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Ophiactis abyssicola (Sars, 1861) Reports for the Azores: Ophiactis corallicola Koehler, 1895 — $ Koehler 1896a: 208, 1898: 46, 1906b: 272–273, 1909: 170, pl. 1, fig. 11, pl. 7, figs. 4–5, 1921a: 3; Ophiactis abyssicola (Sars, 1861) — $ Koehler 1896a: 208, 1896b: 243, 1898: 46–48, pl. 5, fig. 17, pl. 6, fig. 18, 1909: 169; Mortensen 1927a: 202–203, fig. 114; Grieg 1932: 36–37; Marques 1980: 101; García-Diez et al. 2005: 48; $ St̂hr & Segonzac 2005: 386; $ Martynov & Litvinova 2008: 102–104, figs. 17C–E; Ophiactis echinata $ Koehler, 1898: 48–49, pl. 5, figs. 15–16; Mortensen 1927a: 199; Cherbonnier & Sibuet 1972: 402. Type locality: Norway. See: Sars (1861: 18–20, pl. 2, figs. 7–12, as Amphiura abyssicola); Paterson (1985: 76–78, fig. 32). Occurrence: cosmopolitan, present in both Pacific and Atlantic Oceans; in the Atlantic from the Davis Strait, off Iceland and Scandinavian waters to Southern Africa (Mortensen 1933a, b), including the archipelagos of the Azores, Canaries and Cape Verde; reported elsewhere off Tristan da Cunha (Lyman 1882). Depth: 118– 4,721 m (Martynov & Litvinova 2008); AZO: 726– 1,998 m (Koehler 1909, St̂hr & Segonzac 2005). Habitat: soft bottoms, ooze, fine sand, gravel and shells to rock, among sponges, gorgonians and other sessile fauna (Farran 1913, St̂hr & Segonzac 2005). Remarks: Ophiactis abyssicola is a highly variable species which is reflected by its numerous synonyms. In the Azores alone, this species was reported under three different names. For example, Koehler (1898) described O. echinata based on a single specimen collected by Hirondelle in the Azores (sta 198: 38°26’25”N, 28°38’56”W, 800 m). Later authors such as H.L. Clark (1918) and Mortensen (1927a, 1933a) believed that this species was a juvenile of O. abyssicola. See also remarks under O. canotia Lyman, 1879 and O. nidarosiensis Mortensen, 1920., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on pages 23-24, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Sars, M. (1861) Oversigt af Norges Echinodermer. Videnskabsselskabet i Christiana. Trykt i Brogger & Christie's bogtrykkerie, i commission hos J. Dybwad, Christiana, 160 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11254","Koehler, R. (1895 a) Note preliminaire sur les echinides recueillis pendant les campagnes de l'Hirondelle. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 20, 223 - 227.","Koehler, R. (1896 a) Note preliminaire sur les Ophiures recueillies pendant les campagnes de \" L'Hirondelle \". Memoires. Societe Zoologique de France, 9, 203 - 213.","Koehler, R. (1898) Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du yacht Hirondelle (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre- Neuve). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 12, 1 - 78.","Koehler, R. (1906 b) Ophiures. Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, 8, 245 - 311.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Koehler, R. (1896 b) Note preliminaire sur les Ophiures des premieres campagnes de la \" Princesse Alice \". Memoires. Societe Zoologique de France, 9, 241 - 253.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Grieg, J. A. (1932) Echinodermata. Report of the scientific results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic deep sea expedition 1910, 3 (2), 1 - 47.","Marques, V. M. (1980) Echinodermes recueillis pedant la mission \" Hesperides 76 \" du N / O Jean Charcot. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, 2 ª Serie, 7 (7), 95 - 107.","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","St ˆ hr, S. & Segonzac, M. (2005) Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata) from reducing and non-reducing environments in the North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85 (2), 383 - 402. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315405011318 h","Martynov, A. V. & Litvinova, N. M. (2008) Deep-water Ophiuroidea of the northern Atlantic with descriptions of three new species and taxonomic remarks on certain genera and species. Marine Biology Research, 4, 76 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000701840066","Cherbonnier, G. & Sibuet, M. (1972) Resultats scientifiques de la campagne Noratlante: Asterides et Ophiurides. Bulletin du Museum National D'histoire Naturelle, 102 (76), 1333 - 1394.","Paterson, G. L. J. (1985) The deep-sea Ophiuroidea of the North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series, 49 (1), 1 - 162.","Mortensen, T. (1933 a) Ophiuroidea. The Danish Ingolf Expedition, 4 b (8), 1 - 121.","Lyman, T. (1882) Report on the Ophiuroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 5 (14), 1 - 386.","Farran, G. P. (1913) The deep-water Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea and Echinoidea of the West Coast of Ireland. Department of Agriculture and technical instruction for Ireland, fisheries branch, scientific investigations, 6, 1 - 66. [1912]","Clark, H. L. (1918) Brittle stars, New and Old. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 62, 265 - 338.","Lyman, T. (1879) Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the \" Challenger \" expedition. Part II. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 6 (2), 17 - 83.","Mortensen, T. (1920) Notes on some Scandinavian Echinoderms with descriptions of two new Ophiuroids. Videnskabelige Meddelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i KjObenhavn, 72, 45 - 79."]}

Ophiacantha notata Koehler, 1906a Reports for the Azores: Ophiacantha notata Koehler, 1906 a— $ St̂hr & Segonzac 2005: 386. Type locality: Bay of Biscay (45°05’00”N, 7°00’26”W). See: Koehler (1906a: 23–24, pl. 2, figs. 28–30; 1906b: 284–286. pl. 20, figs. 36–38); Paterson (1985: 44, fig. 19). Occurrence: only known from the Bay of Biscay (Koehler 1906a) and near Menez Gwen, in Azores (St̂hr & Segonzac 2005). Depth: 850– 1,226 m (AZO: 850 m; Koehler 1906 a, St̂hr & Segonzac 2005). Remarks: until recently, Ophiacantha notata was known only from the type material collected by Travailleur and Talisman expeditions in the Bay of Biscay. St̂hr & Segonzac reported this rare species from the waters in the vicinity of Menez Gwen, in the southwest of the Azores (SEAHMA–1, DR01: 37°50’32”N, 31°31’16”W, 850 m)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Koehler, R. (1906 a) Description des ophiures nouvelles recueillies par le Travailleur et le Talisman. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 19, 5 - 34.","St ˆ hr, S. & Segonzac, M. (2005) Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata) from reducing and non-reducing environments in the North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85 (2), 383 - 402. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315405011318 h","Paterson, G. L. J. (1985) The deep-sea Ophiuroidea of the North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series, 49 (1), 1 - 162."]}

Eucidaris tribuloides ? (Lamarck, 1816) Reports for the Azores: Cidaris tribuloides Lamarck, 1816 — $ Koehler 1895a: 224, 1898: 8–10; Pereira 1997: 333; García-Diez et al. 2005: 50; Micael & Costa 2010: 322; Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck, 1816) — Mortensen 1928: 400–408, pl. 41, figs. 9–16, pl. 48, fig. 1, pl. 73, fig. 1, pl. 86, fig. 16; Harvey 1956: 63; Pérez-Ruzafa et al. 1999: 50–51; Micael et al. 2012: 3. See: H.L. Clark (1925: 21–22); Mortensen (1928); Lares & McClintock (1991); Schultz (2006: 38–39, figs. 65–67); Lessios et al. (1999); Madeira et al. (2011: 245–248). Occurrence: restricted to the tropical areas of the Atlantic; in the west from South Carolina and Bermuda to Brazil (Mortensen 1928); in the west, present in the Gulf of Guinea (Koehler 1914b), Cape Verde (Koehler 1909), the?Azores (Koehler 1898), Ascension (Mortensen 1936) and St Helena (Mortensen 1933c). Depth: 0–450 m (Mortensen 1928);? AZO: 130 m (Koehler 1898). Habitat: mainly a littoral form, occurring under stones and crevices and among corals (Mortensen 1928, Pawson 1978). Larval stage: planktotrophic (Emlet 1995). Fossil record: Eucidaris tribuloides is a common presence in the Pliocene fossiliferous outcrops in Santa Maria Island, Azores (Madeira et al. 2011, Ávila et al. 2015b). Remarks: Koehler (1895a, 1898) identified a small individual of E. tribuloides among the material collected by Hirondelle in the Azores (sta 226: 38°31’19”N, 28°34’31”W, 130 m). The specimen may represent a vagrant that managed to arrive in the Azores, i.e. it does not represent a real self-sustained population (for discussion see Madeira et al. 2011). Thus, until new material is collected in this area, the presence of this species in the archipelago should be treated with caution., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 97, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Lamarck, J. - B. (1816) Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertebres. Tome Second. Verdiere, Paris, 568 pp.","Koehler, R. (1895 a) Note preliminaire sur les echinides recueillis pendant les campagnes de l'Hirondelle. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 20, 223 - 227.","Koehler, R. (1898) Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du yacht Hirondelle (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre- Neuve). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 12, 1 - 78.","Pereira, M. (1997) Checklist of the littoral echinoderms of the Azores. Acoreana, 8 (3), 331 - 337.","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","Micael, J. & Costa A. C. (2010) Echinodermata. In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Oeiras, pp. 321 - 323.","Mortensen, T. (1928) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. I. Cidaroidea. C. A. Reitzel & Oxford University Press, Copenhagen & London, 551 pp.","Harvey, E. B. (1956) The American Arbacia and other sea urchins. Princeton University Press. Princeton, viii + 298. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 7234","Perez-Ruzafa, A., Entrambasaguas, L. & Bacallado, J. J. (1999) Fauna de equinodermos (Echinodermata) de los fondos rocosos infralitorales del archipielago de Cabo Verde. Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 11 (3 - 4), 43 - 62.","Micael, J., Alves, M. J., Jones, M. B. & Costa, A. C. (2012) Diversity of shallow-water asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Azorean Archipelago. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5, e 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267211000534","Clark, H. L. (1925) A catalogue of the Recent sea urchins (Echinoidea) in the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum and Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp.","Lares, M. T. & McClintock, J. B. (1991) The effects of temperature on the survival, organismal activity, nutrition, growth, and reproduction of the carnivorous, tropical sea urchin Eucidaris tribuloides. Marine Behaviour and Physiology, 19 (2), 75 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 10236249109378798","Schultz, H. (2006) Sea Urchins - a guide to worldwide shallow-water species. 3 rd Edition. Heinke & Peter Schultz Partner Scientific Publications, 484 pp.","Lessios, H. A., Kessing, B. D., Robertson, D. R. & Paulay, G. (1999) Phylogeography of the pantropical sea urchin Eucidaris in relation to land barriers and ocean currents. Evolution, 53, 806 - 817. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.1999. tb 05374. x","Madeira, P., Kroh, A., Cordeiro, R., Meireles, R. & Avila, S. P. (2011) The fossil echinoids of Santa Maria Island, Azores (Northern Atlantic Ocean). Acta Geologica Polonica, 61 (3), 243 - 264.","Koehler, R. (1914 b) Echinoderma I: Asteroidea, ophiuroidea et Echnoidea. In: Michaelsen, W. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Meeresfauna Westafrikas. 1 (2). L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg, pp. 127 - 303.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Mortensen, T. (1936) Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea. Discovery Reports, 12, 199 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8051","Mortensen, T. (1933 c) The echinoderms of St. Helena (Other than crinoids). Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening, 93, 401 - 473.","Pawson, D. L. (1978) The Echinoderm Fauna of Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 2, 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 01960768.2.1","Emlet, R. B. (1995) Developmental mode and species geographic range in regular sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Evolution, 49 (3), 476 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.1995. tb 02280. x","Avila, S. P., Ramalho, R., Habermann, J., Quartau, R., Kroh, A., Berning, B., Johnson, M., Kirby, M., Zanon, V., Titschack, J., Goss, A., Rebelo, A. C., Melo, C., Madeira, P., Cordeiro, R., Meireles, R., Bagaco, L., Hipolito, A., Uchman, A., Silva, C. M. da, Cach \" o, M. & Madeira, J. (2015 b) Palaeoecology, taphonomy, and preservation of a lower Pliocene shell bed (coquina) from a volcanic oceanic island (Santa Maria Island, Azores, NE Atlantic Ocean). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 430, 57 - 73. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. palaeo. 2015.04.015"]}

Erroneous— Dytaster semispinosus (Perrier, 1894) Reports for the Azores: Dytaster semispinosus (Perrier, 1894) —A.M. Clark & Downey 1992: 55; Dilman 2014: 26. Type locality: off Galicia (44°29’00”N, 13°31’46”W). See: A.M. Clark & Downey (1992). Occurrence: known only from abyssal waters between the Azores and the Bay of Biscay (Perrier 1894, Koehler 1909). Depth: 4,275 –5,005 m (Perrier 1894, Koehler 1909). Habitat: soft sediments (Koehler 1909). Remarks: A.M. Clark & Downey (1992) placed Dytaster semispinosus within the Azorean waters, though this species was never collected in the archipelago, but between the Azores and the European continental shores by Talisman (Perrier 1894, as Crenaster semispinosus) and by Princesse Alice (Koehler 1909, as Dytaster parvulus)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Perrier, M. E. (1894) Stellerides. Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman. Masson, Paris, 431 pp.","Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Natural History Museum Publications. Chapman & Hall, London, 794 pp.","Dilman A. B. (2014) Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Asteroidea. Invertebrate Zoology, 11 (1), 25 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.05","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317."]}

Amperima furcata (Hérouard, 1899) Reports for the Azores: Kolga furcata $ Hérouard, 1899: 171, fig. 2, 1902: 40–41, pl. 3, fig. 7, pl. 6, figs. 4–10, pl. 8, fig. 17; Periamma (Kolga) furcatum (Hérouard, 1899) — Perrier 1902: 276; Deichmann 1930: 134; Periamma furcata (Hérouard, 1899) — Hérouard 1923: 91; Mortensen 1927a: 368; Amperima furcata (Hérouard, 1899) — $ Hansen 1975: 159, fig. 75; García-Diez et al. 2005: 51; $ Gebruk 2008: 50, 51; Rogacheva et al. 2013: 600–601, figs. 7A, E, 17K, 18M, N, 19C. Type locality: Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Azores (39°11’00”N, 30°44’40”W). See: Hérouard (1902); Rogacheva et al. (2013: 600–601, figs. 7A E, 17K, 18M, N, 19C). Occurrence: Atlantic and Pacific deep waters (Rogacheva et al. 2013); in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, from the Charles-Gibbs Fracture Zone south to the Azores (Gebruk 2008) and east to the Bay of Biscay (Hérouard 1923). Depth: 1,846 –4,700 m (Rogacheva et al. 2013); AZO: 1,846 –2,968 m (Hérouard 1902, Gebruk 2008). Habitat: frequent swimmer (benthopelagic; Rogacheva et al. 2013); on muddy sand (Hérouard 1902). Remarks: Amperima furcata was initially described by Hérouard (1899, 1902, as Kolga furcata) based on specimens collected by Princesse Alice in the Azores. The type material was later reviewed by Hansen (1975) who transferred this species to the genus Amperima Pawson, 1965. More recently, Gebruk et al. (2008) identified new material collected by G.O. Sars (MAR–ECO Cruise) in northern-most Azorean waters (sta 40/367: 42°55’N, 30°20’W, 2,954 –2,968 m), thus confirming the historical record. Rogacheva et al. (2012) observed this deposit feeder swimming above the sea floor for the first time. According to these authors, though spending most of its time feeding on sedimentary plains this species is a frequent swimmer, a possible adaptation to the patchy nature of its habitat. The ability to swim together with its known abyssal depth range may explain the rarity of records in the archipelago throughout its range., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Herouard, E. (1899) Troisieme note preliminaire sur les Holothuries provenant des dragages du yacht Princesse-Alice. Revision de la sous-familie des Elpidiinae et description de nouvelles especes. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 24, 170 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24436","Perrier, R. (1902) Holothuries. In: Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pendant les Annees 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883. Ouvrage publie sous les auspices du ministere de l'instruction publique sous la direction de A. Milne-Edwards de 1888 a 1890 et continue par E. Perrier. Vol. 7. Masson et Cie, Editeurs, Paris, pp. 273 - 554.","Deichmann, E. (1930) The Holothurians of the Western Part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 71, 43 - 236.","Herouard, E. (1923) Holothuries provenant des campagnes des yachts Princesse-Alice et Hirondelle ii. (1898 - 1915). Resultats Campagnes Scientifiques Prince de Monaco, 66, 1 - 161.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Hansen, B. (1975) Systematics and biology of the deep-sea holothurians: Elasipoda. Galathea report: scientific results of the Danish deep-sea expedition round the world 1950 - 1952. Galathea, 13, 1 - 262.","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","Gebruk, A. V. (2008) Holothurians (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge collected by the G. O. Sars MAR-ECO expedition with descriptions of four new species. In: Gebruk, A. V. (Ed.) Benthic fauna of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge: results of the MAR-ECO expedition. Marine Biology Research, 4 (1 - 2), pp. 48 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000701842898","Rogacheva, A., Gebruk, A. & Alt, C. H. S. (2013) Holothuroidea of the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone area, northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Marine Biology Research, 9 (5 - 6), 587 - 623.","Herouard, E. (1902) Holothuries Provenant Des Campagnes De La Princesse-Alice (1892 - 1897). Reisultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht, Fasc. 21, 1 - 62.","Pawson, D. L. (1965) Some echinozoans from north of New Zealand. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Zoology, 5, 197 - 224.","Rogacheva, A., Gebruk, A. & Alt, C. H. S. (2012) Swimming deep-sea holothurians (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) on the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Zoosymposia, 7, 213 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2012.750428"]}

Erroneous— Hygrosoma luculentum (Agassiz, 1879) Reports for the Azores: non Phormosomum luculentum Agassiz—Koehler 1895a: 224, 1895b: 228 [misidentified Hygrosoma petersii]. Type locality: Pacific. See: Mortensen (1935: 215–219, 123, 124, pl. 21, pl. 22, figs. 1–2, pl. 78, figs. 22–23). Occurrence: Pacific and Indian Oceans (Mortensen 1935). Depth: 400– 2,000 m (Mortensen 1935). Remarks: in his preliminary notes, Koehler (1895a: 224; 1895b: 228) identifies specimens taken in Azorean waters by Hirondelle and Princesse Alice as the Indo-Pacific H. luculentum. Later, Koehler changed his previous determination first in 1889 to P. uranus (Koehler, 1898) and finally in 1909 to Hygrosoma petersii (see also remarks under H. petersii)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 173, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Agassiz, A. (1879) Preliminary Report on the Echini of the Exploring Expedition of H. M. S. Challenger, Sir C. Wyville Thomson Chief of Civilian Staff. Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 14, 190 - 212. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 25138537","Mortensen, T. (1935) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. II. Bothriocidaroida, Melonechinoida, Lepidocentroida, and Stirodonta. C. A. Reitzel & Oxford University Press, Copenhagen & London, 647 pp.","Koehler, R. (1895 a) Note preliminaire sur les echinides recueillis pendant les campagnes de l'Hirondelle. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 20, 223 - 227.","Koehler, R. (1895 b) Note preliminaire sur les echinides des premieres campagnes de la Princesse Alice. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 20, 227 - 233.","Koehler, R. (1898) Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du yacht Hirondelle (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre- Neuve). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 12, 1 - 78."]}

