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Mindfulness has been described as an inherent human capability that can be learned and trained, and its improvement has been associated with better health outcomes in both medicine and psychology. Although the role of practice is central to most mindfulness programs, practice-related improvements in mindfulness skills is not consistently reported and little is known about how the characteristics of meditative practice affect different components of mindfulness. the present study explores the role of practice parameters on self-reported mindfulness skills. A total of 670 voluntary participants with and without previous meditation experience (n = 384 and n = 286, respectively) responded to an internet-based survey on various aspects of their meditative practice (type of meditation, length of session, frequency, and lifetime practice). Participants also completed the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Experiences Questionnaire (EQ). the group with meditation experience obtained significantly higher scores on all facets of FFMQ and EQ questionnaires compared to the group without experience. However different effect sizes were observed, with stronger effects for the Observing and Non-Reactivity facets of the FFMQ, moderate effects for Decentering in EQ, and a weak effect for Non-judging, Describing, and Acting with awareness on the FFMQ. Our results indicate that not all practice variables are equally relevant in terms of developing mindfulness skills. Frequency and lifetime practice - but not session length or meditation type - were associated with higher mindfulness skills. Given that these 6 mindfulness aspects show variable sensitivity to practice, we created a composite index (MINDSENS) consisting of those items from FFMQ and EQ that showed the strongest response to practice. the MINDSENS index was able to correctly discriminate daily meditators from non-meditators in 82.3% of cases. These findings may contribute to the understanding of the development of mindfulness skills and support trainers and researchers in improving mindfulness-oriented practices and programs. Hosp Santa Creu St Pau, Dept Psychiat, Barcelona, Spain Univ Autonoma Barcelona, CIBERSAM, IIB ST PAU, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain Ciber Fisiopatol Obesidad Nutr CIBERO, Santiago de Compostela, Spain Univ Jaume 1, Dept Psicol Basica Clin Psicobiol, Castellon de La Plana, Spain Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Prevent Med, Mente Aberta Brazilian Ctr Mindfulness & Hlth Pro, São Paulo, Brazil Univ Valencia, Dept Personalitat Avaluacio Tractaments Psicol, Valencia, Spain Miguel Servet Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Zaragoza, Spain Univ Zaragoza, Inst Aragones Ciencias Salud, REDIAPP, Zaragoza, Spain Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Prevent Med, Mente Aberta Brazilian Ctr Mindfulness & Hlth Pro, São Paulo, Brazil Web of Science

We present a new approach for estimating the 3.6 mu m stellar mass-to-light (M/L) ratio Rho 3.6 in terms of the [3.6]-[4.5] colors of old stellar populations. Our approach avoids several of the largest sources of uncertainty in existing techniques using population synthesis models. By focusing on mid-IR wavelengths, we gain a virtually dust extinction-free tracer of the old stars, avoiding the need to adopt a dust model to correctly interpret optical or optical/near-IR colors normally leveraged to assign the mass-to-light ratio.. By calibrating a new relation between near-IR and mid-IR colors of giant stars observed in GLIMPSE we also avoid the discrepancies in model predictions for the [3.6]-[4.5] colors of old stellar populations due to uncertainties in the molecular line opacities assumed in template spectra. We find that the [3.6]-[4.5] color, which is driven primarily by metallicity, provides a tight constraint on.3.6, which varies intrinsically less than at optical wavelengths. The uncertainty on.3.6 of similar to 0.07 dex due to unconstrained age variations marks a significant improvement on existing techniques for estimating the stellar M/L with shorter wavelength data. A single.3.6 = 0.6 (assuming a Chabrier initial mass function (IMF)), independent of [3.6]-[4.5] color, is also feasible because it can be applied simultaneously to old, metal-rich and young, metal-poor populations, and still with comparable (or better) accuracy (similar to 0.1 dex) than alternatives. We expect our.3.6 to be optimal formapping the stellarmass distributions in S(4)G galaxies, for which we have developed an independent component analysis technique to first isolate the old stellar light at 3.6 mu m from nonstellar emission (e. g., hot dust and the 3.3 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon feature). Our estimate can also be used to determine the fractional contribution of nonstellar emission to global (rest-frame) 3.6 mu m fluxes, e.g., in WISE imaging, and establishes a reliable basis for exploring variations in the stellar IMF.

