steynfaardt, Lucía González González, José Miguel Marín Santos, Paula Martín-Borregón, Javier Martínez Caballero, Cristina Nevado García, Pastora Rodriguez Fraga, Gonzalo De Castro Parga, Maria Pilar Fernández Veiga, Lucía Garrido López, Hugo Infante Pino, Irene Lages Cal, Marta López Otero, Manuel Nogueira Sixto, Marta Paniagua García Señorans, Laura Rodríguez Fernández, Alejandro Ruano Poblador, Erika Rufo Crespo, Raquel Sanchez-Santos, Vincenzo Vigorita, Ester Alonso Batanero, Dorisme Asnel, Isabel Cifrian Canales, Elisa Contreras Saiz, Irene De Santiago Alvarez, Tamara Díaz Vico, Sebastian Fernandez Arias, Daniel Fernández Martínez, Carmen García Bernardo, Luis Joaquín García Flórez, Carmen Garcia Gutierrez, Manuel García Munar, Carlos Alberto Márquez Zorrilla Molina, Marta Merayo, José Luis Michi Campos, Maria Moreno Gijon, Jorge L Otero-Diez, Jose Luis Rodicio Miravalles, Lorena Solar-Garcia, Aida Suárez Sánchez, Nuria Truan, Cristina Alejandre 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A., De Silva, K., Ekpete, O., Haque, S., Henderson, S., Ibrahim, B., Jayasinghe, T., Livie, J., Mailley, K., Nair, G., Tan, D., Baggaley, C., Dawidziuk, A., Szyszka, B., Barter, C., Gandhi, N., Hassell, K., Hitchin, S., Kelsall, J., Nagy, E., Nessa, A., Whisker, L., Yanni, F., Ali, M., Arora, D., Hediwattege, S., Kumarasinghe, N., Rathore, M., Tennakoon, A., Ali Ahmad, S. M., Bajomo, O., Nadira, F., Celentano, V., Griffiths, E., Karri, R. S., Mak, J. K. C., Pipe, M., Bhatti, M. I., Rabie, M., Boyle, C., Hamilton, D., Mihuna, A., Ng, J. C. K., Nicholson, G., Oliwa, A., Pearson, R., Rose, A., Yong, S. Q., Boereboom, C., Hanna, M., Walter, C., Greensmith, T. 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A., Braccio, B., Al-Taher, R., Athamneh, S., Parker, A., Sawiee, A., Kattia, A., Tababa, O., Shaeeb, Z., Syminas, V., Jurgaitis, J., Damuleviciene, G., Svagzdys, S., Razafimanjato, N. N. M., Chieng Loo, L., Tiong, I. C., Wan Muhmad, W. F., Vijeyan, H., Li Ying, T., Grech, G., Arrangoiz, R., Jimenez Ley, V. B., Arizpe, D., Lagunes Lara, E., Castro Lopez, E. V., Eaazim, J., Gordinou de Gouberville, M., Bastiaenen, V., Rottier, S., Nahab, F., Ji, M. Y., Seyoji, M., Nwachukwu, C., Emeghara, O., Muhammed, S. E., Idowu, A., Sowemimo, O., Ogundoyin, O., Akande, O., Lott, A., Nadeem, M., Laghari, A. A., Loya, A., Mushtaq, H., Abdullah, M. T., Abuhilal, B., Atawneh, M., Hamdan, H., Alhabil, B., Srour, A., Mousa, I., Da Silva Medina, L., Bartosiak, K., Ferreira, P., Francisco, V., Lemos, R., Frutuoso, L., Fernandes, S., Fonseca, T., Pereira, J., Rachadell, J., Torre, A., Madeira Martins, F., Carvalho, A. 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C., Robertson, H., Lennon, H., Loi, L., Kirkham, E., Mccann, C., Watts, D., Gurung, B., Wilson, M., Tribedi, T., Garofalo, E., Zahra, B., Macdonald, S., Daniels, I., Ng, N., Khosla, S., Olivier, J., Yue, S. Y. P., Suresh, G., Wellington, J., Lorejo, E., Mossaad, M., Crutcher, M., Alimi, M., Baiu, I., Abdou, H., Conway, A., Peck, C., Perdomo Perez, M. A., Zulu, S., Nakazwe, M., Burger, S., Davies, J., Donaldson, R., Ede, C., Garden, O. J., Lesetedi, C., Mabedi, C., Magill, L., Makinde Alakaloko, F., Makupe, A., Monahan, M., Mulira, S., Muller, E., Musowoyo, J., Olory-Togbe, J. L., Roberts, T., Smith, M., Tayler, V., Windsor, J., Yepez, R., Sundar, S., Runigamugabo, E., Verjee, A., Chen, J., Daya, L., El Aroussi, N., Farina, V., Gnintedeme Olivier, T., Gonzales Nacarino, M., Hammani, A., Honjo, S., Jacobs, R., Kimura, H., Nkoronko, M., Oscullo Yepez, J. J., Pin Hung, W., Raj, A., Romani Pozo, A., Rommaneh, M., Sassamela Fabiano, S. C., Shiroma Gago, C. M., Srinivas, A., Sung, C. -Y., Tai, A., Valle Aranda, Y. C., Venturini, S., Wilguens Lartigue, J., Public and occupational health, AMS - Sports, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Cancer Center Amsterdam, and Albarella, Sara
Subjects: global surgery, hospitals, humans, income, neoplasms, postoperative period, poverty, prospective studies, no keywords listed, General Medicine, Prospective Studie, Hospital, Settore MED/18 - Chirurgia Generale, outcome, Hospitals, Humans, Income, Neoplasms, surgery, Postoperative Period, Poverty, Prospective Studies, cancer surgery, Human, hospital facilities
Abstract: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p
Published: 2022
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