Peniagone diaphana (Théel, 1882) Reports for the Azores: Scotoanassa translucida $ Hérouard, 1899: 171–172, fig. 3, 1902: 43–45, pl. 3, figs. 4–6, pl. 6, figs. 17–20; Perrier 1902: 276; Mortensen 1927a: 368, figs. 217.2, 218.2–3. Type locality: Great Australian Bight, Pacific (42°42’S, 134°10’E). See: Théel (1882: 55–56, pl. 9, figs. 3–5, pl. 35, fig. 18, pl. 44, fig. 9, as Scotoanassa diaphana); Hansen (1975: 153–155, fig. 71, pl. 10, figs. 7–8); Gebruk et al. (1997: 155–156, figs. 1, A–D). Occurrence: cosmopolitan, in the Atlantic, Pacific and Antarctic Oceans (Hansen 1975); recorded from several isolated localities throughout the Atlantic, including the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone (Mid-Atlantic Ridge; Gebruk 2008), Rockall Trough, Porcupine Abyssal Plain (Gage et al. 1985), Bay of Biscay (Hérouard 1923), Gulf of Guinea (Hansen 1975), Angola Basin (Bohn 2006) and the Azores (Hérouard 1902). Depth: 1,520 –5,600 m (Hansen 1975); AZO: 5,005 m (Hérouard 1902). Habitat: benthopelagic (preferential swimmer; Gebruk et al. 1997); on soft sediments (mud; Hansen 1975). Larval stage: lecithotrophic (Tyler et al. (1985a). Remarks: Hérouard (1899, 1902) described Scotoanassa translucida, based on specimens collected by Princesse Alice between the Azores and the European continent, at a station located in the easternmost waters of the archipelago (sta 749: 39°54’00”N, 21°06’45”W, 5,005 m). Later, Hansen (1975) established the synonymy of Hérouard’s species with the Pacific P. diaphana (Théel, 1882). This species is a benthopelagic animal that spends a considerable amount of time in the water column (Miller & Pawson 1990). Gebruk et al. (1997) described juveniles taken about 10 to 200 m above the seabed, at a depth from 4,031 to 4,565 m. The great difficulty of sampling benthopelagic holothurians at great depths could be the reason for its somewhat sparse distribution in the Atlantic, particularly in the Azores, where only a single tow from about 5,000 m depth delivered specimens of P. diaphana., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on pages 139-140, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Theel, H. (1882) Report on the Holothuroidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Challenger Reports, Zoology, 4, 1 - 176.","Herouard, E. (1899) Troisieme note preliminaire sur les Holothuries provenant des dragages du yacht Princesse-Alice. Revision de la sous-familie des Elpidiinae et description de nouvelles especes. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 24, 170 - 175. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 24436","Perrier, R. (1902) Holothuries. In: Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pendant les Annees 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883. Ouvrage publie sous les auspices du ministere de l'instruction publique sous la direction de A. Milne-Edwards de 1888 a 1890 et continue par E. Perrier. Vol. 7. Masson et Cie, Editeurs, Paris, pp. 273 - 554.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Hansen, B. (1975) Systematics and biology of the deep-sea holothurians: Elasipoda. Galathea report: scientific results of the Danish deep-sea expedition round the world 1950 - 1952. Galathea, 13, 1 - 262.","Gebruk, A. V., Tyler, P. A. & Billett, D. S. M. (1997) Pelagic juveniles of the deep-sea elasipodid holothurians: New records and review. Ophelia, 46 (2), 153 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00785326.1997.10432581","Gebruk, A. V. (2008) Holothurians (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge collected by the G. O. Sars MAR-ECO expedition with descriptions of four new species. In: Gebruk, A. V. (Ed.) Benthic fauna of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge: results of the MAR-ECO expedition. Marine Biology Research, 4 (1 - 2), pp. 48 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000701842898","Gage, J. D., Billett, D. S. M., Jensen, M. & Tyler, P. A. (1985) Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas. 2. Echinoidea and Holothurioidea. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 48 (4), 173 - 214.","Herouard, E. (1923) Holothuries provenant des campagnes des yachts Princesse-Alice et Hirondelle ii. (1898 - 1915). Resultats Campagnes Scientifiques Prince de Monaco, 66, 1 - 161.","Bohn, J. M. (2006) Crinoidea and Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the abyssal Angola Basin-Results of the DIVA- 1 expedition of FS \" Meteor \" (Cruise M 48 / 1). Zootaxa, 1276 (1), 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1276.1.1","Herouard, E. (1902) Holothuries Provenant Des Campagnes De La Princesse-Alice (1892 - 1897). Reisultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht, Fasc. 21, 1 - 62.","Tyler, P. A., Muirhead, A., Gage, J. D. & Billett, D. S. M. (1985 a) Gametogenic strategies in deep-sea echinoids and holothurians from the NE Atlantic. In: Keegan, B. F. & O'Connor, B. D. S. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 5 th International Echinoderm Conference, Galway, September 1984. Balkema, Amsterdam, pp. 135 - 140.","Miller, J. E. & Pawson, D. L. (1990) Swimming sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea): a survey with analysis of swimming behavior in four bathyal species. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 35, 1 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 01960768.35.1"]}

Ophioplinthus inornata (Lyman, 1878) Reports for the Azores: Ophioglypha inornata Lyman, 1878 — $ Koehler 1906b: 262–263; Homalophiura inornata (Lyman, 1878) — Mortensen 1927a: 231; Ophiura inornata (Lyman, 1878) — $ A.H. Clark 1948: 78; Ophiurolepis inornata (Lyman, 1878) — Paterson 1985: 138–139, fig. 53; Smirnov et al. 2014: 206. Type locality: off S. Paulo Rocks (1°47’N, 24°26’W). See: Lyman (1878: 97, pl. 2, figs. 26–27); Paterson (1985); Martynov & Litvinova (2008: 85–7, figs. 6G). Occurrence: cosmopolitan, recorded in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic; in the Atlantic from South America, Falkland Islands, Caribbean, Saint Paul Rocks, eastwards to off Cape Blanc (NW Africa), including the Azores (Paterson 1985). Depth: 242– 3,385 m (Lyman 1878, Mortensen 1936); AZO: 2,995 –3,200 m (Koehler 1906b, A.H. Clark 1948). Habitat: soft sediments (Globigerina ooze; Lyman 1878). Larval stage: non-brooding, direct or lecithotrophic development (Mortensen 1936). Remarks: the presence of O. inornata in the Azores was first reported by Koehler (1906b; Talisman, sta 131, 1883: 38°28'N, 25°05'46"W, 2995 m). Later, A. H. Clark (1948) also identified material belonging to this species from the Azores, but referred to it as from west of Gibraltar (Atlantis sta 15: 35°37'N, 30°51' W; 3,200 m)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on pages 48-49, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Lyman, T. (1878) Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the \" Challenger \" expedition. Part I. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 5 (7), 65 - 168.","Koehler, R. (1906 b) Ophiures. Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, 8, 245 - 311.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Clark, A. H. (1948) Some interesting starfishes and brittle stars dredged by the Atlantis in mid-Atlantic. Journal of The Washington Academy of Sciences, 38, 75 - 78.","Paterson, G. L. J. (1985) The deep-sea Ophiuroidea of the North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series, 49 (1), 1 - 162.","Smirnov, I. S., Piepenburg, D., Ahearn, C. & Juterzenka, K. V. (2014) Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Ophiuroidea. Invertebrate Zoology, 11 (1), 192 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.18","Martynov, A. V. & Litvinova, N. M. (2008) Deep-water Ophiuroidea of the northern Atlantic with descriptions of three new species and taxonomic remarks on certain genera and species. Marine Biology Research, 4, 76 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000701840066","Mortensen, T. (1936) Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea. Discovery Reports, 12, 199 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8051"]}

Histocidaris purpurata ? (Thomson, 1872b) Reports for the Azores: Porocidaris purpurata Thomson, 1872 b—? $ Pérès 1992: 252. Type locality: about 100 miles to the north of the Hebrides. See: Mortensen (1928: 104–107, pl. 1, fig. 6, pl. 3, figs. 3–5, as Poriocidaris purpurata); Gage et al. (1985: 179 as Poriocidaris purpurata). Occurrence: North Atlantic; in the East from southern Iceland south to the Canaries and Western Sahara (Koehler 1909, Mortensen 1927b, 1928); in the west known only from the Caribbean (Phelan 1970); reported elsewhere in South African waters (Filander et al. 2019). Depth: 300– 1,800 m (Gage et al. 1985); AZO:? 800 m (Pérès 1992). Habitat: soft sediments, from sandy mud to muddy bottoms (Koehler 1909, Mortensen 1928); gut contents revealed bottom material and fragments of crustaceans (Mortensen 1928). Larval stage: lecithotrophic (Emlet 1995). Remarks: on a dive made by the bathyscaphe Archimède in the Azores, Pérès (1992) reported to have observed animals of Histocidaris purpurata with their typical long spines with alternating bands of purple and violet. This cidaroid species has a wide distribution in the Atlantic, thus its report in the Azores could be easily considered as an intermediate location between its distribution in the Caribbean and the European or NW Africa records. However, no specimen was collected in the Azores that on a close examination in the laboratory could substantiate Pérès observations. Another cidaroid species known to occur in area Cidaris cidaris is characterised by high morphological variability, including the colour of its spines (primary or secondary) which can vary from the typical white or pinkish to brownish-purplish spines (Fig. 20; see also Mortensen 1928). Historically, the Azores was extensively dredged at depths similar to the observations by Pérès (e.g., Koehler 1898, 1909). As a result, abundant material of Cidaris cidaris became available, but remarkable none of the oceanographic cruises managed to secure a single specimen of H. purpurata. Thus, until animals collected in the area prove to belong to this species, the record of this species in the archipelago should be treated with caution., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on pages 98-99, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Thomson, W. (1872 b) On the Echinoidea of the Porcupine Dredging Expeditions. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 2, 719 - 756.","Thomson, W. (1872 a) On the crinoids of the \" Porcupine \" deep-sea dredging expedition. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 7 (1869 - 1872), 764 - 773. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 037016460004308 X","Peres, J. M. (1992) Le bathyscaphe francais Archimede aux Acores: etude bionomique et ecologique du benthos profond. Acoreana, Suplemento, 237 - 264.","Mortensen, T. (1928) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. I. Cidaroidea. C. A. Reitzel & Oxford University Press, Copenhagen & London, 551 pp.","Gage, J. D., Billett, D. S. M., Jensen, M. & Tyler, P. A. (1985) Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas. 2. Echinoidea and Holothurioidea. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 48 (4), 173 - 214.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Mortensen, T. (1927 b) Sur les echinides recueillis par l'expedition du \" Travailleur \" et du \" Talisman. \" Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 2 (6), 21 - 34.","Phelan, T. F. (1970) A field guide to the cidaroid echinoids of the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean Sea. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 40, 1 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.40","Filander, Z., Samyn, Y. & Griffiths, C. (2019) Four notable additions to the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata, Echinoidea). ZooKeys, 831, 71. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 831.31381","Emlet, R. B. (1995) Developmental mode and species geographic range in regular sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Evolution, 49 (3), 476 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.1995. tb 02280. x","Koehler, R. (1898) Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du yacht Hirondelle (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre- Neuve). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 12, 1 - 78."]}

Ophiacantha aculeata Verrill, 1885a Reports for the Azores: Ophiacantha aculeata Verrill, 1885 — $ Martynov & Litvinova 2008: 90–91, figs. 7A, 10. Type locality: off Virginia, USA (37°50’00”N, 73°03’50”W). See: Verrill (1885a: 153; 1885b: 443–444); Koehler (1914a: 74–77, pl. 11, figs. 1–2); Martynov & Litvinova (2008). Occurrence: North Atlantic deep waters, from off Virginia to New England, eastwards to Rockall Trough, the Bay of Biscay to Iberian Basin, including in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, from Reykjanes Ridge to the north of the Azores (Martynov & Litvinova 2008). Depth: 1,650–3,584 m (AZO: 2,954–2,968 m; Martynov & Litvinova 2008). Habitat: soft sediments (Globigerina ooze; Verrill 1885a). Remarks: Ophiacantha aculeata was recently identified by Martynov & Litvinova (2008) among the material collected by G.O. Sars (MAR–ECO expedition) at a station located at the northern border of the Azorean waters (sta 40/367: 42°55’N, 30°20’W, 2,954 –2,968 m). This species has been historically confused with O. fraterna Verrill, 1885c (Martynov & Litvinova 2008), a species also considered at one point conspecific or a variety of O. bidentata (Bruzelius, 1805). See remarks under the latter species., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Verrill, A. E. (1885 a) Notice of the remarkable Marine Fauna occupying the outer banks off the Southern Coast of New England. The American Journal of Science, Series 3, 29, 149 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2475 / ajs. s 3 - 29.170.149","Martynov, A. V. & Litvinova, N. M. (2008) Deep-water Ophiuroidea of the northern Atlantic with descriptions of three new species and taxonomic remarks on certain genera and species. Marine Biology Research, 4, 76 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000701840066","Verrill, A. E. (1885 b) Notice of recent additions to the marine invertebrata of the northeastern coast of America, with descriptions of new genera and species and critical remarks on others. Part V-Annelida, Echinodermata, Hydroida, Tunicata. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 8, 424 - 447. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.534.424","Koehler, R. (1914 a) A Contribution to the Study of Ophiurans of the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 84, 1 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.84.1","Verrill, A. E. (1885 c) Results of the explorations made by the steamer \" Albatross \", off the northern coast of the United States, in 1883. Report of Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries, 1885 503 - 699. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 12059","Bruzelius, N. (1805) Dissertatio sistens species cognitas asteriarum, quam, sub praesidio A. J. Retzii. exhibet N. Bruzelius. Berlingianis, Lundae, 37 pp."]}

Tromikosoma uranus ? (Thomson, 1877) Reports for the Azores: Phormosoma uranus Thomson, 1877 —? $ Agassiz 1881: 103–104, pl. 18c, fig. 12; non Phormosoma uranus Thomson, 1877 — Koehler 1898: 7, 10–15, pl. 1, fig. 1, pl. 3, figs. 5–6, pl. 9, figs. 49, 50. [misidentified H. petersii]; Echinosoma uranus Thomson, 1877 —? $ H.L. Clark 1925: 57. Type locality: Gorringe Ridge, off Portugal (36°23’N, 11°18’W). See: Mortensen (1935: 168–170, pl. 6, figs. 2– 3, pl. 75, figs. 19–21). Occurrence: Northeast Atlantic, from off Portugal (Thomson 1877) to off the Western Sahara coast (Mortensen 1927b) and the?Azores (H.L. Clark 1925). Depth: 938– 2,745 m (Mortensen 1935);? AZO: 1,830 m (H.L. Clark 1925). Habitat: most probably a bottom-feeder on soft sediments. Remarks: Tromikosoma uranus was recorded from the Azores based on specimens collected by the H.M.S. Challenger (Agassiz 1881), Hirondelle and Talisman (Koehler 1898). Except for H.M.S. Challenger material, all other were re-examined and re-assigned to H. petersii (Mortensen 1903; Koehler 1909; Mortensen 1935). The specimen from H.M.S. Challenger was a young specimen (7 mm) in a poor state of preservation, which rendered the identification impossible (see Mortensen 1903). The occurrence of this species in the area should be considered with caution, until new material is retrieved from the Azores (see remarks under T. koehleri)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Thomson, W. (1877) The voyage of the \" Challenger \": the Atlantic. Vol. 1. Macmillan, London, 424 pp.","Agassiz, A. (1881) Report on the Echinoidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 3, 1 - 321.","Koehler, R. (1898) Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du yacht Hirondelle (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre- Neuve). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 12, 1 - 78.","Clark, H. L. (1925) A catalogue of the Recent sea urchins (Echinoidea) in the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum and Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp.","Mortensen, T. (1935) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. II. Bothriocidaroida, Melonechinoida, Lepidocentroida, and Stirodonta. C. A. Reitzel & Oxford University Press, Copenhagen & London, 647 pp.","Mortensen, T. (1927 b) Sur les echinides recueillis par l'expedition du \" Travailleur \" et du \" Talisman. \" Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 2 (6), 21 - 34.","Mortensen, T. (1903) Echinoidea (Part 1). In: The Danish Ingolf-Expedition 1895 - 1896. 4 (1). Bianco Luno, Copenhagen, 4 (1), pp. 1 - 198.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317."]}

Erroneous— Ctenodiscus crispatus (Bruzelius, 1805) Reports for the Azores: Ctenodiscus crispatus (Bruzelius, 1805) — García-Diez et al. 2005: 47; Micael & Costa 2010: 322; Micael et al. 2012: 5. Type locality: ?Lund. See: A.M. Clark & Downey (1992: 109–110, figs. 20a–b, d, pl. 28A–C). Occurrence: circumpolar Arctic, in the western Atlantic south in the cold current below the Gulf Stream to Cape Hatteras (though rare south of Cape Cod, Massachusetts) and in the east to Trondheim (Norway) and the cold area of the Faeroe Channel (A.M. Clark & Downey 1992). Depth: 10– 1,890 m (A.M. Clark & Downey 1992). Habitat: deposit-feeder on soft sediments (mud, sand to clay; Shick et al. 1981, A.M. Clark & Downey 1992). Larval stage: direct development (Shick et al. 1981). Remarks: the report for the Azores is based on the assumption that the ‘ Asterias polaris Gray’ identified by Perrier (1896a) among the material collected by Hirondelle in the Azores is a synonym of Ctenodiscus crispatus. Analysing the related bibliography, we disagree and thus consider the record of C. crispatus from the archipelago as erroneous (see remarks under Asterias rubens and Leptasterias polaris)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on pages 167-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Bruzelius, N. (1805) Dissertatio sistens species cognitas asteriarum, quam, sub praesidio A. J. Retzii. exhibet N. Bruzelius. Berlingianis, Lundae, 37 pp.","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","Micael, J. & Costa A. C. (2010) Echinodermata. In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Oeiras, pp. 321 - 323.","Micael, J., Alves, M. J., Jones, M. B. & Costa, A. C. (2012) Diversity of shallow-water asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Azorean Archipelago. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5, e 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267211000534","Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Natural History Museum Publications. Chapman & Hall, London, 794 pp.","Shick, J. M., Taylor, W. F. & Lamb, A. N. (1981) Reproduction and genetic variation in the deposit-feeding sea star Ctenodiscus crispatus. Marine Biology, 63 (1), 51 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00394662","Perrier, M. E. (1896 a) Contribution a l'etude des stellerides de l'Atlantique Nord (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre-Neuve). Resultats Des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies Par Le Prince Albert I, Monaco, 11, 1 - 571."]}