Documento de registro personal de prácticas clínicas para los estudiantes de Grado en Enfermería de la Universidad de Cádiz., Documento de registro de prácticas clínicas para los estudiantes de Grado en Enfermería. Basado en el aprendizaje reflexivo. El documento es único para todo el practicum, de manera que el estudiante va cumplimentándolo y realizando las actividades solicitadas en cada curso. Incluye un apartado de requisitos, recomendaciones y normas y el listado de actividades y tareas a realizar por cada curso académico. Además introduce en cada bloque de actividades, un apartado para la reflexión personal del estudiante., Documento de 36 páginas, en formato word.

We have analyzed the radial distribution of old stars in a sample of 218 nearby face-on disks, using deep 3.6 mu m images from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies. In particular, we have studied the structural properties of those disks with a broken or down-bending profile. We find that, on average, disks with a genuine single-exponential profile have a scale length and a central surface brightness which are intermediate to those of the inner and outer components of a down-bending disk with the same total stellar mass. In the particular case of barred galaxies, the ratio between the break and the bar radii (R-br/R-bar) depends strongly on the total stellar mass of the galaxy. For galaxies more massive than 10(10) M-circle dot, the distribution is bimodal, peaking at R-br/R-bar similar to 2 and similar to 3.5. The first peak, which is the most populated one, is linked to the outer Lindblad resonance of the bar, whereas the second one is consistent with a dynamical coupling between the bar and the spiral pattern. For galaxies below 10(10) M-circle dot, breaks are found up to similar to 10 R-bar, but we show that they could still be caused by resonances given the rising nature of rotation curves in these low-mass disks. While not ruling out star formation thresholds, our results imply that radial stellar migration induced by non-axisymmetric features can be responsible not only for those breaks at similar to 2 R-bar, but also for many of those found at larger radii.

Background: The Borderline Symptom List-23 (BSL-23) is a reliable and valid self-report instrument for assessing Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) severity. The psychometric properties of the original version have proven to be adequate. The aim of the present study was to validate the Spanish language version of the BSL-23. Methods: The BSL-23 was administered to 240 subjects with BPD diagnosis. Factor structure, reliability, test-retest stability, convergent validity, and sensitivity to change were analyzed. Results: The Spanish version of the BSL-23 replicates the one-factor structure of the original version. The scale has high reliability (Cronbach's alpha=.949), as well as good test-retest stability, which was checked in a subsample (n=74; r=.734; p

We have performed two-dimensional multicomponent decomposition of 144 local barred spiral galaxies using 3.6 $��{\rm m}$ images from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies. Our model fit includes up to four components (bulge, disk, bar, and a point source) and, most importantly, takes into account disk breaks. We find that ignoring the disk break and using a single disk scale length in the model fit for Type II (down-bending) disk galaxies can lead to differences of 40% in the disk scale length, 10% in bulge-to-total luminosity ratio (B/T), and 25% in bar-to-total luminosity ratios. We find that for galaxies with B/T $\geq$ 0.1, the break radius to bar radius, $r_{\rm br}/R_{\rm bar}$, varies between 1 and 3, but as a function of B/T the ratio remains roughly constant. This suggests that in bulge-dominated galaxies the disk break is likely related to the outer Lindblad Resonance (OLR) of the bar, and thus moves outwards as the bar grows. For galaxies with small bulges, B/T $, Accepted for publication in ApJ, 21 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables

FUNDAMENTO: A estimulação endocárdica convencional do ventrículo direito (VD) ocasiona alargamento do QRS e dessincronização do miocárdio, comprometendo a função ventricular. Com a necessidade de estimulação menos deletéria, a estimulação septal do VD tem sido mais utilizada. Eventualmente têm sido relatados limiares mais altos e ondas R menores na estimulação septal. OBJETIVO: Comparar os parâmetros das estimulações apical e septal, intrapaciente, para verificar se existem diferenças que possam interferir na escolha do ponto de estimulação. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo controlado. Foram incluídos 25 pacientes, com 67,2 ± 9 anos, 10 (40%) mulheres, com indicações de marca-passo por bradiarritmias. Etiologias foram degenerativa em nove (36%), coronariopatia em oito (32%), doença de Chagas em sete (28%), e valvopatia em um (4%) pacientes. Foram utilizados eletrodos de fixação ativa e avaliados os limiares de comando, impedância e onda R uni e bipolares no implante e após seis meses. RESULTADOS: A média aguda dos limiares de comando, ondas R e impedâncias unipolares/bipolares septais x apicais foram, respectivamente, 0,73x0,74V e 0,73x0,78V; 10x9,9 mV e 12,3x12,4 mV; 579x621 Ω e 611x629 Ω. Comparações entre parâmetros septais e apicais com teste t-pareado bicaudal demonstraram um P > 0,1. Após seis meses, a média dos limiares de comando, ondas R e Impedâncias unipolares/ bipolares septais x apicais foram, respectivamente, 0,5 x 0,72 V e 0,71 x 0,87 V; 11,4x9,5 mV e 12x11,2 mV; 423x426Ω e 578x550Ω, com P > 0,05, exceto comparando-se limiar de estimulação unipolar septal com apical unipolar p de 0,02. CONCLUSÃO: Utilizando comparações intrapaciente, não existem diferenças expressivas entre parâmetros eletrofisiológicos de estimulação septal e apical sendo que não há restrições para a escolha da estimulação septal em ventrículo direito.

We examine the effect of circumstellar dust extinction on the near-IR (NIR) contribution of asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars in intermediate-age clusters throughout the disk of M100. For our sample of 17AGB-dominated clusters we extract optical-to-mid-IR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and find that NIR brightness is coupled to the mid-IR dust emission in such a way that a significant reduction of AGB light, of up to 1 mag in the K band, follows from extinction by the dust shell formed during this stage. Since the dust optical depth varies with AGB chemistry (C-rich or O-rich), our results suggest that the contribution of AGB stars to the flux from their host clusters will be closely linked to the metallicity and the progenitor mass of the AGB star, to which dust chemistry and mass-loss rate are sensitive. Our sample of clusters-each the analogue of a similar to 1 Gyr old post-starburst galaxy-has implications within the context of mass and age estimation via SED modeling at high-z: we find that the average similar to 0.5 mag extinction estimated here may be sufficient to reduce the AGB contribution in the (rest-frame) K band from similar to 70%, as predicted in the latest generation of synthesis models, to similar to 35%. Our technique for selecting AGB-dominated clusters in nearby galaxies promises to be effective for discriminating the uncertainties associated with AGB stars in intermediate-age populations that plague age and mass estimation in high-z galaxies.

With the aim of constructing accurate two-dimensional maps of the stellar mass distribution in nearby galaxies from Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies 3.6 and 4.5 mu m images, we report on the separation of the light from old stars from the emission contributed by contaminants. Results for a small sample of six disk galaxies (NGC 1566, NGC 2976, NGC 3031, NGC 3184, NGC 4321, and NGC 5194) with a range of morphological properties, dust content, and star formation histories are presented to demonstrate our approach. To isolate the old stellar light from contaminant emission (e.g., hot dust and the 3.3 mu m polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) feature) in the IRAC 3.6 and 4.5 mu m bands we use an independent component analysis (ICA) technique designed to separate statistically independent source distributions, maximizing the distinction in the [3.6]-[4.5] colors of the sources. The technique also removes emission from evolved red objects with a low mass-to-light ratio, such as asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and red supergiant (RSG) stars, revealing maps of the underlying old distribution of light with [3.6]-[4.5] colors consistent with the colors of K and M giants. The contaminants are studied by comparison with the non-stellar emission imaged at 8 mu m, which is dominated by the broad PAH feature. Using the measured 3.6 mu m/8 mu m ratio to select individual contaminants, we find that hot dust and PAHs together contribute between similar to 5% and 15% to the integrated light at 3.6 mu m, while light from regions dominated by intermediate-age (AGB and RSG) stars accounts for only 1%-5%. Locally, however, the contribution from either contaminant can reach much higher levels; dust contributes on average 22% to the emission in star-forming regions throughout the sample, while intermediate-age stars contribute upward of 50% in localized knots. The removal of these contaminants with ICA leaves maps of the old stellar disk that retain a high degree of structural information and are ideally suited for tracing stellar mass, as will be the focus in a companion paper.

Junta de Andalucía PO7-SEJ-2564 Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia SEJ2007-66487/GEOG

Spiral arm properties of 46 galaxies in the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S(4)G) were measured at 3.6 mu m, where extinction is small and the old stars dominate. The sample includes flocculent, multiple arm, and grand design types with a wide range of Hubble and bar types. We find that most optically flocculent galaxies are also flocculent in the mid-IR because of star formation uncorrelated with stellar density waves, whereas multiple arm and grand design galaxies have underlying stellar waves. Arm-interarm contrasts increase from flocculent to multiple arm to grand design galaxies and with later Hubble types. Structure can be traced further out in the disk than in previous surveys. Some spirals peak at mid-radius while others continuously rise or fall, depending on Hubble and bar type. We find evidence for regular and symmetric modulations of the arm strength in NGC 4321. Bars tend to be long, high amplitude, and flat-profiled in early-type spirals, with arm contrasts that decrease with radius beyond the end of the bar, and they tend to be short, low amplitude, and exponential-profiled in late Hubble types, with arm contrasts that are constant or increase with radius. Longer bars tend to have larger amplitudes and stronger arms.

Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Array Camera imaging provides an opportunity to study all known morphological types of galaxies in the mid-IR at a depth significantly better than ground-based near-infrared and optical images. The goal of this study is to examine the imprint of the de Vaucouleurs classification volume in the 3.6 μm band, which is the best Spitzer waveband for galactic stellar mass morphology owing to its depth and its reddening-free sensitivity mainly to older stars. For this purpose, we have prepared classification images for 207 galaxies from the Spitzer archive, most of which are formally part of the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S^4G), a Spitzer post-cryogenic ("warm") mission Exploration Science Legacy Program survey of 2331 galaxies closer than 40 Mpc. For the purposes of morphology, the galaxies are interpreted as if the images are blue light, the historical waveband for classical galaxy classification studies. We find that 3.6 μm classifications are well correlated with blue-light classifications, to the point where the essential features of many galaxies look very similar in the two very different wavelength regimes. Drastic differences are found only for the most dusty galaxies. Consistent with a previous study by Eskridge et al., the main difference between blue-light and mid-IR types is an ≈1 stage interval difference for S0/a to Sbc or Sc galaxies, which tend to appear "earlier" in type at 3.6 μm due to the slightly increased prominence of the bulge, the reduced effects of extinction, and the reduced (but not completely eliminated) effect of the extreme population I stellar component. We present an atlas of all of the 207 galaxies analyzed here and bring attention to special features or galaxy types, such as nuclear rings, pseudobulges, flocculent spiral galaxies, I0 galaxies, double-stage and double-variety galaxies, and outer rings, that are particularly distinctive in the mid-IR.

El objetivo principal de esta tesis consiste en cuantificar la distribución espacial de las propiedades físicas de las estrellas, el gas y el polvo en galaxias cercanas, dado que son el registro fósil de su evolución pasada. En particular, nos centraremos sobre todo en las variaciones de estas propiedades con la distancia al centro de las galaxias espirales.[ABSTRACT]The main goal of this thesis is to quantify the spatial distribution of the physical properties of stars, gas and dust in nearby galaxies, since they are the fossil record of their past evolution. In particular, we will mostly focus on the variations of these properties with the galactocentric distance in spiral galaxies.

The lntegrated Maritime Policy (IMP) of the EU is included within the new maritime policy initiatives arisen in the last years both in developed and developing countries. This article claims that these initiatives are the response to the new challenges in the oceanic domain. The lMP is the European answer to the new oceanic order. In the global context, the lMP competes with other emerging countries with dynamic economies, whose competitiveness rests on not so rigorous social and environmental standards. On the other hand, this article underlines the importance of maritime policies for security, as they contribute to a better governance of the oceanic domain which, to a great extent, Jalls outside the jurisdiction of the States.

Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) imaging provides an opportunity to study all known morphological types of galaxies in the mid-IR at a depth significantly better than ground-based near-infrared and optical images. The goal of this study is to examine the imprint of the de Vaucouleurs classification volume in the 3.6 micron band, which is the best Spitzer waveband for galactic stellar mass morphology owing to its depth and its reddening-free sensitivity mainly to older stars. For this purpose, we have prepared classification images for 207 galaxies from the Spitzer archive, most of which are formally part of the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S^4G), a Spitzer post-cryogenic ("warm") mission Exploration Science Legacy Program survey of 2,331 galaxies closer than 40 Mpc. For the purposes of morphology, the galaxies are interpreted as if the images are {\it blue light}, the historical waveband for classical galaxy classification studies. We find that 3.6 micron classifications are well-correlated with blue-light classifications, to the point where the essential features of many galaxies look very similar in the two very different wavelength regimes. Drastic differences are found only for the most dusty galaxies. Consistent with a previous study by Eskridge et al. (2002), the main difference between blue light and mid-IR types is an approximately 1 stage interval difference for S0/a to Sbc or Sc galaxies, which tend to appear "earlier" in type at 3.6 microns due to the slightly increased prominence of the bulge, the reduced effects of extinction, and the reduced (but not completely eliminated) effect of the extreme population I stellar component. We present an atlas of all of the 207 galaxies analyzed here, and bring attention to special features or galaxy types that are particularly distinctive in the mid-IR., Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (LaTex, 269 pages + 211 figures, uses aastex.cls); for a higher resolution pdf, see http://bama.ua.edu/~rbuta/s4g/. For the atlas of images and notes only, see http://bama.ua.edu/~rbuta/s4gatlas/

Desde la aprobación de la Ley de los Océanos (1996), Canadá ha sido considerado una referencia internacional en el proceso de construcción de un nuevo paradigma oceánico basado en una visión integrada y omnicompresiva del mar. Su estudio permite contrastar en que medida la descentralización político-territorial se extiende al gobierno de lo marítimo. La aproximación a las problemáticas vinculadas a la gestión federal y provincial de las áreas marinas y a las modalidades con que se están elaborando modelos viables de planificación, puede constituir un aporte valioso para otras iniciativas nacionales. Se sostiene la hipótesis que en un Estado descentralizado, en el cual cabría esperar que la descentralización se extendiese a las cuestiones marinas, se constata cierta reticencia a devolver a las varias unidades político-territoriales los poderes de administración del área oceánica. Esta se constituiría así en el último baluarte de la fortaleza soberana de la autoridad nacional., Since the adoption of its Oceans Act (1996), Canada has been regarded as an international point of reference and the model to adhere to in the new ocean paradigm construction process based on the creation of an integrated and all-embracing vision of the marine environment. Its study Act allows the degree to which political and territorial decentralisation extends to the governance of maritime affairs to be contrasted. Its approach to all the problems surrounding federal and provincial governance of marine areas and the methods being used to devise viable planning models might constitute a valuable contribution for initiatives in other nations. The hypothesis put forward here is that in a decentralised State, where it might be supposed that decentralisation would extend to marine affairs, a certain reticence towards devolving the powers to manage the area of the ocean to the different political and territorial units can be seen to exist. This would therefore be the last bastion of the sovereign fortress of national authority.

Desde la aprobación de la Ley de los Océanos (1996), Canadá ha sido considerado una referencia internacional en el proceso de construcción de un nuevo paradigma oceánico basado en una visión integrada y omnicompresiva del mar. Su estudio permite contrastar en que medida la descentralización político-territorial se extiende al gobierno de lo marítimo. La aproximación a las problemáticas vinculadas a la gestión federal y provincial de las áreas marinas y a las modalidades con que se están elaborando modelos viables de planificación, puede constituir un aporte valioso para otras iniciativas nacionales. Se sostiene la hipótesis que en un Estado descentralizado, en el cual cabría esperar que la descentralización se extendiese a las cuestiones marinas, se constata cierta reticencia a devolver a las varias unidades político-territoriales los poderes de administración del área oceánica. Esta se constituiría así en el último baluarte de la fortaleza soberana de la autoridad nacional. Since the adoption of its Oceans Act (1996), Canada has been regarded as an international point of reference and the model to adhere to in the new ocean paradigm construction process based on the creation of an integrated and all-embracing vision of the marine environment. Its study Act allows the degree to which political and territorial decentralisation extends to the governance of maritime affairs to be contrasted. Its approach to all the problems surrounding 2 federal and provincial governance of marine areas and the methods being used to devise viable planning models might constitute a valuable contribution for initiatives in other nations. The hypothesis put forward here is that in a decentralised State, where it might be supposed that decentralisation would extend to marine affairs, a certain reticence towards devolving the powers to manage the area of the ocean to the different political and territorial units can be seen to exist. This would therefore be the last bastion of the sovereign fortress of national authority.