Benthothuria funebris Perrier, 1898 Reports for the Azores: Benthothuria funebris Perrier, 1899 — $ Gebruk 2008: 50, 51. Type locality: off Cape Blanc, NW Africa. See: Perrier (1902: 365–371); Rogacheva et al. (2013: 591, figs. 17B, 19B). Occurrence: East Atlantic, from Greenland eastwards from the Rockall Trough (Gage et al. 1985) south to Angola (Jones et al. 2014), including the Azores (Gebruk 2008). Depth: 782– 3,757 m (Rogacheva et al. 2013); AZO: 2,954 –2,968 m (Gebruk 2008). Habitat: soft sediment, from mud to sand (with shells and corals; Perrier 1902); may be able to swim (Rogacheva et al. 2013). Remarks: Recently, Gebruk (2008) identified the species B. funebris among material collected at the north border of the Azorean EEZ (G.O. Sars, MAR–ECO cruise, sta 40/367: 42°55’N, 30°20’W, 2,954 –2,968 m)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Perrier, R. (1898) Sur les Holothuries recueillies par le Travailleur et le Talisman. Comptes Rendus Academie Sciences, Paris, 126, 1664 - 1666.","Perrier, R. (1899) Diagnose des especes nouvelles d'Holothuries draguees par le du Travailleur et le Talisman. Deuxieme note. Bulletin Museum National Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 5, 299 - 303. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 6292","Gebruk, A. V. (2008) Holothurians (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge collected by the G. O. Sars MAR-ECO expedition with descriptions of four new species. In: Gebruk, A. V. (Ed.) Benthic fauna of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge: results of the MAR-ECO expedition. Marine Biology Research, 4 (1 - 2), pp. 48 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000701842898","Perrier, R. (1902) Holothuries. In: Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pendant les Annees 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883. Ouvrage publie sous les auspices du ministere de l'instruction publique sous la direction de A. Milne-Edwards de 1888 a 1890 et continue par E. Perrier. Vol. 7. Masson et Cie, Editeurs, Paris, pp. 273 - 554.","Rogacheva, A., Gebruk, A. & Alt, C. H. S. (2013) Holothuroidea of the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone area, northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Marine Biology Research, 9 (5 - 6), 587 - 623.","Gage, J. D., Billett, D. S. M., Jensen, M. & Tyler, P. A. (1985) Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas. 2. Echinoidea and Holothurioidea. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 48 (4), 173 - 214.","Jones, D. O. B., Walls, A., Clare, M., Fiske, M. S., Weiland, R. J., O'Brien, R. & Touzel, D. F. (2014) Asphalt mounds and associated biota on the Angolan margin. Deep-Sea Research I, 94, 124 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2014.08.010"]}

Sperosoma grimaldii Koehler, 1897b Reports for the Azores: Sperosoma grimaldii $ Koehler, 1897b: 302–307, 1898: 16–21, pl. 2, fig. 2, pl. 3, figs. 3, 4, pl. 4, fig. 8, pl. 9, fig. 48, 1909: 218–217; $ Mortensen 1903: 75–78, pl. 4, figs. 3–5, pl. 11, fig. 9. pl. 12, fig. 16, pl. 13, figs. 12, 23, pl. 14, figs. 2, 4, 4a, 6, 11, 31, 33, 1927b: 27; Mortensen 1927a: 287–288, figs. 156.3, 163, 1935: 184–187, figs. 107–108, pl. 8, figs. 1–2; Grieg 1932: 40–41; Marques 1980: 105; Gage et al. 1985: 181; García-Diez et al. 2005: 50; Mironov 2006: 103–104; $ Mironov 2008: 4, tab. 1; Mironov 2014: 121. Type locality: Azores. See: Koehler (1897b); Mortensen (1903). Occurrence: Northeast Atlantic, from south of Iceland and Faroe south to the Gulf of Guinea (Mortensen 1927a, b, Chesher 1966), including the Azores, Canaries and Cape Verde archipelagos (Koehler 1909), and the Great Meteor seamount (Mironov 2006). Depth: 235– 2,910 m (Mortensen 1927 b, Mironov 2006); AZO: 1,213 –2,107 m (Koehler 1898, Mironov 2008). Habitat: sand, mud to ooze (Koehler 1909, Gage et al. 1985). Larval stage: lecithotrophic. (Emlet 1995). Remarks: Koehler (1897b, 1898) described a new species of echinothuroid, Sperosoma grimaldii based on material collected in Azorean deep waters by Hirondelle and Princesse Alice. Until recently, the presence of this species in the archipelago has been restricted to the type material and to the historical reports by this author. Mironov (2008) published a table mentioning this echinoid collected by G.O. Sars (MAR–ECO expedition), which included stations located in the northern-most waters of the Azores., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on pages 120-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Koehler, R. 1897 b. Sperosoma Grimaldii, nouveau genre d'Echinothuride. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 20, 302 - 307.","Koehler, R. (1898) Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du yacht Hirondelle (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre- Neuve). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 12, 1 - 78.","Mortensen, T. (1903) Echinoidea (Part 1). In: The Danish Ingolf-Expedition 1895 - 1896. 4 (1). Bianco Luno, Copenhagen, 4 (1), pp. 1 - 198.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Grieg, J. A. (1932) Echinodermata. Report of the scientific results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic deep sea expedition 1910, 3 (2), 1 - 47.","Marques, V. M. (1980) Echinodermes recueillis pedant la mission \" Hesperides 76 \" du N / O Jean Charcot. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, 2 ª Serie, 7 (7), 95 - 107.","Gage, J. D., Billett, D. S. M., Jensen, M. & Tyler, P. A. (1985) Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas. 2. Echinoidea and Holothurioidea. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 48 (4), 173 - 214.","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic, onshore / offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. & Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Scientific Press, Russian Academy of Sciences, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, pp. 96 - 133.","Mironov, A. N. (2008) Pourtalesiid sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Marine Biology Research, 4, 3 - 24. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000701847863","Mironov, A. N. (2014) Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Echinoidea. Invertebrate Zoology, 11 (1), 120 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.12","Fell, H. B. & Pawson, D. L. (1966) Echinacea. Systematic descriptions. In: Moore, R. C. (Ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, U. Echinodermata. 3 (2). Geological Society of America, Boulder and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, 3 (2), U 367 - U 440. https: // doi. org / 10.17161 / dt. v 0 i 0.5656","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Mortensen, T. (1927 b) Sur les echinides recueillis par l'expedition du \" Travailleur \" et du \" Talisman. \" Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 2 (6), 21 - 34.","Dilman, A. B. (2006) Asteroid fauna of the Reykjanes Ridge. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. & Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Scientific Press, Russian Academy of Sciences, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, pp. 177 - 192.","Emlet, R. B. (1995) Developmental mode and species geographic range in regular sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Evolution, 49 (3), 476 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.1995. tb 02280. x"]}

Ophiacantha mesembria H.L. Clark, 1915 Reports for the Azores: Ophiacantha pentagona armata $ Koehler, 1898: 55–56; Ophiacantha mesembria H.L. Clark, 1915 — Koehler 1922: 60–61; Mortensen 1927a: 188. Type locality: off Santa Cruz (Virgin Islands, Caribbean). See: H.L. Clark (1915: 201–202); Benavides-Serrato et al. (2011: 248–249). Occurrence: Northwest Atlantic, known from the Caribbean islands and Gulf of Mexico (Benavides-Serrato et al. 2011) eastwards to the Azores (Koehler 1922) and?Madeira (Jesus & Abreu 1998). Depth: 256– 2,870 m (H.L. Clark 1915, Koeheler 1898); AZO: 2,870 m (Koeheler 1898). Habitat: soft sediments (clayish sand; Koehler 1898). Remarks: Koehler (1898) examined two specimens collected by Hirondelle in Azorean waters, which he placed in a variety armata of O. pentagona, a species described from the Pacific Ocean. Later, Koehler (1922) changed his previous identification of the Hirondelle material, and placed them under the Caribbean O. mesembria, extending its geographical distribution to the Mid-Atlantic and its vertical distribution from 1,143 m to 2,870 m. This species may also occur at Madeira Archipelago (Jesus & Abreu 1998, as Ophiacantha cf. mesembria)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Clark, H. L. (1915) Catalogue of recent ophiurans. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 25 (4), 165 - 376.","Koehler, R. (1898) Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du yacht Hirondelle (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre- Neuve). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 12, 1 - 78.","Koehler, R. (1922) Ophiurans of the Philippine Seas and adjacent waters. Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum Bulletin, 100 (5), 1 - 486.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Benavides-Serrato, M., Borrero-Perez, G. H. & Diaz-Sanchez, C. M. (2011) Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuoridea. Vol. 22. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, Santa Marta, 384 pp.","Jesus, D. & Abreu, A. D. (1998) Contribution to the knowledge of the soft bottom echinoderms of Madeira Island. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal (Historia Natural), 50 (286), 59 - 69., 4 figs."]}

Hymenaster tenuispinus Sibuet, 1976 Reports for the Azores: Hymenaster tenuispinus $ Sibuet, 1976: 289–291, fig. 3. Type locality: off Brittany, France (47°34’N, 8°38’W). See: Sibuet (1976); A.M. Clark & Downey (1992: 323). Occurrence: Northeast Atlantic, from west of Brittany (France) south to North of Galicia (Spain) in the Bay of Biscay west to the Azores (Sibuet 1976). Depth: 2,120–2,245 m (AZO: 2,120 m; Sibuet 1976). Remarks: the relatively unknown Hymenaster tenuispinus was described by Sibuet (1976) to encompass specimens collected in the Bay of Biscay. Sibuet also identified this species among the material taken in the southwest of Flores Island by the Jean Charcot during the expedition Biacores (sta 131BL: 39°04’30”N, 32°43’30”W, 2,120 m). Recently, Dilman (2013) noted that some of the specimens collected in the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone north of the Azores shared characters with H. tenuispinus and the sub-Antarctic H. coccinatus. According to Dilman, these two species differ only by the number of adambulacral and oral spines, a character that appears to be size-related. Hymenaster tenuispinus may prove to be a junior synonym based on juveniles or subadults of H. coccinatus, a species previously thought to be restricted to the waters between Marion and the Crozet Islands., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Sibuet, M. (1976) The genus Hymenaster (Asterids) in the Atlantic ocean. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle), 368 (256), 305 - 324.","Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Natural History Museum Publications. Chapman & Hall, London, 794 pp.","Dilman, A. B. (2013) Asteroid fauna of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge: additional records. Marine Biology Research, 9 (5 - 6), 563 - 586. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2012.749993"]}

Ophiacantha lineata Koehler, 1896b Reports for the Azores: Ophiacantha lineata $ Koehler, 1896b: 247–249, 1909: 187–188, pl. 25, figs. 6–8, 1921a: 2, 4; Mortensen 1927a: 188; Cherbonnier & Sibuet 1972: 398; $ Paterson 1985: 42–44, fig. 19; García-Diez et al. 2005: 49. Type locality: Azores (38°26’N, 26°30’45”W). See: Koehler (1896b); Bartsch (1987: 122–123, figs. 20–21); Paterson (1985). Occurrence: North Atlantic, from Florida eastwards from Rockall to Western Sahara, including the Azores (Paterson 1985). Depth: 500– 3,175 m (Koehler 1914 a, Cherbonnier & Sibuet 1972); AZO: 1,165 –1,378 m (Koehler 1909, 1921a). Habitat: soft sediments, sand with coral and shells (Koehler 1914a). Remarks: Koehler (1896b, 1909) described Ophiacantha lineata based on specimens collected in the Azores by Princesse Alice (sta 578: 38°26’N, 26°30’45”W, 1,165 m). Koehler (1921a) found further material from the archipelago on a later expedition by Hirondelle II (sta 3140: 37°38’N, 26°01’W, 1,378 m). No other material is known from the archipelago., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Koehler, R. (1896 b) Note preliminaire sur les Ophiures des premieres campagnes de la \" Princesse Alice \". Memoires. Societe Zoologique de France, 9, 241 - 253.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Cherbonnier, G. & Sibuet, M. (1972) Resultats scientifiques de la campagne Noratlante: Asterides et Ophiurides. Bulletin du Museum National D'histoire Naturelle, 102 (76), 1333 - 1394.","Paterson, G. L. J. (1985) The deep-sea Ophiuroidea of the North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series, 49 (1), 1 - 162.","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","Bartsch, I. (1987) Notes on Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from the northeastern Atlantic Ocean. I. Ophiacanthidae. Spixiana, 10, 115 - 130.","Koehler, R. (1914 a) A Contribution to the Study of Ophiurans of the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 84, 1 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.84.1","Cherbonnier, G. & Guille, A. (1972) Sur une espece actuelle de Crinoide cretacique de la famille Holopodidae: Cyanthidium foresti nov. sp. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des seances de l'Academie des sciences. Serie D, Sciences Naturelles, 274, 2193 - 2196.","Koehler, R. (1921 a) Echinodermes (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides) des dernieres campagnes de la Princesse-Alice et de l' Hirondelle II. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco, 396, 1 - 8."]}

Styracaster elongatus Koehler, 1907a Reports for the Azores: Styracaster elongatus Koehler, 1907 a— $ Koehler 1909: 33–38, pl. 19, figs. 5–6, pl. 20, figs. 1, 3–4, pl. 21, figs. 3–5; Madsen 1961: 110–113, fig. 19, pl. 10, figs. 1–2; Sibuet 1975: 101; García-Diez et al. 2005: 47. Type locality: East of the Azores (37°17’N, 20°14’W). See: Madsen (1961); A.M. Clark & Downey (1992: 103–104, fig. 19k, pl. 27, fig. I). Occurrence: Indian and Atlantic Oceans (Madsen 1961); from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean deep waters (A.M. Clark & Downey 1992), eastwards to the Azores (Koehler 1909), the Porcupine Abyssal Plain (SW Ireland; Howell et al. 2002) southwards to the Angola Basin (Sibuet 1975). Depth: 3,310 –6,600 m (A.M. Clark & Downey 1992); AZO: 4,020 m (Koehler 1909). Habitat: soft sediments, Globigerina ooze and sandy mud (Madsen 1961). Remarks: Styracaster elongatus is known from the Azores based on a single specimen reported by Koehler (1909; Princesse Alice, sta 527: 38°09’00”N, 23°15’45”W, 4,020 m). The scarcity of local records can be explained by the species’ known depth range both in the Azores (> 4,000 m) and through its geographical range (> 3,000 m)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 83, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Koehler, R. (1907 a) Note preliminaire sur quelques Asteries et Ophiures provenant des campagnes de la Princesse Alice. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco, 99, 1 - 47.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Madsen, F. J. (1961) The Porcellanasteridae. A monographic revision of an abyssal group of sea stars. Galathea Reports, 4, 33 - 174.","Sibuet, M. (1975) Asterides abyssales de l'Atlantique sud. (Resultats de la campagne Walda, juin-juillet-ao r t 1971). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 3 (289), 281 - 297.","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Natural History Museum Publications. Chapman & Hall, London, 794 pp.","Howell, K. L., Billett, D. S. M. & Tyler, P. A. (2002) Depth-related distribution and abundance of seastars (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) in the Porcupine Seabight and Porcupine Abyssal Plain, N. E. Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research I, 49, 1901 - 1920. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0967 - 0637 (02) 00090 - 0"]}

Histampica duplicata (Lyman, 1875) Reports for the Azores: Amphiura duplicata Lyman, 1875 — $ Koehler 1896a: 208, 1896b: 244, 1898: 49–50; Grieg 1932: 37; Ophiactis duplicata, (Lyman, 1875) — $ Koehler 1909: 171; Amphiactis duplicata (Lyman, 1875) — Mortensen 1927a: 198; Histampica duplicata (Lyman, 1875) — García-Diez et al. 2005: 48. Type locality: Barbados, Caribbean. See: Lyman (1875: 19–20, fig. 87, pl. 5, fig. 78, as Amphiura duplicata); Paterson (1985: 79, 80, fig. 32); Benavides-Serrato et al. (2011: 313–314). Occurrence: cosmopolitan, in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans; in the west Atlantic, from Bermuda (Lyman 1882) and Caribbean to Brazil (Downey 1969); in the East Atlantic, from the Faeroe Plateau (Tyler et al. 2005) and Reykjanes Ridge (South of Iceland; Martynov & Litvinova 2008) to North Africa (Paterson 1985) including the Azores and Cape Verde archipelagos (Koehler 1909). Depth: 125– 2,870 m (Paterson 1985); AZO: 1,095 –2,178 m (Koehler 1909). Habitat: hard to soft (sand or mud) substrates; can be found in association with azooxanthellate corals (Benavides-Serrato et al. 2011). Remarks: Despite being known in the archipelago only by historical reports, Histampica duplicata appears to be common in the Azorean deep-waters as Koehler (1898, 1909) recorded this species at numerous Hirondelle and Princesse Alice stations, from depths around 1000 m to 2000 m., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on pages 28-29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Lyman, T. (1875) Zoological Results of the Hassler Expedition. 2. Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae. Illustrated catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 8 (2), 1 - 34.","Koehler, R. (1896 a) Note preliminaire sur les Ophiures recueillies pendant les campagnes de \" L'Hirondelle \". Memoires. Societe Zoologique de France, 9, 203 - 213.","Koehler, R. (1896 b) Note preliminaire sur les Ophiures des premieres campagnes de la \" Princesse Alice \". Memoires. Societe Zoologique de France, 9, 241 - 253.","Koehler, R. (1898) Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du yacht Hirondelle (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre- Neuve). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 12, 1 - 78.","Grieg, J. A. (1932) Echinodermata. Report of the scientific results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic deep sea expedition 1910, 3 (2), 1 - 47.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","Paterson, G. L. J. (1985) The deep-sea Ophiuroidea of the North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series, 49 (1), 1 - 162.","Benavides-Serrato, M., Borrero-Perez, G. H. & Diaz-Sanchez, C. M. (2011) Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuoridea. Vol. 22. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, Santa Marta, 384 pp.","Lyman, T. (1882) Report on the Ophiuroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 5 (14), 1 - 386.","Downey, M. E. (1969) Catalog of Recent Ophiuroid Type Specimens in Major Collections in the United States. United States National Museum Bulletin, 293, 1 - 239. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.293","Tyler, P. A., Emson, R. H., Sumida, P. & Howell, K. (2005) Ophiuroid distribution at sublittoral and bathyal depths round the Faroe Islands, NE Atlantic Ocean. BIOFAR Proceedings, 2005, 175 - 194.","Martynov, A. V. & Litvinova, N. M. (2008) Deep-water Ophiuroidea of the northern Atlantic with descriptions of three new species and taxonomic remarks on certain genera and species. Marine Biology Research, 4, 76 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000701840066"]}

Penilpidia midatlantica Gebruk, 2008 Reports for the Azores: Penilpidia midatlantica $ Gebruk, 2008: 52–54, figs. 4–6; Rogacheva et al. 2013: 610–611. Type locality: Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Azores (42°48’N, 29°38’W). See: Gebruk (2008). Occurrence: known only from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, from SE of the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone (Rogacheva et al. 2013) south to the Azores (Gebruk 2008). Depth: 2,063 –2,750 m (Gebruk 2008, Rogacheva et al. 2013); AZO: 2,063 –2,107 m (Gebruk 2008). Habitat: a probable benthopelagic species (Rogacheva et al. 2012). Remarks: Gebruk (2008) described Penilpidia midatlantica based on material collected in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, in the northern waters of the Azores EEZ (G.O. Sars, MAR–ECO cruise, sta 42/368: 42°48’N, 29°38’W, 2,063 –2,107 m). Additionally, on reviewing the genus Penilpidia with a redescription of its type species P. ludwigi (Marenzeller, 1893), Gebruk et al. (2013) recently concluded that due to differences in ossicles composition and morphology, P. midatlantica should be assigned to a new genus., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on pages 140-141, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Gebruk, A. V. (2008) Holothurians (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge collected by the G. O. Sars MAR-ECO expedition with descriptions of four new species. In: Gebruk, A. V. (Ed.) Benthic fauna of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge: results of the MAR-ECO expedition. Marine Biology Research, 4 (1 - 2), pp. 48 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000701842898","Rogacheva, A., Gebruk, A. & Alt, C. H. S. (2013) Holothuroidea of the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone area, northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Marine Biology Research, 9 (5 - 6), 587 - 623.","Rogacheva, A., Gebruk, A. & Alt, C. H. S. (2012) Swimming deep-sea holothurians (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) on the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Zoosymposia, 7, 213 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2012.750428","Marenzeller, E. von (1893) Contribution a l'etude des Holothuries de l'Atlantique N'ord (Golfe de Gascogne, Iles Acores). Resultats Campagnes Scientifiques du Prince de Monaco, 6, 1 - 32. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11304","Gebruk, A. V., Rogacheva, A. V., Pawson, D. L., Hamel, J. - F., Macisaac, K. G. & Mercier, A. (2013) Penilidia desbarresi sp. nov. (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Elasipodida) from the upper slope of Newfoundland and re-description of P. ludwigi (von Marenzeller, 1893). Marine Biology Research, 9 (10), 1029 - 1036. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2013.793810"]}

Ophiactis virens (Sars, 1859) Reports from the Azores: Ophiactis sp.—? $ Simroth 1888: 231; Ophiactis virens (Sars, 1859) — Koehler 1924: 194–197; Mortensen 1927a: 199; Tortonese 1965: 238–239, fig. 110; Marques 1980: 102; $ Castro & Viegas 1983: 24; $ Marques 1983: 3; Pereira 1997: 332; Jesus & Abreu 1998: 65; Micael & Costa 2010: 322; Micael et al. 2012: 3. Type locality: Mediterranean Sea. See: Tortonese (1965). Occurrence: Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea; along the Western African coast to? Cape Verde (Koehler 1924, Tortonese 1965) including the archipelagos of the Azores (Marques 1983), Madeira (Jesus & Abreu 1998) and Canaries (Bacallado et al. 1985). Depth: 0–90 m (Tortonese 1965); a littoral species in the Azores (Marques 1983). Habitat: rocky shores, coralligenous concretions, under stones and among algae and bryozoans; can form large aggregations (Tortonese 1965). Larval stage: unknown; also reproduces asexually through fission (Tortonese 1965). Remarks: Koehler (1924) listed the Azores and Cape Verde in the geographical distribution of Ophiactis virens. We do not know the original observation on which he based these records. In the echinoderm fauna of the Azores, Simroth (1888) reported an Ophiactis sp., which may represent the first record of O. virens to the archipelago since is the only Ophiactis species ever reported in Azorean shallow waters. Regardless, Castro & Viegas (1983) and Marques (1983) reported having collected O. virens throughout the Azorean archipelago, thus confirming the presence of this species in the Azores. Both studies indicate that locally O. virens lives among algae, but Marques added that this species was far less abundant compared to Amphipholis squamata. We do not know where Castro & Viegas have deposited their material and we could not find Marques’ material at the Museu Bocage, Natural History Museum (Lisbon). The zoological collection of the Department of Biology of the University of the Azores houses a large number of samples derived from rocky shore algae scrapings collected over a time period of twenty years. Among those, we found numerous specimens of A. squamata, yet we have failed to find a single specimen of O. virens. The presence in the collection of numerous specimens belonging to a species does not necessarily imply a high local abundance (biased sampling), but its absence on the other hand may reflect its rare status at present. It is possible that local populations of this fissiparous six-armed species have simply declined since the publications by Castro & Viegas or Marques in the 1980s., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on pages 25-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Sars, M. (1859) Bidrag til Kundskaben om Middelhavets Littoral-Fauna. Nyt Magazin f ˆ r Naturvidenskaberne, 10, 1 - 99.","Simroth, H. (1888) Zur kenntnis der Azorenfauna. Archiv f ̡ r Naturgeschichte, Berlin, 54 (1), 179 - 234.","Koehler, R. (1924) Les echinodermes des mers d'Europe. Encyclopedie Scientifique. Tome I. Libraire Octave Doin, Paris, XIII + 361 pp.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna D'Italia-Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 422 pp.","Marques, V. M. (1980) Echinodermes recueillis pedant la mission \" Hesperides 76 \" du N / O Jean Charcot. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, 2 ª Serie, 7 (7), 95 - 107.","Castro, M. L. & Viegas, M. C. (1983) Estudo dos povoamentos de algas fotofilas da ilha de S. Miguel (Acores). Arquipelago, Serie Ciencias da Natureza, 4, 7 - 30.","Marques, V. M. (1983) Peuplements benthiques de Acores, 1 - echinoderms. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, AII (I), 1 - 7.","Pereira, M. (1997) Checklist of the littoral echinoderms of the Azores. Acoreana, 8 (3), 331 - 337.","Jesus, D. & Abreu, A. D. (1998) Contribution to the knowledge of the soft bottom echinoderms of Madeira Island. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal (Historia Natural), 50 (286), 59 - 69., 4 figs.","Micael, J. & Costa A. C. (2010) Echinodermata. In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Oeiras, pp. 321 - 323.","Micael, J., Alves, M. J., Jones, M. B. & Costa, A. C. (2012) Diversity of shallow-water asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Azorean Archipelago. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5, e 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267211000534","Bacallado, J. J., Moreno, E. & Perez-Ruzafa, A. (1985) Echinodermata (Canary Islands) provisional Check-list. In: Keegan, B. F. & O'Connor, B. D. S. (Eds.), Echinodermata; Proceedings of the 5 th International Echinoderm Conference, Galway, September 1984. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 149 - 151."]}

Peniagone longipapillata Gebruk, 2008 Reports for the Azores: Peniagone longipapillata $ Gebruk, 2008: 56–58, figs. 1B, 9–10; Gebruk et al. 2014: 162. Type locality: Mid-Atlantic Ridge, north of the Azores waters (43°01’N, 28°33’W). See: Gebruk (2008); Rogacheva et al. (2013: 606–608, figs. 12K–M, 17O, 18F, G, P). Occurrence: Northeast Atlantic, on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone to the north of the Azores (Gebruk 2008) and eastwards to the Whittard Canyon and Porcupine Seabight (Rogacheva et al. 2013). Depth: 2,272–3,500 m (Rogacheva et al. 2012, 2013); AZO: 2,954–3,050 m (Gebruk 2008). Habitat: frequent swimmer (benthopelagic; Rogacheva et al. 2013). Remarks: Gebruk (2008) recently reported specimens belonging to Peniagone longipapillata among the material taken in northern Azorean waters (G.O. Sars, MAR–ECO, sta 40/367: 42°55’N, 30°20’W, 2,954 –2,968 m; sta 46/372: 42°46’N, 29°16’W; 3,005 –3,050 m). This holothurian was observed swimming for the first time by Rogacheva et al. (2012) and classified by these authors as a frequent swimmer, though spending most of its time feeding on the sea floor., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 140, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Gebruk, A. V. (2008) Holothurians (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge collected by the G. O. Sars MAR-ECO expedition with descriptions of four new species. In: Gebruk, A. V. (Ed.) Benthic fauna of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge: results of the MAR-ECO expedition. Marine Biology Research, 4 (1 - 2), pp. 48 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000701842898","Gebruk, A. V., Smirnov, A. V. & Rogacheva, A. V. (2014) Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Holothuroidea. Invertebrate Zoology, 11 (1), 156 - 180. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.15","Rogacheva, A., Gebruk, A. & Alt, C. H. S. (2013) Holothuroidea of the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone area, northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Marine Biology Research, 9 (5 - 6), 587 - 623.","Rogacheva, A., Gebruk, A. & Alt, C. H. S. (2012) Swimming deep-sea holothurians (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) on the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Zoosymposia, 7, 213 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2012.750428"]}

Erroneous— Freyella recta Koehler, 1907a Reports for the Azores: Freyella recta Koehler, 1907 a—Grieg 1932: 31; Mortensen 1927a: 122. Type locality: Mid-Atlantic Ridge (31°45’30”N, 42°42’30”W). See: Koehler (1909: 127–129, pl. 21, fig. 7, pl. 22, fig. 4, pl. 3, figs. 3–5); A.M. Clark & Downey (1992: 485–486, fig. 73). Occurrence: known with certainty from the type material collected only from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (A.M. Clark & Downey 1992). Depth: 3,465 m (Koehler 1909). Habitat: soft bottoms (Globigerina ooze; Koehler 1909). Remarks: Freyella recta is known only with certainty from the type material (A.M. Clark & Downey 1992). This species was described by Koehler (1907a, 1909) based on a poorly preserved specimen taken by Princesse Alice in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, about 600 miles southwest from the Azorean waters. Later reports from the archipelago by Mortensen (1927a) and Grieg (1932) erroneously placed the record of Princesse Alice cruise in the archipelago., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on pages 168-169, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Koehler, R. (1907 a) Note preliminaire sur quelques Asteries et Ophiures provenant des campagnes de la Princesse Alice. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco, 99, 1 - 47.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Natural History Museum Publications. Chapman & Hall, London, 794 pp.","Grieg, J. A. (1932) Echinodermata. Report of the scientific results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic deep sea expedition 1910, 3 (2), 1 - 47."]}

Ophioconis forbesi (Heller, 1863) Reports for the Azores: Ophioconis forbesi L̹tken, 1869 — $ Koehler 1896a: 213, 1898: 58; Ophioconis forbesi (Heller, 1863) — $ Koehler 1909: 141; Koehler 1921b: 89–90, fig. 59; Mortensen 1927a: 227; Tortonese 1965: 262–263, fig. 120; Pereira 1997: 332; García-Diez et al. 2005: 50; Micael & Costa 2010: 322; Micael et al. 2012: 3. Type locality: Adriatic (Mediterranean Sea). See: Heller (1863: 422–424, pl. 2, figs. 5–8) Koehler (1921b); Tortonese (1965). Occurrence: Mediterranean Sea and Northeast Atlantic, from the Bay of Biscay to Moroccan coasts (Tortonese 1965), including the archipelagos of the Azores (Koehler 1909) and Canaries (Hernández et al. 2013), and the seamounts of Josephine, Seine and Gettysburg (Koehler 1909). Depth: 20–230 m (Koehler 1921b, Cherbonnier & Sibuet 1972); AZO: 98–130 m (Koehler 1898, 1909). Habitat: sand, gravel and shells to rock; also among coralligenous algae; found in association with Ophiura albida Forbes, 1939 (Koehler 1921b). Remarks: Koehler (1896a, 1898, 1909) identified the only two specimens of Ophioconis forbesi known from the Azores, collected by Hirondelle (sta 226: 38°31’19”N, 28°34’31”W, 130 m) and Princesse Alice (sta 882: 38°03’40”N, 28°34’45”W, 98 m)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Heller, C. (1863) Untersuchungen ʾ ber die Litoralfauna des adriatischen Meeres. Sitzungsberichte der mathematischnaturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, 46, 415 - 448.","L ʾ tken, C. F. (1869) Additamenta ad historiam Ophiuridarum. Tredie Afdelning. Det kongelige danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter. Femte Raekke, Naturvidenskabelig og mathematisk Afdelning, 8, 20 - 109.","Koehler, R. (1896 a) Note preliminaire sur les Ophiures recueillies pendant les campagnes de \" L'Hirondelle \". Memoires. Societe Zoologique de France, 9, 203 - 213.","Koehler, R. (1898) Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du yacht Hirondelle (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre- Neuve). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 12, 1 - 78.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Koehler, R. (1921 b) Echinodermes. Faune de France. 1. Librairie de la Faculte des Sciences, Paris, 216 pp.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna D'Italia-Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 422 pp.","Pereira, M. (1997) Checklist of the littoral echinoderms of the Azores. Acoreana, 8 (3), 331 - 337.","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","Micael, J. & Costa A. C. (2010) Echinodermata. In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Oeiras, pp. 321 - 323.","Micael, J., Alves, M. J., Jones, M. B. & Costa, A. C. (2012) Diversity of shallow-water asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Azorean Archipelago. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5, e 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267211000534","Hernandez, J. C., Clemente S., Tuya F., Perez-Ruzafa, A., Sangil, C., Moro-Abad, L. & Bacallado-Aranega, J. J (2013) Echinoderms of the Canary Islands, Spain. In: Alvarado J. J. & Solis-Marin F. A. (Eds.), Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg, pp. 471 - 510. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 20051 - 9 _ 15","Cherbonnier, G. & Sibuet, M. (1972) Resultats scientifiques de la campagne Noratlante: Asterides et Ophiurides. Bulletin du Museum National D'histoire Naturelle, 102 (76), 1333 - 1394."]}

Erroneous— Laetmogone wyvillethomsoni Théel, 1879 Reports for the Azores: non Laetmogone wyvillethomsoni Théel, 1879 — Hérouard 1902: 31–32, pl. 4, figs. 10–16 [misidentification]; Mortensen 1927a: 361 [based on Hérouard 1902]; Grieg 1932: 5, 46 [based on Hérouard 1902]. Type locality: off Chile, Southern Pacific Ocean. See: Hansen (1975: 54–57, fig. 20); O’Loughlin (2002: 321). Occurrence: Southern Ocean and Antarctica (Hansen 1975). Depth: 245– 4,410 m (O’Loughlin 2002). Habitat: soft substrates (Hansen 1975). Remarks: Hansen (1975) believed that all historical reports of Laetmogone wyvillethomsoni from the Atlantic were misidentifications of closely similar species such as L. violacea. However, on re-examination of the specimens identified by Hérouard (1902) from the Azores, Hansen suggested that these animals belonged to a yet unnamed new species (see also remarks under L. violacea)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on pages 176-177, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Theel, H. (1879) Preliminary report on the Holothuridae of the Exploring voyage of H. M. S. Challenger. Bihang till Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien Handlingar, 5 (19), 1 - 24.","Herouard, E. (1902) Holothuries Provenant Des Campagnes De La Princesse-Alice (1892 - 1897). Reisultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht, Fasc. 21, 1 - 62.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Grieg, J. A. (1932) Echinodermata. Report of the scientific results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic deep sea expedition 1910, 3 (2), 1 - 47.","Hansen, B. (1975) Systematics and biology of the deep-sea holothurians: Elasipoda. Galathea report: scientific results of the Danish deep-sea expedition round the world 1950 - 1952. Galathea, 13, 1 - 262.","O'Loughlin, P. M. (2002) Report on selected species of Banzare and Anare Holothuroidea, with reviews of Meseres Ludwig and Heterocucumis Panning (Echinodermata). Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 59 (2), 297 - 325. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2002.59.3"]}

Ophiactis nidarosiensis ? Mortensen, 1920 Reports for the Azores: non Ophiactis hirta Lyman, 1879 —? $ Koehler 1909: 171 [misidentification]. Type locality: Trondhjemfjord, Norway. See: Mortensen (1920: 60–63, fig. 5; 1933b: 346–347, fig. 58a). Occurrence: recorded from the Scandinavia, Iceland, southern Africa, off Gough Island (Tristan da Cunha, S Atlantic) and?Azores (Mortensen 1920, 1933a, 1936). Depth: 102–560 m (Mortensen 1933a, 1936); AZO:? 1,095 m (Koehler 1909). Habitat: ?volcanic sand (AZO; Koehler 1909). Larval stage: unknown; also reproduces asexually through fission (Mortensen 1920). Remarks: Koehler (1909) described a small six-armed specimen collected by Princesse Alice in Azorean waters (sta 1344: 38°45’30”N, 28°7’45”W, 1,095 m) as distinct from the type material of Ophiactis hirta collected by Lyman (1879, H.M.S. Challenger) in the Pacific, but not enough to consider it a different species. H.L. Clark (1918) suggested this specimen might represent a juvenile stage of Ophiactis abyssicola, a cosmopolitan deep-water species. Mortensen (1920, 1927) believed this specimen was actually O. nidarosiensis. Unfortunately, the specimen collected by Princesse Alice was lost (Mortensen 1920), and until new material is retrieved, the presence of either species in the archipelago should be considered as doubtful., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Mortensen, T. (1920) Notes on some Scandinavian Echinoderms with descriptions of two new Ophiuroids. Videnskabelige Meddelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i KjObenhavn, 72, 45 - 79.","Lyman, T. (1879) Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the \" Challenger \" expedition. Part II. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 6 (2), 17 - 83.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Mortensen, T. (1933 a) Ophiuroidea. The Danish Ingolf Expedition, 4 b (8), 1 - 121.","Mortensen, T. (1936) Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea. Discovery Reports, 12, 199 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8051","Clark, H. L. (1918) Brittle stars, New and Old. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 62, 265 - 338."]}

Psilaster andromeda andromeda ? (Müller & Troschel, 1842) Reports for the Azores: p.p. Psilaster andromeda (D̹ben & Karen, 1846)—? $ Perrier 1894: 195–196; Perrier 1896a: 17, 1896a: 51; Psilaster andromeda (M̹ller & Troschel, 1842)—? $ Koehler 1909: 60, pl. 2, fig. 3, pl. 16, figs. 8–9; Koehler 1924: 205; Mortensen 1927a: 59–60, fig. 33; Marques 1980: 100; Gage et al. 1983: 274–275; Psilaster andromeda andromeda (M̹ller & Troschel, 1842)— García-Diez et al. 2005: 47. Type locality: Kattegat (probably off Bohuslan, western Sweden). See: A.M. Clark & Downey (1992: 77–78, figs. 14a, 15a–c, k, I, pl. 21, figs. D–G); Dilman (2006: 180). Occurrence: Northeast Atlantic cold waters, from the Arctic south to the SE of Greenland, the Reykjanes Ridge, Iceland-Faeroe Rise and from Scandinavia to the Bay of Biscay (A.M. Clark & Downey 1992, Dilman 2006) and the?Azores (Koehler 1909); the subspecies P. andromeda florae (Verrill, 1889) is known from south of Newfoundland to SE of Cape May, New Jersey (c. 38°30’N; A.M. Clark & Downey 1992). Depth: 70– 2,965 m (A.M. Clark & Downey 1992, Dilman 2006);? AZO: 140– 1,440 m (Perrier 1894, Koehler 1909). Habitat: soft sediments (mud or ooze; A.M. Clark & Downey 1992); predates on molluscs, echinoderms (young spatangoids), foraminifera, etc. (Mortensen 1927a). Remarks: A.M. Clark & Downey (1992) reviewed the bathymetrical and geographical distributions of Psilaster andromeda and concluded that it could not be established with certainty. One of the main contributing factors is that this highly variable species has been frequently confused with other similar species, such as Persephonaster patagiatus and P. sphenoplax, both overlapping the geographic distribution of Psilaster andromeda andromeda. They further suggest that records south of the Bay of Biscay are zoogeographically unlikely, thus implying that the only known Azorean records by Perrier (1894, 1896a) are misidentifications. Historically, Koehler (1909) had already questioned the validity of the determinations made by Perrier on the material from the Talisman and Hirondelle stating that the later author confused P. andromeda with P. patagiatus. On re-examination of the material taken by Hirondelle Koehler confirmed his suspicions and remarked that all specimens belonged to the latter species. As for the material collected by Talisman, Koehler commented that both species were present. However, A.M. Clark & Downey (1992) suspected that Koehler himself confused P. andromeda with P. sphenoplax. Additionally, on finding a great variability of the diagnostic characters for P. andromeda subspecies Dilman (2006) showed some concerns on their subspecific value., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 79, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["M ʾ ller, J. & Troschel, F. H. (1842) System der Asteriden. Vieweg und Sohn, Braunschweig, xxx + 134 pp.","Perrier, M. E. (1894) Stellerides. Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman. Masson, Paris, 431 pp.","Perrier, M. E. (1896 a) Contribution a l'etude des stellerides de l'Atlantique Nord (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre-Neuve). Resultats Des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies Par Le Prince Albert I, Monaco, 11, 1 - 571.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Koehler, R. (1924) Les echinodermes des mers d'Europe. Encyclopedie Scientifique. Tome I. Libraire Octave Doin, Paris, XIII + 361 pp.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Marques, V. M. (1980) Echinodermes recueillis pedant la mission \" Hesperides 76 \" du N / O Jean Charcot. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, 2 ª Serie, 7 (7), 95 - 107.","Gage, J. D., Billett, D. S. M., Jensen, M. & Tyler, P. A. (1983) Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas. I. Crinoidea, Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 45, 263 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 28002","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Natural History Museum Publications. Chapman & Hall, London, 794 pp.","Dilman, A. B. (2006) Asteroid fauna of the Reykjanes Ridge. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. & Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Scientific Press, Russian Academy of Sciences, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, pp. 177 - 192."]}