La Política Marítma Integrada (PMI) de la UE se inserta en la corriente de iniciativas de nuevas políticas marítimas surgidas en los úlitmos años tanto en países desarrollados como en desarrollo. En este artículo se mantiene que estas iniciativas constituyen la respuesta a nuevos desafíos en el ámbito oceánico. La PMI se puede interpretar como la respuesta de la UE a este nuevo orden oceánico. En el contexto global, la PMI se ve impelida a competir con los países que protagonizan el mayor dinamismo económico y que basan su competitividad en estándares sociales y medioambientales de menor exigencia. Por otra parte, el artículo pone de manifiesto cómo las políticas marítimas son fundamentales para la seguridad , en la medida en que coadyuvan a una mejor gobernanza de un ámbito como el oceánico, que en una alta proporción se sitúa fuera de la jurisdicción de los Estados.

We summarize the main properties of the extended UV (XUV) emission found in roughly 30% of the nearby spiral galaxies observed by the GALEX satellite. Two different classes of XUV disks are identified, the Type 1 XUV disks where significant, structured UV-bright features are found beyond the classical azimuthally-averaged star-formation threshold, and the Type 2 XUV disks, which are characterized by very extended (seven times the area where most of the stellar mass is found), blue ((FUV-K)

Partimos de la necesidad de realizar, desde una perspectiva crítica, una reflexión acerca de las posibilidades y limitaciones de la aplicación del concepto de la gobernanza como paradigma de gestión en la pesca, a un nivel global. Partiendo de la situación de crisis, ecológica e institucional, que afronta en la actualidad la pesca, se exponen los diferentes sentidos aplicables al término gobernanza en el ámbito marítimo para, a continuación, realizar un recorrido político-institucional que muestra que el ámbito oceánico ha sido pionero en desarrollar un enfoque próximo a este modelo. Queremos subrayar las claves de un debate político y ético acerca de las diferentes dimensiones implicadas en la realidad pesquera, discutiendo los aspectos más prácticos, políticos, de este debate, en un contexto caracterizado por el debilitamiento del Estado a favor de la mercantilización como proceso institucional dominante., Today is necessary a reflection upon the opportunities and challenges of the application at global level of the governance paradigm to fisheries, in a global frame where both ecological and institutional crises demand a holistic approach. First, it is explained the different meanings of ‘governance’ concept, addressing the institutional and political process of governance pattern in ocean issues. On the other hand, it is showed the political and ethical dimensions of the debate, emphasizing key concerns such as participation, democracy, social justice and cultural recognition –understood as a whole, within a context characterised by reducing the State to its minimum expression and by encouraging its replacement by new actors, such as the market and other social agencies.