Oneirophanta mutabilis mutabilis Théel, 1879 Reports for the Azores: Oneirophanta mutabilis Théel, 1879 — $ Gebruk 2008: 50, 51. Type locality: Between Marion and Crozet Islands (46°46’S, 45°31’E). See: Théel (1879: 6–7, pl. 1, figs. 4–6); Hansen (1975: 24–32, figs. 2–5). Occurrence: cosmopolitan, in the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and Southern Oceans; from the Rockall Trough (Gage et al. 1985) south to the waters between the Azores and the Iberian Peninsula (Hérouard 1923, Gebruk 2008); reported elsewhere off Uruguay, South Atlantic (36°44’S, 46°16’W; Théel 1882); O. mutabilis affinis Ludwig, 1893 is restricted to the East Pacific (Hansen 1975). Depth: 1,804 –6,000 m (Hérouard 1923, Tyler et al. 1985a), mostly deeper than 3,200 (Gage et al. 1985); AZO: 2,954 –3,050 m (Gebruk 2008). Habitat: epibenthic on soft sediments, from sandy clay to ooze (Hansen 1975). Larval stage: possibly direct or lecithotrophic (Tyler et al. 1985a). Remarks: historically, the cosmopolitan Oneirophanta mutabilis mutabilis was recorded in the waters near the Azores, between the archipelago and the European continental shores (e.g., Perrier 1902, as Oneirophanta mutabilis). Recently, Gebruk (2008) reported this species within the archipelago waters (G.O. Sars, MAR–ECO cruise, sta 40/367: 42°55’N, 30°20’W, 2,954 –2,968 m; sta 46/372: 42°46’N, 29°16’W, 3,005 –3,050 m). The somehow discontinuous distribution of this cosmopolitan species in the Atlantic may reflect an artefact produced by insufficient sampling as a consequence of the great depths in which the species is usually found., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Theel, H. (1879) Preliminary report on the Holothuridae of the Exploring voyage of H. M. S. Challenger. Bihang till Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akademien Handlingar, 5 (19), 1 - 24.","Gebruk, A. V. (2008) Holothurians (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge collected by the G. O. Sars MAR-ECO expedition with descriptions of four new species. In: Gebruk, A. V. (Ed.) Benthic fauna of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge: results of the MAR-ECO expedition. Marine Biology Research, 4 (1 - 2), pp. 48 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000701842898","Hansen, B. (1975) Systematics and biology of the deep-sea holothurians: Elasipoda. Galathea report: scientific results of the Danish deep-sea expedition round the world 1950 - 1952. Galathea, 13, 1 - 262.","Gage, J. D., Billett, D. S. M., Jensen, M. & Tyler, P. A. (1985) Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas. 2. Echinoidea and Holothurioidea. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 48 (4), 173 - 214.","Herouard, E. (1923) Holothuries provenant des campagnes des yachts Princesse-Alice et Hirondelle ii. (1898 - 1915). Resultats Campagnes Scientifiques Prince de Monaco, 66, 1 - 161.","Theel, H. (1882) Report on the Holothuroidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Challenger Reports, Zoology, 4, 1 - 176.","Ludwig, H. (1893) Vorlaufiger Bericht uber die erbeuteten Holothurien. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 24 (4), 105 - 114.","Tyler, P. A., Muirhead, A., Gage, J. D. & Billett, D. S. M. (1985 a) Gametogenic strategies in deep-sea echinoids and holothurians from the NE Atlantic. In: Keegan, B. F. & O'Connor, B. D. S. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 5 th International Echinoderm Conference, Galway, September 1984. Balkema, Amsterdam, pp. 135 - 140.","Perrier, R. (1902) Holothuries. In: Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pendant les Annees 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883. Ouvrage publie sous les auspices du ministere de l'instruction publique sous la direction de A. Milne-Edwards de 1888 a 1890 et continue par E. Perrier. Vol. 7. Masson et Cie, Editeurs, Paris, pp. 273 - 554."]}

Amphiura (Amphiura) grandisquama Lyman, 1869 Reports for the Azores: Amphiura longispina $ Koehler, 1896a: 211–212, 1898: 52–53, pl. 9, figs. 45–46; Amphiura grandisquama Lyman, 1869 — $ Koehler 1907b: 301, 1909: 177–178; Koehler 1914b: 190–191; Mortensen 1927a: 209; Madsen 1970: 177–178, fig. 12; Paterson 1985: 87, fig. 33; García-Diez et al. 2005: 48. Type locality: off Tennessee Reef (Florida Strait). See: Lyman (1869: 334–337); Madsen (1970); Paterson (1985). Occurrence: cosmopolitan, in the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian Oceans and in the?Mediterranean Sea; in the west Atlantic from South Carolina to the Caribbean (Koehler 1914a), including Tristan da Cunha (Mortensen 1936); in the east Atlantic from Iceland to the Gulf of Guinea (Mortensen 1936), including the Azores (Koehler 1909), Madeira (Jesus & Abreu 1998), Canaries, Cape Verde (Koehler 1906b), Saint Helena (Mortensen 1933c), Meteor and Josephine seamounts (Bartsch 2008). The subspecies A. grandisquama natalensis Mortensen 1933b is restricted to southern Africa (Alva & Vadon 1989). Depth: (?2)18– 2,870 m (Mortensen 1936, Cherbonnier & Sibuet 1972); AZO: 599–880 m (Koehler 1909). Habitat: soft to hard substrates (Koehler 1909). Larval stage: brooder (embryos are kept in the bursae until the juvenile stage is reached; Bartsch 2008). Remarks: Koehler (1896a, 1898) described Amphiura longispina based on a single specimen collected by Hirondelle in the Azores (sta 242: 38°48’30”N, 27°58’46”W, 861 m). On the re-examination of A. grandisquama from the Caribbean, Koehler (1907b) confirmed both are conspecific. Additionally, the species Monamphiura apicula from the Mediterranean Sea (Tortonese 1965; Koukouras et al. 2007) has been considered conspecific with A. grandisquama by some authors (e.g., Madsen 1970; Paterson 1985; Bartsch 2008). If this is the case, the distribution range of the latter should be extended to the Mediterranean Sea and to depths as shallow as 2 m (Koukouras et al. 2007)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Lyman, T. (1869) Preliminary report on the Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae dredged in deep water between Cuba and the Florida Reef, by L. F. de Pourtales. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 1 (10), 309 - 354.","Koehler, R. (1896 a) Note preliminaire sur les Ophiures recueillies pendant les campagnes de \" L'Hirondelle \". Memoires. Societe Zoologique de France, 9, 203 - 213.","Koehler, R. (1898) Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du yacht Hirondelle (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre- Neuve). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 12, 1 - 78.","Koehler, R. (1907 b) Revision de la collection des Ophiures du Museum d'histoire Naturelle Paris. Bulletin Sciences de la France et de la Belgique, 41, 279 - 351.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Koehler, R. (1914 b) Echinoderma I: Asteroidea, ophiuroidea et Echnoidea. In: Michaelsen, W. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Meeresfauna Westafrikas. 1 (2). L. Friederichsen & Co., Hamburg, pp. 127 - 303.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Madsen, F. J. (1970) West African Ophiuroids. Atlantidae Report, 11, 151 - 243.","Paterson, G. L. J. (1985) The deep-sea Ophiuroidea of the North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series, 49 (1), 1 - 162.","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","Koehler, R. (1914 a) A Contribution to the Study of Ophiurans of the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 84, 1 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.84.1","Mortensen, T. (1936) Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea. Discovery Reports, 12, 199 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 8051","Jesus, D. & Abreu, A. D. (1998) Contribution to the knowledge of the soft bottom echinoderms of Madeira Island. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal (Historia Natural), 50 (286), 59 - 69., 4 figs.","Koehler, R. (1906 b) Ophiures. Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, 8, 245 - 311.","Mortensen, T. (1933 c) The echinoderms of St. Helena (Other than crinoids). Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening, 93, 401 - 473.","Bartsch, I. (2008) Notes on ophiuroids from the Great Meteor Seamount (Northeastern Atlantic). Spixiana, 31 (2), 233 - 239.","Mortensen, T. (1933 b) Echinoderms of South Africa (Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea). Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening, 93, 215 - 400.","Alva, V. & Vadon, C. (1989) Ophiuroids from the western coast of Africa (Namibia and Guinea-Bissau). Scientia Marina, 53, 827 - 845.","Cherbonnier, G. & Sibuet, M. (1972) Resultats scientifiques de la campagne Noratlante: Asterides et Ophiurides. Bulletin du Museum National D'histoire Naturelle, 102 (76), 1333 - 1394.","Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna D'Italia-Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 422 pp.","Koukouras, A., Sinis, A. I., Bobori, D., Kazantzidis, S. & Kitsos, M. - S. (2007) The echinoderm (Deuterostomia) fauna of the Aegean Sea, and comparison with those of the neighbouring seas. Journal of Biological Research, 7, 67 - 92."]}

Ophiochiton ternispinus Lyman, 1883 Reports for the Azores: Ophiochiton solutum $ Koehler, 1906a: 16–17, pl. 2, figs. 22–23, 1906b: 269–271, pl. 20, figs. 39–40; Ophiochiton solutus Koehler, 1906 a—Mortensen 1927a: 224; Ophiochiton ternispinus Lyman, 1883 — Paterson 1985: 96–98, fig. 39; Alva & Vadon 1989: 840; Martynov & Litvinova 2008: 104–107, fig. 17H; Benavides-Serrato et al. 2011: 331–332; Smirnov et al. 2014: 208. Type locality: southwest of Ireland. See: Lyman (1883: 255); Paterson (1985); Borges & Amaral (2007: 858); Benavides-Serrato et al. (2011). Occurrence: Atlantic Ocean, in the west from the Davis Strait (Mortensen 1933a) south through the NE American coasts to Brazil (Borges & Amaral 2007), including the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea and in east from SE of Iceland (Mortensen 1933a) to Namibia (Alva & Vadon 1989), including the Azores (Koehler, 1906b). Depth: 256– 2,220 m (Koehler, 1906 b, Alva & Vadon 1989); AZO: 2,155 –2,220 m (Koehler, 1906b). Habitat: soft substrates (Borges & Amaral 2007). Remarks: Koehler (1906a, b) described Ophiochiton solutus (= O. solutum) based on the specimens collected by Talisman at the NW African coast (type locality) and the Azores (sta 129, 1883: 38°00’N, 27°02’46”W, 2,155 –2,220 m). Later, Paterson (1985) found this species to be identical with O. ternispinus and established the synonymy., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Lyman, T. (1883) Report on the Ophiuroidea. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Caribbean Sea (1878 - 79), and on the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U. S. coast survey steamer \" Blake \", commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 10 (6), 227 - 287.","Koehler, R. (1906 a) Description des ophiures nouvelles recueillies par le Travailleur et le Talisman. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 19, 5 - 34.","Paterson, G. L. J. (1985) The deep-sea Ophiuroidea of the North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series, 49 (1), 1 - 162.","Alva, V. & Vadon, C. (1989) Ophiuroids from the western coast of Africa (Namibia and Guinea-Bissau). Scientia Marina, 53, 827 - 845.","Martynov, A. V. & Litvinova, N. M. (2008) Deep-water Ophiuroidea of the northern Atlantic with descriptions of three new species and taxonomic remarks on certain genera and species. Marine Biology Research, 4, 76 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000701840066","Benavides-Serrato, M., Borrero-Perez, G. H. & Diaz-Sanchez, C. M. (2011) Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuoridea. Vol. 22. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, Santa Marta, 384 pp.","Smirnov, I. S., Piepenburg, D., Ahearn, C. & Juterzenka, K. V. (2014) Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Ophiuroidea. Invertebrate Zoology, 11 (1), 192 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.18","Borges, M. & Amaral, A. C. Z. (2007) Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata): quatro novas ocorrencias para o Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 24 (4), 855 - 864. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0101 - 81752007000400001","Mortensen, T. (1933 a) Ophiuroidea. The Danish Ingolf Expedition, 4 b (8), 1 - 121.","Koehler, R. (1906 b) Ophiures. Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, 8, 245 - 311.","Klein, B. & Siedler, G. (1989) On the origin of the Azores Current. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 94 (C 5), 6159 - 6168."]}

Caenopedina cubensis Agassiz, 1869 Reports for the Azores: Hemipedina cubensis (Agassiz, 1869) — $ Koehler 1909: 221–226, pl. 1, fig. 1, pl. 30, figs. 8–17, pl. 31, fig. 21; Caenopedina cubensis Agassiz 1869 — Mortensen 1927a: 277, 1940a: 96–99, pl. 2, figs. 19–20, pl. 66, figs. 1–9; Serafy & Fell 1985: 20, fig. 11; García-Diez et al. 2005: 50. Type locality: off Havana, Cuba. See: Koehler (1909); Mortensen (1940a). Occurrence: North Atlantic, in the West, in USA coast from northern Nova Scotia to the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico (Downey 1968, Serafy & Fell 1985); in the East recorded from the Azores and Canaries (Koehler 1909). Depth: 250– 1,187 m (Koehler 1909, Serafy & Fell 1985); AZO: 1,187 m (Koehler 1909). Habitat: soft substrates (Koehler 1909); feeds on bottom detritus (Serafy & Fell 1985). Larval stage: planktotrophic (Emlet 1995). Remarks: Caenopedina cubensis is known from the Azores by two specimens reported by Koehler (1909) on the material collected by Princesse Alice (sta 1311: 37°37’00”N, 25°20’45”W, 1,187 m)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on pages 102-103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Agassiz, A. (1869) Preliminary report on the echini and star-fishes dredged in deep water between Cuba and the Florida Reef, by L. F. de Pourtales, Assist. U. S. Coast Survey. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 1 (9), 253 - 308.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Mortensen, T. (1940 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 1. Aulodonta, with Additions to Vol. II (Lepidocentroida and Stirodonta). C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 370 pp.","Serafy, D. K. & Fell, F. J. (1985) Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States. Echinodermata: Echinoidea. NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 33, 1 - 27.","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","Downey, M. E. (1968) Catalog of Recent Echinoid Type Specimens in the U. S. National Museum Smithsonian Institution and the Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard University. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C., vi + 99 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.264","Emlet, R. B. (1995) Developmental mode and species geographic range in regular sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Evolution, 49 (3), 476 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.1995. tb 02280. x"]}

Ophiura (Ophiura) mundata (Koehler, 1906a) Reports for the Azores: non Ophioglypha irrorata Lyman, 1878 — $ Koehler 1896b: 241 [misidentification]; Ophioglypha mundata, Koehler, 1906 a— $ Koehler 1909: 153, pl. 27, figs. 7–8; Ophiura (Ophiuroglypha) mundata (Koehler, 1906a) — Mortensen 1933a: 88–89, figs. 48d–e, pl. 3, figs. 11–12; Ophiura (Ophiura) mundata (Koehler, 1906a) — Paterson 1985: 127–128, fig. 48; Smirnov et al. 2014: 205; Ophiura mundata Koehler, 1906 — García-Diez et al. 2005: 49. Type locality: waters between Canaries and NW Africa. See: Koehler (1906a: 10–11, pl. 1, figs. 4–6, as Ophioglypha mundata); Paterson (1985). Occurrence: North Atlantic, from Labrador Basin eastwards to Iceland (Paterson 1985) and south from the Bay of Biscay to Morocco, including the Azores and Canaries (Koehler 1906b, 1909). Depth: 1,674–4,315 m (Smirnov et al. 2014); AZO: 1,919–4,020 m (Koehler 1909). Habitat: soft substrates (Koehler 1909). Remarks: the great similarity between Ophiura mundata and O. irrorata (Lyman, 1878) has led to doubtful identifications (Koehler 1896b), and they have been considered conspecific (Koehler 1914a). A taxonomic revision is needed to clear up the confusion (Paterson 1985)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Koehler, R. (1906 a) Description des ophiures nouvelles recueillies par le Travailleur et le Talisman. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 19, 5 - 34.","Lyman, T. (1878) Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the \" Challenger \" expedition. Part I. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 5 (7), 65 - 168.","Koehler, R. (1896 b) Note preliminaire sur les Ophiures des premieres campagnes de la \" Princesse Alice \". Memoires. Societe Zoologique de France, 9, 241 - 253.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Mortensen, T. (1933 a) Ophiuroidea. The Danish Ingolf Expedition, 4 b (8), 1 - 121.","Paterson, G. L. J. (1985) The deep-sea Ophiuroidea of the North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series, 49 (1), 1 - 162.","Smirnov, I. S., Piepenburg, D., Ahearn, C. & Juterzenka, K. V. (2014) Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Ophiuroidea. Invertebrate Zoology, 11 (1), 192 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.18","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","Koehler, R. (1906 b) Ophiures. Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman, 8, 245 - 311.","Koehler, R. (1914 a) A Contribution to the Study of Ophiurans of the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 84, 1 - 173. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.84.1"]}

Ophiotoma coriacea ? Lyman, 1883 Reports for the Azores: non Ophiopora bartletti (Lyman, 1883) —? $ Koehler 1909: 195 [misidentification]; García-Diez et al. 2005: 49 [based on Koehler 1909]; Ophiotoma coriacea Lyman, 1883 — Mortensen 1927a: 187–188, fig. 104; Paterson 1985: 57, fig. 23; Harvey et al. 1988: 169–170; Smirnov et al. 2014: 197. Type locality: off Cape Cod, USA (41°24’45”N, 65°35’30”W). See: Lyman (1883: 268–269, pl. 2, figs. 1–3); Mortensen (1933a: 37–39); Paterson (1985); Martynov (2010: 97–103, figs. 66F–H). Occurrence: North Atlantic; from off Cape Cod eastward to Iceland, south to the Bay of Biscay and?Azores (Paterson 1985). Depth: 1,605 –4,106 m (Paterson 1985, Harvey et al. 1988); AZO:? 3,465 m (Koehler 1909). Habitat: soft bottoms, from muddy sand to ooze (Koehler 1909, Farran 1913). Remarks: Koehler (1909) reported the Caribbean species Ophiotoma bartletti (= Ophiopora bartletti) from the Azores, based on a single incomplete and deformed specimen, collected by Princesse Alice (sta 745: 38°05’00”N, 23°50’15”W) at a depth of 3,465 m, much deeper than what is believed to be the normal depth for the Caribbean species. H.L. Clark (1915) considered that the Caribbean species O. bartletti was conspecific with the East Atlantic O. coriacea, an opinion that subsequent authors did not agree with (e.g., Koehler 1922; Mortensen 1933a). Paterson (1985) argued that since all that remains of the type material of the former species were fragments of the arms the synonymy could not be confirmed. We agree with Paterson (1985) that O. bartletti is restricted to the Caribbean and tentatively refer Koehler’s report of O. bartletti to the temperate species O. coriacea (see also Farran 1913), despite the fact that O. coriacea as such has not been reported from the Azores so far. Inclusion of this species in the Azorean echinoderm fauna should, nevertheless, be considered with caution, considering the poor state of the only known specimen recovered from the Azorean deep waters., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Lyman, T. (1883) Report on the Ophiuroidea. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Caribbean Sea (1878 - 79), and on the east coast of the United States, during the summer of 1880, by the U. S. coast survey steamer \" Blake \", commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N., commanding. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 10 (6), 227 - 287.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Paterson, G. L. J. (1985) The deep-sea Ophiuroidea of the North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series, 49 (1), 1 - 162.","Harvey, R., Gage, J. D., Billett, D. S. M., Clark, A. M. & Paterson, G. L. J. (1988) Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas. 3. Additional records. Bulletin British Museum Natural History, Zoology, 54, 153 - 198.","Smirnov, I. S., Piepenburg, D., Ahearn, C. & Juterzenka, K. V. (2014) Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Ophiuroidea. Invertebrate Zoology, 11 (1), 192 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.18","Mortensen, T. (1933 a) Ophiuroidea. The Danish Ingolf Expedition, 4 b (8), 1 - 121.","Martynov, A. (2010) Reassessment of the classification of the Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata), based on morphological characters. I. General character evaluation and delineation of the families Ophiomyxidae and Ophiacanthidae. Zootaxa, 2697 (1), 1 - 154. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2697.1.1","Farran, G. P. (1913) The deep-water Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea and Echinoidea of the West Coast of Ireland. Department of Agriculture and technical instruction for Ireland, fisheries branch, scientific investigations, 6, 1 - 66. [1912]","Clark, H. L. (1915) Catalogue of recent ophiurans. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 25 (4), 165 - 376.","Koehler, R. (1922) Ophiurans of the Philippine Seas and adjacent waters. Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum Bulletin, 100 (5), 1 - 486."]}

Holothuria (Panningothuria) forskali Delle Chiaje, 1823 (Fig. 35) Reports for the Azores: Holothuria forskali Delle Chiaje, 1823 — $ Marques 1983: 4, fig. 6; Pereira 1997: 333; $ Morton et al. 1998: 98, 169, figs. 5.2T, 8.8R; Micael & Costa 2010: 323; Micael et al. 2012: 4. See: Koehler (1921b: 179–180, fig. 135); O’Loughlin et al. (2007). Occurrence: Mediterranean Sea and northeast Atlantic, from Scandinavia south to the coast of Morocco (Hérouard 1929, Tortonese 1965, Rowe 1969), including the Azores (Marques 1983), Madeira (Bianchi et al. 1998) and Canaries (Pérez-Ruzafa et al. 1992b). Depth: 0–850 m (Koehler 1921 b, Mecho et al. 2014); AZO: 0–12 m (herein). Habitat: soft to hard substrata and among algae and seagrass beds (Pérez-Ruzafa et al. 1992 b, Morton et al. 1998). Larval stage: probably planktotrophic (inferred from the genus, see McEdward & Miner 2001). Material examined: DBUA-ECH 392 (in front of the Marina, Ponta Delgada, SMG, AZO, c. 39°00’44”N, 27°57’28”W, 1997.04. 18, 12 m; 1 spm, TL = 82 mm); DBUA-ECH 393 (Cerco, Caloura, SMG, AZO, 37°42’26”N, 25°30’37”W, 1996.07.13, intertidal; 1 specimen, TL = 92 mm); DBUA-ECH 398 [Capelas (Morro), SMG, AZO, c. 37°50’37”N, 25°41’18”W, 1996.05. 26, 9 m; 1 spm, TL = 165 mm]; DBUA-ECH 434 (Horta harbour, FAY, AZO, c. 38°31’51”N, 28°37’23”W, 2011.03. 11, 6 m; 1 spm, TL = 65 mm). Description: body almost cylindrical, flattened ventrally. Body wall relatively thick. Epidermis smooth and very delicate. Mouth subventral surrounded by a crown of 20 peltate tentacles (cauliflower-like). Well-developed conical papillae irregularly arranged dorsally and laterally; presence of a collar of small oral papillae. Ventral surface with numerous tube feet in four rows. Well developed Cuvierian tubules. Calcareous deposits scarce, mostly composed of much reduced tables (in ethanol): solid deep brown to black bivium (papillae the same colour as the body) and trivium slightly lighter. Colour (in vivo; DBUA-ECH 434): body deep brown with or without white papillae tips. Remarks: Holothuria forskali can be distinguished in situ based on gross morphology characters, such as the very dark brown to black body colour with white papillae (although not always visible) and the presence of well developed Cuvierian tubules (Koehler 1921b). In the Azores, neither the dark colour nor the presence of Cuvierian tubules are exclusive to this sea cucumber. Holothuria sanctori, which is known as well to eject Cuvierian tubules if disturbed, shows an extraordinary degree of variability in its colour pattern: from dark brown or black body to a blackish ventral surface with an almost bright yellow dorsum on which the yellow rings can become so numerous that it is hard to perceive the dark background (Fig. 36). Intermediate colour forms in H. sanctori can present less conspicuous yellow (almost white) rings that could be confused with the white papillae described for H. forskali. In the characterization of the marine coastal biota of the Azores, Morton et al. (1998) illustrated just two species of sea cucumbers, H. mammata (under the name Holothuria tubulosa) and H. forskali. They noted that the later species was a conspicuous presence in certain areas, such as tide-pools and marine lagoons. They also added that this species has the particularity of readily ejecting Cuvierian tubules when disturbed. We believe that Morton et al. (1998) may have overlooked the presence of H. sanctori in the studied areas. In the Azores, H. sanctori can be quite abundant in areas of relatively low hydrodynamism, reaching at times spectacular densities like these observed by Pérez-Ruzafa et al. (1992b) for the Canaries., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on pages 149-150, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Delle Chiaje, S. (1823) Descrizione zoologica ed anatomica di alcune specie di Oloturie. Memorie sulla storia e notomia degli animali senza vertebre del regno di Napoli, Societa Tipographica, Napoli, 1, 77 - 116. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10021","Marques, V. M. (1983) Peuplements benthiques de Acores, 1 - echinoderms. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, AII (I), 1 - 7.","Pereira, M. (1997) Checklist of the littoral echinoderms of the Azores. Acoreana, 8 (3), 331 - 337.","Morton, B., Britton, J. C. & Martins, A. F. M. (1998) Ecologia costeira dos Acores. Sociedade Afonso Chaves, Ponta Delgada, 249 pp.","Micael, J. & Costa A. C. (2010) Echinodermata. In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Oeiras, pp. 321 - 323.","Micael, J., Alves, M. J., Jones, M. B. & Costa, A. C. (2012) Diversity of shallow-water asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Azorean Archipelago. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5, e 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267211000534","Koehler, R. (1921 b) Echinodermes. Faune de France. 1. Librairie de la Faculte des Sciences, Paris, 216 pp.","O'Loughlin, P. M., Paulay, G., Vandenspiegel, D. & Sam, Y. (2007) New Holothuria species from Australia (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae), with comments on the origin of deep and cool holothuriids. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 64, 35 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2007.64.5","Herouard, E. (1929) Holothuries de la cote Atlantique du Maroc et de Mauritaine. Bulletin de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc, 9, 36 - 70, 5 figs., 1 pl.","Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna D'Italia-Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 422 pp.","Rowe, F. W. E. (1969) A review of the family Holothuriidae (Holothurioidea: Aspidochirotida). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Zoology, 18 (4), 119 - 170. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 18419","Bianchi, C. N., Morri, R. H. C., Sartoni, G. & Wirtz, P. (1998) Sublittoral epibenthic communities around Funchal (Ilha da Madeira, NE Atlantic). Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal (Historia Natural), Supplement 5, 59 - 80.","Perez-Ruzafa, A., Marcos, C. & Bacallado, J. J. (1992 b) Holoturias (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) de las Islas Canarias: I. Consideraciones Generales y Orden Aspidochirotida. Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 4 (3 - 4), 139 - 162.","Mecho, A., Billett, D. S. M., Ramirez-Llodra, E., Aguzzi, J., Tyler, P. A. & Company, J. B. (2014) First records, rediscovery and compilation of deep-sea echinoderms in the middle and lower continental slope of the Mediterranean Sea. Scientia Marina, 78 (2), 281 - 302. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 03983.30 C","McEdward, L. R. & Miner, B. G. (2001) Larval and life-cycle patterns in echinoderms. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 79, 1125 - 1170. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 00 - 218"]}

Psychropotes depressa (Théel, 1882) Reports for the Azores: Euphronides talismani $ Perrier, 1902: 441–444, pl. 20, fig. 15; $ Hérouard 1902: 30–31, pl. 2, figs. 19–22; Mortensen 1927a: 375; Deichmann 1930: 129; Psychropotes depressa (Théel, 1882) — $ Hansen 1975: 106–111, figs. 43–44, pl. 7, figs. 1–3, pl. 12, fig. 8, pl. 14, figs. 1–2; García-Diez et al. 2005: 52; $ Gebruk 2008: 50, 51. Type locality: Gulf of Cadiz (35°47’N, 8°23’W). See: Hansen (1975); Rogacheva et al. (2013: 599, figs. 17F–G). Occurrence: cosmopolitan, in the Pacific and Atlantic; from off the coast of the United States (c. 40°N) south to the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean (Deichmann 1930, Hansen 1975), eastwards off Iceland (Hansen 1975) and the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone south along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to the Azores (Gebruk 2008) and from the Rockall Trough (Gage et al. 1985) south to the Gulf of Guinea (Hansen 1975), including the Canaries (Perrier 1902). Depth: 957– 4,060 m (Hansen 1975); AZO: 2,063 –3,050 m (Gebruk 2008). Habitat: benthopelagic (Rogacheva et al. 2012); soft sediments (Perrier 1902). Larval stage: direct (Tyler & Billett 1987). Remarks: Perrier (1896b, 1902) described Euphronides talismani, based on a poorly preserved individual collected by Talisman in Azorean waters (sta 129, 1883: 38°00’00”N, 27°02’46”W, 2,220 – 2,155 m). Hansen (1975) re-examined the holotype and established the synonymy with P. depressa. Recently, Gebruk (2008) identified specimens at several stations on the north border of the Azorean waters, further substantiating the presence of this cosmopolitan species in the archipelago. Additionally, both juveniles and adults of P. depressa are known to occasionally swim when disturbed or to change locations on the sea floor (Gebruk et al. 1997; Rogacheva et al. 2012)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 145, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Theel, H. (1882) Report on the Holothuroidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part I. Challenger Reports, Zoology, 4, 1 - 176.","Perrier, R. (1902) Holothuries. In: Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pendant les Annees 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883. Ouvrage publie sous les auspices du ministere de l'instruction publique sous la direction de A. Milne-Edwards de 1888 a 1890 et continue par E. Perrier. Vol. 7. Masson et Cie, Editeurs, Paris, pp. 273 - 554.","Herouard, E. (1902) Holothuries Provenant Des Campagnes De La Princesse-Alice (1892 - 1897). Reisultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht, Fasc. 21, 1 - 62.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Deichmann, E. (1930) The Holothurians of the Western Part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 71, 43 - 236.","Hansen, B. (1975) Systematics and biology of the deep-sea holothurians: Elasipoda. Galathea report: scientific results of the Danish deep-sea expedition round the world 1950 - 1952. Galathea, 13, 1 - 262.","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","Gebruk, A. V. (2008) Holothurians (Holothuroidea, Echinodermata) of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge collected by the G. O. Sars MAR-ECO expedition with descriptions of four new species. In: Gebruk, A. V. (Ed.) Benthic fauna of the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge: results of the MAR-ECO expedition. Marine Biology Research, 4 (1 - 2), pp. 48 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000701842898","Rogacheva, A., Gebruk, A. & Alt, C. H. S. (2013) Holothuroidea of the Charlie Gibbs Fracture Zone area, northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Marine Biology Research, 9 (5 - 6), 587 - 623.","Gage, J. D., Billett, D. S. M., Jensen, M. & Tyler, P. A. (1985) Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas. 2. Echinoidea and Holothurioidea. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 48 (4), 173 - 214.","Rogacheva, A., Gebruk, A. & Alt, C. H. S. (2012) Swimming deep-sea holothurians (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) on the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Zoosymposia, 7, 213 - 224. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000.2012.750428","Tyler, P. A. & Billett, D. S. M. (1987) The reproductive ecology of elasipodid holothurians from the N. E. Atlantic. Biological Oceanography, 5 (4), 273 - 296.","Perrier, R. (1896 b) Sur les Elasipodes recueillis par le Travailleur et le Talisman. Comptes Rendus Academie Sciences, Paris, 123, 900 - 903.","Gebruk, A. V., Tyler, P. A. & Billett, D. S. M. (1997) Pelagic juveniles of the deep-sea elasipodid holothurians: New records and review. Ophelia, 46 (2), 153 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00785326.1997.10432581"]}

Mesothuria murrayi Théel, 1886a Reports for the Azores: Mesothuria murrayi (Théel, 1886) —p.p.? $ Hérouard 1902: 23–24; García-Diez et al. 2005: 51; $ Gebruk 2012: 303–307, fig. 11. Type locality: Juan Fernandez (33°42’S, 78°18’W), Pacific. See: Théel (1886a: 185, pl. 10, figs. 16–18, as Holothuria murrayi); Gebruk (2012). Occurrence: cosmopolitan, in the Atlantic and Pacific; in the Atlantic reliable records from off Florida and the Azores (Gebruk 2012). Depth: 245– 6,650 m (AZO:? 1,660–1,940 m; Gebruk (2012). Habitat: soft substrate (clay to ooze; Théel 1886a, Hansen 1975). Remarks: Hérouard (1902) reported two individuals of M. murrayi from the archipelago, collected by Princesse Alice (sta 719: 39°11’N, 30°24’15”W, 1,600 m). Later, Deichmann (1930) re-examined one of the specimens and assigned it to a different species, M. rugosa (see below). Deichmann believed that M. murrayi was restricted to the Pacific waters and all Atlantic material assigned to this species would prove to be either M. maroccana or M. rugosa. However, Gebruk (2012) has recently identified M. rugosa in the Atlantic, including a specimen collected by Princesse Alice in the Azores (sta 863: 39°22’00”N, 26°55’45”W), not listed in Hérouard’s (1902) report. Nevertheless, the complex taxonomy of M. murrayi and other closely related species such as M. maroccana and M. rugosa shows that this group of species is in need of a thorough revision., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Theel, H. (1886 a) Report on the Holothuroidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II. Challenger Reports, Zoology, 14 (39), 1 - 290.","Herouard, E. (1902) Holothuries Provenant Des Campagnes De La Princesse-Alice (1892 - 1897). Reisultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht, Fasc. 21, 1 - 62.","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","Gebruk, A. V., Solis-Marin, F. A., Billett, D. S. M., Rogacheva, A. V. & Tyler, P. A. (2012) Review of the genus Zygothuria Perrier, 1898 and the Atlantic group of species of the genus Mesothuria Ludwig, 1894 (Synallactidae: Holothuroidea) with description of the new species Mesothuria milleri sp. nov. Journal of Natural History, 46 (5 - 6), 265 - 348. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2011.638423","Hansen, B. (1975) Systematics and biology of the deep-sea holothurians: Elasipoda. Galathea report: scientific results of the Danish deep-sea expedition round the world 1950 - 1952. Galathea, 13, 1 - 262.","Deichmann, E. (1930) The Holothurians of the Western Part of the Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 71, 43 - 236."]}

Ophiocomina nigra (Abildgaard, in Müller, 1789) (Fig. 8), Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161

Erroneous— Freyastera benthophila (Sladen, 1889) Reports for the Azores: Freyella benthophila Sladen, 1889 — Cherbonnier & Sibuet 1972: 388. Type locality: Pacific Ocean. See: Sladen (1889: 641–643, pl. 111, figs. 5–8); Downey (1986: 36–38, fig. 18); A.M. Clark & Downey (1992: 480, figs. 74a–b, pl. 112, figs. C–D). Occurrence: cosmopolitan deep-sea, in the Atlantic reported only to the east side, from the Bay of Biscay westwards to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and to southern African waters (Cherbonnier & Sibuet 1972, Sibuet 1972, Downey 1986). Depth: 4,163 –5,000 m (Sibuet 1975, Downey 1986). Habitat: soft substrates (red clay; Sladen 1889). Remarks: Freyastera benthophila (Sladen, 1889) was reported in the Azores by Cherbonnier & Sibuet (1972), based on the material collected by Albatross during the Swedish Deep Sea Expedition. However, the original record mentioned a station half way between continental Europe and the Azores, as was referred by Downey (1986) and A.M. Clark & Downey (1992). Though it is likely that this cosmopolitan deep-water species will prove to occur within the Azorean EEZ, it needs to be confirmed by actual records., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Sladen, W. P. (1889) Report on the Asteroidea collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. Challenger series of reports, Zoology, 30, 1 - 893.","Cherbonnier, G. & Sibuet, M. (1972) Resultats scientifiques de la campagne Noratlante: Asterides et Ophiurides. Bulletin du Museum National D'histoire Naturelle, 102 (76), 1333 - 1394.","Downey, M. E. (1986) Revision of the Atlantic Brisingida (Echinodermata: Asteroidea), with description of a new genus and family. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 435, 1 - 57. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.435","Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Natural History Museum Publications. Chapman & Hall, London, 794 pp.","Sibuet, M. (1972) Echinodermes recoltes lors de la mission du Bathyscaphe Archimede aux Acores en 1969. Publications du Centre national pour l'exploitation des oceians. Reisultats des campagnes aI la mer, 3, 121 - 123.","Sibuet, M. (1975) Asterides abyssales de l'Atlantique sud. (Resultats de la campagne Walda, juin-juillet-ao r t 1971). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 3 (289), 281 - 297."]}