El tratamiento de los pacientes con trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP) es uno de los retos más difíciles para el psiquiatra en la práctica clínica. Su manejo es especialmente complejo en los servicios de urgencias psiquiátricas cuando acuden en situación de crisis y manifiestan los síntomas más severos como trastornos conductuales y elevado riesgo suicida. Según las recomendaciones de la Guía de la APA, el tratamiento principal para el TLP es la psicoterapia complementada con la farmacoterapia para aquellos síntomas que más alteran la calidad de vida. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha no existe ningún fármaco con la indicación oficial para el tratamiento del TLP. Aún sin indicación, en la práctica clínica los psiquiatras usan antipsicóticos para tratar pacientes con TLP especialmente en situación de crisis. Con la aparición de los antipsicóticos atípicos, se ha renovado el interés por su posible utilidad en el tratamiento del TLP. Los trabajos publicados hasta la fecha sugieren su posible eficacia, sin embargo, no existe un nivel de evidencia científica que apoye su recomendación. El objetivo general de la tesis es profundizar en el conocimiento de la práctica clínica habitual con pacientes con TLP en los servicios de urgencias y evaluar la efectividad de los antipsicóticos atípicos en el tratamiento de estos pacientes. Se han realizado trabajos observacionales que describen la práctica clínica que se realiza habitualmente en los servicios de urgencias psiquiátricas y ensayos clínicos farmacológicos con antipsicóticos atípicos.En primer lugar se analizó una muestra de más de 11.000 pacientes que acudieron a Urgencias de psiquiatría del Hospital del Mar durante 4 años. Se estudiaron las características clínicas y de manejo terapéutico de los pacientes diagnosticados de TLP incidiendo en los factores que predecían la necesidad de hospitalización como el riesgo de suicidio y de prescripción de fármacos. También se analizó la posible relación entre el fenómeno de la inmigración y el riesgo de ser diagnosticado de TLP. Destacó la menor prevalencia de TLP en pacientes inmigrantes y la importante influencia del lugar de origen del inmigrante en esta asociación ya que pacientes subsaharianos y asiáticos presentaron una tasa especialmente baja.A continuación se analizaron las características de los pacientes agitados que acudían a urgencias de psiquiatría del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau y el manejo farmacológico que se realizaba. Destacó la elevada prevalencia de pacientes con diagnóstico de trastorno de personalidad (24%) y el elevado uso de antipsicóticos atípicos en la práctica clínica para tratar estos pacientes mostrándose como fármacos efectivos y seguros.Posteriormente se analizó la posible efectividad de los nuevos antipsicóticos atípicos en el tratamiento específico de pacientes con TLP. En primer lugar se realizó un estudio abierto no controlado con antipsicóticos atípicos intramusculares (olanzapina y ziprasidona) en el tratamiento de los pacientes con TLP que acudían a urgencias de psiquiatría en estado de agitación evidenciándose su utilidad y seguridad. Posteriormente, también se observó en un estudio no controlado la eficacia de la ziprasidona en pacientes con TLP que acudían a Urgencias en situación de crisis. Finalmente, ante las evidencias de eficacia en urgencias en estudios abiertos, se realizó un ensayo clínico controlado, aleatorizado, doble ciego y controlado con placebo para evaluar la eficacia de la ziprasidona en el tratamiento de mantenimiento de pacientes con TLP. En este estudio no se observaron diferencias significativas entre ziprasidona y placebo no mostrándose como un fármaco eficaz en el tratamiento de mantenimiento de pacientes con TLP., The treatment of patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is one of the most difficult challenges a psychiatrist faces in clinical practice. Its management is especially complex in the psychiatric emergency services when patients come in crisis and show the most severe symptoms such as conduct disorders and high risk of suicide. Following the APA guideline's recommendations, the primary treatment for BPD is psychotherapy complemented by pharmacotherapy targeted to the symptoms that affect the quality of life. However, still there is not an officially established drug for BPD treatment. But even without indication, in clinical practice the psychiatrists use antipsychotics for treating patients with BPD, especially in crisis. Since the atypical antipsychotics appearance there has been a renewed interest in its possible utility for treating BPD. The studies published to date suggest its possible effectiveness, however it does not exist enough scientific evidence that supports its recommendation. The general aim of the thesis is to deepen our knowledge about the usual clinical practice with BPD patients in emergency services and to assess the effectiveness of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of these patients. There have been observational studies that describe the usual clinical practice carried out in the psychiatric emergency services and pharmacological clinical trials with atypical antipsychotics.Firstly, a sample of more than 11,000 patients that came to the psychiatric emergency service of the Hospital del Mar over 4 years was analysed. The clinical features and therapeutic management of patients diagnosed with BPD were studied, emphasizing on the predictive factors of hospitalization, like the risk of suicide, and drug prescription. The possible association between the immigration and the risk of being diagnosed with BPD was also analysed. It stood out the less prevalence of BPD among immigrant patients and the important influence of the immigrant's region of origin in this association as the Sub-Saharan and Asian patients showed an especially low rate.Next were analysed the characteristics of the agitated patients that came to the psychiatric emergency services of the Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and the pharmacological management carried out. It was showed the high prevalence of patients diagnosed with Personality Disorder (24%) and the high use of atypical antipsychotics in clinical practice for treating these patients, showing its effectiveness and security.Subsequently, the possible effectiveness of the new atypical antipsychotics in the specific treatment of patients with BPD was analysed. Firstly, an open not controlled study was carried out with intramuscular atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine and ziprasidone) in the treatment of patients with BPD that came to the psychiatric emergency service in a state of agitation proving its usefulness and security. Later, in a not controlled study, it was also observed the effectiveness of ziprasidone in patients with BPD that came to the emergency services in crisis. Finally, based on the evidence of effectiveness in the emergency service in open studies, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out to assess the efficacy of ziprasidone in the maintenance treatment of patients with BPD. In this study no differences were observed between ziprasidone and placebo, showing it was not an efficacy drug in the maintenance treatment of patients with BPD.