Ophiocten hastatum Lyman, 1878 Reports for the Azores: Ophiocten hastatum $ Lyman, 1878: 103, pl. 5, figs. 133–134, 1882: 82–83, pl. 9, figs. 10–11; $ Koehler 1898: 42–44, 73, pl. 7, figs. 32, 33, 1909: 165; Mortensen 1927a: 246; $ Paterson et al. 1982: 117–119, fig. 5; Paterson 1985: 129, fig. 49; Gage et al. 2004: 849–864, figs. 1–84; García-Diez et al. 2005: 49; $ Martynov & Litvinova 2008: 83, fig. 3C; Smirnov et al. 2014: 202–203; Ophiocten longispinum $ Koehler, 1896a: 204–205; Ophiura hastata (Lyman, 1878) — Guille 1982: 80, figs. 5, 6, 7a–b. Type locality: off Marion Island, Southern Ocean (46°46’S, 45° 31’E). See: Lyman (1878); Paterson et al. (1982); Guille (1982); Martynov & Litvinova (2008). Occurrence: cosmopolitan, found in the Atlantic, Southern, and Pacific Oceans (Guille 1982); in the Atlantic from Labrador basin east in the Rockall Trough south to the Bay of Biscay (Paterson 1985), including the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from Reykjanes Ridge south to the Azores (Martynov & Litvinova 2008); with exception of the reports for the Labrador Basin, all other records from the West Atlantic are misidentifications of O. gracilis (Paterson et al. 1982). Depth: 843– 4,700 m (Grieg 1932, Guille 1982); AZO: 1,830 –2,107 m (Lyman 1878, Martynov & Litvinova 2008). Habitat: soft bottoms, muddy sand to ooze (Koehler 1909); opportunistic (Gage et al. 2004). Larval stage: planktotrophic (Gage et al. 2004). Remarks: Lyman (1878, 1882) described Ophiocten hastatum on the basis of material taken by H.M.S. Challenger in Southern Ocean deep waters. Lyman (1878, 1882) also found two specimens of this species among the material collected by the same cruise in Azorean waters (sta 78: 37°24’N, 25°13’W, 1,830 m). Koehler (1896a) described a new species Ophiocten longispinum from the material collected by Hirondelle in the Azores (sta 184: 40°05’N, 27°27’46”W, 1,850 m). Later, Koehler (1898) recanted his previous identification, changing it to O. hastatum and completed Lyman’s original description of this species using Hirondelle material from the archipelago. Koehler (1909) also identified this species at several Princesse Alice stations located inside Azorean waters. More recently, Martynov & Litvinova (2008) identified this species in Azorean northern waters (G.O. Sars, MAR–ECO cruise, sta 42/368: 42°48’N, 29°38’W, 2,063 –2,107 m)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on pages 51-52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Lyman, T. (1878) Ophiuridae and Astrophytidae of the \" Challenger \" expedition. Part I. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 5 (7), 65 - 168.","Koehler, R. (1898) Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du yacht Hirondelle (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre- Neuve). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 12, 1 - 78.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Paterson, G. L. J., Tyler, P. A. & Gage, J. D. (1982) The taxonomy and zoogeography of the genus Ophiocten (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) in the North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 43 (3), 109 - 128.","Paterson, G. L. J. (1985) The deep-sea Ophiuroidea of the North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series, 49 (1), 1 - 162.","Gage, J. D., Anderson, R. M., Tyler, P. A., Chapman, R. & Dolan, E. (2004) Growth, reproduction and possible recruitment variability in the abyssal brittle star Ophiocten hastatum (Ophiuroidea: Echinodermata) in the NE Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research I, 51 (6), 849 - 864. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr. 2004.01.007","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","Martynov, A. V. & Litvinova, N. M. (2008) Deep-water Ophiuroidea of the northern Atlantic with descriptions of three new species and taxonomic remarks on certain genera and species. Marine Biology Research, 4, 76 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000701840066","Smirnov, I. S., Piepenburg, D., Ahearn, C. & Juterzenka, K. V. (2014) Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Ophiuroidea. Invertebrate Zoology, 11 (1), 192 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.18","Koehler, R. (1896 a) Note preliminaire sur les Ophiures recueillies pendant les campagnes de \" L'Hirondelle \". Memoires. Societe Zoologique de France, 9, 203 - 213.","Guille, A. (1982) A new genus and species of ophiacanthid brittlestar (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from the Kerguelen Islands, with new taxonomic, biogeographic and quantitative data on the echinoderm fauna. Australian Museum Memoir, 16, 67 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1967.16.1982.359","Grieg, J. A. (1932) Echinodermata. Report of the scientific results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic deep sea expedition 1910, 3 (2), 1 - 47.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Lyman, T. (1882) Report on the Ophiuroidea. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 1876, Zoology, 5 (14), 1 - 386."]}

Ophiomitrella cordifera Koehler, 1896b Reports for the Azores: Ophiomitra cordifera $ Koehler, 1896b: 250–251, 1909: 192–193, pl. 29, figs. 1–2; $ Mortensen 1933a: 40–41; $ Paterson 1985: 72–73, fig. 28; non Ophiomitrella clavigera (Ljungman, 1865) — Mortensen 1927a: 186–187, fig. 103 [based on invalid synonymy]; Marques 1980: 102 [based on Mortensen 1927a]; Paterson 1985: 71, fig. 28 [based on Mortensen 1927a]; Harvey et al. 1988: 170 [based on Paterson 1985]; García-Diez et al. 2005: 49 [based on Mortensen 1927a]. Type locality: Azores (38°52’45”N, 28°06’00”W). See: Koehler (1896b, 1909); Paterson (1985). Occurrence: known only from the Azores and Canaries (Koehler 1909). Depth: 1,143–1,530 m (AZO: 1,143 m; Koehler 1909). Habitat: soft bottoms (mud and sand; Koehler 1909). Remarks: Mortensen (1920, 1927a) believed that Ophiomitrella cordifera described by Koehler (1896b) from the Azores was conspecific with the O. clavigera (Ljungman, 1865). However, on re-examination of the type material, Mortensen (1933a) reinstated O. cordifera as a valid species. Paterson (1985) agreed, but for some unknown reason kept the Azores under the geographical distribution of both species. We could not find any valid record of O. clavigera in the Azores, which led us to believe that Paterson’s (1985) account for the archipelago was a mistake resulting from the historical synonymy of the two species., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Koehler, R. (1896 b) Note preliminaire sur les Ophiures des premieres campagnes de la \" Princesse Alice \". Memoires. Societe Zoologique de France, 9, 241 - 253.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Mortensen, T. (1933 a) Ophiuroidea. The Danish Ingolf Expedition, 4 b (8), 1 - 121.","Paterson, G. L. J. (1985) The deep-sea Ophiuroidea of the North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series, 49 (1), 1 - 162.","Ljungman, A. V. (1865) Tillagg till kannedom af Skandinaviens Ophiurider. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens F ˆ rhandlingar, 21 (7), 359 - 367. [1863]","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Marques, V. M. (1980) Echinodermes recueillis pedant la mission \" Hesperides 76 \" du N / O Jean Charcot. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, 2 ª Serie, 7 (7), 95 - 107.","Harvey, R., Gage, J. D., Billett, D. S. M., Clark, A. M. & Paterson, G. L. J. (1988) Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas. 3. Additional records. Bulletin British Museum Natural History, Zoology, 54, 153 - 198.","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","Mortensen, T. (1920) Notes on some Scandinavian Echinoderms with descriptions of two new Ophiuroids. Videnskabelige Meddelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i KjObenhavn, 72, 45 - 79."]}

Ophiacantha veterna Koehler, 1907a Reports for the Azores: Ophiacantha veterna Koehler, 1907 a— $ Koehler 1921a: 2; Mortensen 1927a: 189; Martynov & Litvinova 2008: 96–97, fig. 11D; Ophiacantha enopla veterna (Koehler, 1907a) — Paterson 1985: 37, fig. 16; García-Diez et al. 2005: 49; $ St̂hr & Segonzac 2005: 386, 392; Ophiacantha enopla Verrill, 1885 — Smirnov et al. 2014: 196. Type locality: North of the Azores. See: Koehler (1907a: 41–43; 1909: 189–190, pl. 29, figs. 3, 4); Paterson (1985); St̂hr & Segonzac (2005). Occurrence: Northeast Atlantic, from Reykjanes Ridge (Martynov & Litvinova 2008), eastwards from the Bay of Biscay to Western Sahara and Madeira, and southwards in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to south of the Azores (Paterson 1985, St̂hr & Segonzac 2005). Depth: 101– 2,460 m (Koehler 1909, Paterson 1985); AZO: 1,330 –2,300 m (Koehler 1921a; St̂hr & Segonzac 2005). Habitat: soft substrates (Koehler 1909), found associated with diverse sessile fauna (e.g., sponges, hydrozoans, gorgonians, colonial tunicates) and co-occurring with Asteroschema inornatum Koehler, 1906a (St̂hr & Segonzac 2005). Remarks: Ophiacantha veterna was demoted to a subspecies of O. enopla Verrill, 1885a by Paterson (1985), a species previously known only from off NE America. This decision was later revoked by Martynov & Litvinova (2008) by reinstating the species status. Regardless, O. veterna is known from Azores deep waters by relatively few material: two specimens collected near Santa Maria Island (Hirondelle II, sta 3137: 37°00’N, 25°00’W, 1,330 m; Koehler 1921a) and further two individuals from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge area (Marvel cruise, sta PL 1199–10: 36°32’16”N, 33°27’24”W, 2,300 m; St̂hr & Segonzac 2005)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 37, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Koehler, R. (1907 a) Note preliminaire sur quelques Asteries et Ophiures provenant des campagnes de la Princesse Alice. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco, 99, 1 - 47.","Koehler, R. (1921 a) Echinodermes (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides) des dernieres campagnes de la Princesse-Alice et de l' Hirondelle II. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco, 396, 1 - 8.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Martynov, A. V. & Litvinova, N. M. (2008) Deep-water Ophiuroidea of the northern Atlantic with descriptions of three new species and taxonomic remarks on certain genera and species. Marine Biology Research, 4, 76 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 17451000701840066","Paterson, G. L. J. (1985) The deep-sea Ophiuroidea of the North Atlantic Ocean. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology Series, 49 (1), 1 - 162.","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","St ˆ hr, S. & Segonzac, M. (2005) Deep-sea ophiuroids (Echinodermata) from reducing and non-reducing environments in the North Atlantic Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 85 (2), 383 - 402. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0025315405011318 h","Verrill, A. E. (1885 a) Notice of the remarkable Marine Fauna occupying the outer banks off the Southern Coast of New England. The American Journal of Science, Series 3, 29, 149 - 156. https: // doi. org / 10.2475 / ajs. s 3 - 29.170.149","Smirnov, I. S., Piepenburg, D., Ahearn, C. & Juterzenka, K. V. (2014) Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Ophiuroidea. Invertebrate Zoology, 11 (1), 192 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.18","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Koehler, R. (1906 a) Description des ophiures nouvelles recueillies par le Travailleur et le Talisman. Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 19, 5 - 34."]}

Palaeotropus josephinae Lovén, 1871 Reports for the Azores: Palaeotropus josephinae $ Lovén, 1874: 17–18, pl. 12, fig. 105, pl. 13, figs. 108–113, pl. 32, fig. 200; Agassiz 1881: 218; H.L. Clark 1917: 152–153; Mortensen 1927a: 322, 1950: 294–298, figs. 205, 206a, 207b, pl. 25, figs. 14, 19, 21–22, 30–33; García-Diez et al. 2005: 51; Mironov 2006: 115–117, figs. 6–7; Palaeotropus Hirondellei $ Koehler, 1895a: 226–227, 1895b: 230–231, 1898: 29–30, pl. 5, figs. 12–14, pl. 6, figs. 26–27, pl. 9, fig. 47, 1909: 244–245, pl. 30, figs. 18–23, pl. 31, figs. 4–5, 1921a: 3. Type locality: Azores (Vila Franca, S„o Miguel). See: Lovén (1874); Mortensen (1950); Mironov (2006). Occurrence: East Atlantic, known from the Bay of Biscay, the Azores Archipelago (Koehler 1909), Hyeres and tropic NE Atlantic seamounts (Mironov 2006); also reported from a seamount located north of St. Helena (11°37’S, 5°12’W; Mironov 2006). Depth: 300– 1,600 m (AZO: 500– 1,600 m; Koehler 1909, Mironov 2006). Habitat: soft to hard bottoms (mud, sand, gravel and rock; Koehler 1898, 1909). Larval stage: planktotrophic (Mortensen 1950). Remarks: Lovén (1871, 1874) described the deep-water species Palaeotropus josephinae based on material collected by Josephine expedition near Vila Franca do Campo, in the south of S„o Miguel Island. Throughout the historical bibliography this species is a constant presence in deep water tows in the Azorean deep waters. For example, Koehler (1895a, 1898) described a new species Palaeotropus hirondellei based on material collected in the Azores by Hirondelle (sta 102: 38°23'45"N, 28°31'16"W, 927 m). H.L. Clark (1917) argued that Koehler overlooked Palaeotropus josephinae described by Lovén from the same area, that both species portrayed animals of different sizes, and synonymized the two species, an opinion shared by later authors (e.g., Mortensen 1950; Mironov 2006)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Loven, S. (1871) Om Echinoideernas byggnad. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens F ˆ rhandlingar, 28 (5), 1065 - 1111.","Loven, S. (1874) Etudes sur les Echinoidees. Handlingar (Kunglia Vetenskaps-Akademiens) Ny fo ¨ ljd, 11 (7), 1 - 91.","Agassiz, A. (1881) Report on the Echinoidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 3, 1 - 321.","Clark, H. L. (1917) Hawaiian and other Pacific Echini. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 46, 85 - 283.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Mortensen, T. (1950) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. Vol. 1. Spatangoida I. Protosternata, Meridosternata, Amphisternata I. Palaeopneustidae, Palaeostomatidae, Aeropsidae, Toxasteridae, Micrasteridae, Hemiasteridae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 432 pp.","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic, onshore / offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. & Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Scientific Press, Russian Academy of Sciences, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, pp. 96 - 133.","Koehler, R. (1895 a) Note preliminaire sur les echinides recueillis pendant les campagnes de l'Hirondelle. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 20, 223 - 227.","Koehler, R. (1895 b) Note preliminaire sur les echinides des premieres campagnes de la Princesse Alice. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 20, 227 - 233.","Koehler, R. (1898) Echinides et Ophiures provenant des campagnes du yacht Hirondelle (Golfe de Gascogne, Acores, Terre- Neuve). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 12, 1 - 78.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317."]}

Holothuria (Platyperona) sanctori Delle Chiaje, 1823 (Fig. 36) Reports for the Azores: Holothuria farcimen $ Selenka, 1867: 330, pl. 18, fig. 65; Théel 1886a: 220; $ Perrier 1899: 299, 1902: 477–481, pl. 15, figs. 15–27; Holothuria Sanctori Delle Chiaje 1823 — $ Barrois 1888: 112; $ Koehler 1921b: 171–174, figs. 127–128; $ Chapman 1955: 398; Tortonese 1965: 61–62, figs. 21A, 22; Pawson 1978: 27, figs. 11j, l; $ Marques 1983: 4, fig. 7; Pérez-Ruzafa et al. 1992b: 150–151; Pereira 1997: 333; Pérez-Ruzafa et al. 1999: 55–56, 2002: 287; Micael & Costa 2010: 323; $ Micael et al. 2010: 329; Micael et al. 2012: 4. Type locality: Naples, Mediterranean Sea. See: Koehler (1921b); Borrero-Pérez et al. (2009, 2010). Occurrence: Mediterranean Sea and northeast Atlantic, from the Bay of Biscay (Koehler (1921b) to Saint Helena (Mortensen 1933c) and Ascension islands (Mortensen 1933c), including the Azores (Marques 1983), Madeira (Théel 1886a), Selvagens (Ruzafa et al. 2002), Canaries (Ruzafa et al. 1992b) and Cape Verde (Ruzafa et al. 1999). Depth: 0–30 m (Pawson 1978, Tortonese 1965); in the Azores it is a common species in the first few meters. Habitat: hard to soft substrates, under rocks and crevices, in sea-grass prairies and tide pools (Pawson 1978, Ruzafa et al. 2002). Larval stage: probably planktotrophic (inferred from the genus, see McEdward & Miner 2001). Commercial value: edible (Sicuro & Levine 2011). Material examined: DBUA-ECH 189 (Poços, SMG, AZO, c. 37°50’06”N, 25°40’10”W, 1996.07. 16, 14–20 m; 1 spm, TL = 120 mm); DBUA-ECH 320 (in front of the Marina, Ponta Delgada, SMG, AZO, c. 39°00’44”N, 27°57’28”W, 1997.04. 18, 12 m; 1 spm, TL = 86 mm); DBUA-ECH 396 (Lajes, PIX, AZO, c. 38°23’22”N, 28°15’04”W, 2010.09.24, 1– 2 m; 15 spms, TL = 77–148 mm); DBUA-ECH 400 (Poços, S„o Vicente, SMG, AZO, c. 37°50’06”N, 25°40’10”W, 1996.07. 17, 13 m; 1 spm, TL = 125 mm) DBUA-ECH 401 (Banco Jo„o de Castro, AZO, c. 38°13’18”N, 26°36’12”W, 1996.07. 27, 30 m; 1 spm, TL = 205 mm); DBUA-ECH 402 (in front of the Marina, Ponta Delgada, SMG, AZO, c. 39°00’44”N, 27°57’28”W, 1997.04. 18, 12 m; 1 spm, TL = 115 mm); DBUA-ECH 404 (Vila do Porto, SMA, AZO, c. 36°56’42”N 25°’08’50”W, 2011.07.22; 1 spm, TL = 105 mm); DBUA-ECH 405 (Santa Cruz, FLS, AZO, 39°27’17.79”N, 31°07’30.48”W, 2011.04.23, intertidal; 20 spms, TL = 70–190 mm). Description: body arched dorsally, flattened ventrally. Body wall thick, extremely rigid when contracted. Mouth subventral and anus terminal. Dorsal surface crowded by numerous conical (somewhat rounded) papillae. Ventral surface densely cover by tube-feet organized in almost uniform manner. Cuvierian tubules well developed; many specimens eviscerated. Both buttons and disc tables with smooth round edges. Table discs slightly undulated with four central and eight distal holes; table with tetrabasal spires of moderate height, crowned by relatively short (somewhat blunt) teeth. Buttons flat with longitudinal ridge, flanked on each side by a row of holes; a second peripheral row of minute holes occasional present. Colour: dorsal surface from solid dark brown to completely covered with yellow rings (papillae tips always dark brown); ventral surface and tentacles uniformly brown. Remarks: in general, H. sanctori presents a unique colour pattern among the shallow-water holothurians known from the Azores, in having large yellow rings covering its brown dorsal surface. However, H. sanctori can also present a uniform dark brown colour that can be easily distinguished by having a significantly thicker and rougher skin than H. mammata or H. forskali. Additionally, H. sanctori also differs from these shallow-water sea cucumbers by its well developed and relatively smooth ossicles. Selenka (1867) described Holothuria farcimen, based on a single individual collected in the Azores deposited in the Cambridge Museum. Barrois (1888) remarked how abundant H. sanctori was on the coasts of S„o Miguel Island. Perrier (1902) criticised Barrois’s identification, since the former believed H. sanctori to be restricted to the Mediterranean Sea and gave a full description of the material collected by Talisman at Ponta Delgada (S„o Miguel Island) under the name H. farcimen. Later, Koehler (1921b) examined specimens from the Azores, including those of Talisman and synonymised the Azorean species with H. sanctori. Holothuria sanctori, is one of the most common elements of the Azorean shallow-water biota, particularly in relatively protected bays both natural [e.g., Caloura, S„o Miguel Island; Lajes do Pico (Ávila et al. 2011)] or manmade (e.g., marina of Ponta Delgada, S„o Miguel Island), where they can reach high densities (personal observation)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on pages 150-152, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Delle Chiaje, S. (1823) Descrizione zoologica ed anatomica di alcune specie di Oloturie. Memorie sulla storia e notomia degli animali senza vertebre del regno di Napoli, Societa Tipographica, Napoli, 1, 77 - 116. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 10021","Selenka, E. (1867) Beitrage zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Der Philosophischen Facultat zu Gottingen in December 1866, als Dissertation vorgelegt. Verlag Von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 84 pp. [pp. 291 - 374]","Theel, H. (1886 a) Report on the Holothuroidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Part II. Challenger Reports, Zoology, 14 (39), 1 - 290.","Perrier, R. (1899) Diagnose des especes nouvelles d'Holothuries draguees par le du Travailleur et le Talisman. Deuxieme note. Bulletin Museum National Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 5, 299 - 303. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 6292","Perrier, R. (1902) Holothuries. In: Expeditions Scientifiques du Travailleur et du Talisman pendant les Annees 1880, 1881, 1882, 1883. Ouvrage publie sous les auspices du ministere de l'instruction publique sous la direction de A. Milne-Edwards de 1888 a 1890 et continue par E. Perrier. Vol. 7. Masson et Cie, Editeurs, Paris, pp. 273 - 554.","Barrois, T. (1888) Liste des Echinodermes recueillis aux Acores durant les mois d'Ao r t et September 1887. Revue Biologique du Nord de la France, 1, 31 - 33 + 69 - 75 + 109 - 115.","Koehler, R. (1921 b) Echinodermes. Faune de France. 1. Librairie de la Faculte des Sciences, Paris, 216 pp.","Chapman, G. (1955) Aspects of the Fauna and Flora of the Azores, IV: Echinodermata. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 12, 8 (89), 398 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222935508655657","Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna D'Italia-Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 422 pp.","Pawson, D. L. (1978) The Echinoderm Fauna of Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences, 2, 1 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 01960768.2.1","Marques, V. M. (1983) Peuplements benthiques de Acores, 1 - echinoderms. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, AII (I), 1 - 7.","Perez-Ruzafa, A., Marcos, C. & Bacallado, J. J. (1992 b) Holoturias (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) de las Islas Canarias: I. Consideraciones Generales y Orden Aspidochirotida. Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 4 (3 - 4), 139 - 162.","Pereira, M. (1997) Checklist of the littoral echinoderms of the Azores. Acoreana, 8 (3), 331 - 337.","Perez-Ruzafa, A., Entrambasaguas, L. & Bacallado, J. J. (1999) Fauna de equinodermos (Echinodermata) de los fondos rocosos infralitorales del archipielago de Cabo Verde. Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 11 (3 - 4), 43 - 62.","Perez-Ruzafa, A., Entrambasaguas, L., Espejo, C., Marcos, C. & Bacallado, J. J. (2002) Fauna de equinodermos (Echinodermata) de los fondos rocosos infralitorales del archipielago de Salvajes (Oceano Atlantico). Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias, 14 (3 - 4), 277 - 296.","Micael, J. & Costa A. C. (2010) Echinodermata. In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Oeiras, pp. 321 - 323.","Micael, J., Alves, M. J., Jones, M. B. & Costa, A. C. (2012) Diversity of shallow-water asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Azorean Archipelago. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5, e 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267211000534","Borrero-Perez, G. H., Perez-Ruzafa, A., Marcos, C. & Gonzalez-Wang ʾ emert, M. (2009) The taxonomic status of some Atlanto- Mediterranean species in the subgenus Holothuria (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae) based on molecular evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 157, 51 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00529. x","Borrero-Perez G. H., Gomez-Zurita, J., Gonzalez-Wang ʾ emert, M., Marcos, C. & Perez-Ruzafa, A. (2010) Molecular systematics of the genus Holothuria in the Mediterranean and Northeastern Atlantic and a molecular clock for the diversification of the Holothuriidae (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 57, 899 - 906. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2010.08.019","Mortensen, T. (1933 c) The echinoderms of St. Helena (Other than crinoids). Papers from Dr. Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914 - 16. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening, 93, 401 - 473.","McEdward, L. R. & Miner, B. G. (2001) Larval and life-cycle patterns in echinoderms. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 79, 1125 - 1170. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 00 - 218","Sicuro, B. & Levine, J. (2011) Sea Cucumber in the Mediterranean: A Potential Species for Aquaculture in the Mediterranean. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 19 (3), 299 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 10641262.2011.598249","Avila, S. P., Medeiros, A., Martins, A. M. F., Silva, A., Melo, C., Gomes, C., Michielsen, G., Madeira, J., Bagaco, L., Silva, L., Fernandes, M., Silva, M., Madeira, P., Cordeiro, R., Meireles, R. & Prieto, R. (2011) Lajes do Pico \" A ban-baxe-muro \", Editora Publicor, Ponta Delgada, 345 pp."]}

Stereocidaris ingolfiana ? Mortensen, 1903 Reports for the Azores: Stereocidaris ingolfiana Mortensen, 1903 —? $ Pérès 1992: 254, 258. Type locality: Denmark Strait. See: Mortensen (1903: 38–41, pl. 6, figs. 1–5, pl. 8, figs. 4, 10–11, 16, 19–21, 23, 26, 28, 30, 36, pl. 11, figs. 12, 16–17, 23, 28, 30, 32–33; 1928: 267–268, pl. 27, figs. 1–3, pl. 70, fig. 6). Occurrence: North Atlantic, from the Denmark Strait south to the Caribbean in the west and to Cape Verde in the east (Mortensen 1928). Depth: 300– 1,745 m (Mortensen 1928);? AZO: 2,050 –3,300 m (Pérès 1992). Habitat: soft sediments (Koehler 1909). Larval stage: lecithotrophic (Emlet 1995). Remarks: Pérès (1992) claimed to have observed Stereocidaris ingolfiana during a dive made by the bathyscaphe Archimède north of S„o Miguel Island (2,050 m depth) and east of Santa Maria Island (3,150 –3,300 m depth). No specimen was collected and the identification seems to have rested solely on the long size of the spines of the observed animals. Pérès observations could represent an intermediary record between the east and West Atlantic populations, though S. ingolfiana known depth range is slightly shallower than the depth reported by this author. In the other hand, Cidaris cidaris is the only cidaroid confirmed species to occur in the archipelago with abundant documented material (see above). At macroscopic level these two species are almost identical, and in many instances the diagnose rests on the observation of pedicellaria (see Mortensen 1927a, 1928). Thus, until material belonging to S. ingolfiana is documented in the archipelago, Pérès observation must be placed as a dubious record (see also remarks under Histocidaris purpurata)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 98, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Mortensen, T. (1903) Echinoidea (Part 1). In: The Danish Ingolf-Expedition 1895 - 1896. 4 (1). Bianco Luno, Copenhagen, 4 (1), pp. 1 - 198.","Peres, J. M. (1992) Le bathyscaphe francais Archimede aux Acores: etude bionomique et ecologique du benthos profond. Acoreana, Suplemento, 237 - 264.","Mortensen, T. (1928) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. I. Cidaroidea. C. A. Reitzel & Oxford University Press, Copenhagen & London, 551 pp.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Emlet, R. B. (1995) Developmental mode and species geographic range in regular sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Evolution, 49 (3), 476 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.1995. tb 02280. x","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841"]}

Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias, Ávila, Sérgio P. (2019): The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean). Zootaxa 4639 (1): 1-231, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1

Echinocyamus scaber macrostomus Mortensen, 1907 Reports for the Azores Echinocyamus macrostomus $ Mortensen, 1907: 36–37, pl. 12, figs. 2, 7, 17, 24; $ Koehler 1909: 235, pl. 4, figs. 9–10; Mortensen 1927a: 315, 1948: 183–184; García-Diez et al. 2005: 51; Madeira et al. 2011: 255; Echinocyamus scaber macrostomus Mortensen, 1907 — $ Mironov & Sagaidachny 1984: 186–187, fig. 2.2; Mironov 2006: 113– 114; Mironov 2014: 124. See: Mortensen (1907; 1927b: 30–31); Mironov & Sagaidachny (1984). Occurrence: North Atlantic, in the west from the Blake Plateau to Cuba (Mironov 2014), in the east from Portugal to Cape Verde (Mortensen 1907, 1927b) including the archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira (Mortensen 1907) and the Josephine, Tropic and Meteor seamounts (Mironov 2006). The subspecies E. scaber scaber de Meijere, 1903 is reported from the Indo-Pacific (Mironov & Sagaidachny 1984). Depth: 1,010 –2,820 m, though bare tests have been reported as deep as 3,140 m (Mironov & Sagaidachny 1984); AZO: 1,560 –2,178 m (Mortensen 1907, Koehler 1909). Habitat: mud to sand (Koehler 1909). Remarks: Mortensen (1907) described two species of Echinocyamus, E. macrostomus and E. grandiporus using material, which included animals collected in Azorean deep waters. Mortensen (1907) considered his two new deep-water species closely related though E. macrostomus tended to live in deeper waters. In contrast, Mironov & Sagaidachny (1984) considered E. macrostomus closely related with E. scaber and downgraded Mortensen species to a variety of the later. Additionally, Mironov (2006) observed that some of the specimens from Meteor and Antialtair seamounts presented intermediate characteristics between this subspecies and E. grandiporus, suggesting that they could represent hybrids., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on pages 134-135, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Mortensen, T. (1907) Echinoidea (Part 2). In: The Danish Ingolf-Expedition 1895 - 1896. 4 (2). Bianco Luno, Copenhagen, pp. 1 - 200.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Mortensen, T. (1948) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. IV. 2. Clypeasteroida. Clypeasteridae, Arachnoidae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 471 pp.","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","Madeira, P., Kroh, A., Cordeiro, R., Meireles, R. & Avila, S. P. (2011) The fossil echinoids of Santa Maria Island, Azores (Northern Atlantic Ocean). Acta Geologica Polonica, 61 (3), 243 - 264.","Mironov, A. N. & Sagaidachny, A. Y. (1984) [Morphology and distribution of the recent echinoids of the genus Echinocyamus (Echinoidea: Fibulariidae)]. Trudy Instituta Okeanologii AN, USSR, 119, 179 - 204. [in Russian, English summary]","Mironov, A. N. (2006) Echinoids from seamounts of the north-eastern Atlantic, onshore / offshore gradients in species distribution. In: Mironov, A. N., Gebruk, A. V. & Southward, A. J. (Eds.), Biogeography of the North Atlantic Seamounts. KMK Scientific Press, Russian Academy of Sciences, P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, pp. 96 - 133.","Mironov, A. N. (2014) Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Echinoidea. Invertebrate Zoology, 11 (1), 120 - 129. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.12","Mortensen, T. (1927 b) Sur les echinides recueillis par l'expedition du \" Travailleur \" et du \" Talisman. \" Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 2 (6), 21 - 34.","Meijere, J. C. H. de (1903) Vorlaufige Beschreibung der neuen, durch die Siboga-Expedition gesammelten Echiniden. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, Series 2, 8 (1), 1 - 16."]}

Phormosoma placenta placenta Thomson, 1872b Reports for the Azores: Phormosoma placenta Thomson, 1872 b— $ Mortensen 1927b: 25; Mortensen 1935: 125–135, figs. 80–82, pl. 1, figs. 1–5, pl. 2, figs. 1–19, pl. 74, figs. 1–6, 19; Marques 1980: 105; Benavides-Serrato et al. 2012: 53. Type locality: about 100 miles to the north of the Butt of the Lewis, in Scottish waters (59°43’N, 7°40’W). See: Thomson (1872b: 732–737, pl. 62, figs. 1–5, pl. 63, figs. 1–9, 9a); Mortensen (1935). Occurrence: North Atlantic, in the Davis Strait (Mortensen 1903) south to the Northeast coast of USA (Koehler 1921a, H.L. Clark 1925) eastwards south of Iceland (Mortensen 1903) to Gulf of Guinea (Koehler 1909, Grieg 1932, Chesher 1966), including the Azores, Canary and Cape Verde archipelagos (Koehler 1909, Mortensen 1927b). The subspecies P. placenta sigsbey Agassiz, 1880 and P. placenta africana Mortensen, 1934 are reported from the Caribbean and South African waters, respectively (Mortensen 1935, Serafy & Fell 1985). Depth: 215– 2,500 m (Mortensen 1935); AZO: 1,257 m (Mortensen 1927b). Habitat: gregarious bottom-feeder (Serafy & Fell 1985) on soft sediments (muddy sand to soft ooze; Gage et al. 1985). Larval stage: lecithotrophic (Emlet 1995). Remarks: the record of Phormosoma placenta in the Azores is based on Mortensen (1927b) who identified this species among the material collected by Talisman (sta 127, 1883: 38°38’00”N, 28°20’46”W, 1,257 m)., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on pages 122-123, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Thomson, W. (1872 b) On the Echinoidea of the Porcupine Dredging Expeditions. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 2, 719 - 756.","Thomson, W. (1872 a) On the crinoids of the \" Porcupine \" deep-sea dredging expedition. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 7 (1869 - 1872), 764 - 773. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 037016460004308 X","Mortensen, T. (1927 b) Sur les echinides recueillis par l'expedition du \" Travailleur \" et du \" Talisman. \" Archives du Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, 2 (6), 21 - 34.","Mortensen, T. (1935) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. II. Bothriocidaroida, Melonechinoida, Lepidocentroida, and Stirodonta. C. A. Reitzel & Oxford University Press, Copenhagen & London, 647 pp.","Marques, V. M. (1980) Echinodermes recueillis pedant la mission \" Hesperides 76 \" du N / O Jean Charcot. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, 2 ª Serie, 7 (7), 95 - 107.","Benavides-Serrato, M., Borrero-Perez, G. H. & Diaz-Sanchez, C. M. (2012) Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano II: Echinoidea y Holothuroidea. Vol. 30. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, Santa Marta, 250 pp.","Mortensen, T. (1903) Echinoidea (Part 1). In: The Danish Ingolf-Expedition 1895 - 1896. 4 (1). Bianco Luno, Copenhagen, 4 (1), pp. 1 - 198.","Koehler, R. (1921 a) Echinodermes (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides) des dernieres campagnes de la Princesse-Alice et de l' Hirondelle II. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco, 396, 1 - 8.","Clark, H. L. (1925) A catalogue of the Recent sea urchins (Echinoidea) in the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum and Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Grieg, J. A. (1932) Echinodermata. Report of the scientific results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic deep sea expedition 1910, 3 (2), 1 - 47.","Chesher, R. H. (1966) The R / V Pillsbury deep-sea biological expedition to the Gulf of Guinea, 1964 - 1965, 10: report on the Echinoidea collected by the R / V Pillsbury in the Gulf of Guinea. Studies in Tropical Oceanography, 4 (1), 209 - 223.","Agassiz, A. (1880) Preliminary report on the Echini. Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Caribbean Sea in 1878 - 79, and along the Atlantic Coast of the United States during summer of 1880, by the U. S. Coast Survey Steamer \" Blake \". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zo ˆ logy at Harvard College, 8, 69 - 84.","Mortensen, T. (1934) New Echinoidea. Preliminary Notice. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk naturhistorisk Forening i KObenhavn, 98, 161 - 167.","Serafy, D. K. & Fell, F. J. (1985) Marine Flora and Fauna of the Northeastern United States. Echinodermata: Echinoidea. NOAA Technical Report NMFS, 33, 1 - 27.","Gage, J. D., Billett, D. S. M., Jensen, M. & Tyler, P. A. (1985) Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas. 2. Echinoidea and Holothurioidea. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 48 (4), 173 - 214.","Emlet, R. B. (1995) Developmental mode and species geographic range in regular sea urchins (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). Evolution, 49 (3), 476 - 489. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.1995. tb 02280. x"]}

Erroneous— Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa Gmelin, 1791 Reports for the Azores: non Holothuria tubulosa Gmelin, 1790 — Nobre 1924: 89, 1930: 23, 1938: 143–144, figs. 58.1, 69.1 [misidentification]; Pawson & Shirley 1977: 915 [based on previous misidentifications]; Marques 1983: 4, fig. 8 [misidentification]; Pereira 1997: 333 [based on previous misidentifications]; Morton et al. 1998: 98, 169, figs. 5.2T, 8.8R [misidentification]; Wirtz 2009a: 46 [misidentification]; Micael & Costa 2010: 323 [based on previous misidentifications]; Micael et al. 2010: 329 [based on previous misidentifications]; Micael et al. 2012: 4 [based on previous misidentifications]. Type locality: Mediterranean Sea. See: Tortonese (1965: 53–56, figs. 16, 17); Borrero-Pérez et al. (2009). Occurrence: Mediterranean Sea (Tortonese 1965). Depth: 0–100 m (Tortonese 1965). Habitat: sand, mud to gravel, on sea grass prairies (Tortonese 1965). Larval stage: probably planktotrophic (inferred from the genus; see McEdward & Miner 2001). Commercial value: edible (Sicuro & Levine 2011). Remarks: see remarks under H. mammata., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 176, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Gmelin, J. F. (1791) Vermes. In: Gmelin J. F. (Ed.), Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae. Tome 1 (6). 13 th Edition. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae, pp. 3021 - 3910.","Nobre, A. (1924) Contribuicies para a Fauna dos Acores. Anais do Instituto de Zoologia da Universidade do Porto, 1, 41 - 90.","Nobre, A. (1930) Materiais para o estudo da fauna dos Acores. Instituto de Zoologia da Universidade do Porto, Porto, 108 pp.","Nobre, A. (1938) Equinodermes de Portugal. 3 rd Edition. Companhia Editora do Minho, Barcelos, 215 pp.","Pawson, D. L. & Shirley, T. C. (1977) Occurrence of the subgenus Holothuria (Holothuria) in the Gulf of Mexico (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 90 (4), 915 - 920.","Marques, V. M. (1983) Peuplements benthiques de Acores, 1 - echinoderms. Arquivo do Museu Bocage, AII (I), 1 - 7.","Pereira, M. (1997) Checklist of the littoral echinoderms of the Azores. Acoreana, 8 (3), 331 - 337.","Morton, B., Britton, J. C. & Martins, A. F. M. (1998) Ecologia costeira dos Acores. Sociedade Afonso Chaves, Ponta Delgada, 249 pp.","Micael, J. & Costa A. C. (2010) Echinodermata. In: Borges, P. A. V., Costa, A., Cunha, R., Gabriel, R., Goncalves, V., Martins, A. F., Melo, I., Parente, M., Raposeiro, P., Rodrigues, P., Santos, R. S., Silva, L., Vieira, P. & Vieira, V. (Eds.), A list of the terrestrial and marine biota from the Azores. Principia, Oeiras, pp. 321 - 323.","Micael, J., Alves, M. J., Jones, M. B. & Costa, A. C. (2012) Diversity of shallow-water asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Azorean Archipelago. Marine Biodiversity Records, 5, e 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755267211000534","Tortonese, E. (1965) Fauna D'Italia-Echinodermata. Edizioni Calderini, Bologna, 422 pp.","Borrero-Perez, G. H., Perez-Ruzafa, A., Marcos, C. & Gonzalez-Wang ʾ emert, M. (2009) The taxonomic status of some Atlanto- Mediterranean species in the subgenus Holothuria (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Holothuriidae) based on molecular evidence. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 157, 51 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2009.00529. x","McEdward, L. R. & Miner, B. G. (2001) Larval and life-cycle patterns in echinoderms. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 79, 1125 - 1170. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 00 - 218","Sicuro, B. & Levine, J. (2011) Sea Cucumber in the Mediterranean: A Potential Species for Aquaculture in the Mediterranean. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 19 (3), 299 - 304. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 10641262.2011.598249"]}

Pteraster personatus Sladen, 1891 Reports for the Azores: Pteraster reductus Koehler 1907 a— $ Koehler 1909: 96–97, pl. 3, figs. 8–9, pl. 20, fig. 10; Mortensen 1927a: 102; Grieg 1932: 28–29, pl. 5, figs. 6–7; Cherbonnier & Sibuet 1972: 380; Gage et al. 1983: 282; Pteraster personatus Sladen, 1891 — Downey 1973: 76–77, pl. 32, figs. C–D; A.M. Clark & Downey 1992: 334, pl. 82, figs. A–B; García-Diez et al. 2005: 48; Benavides-Serrato et al. 2011: 187; Dilman 2014: 36. Type locality: Porcupine Seabight, SW of Ireland (51°01’N, 11°50’W). See: Downey (1973); A.M. Clark & Downey (1992); Benavides-Serrato et al. (2011). Occurrence: North Atlantic, in the west reported from Labrador (Cherbonnier & Sibuet 1972) and the Gulf of Mexico (Downey 1973), in the east recorded from the Rockall Trough (Cherbonnier & Sibuet 1972) and SW of Ireland (Sladen 1881) to? Mauritania (A.M. Clark & Downey 1992), including the Azores (Koehler 1909). Depth: 480– 2,870 m (Dilman 2014); AZO: 1,846 –2,870 m (Koehler 1909). Habitat: soft substrates, mud to muddy sand (Koehler 1909). Remarks: Koehler (1909) described a new species Pteraster reductus based on small poorly preserved specimens collected by Princesse Alice at several stations located within the Azores waters. Later, Downey (1973) argued that P. reductus represents juveniles of P. personatus dismissing the diagnosing differences selected by Koehler as size-dependent. No other material is known from the archipelago., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on page 61, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Sladen, W. P. (1891) Report on a collection of echinodermata from the south-west coast of Ireland, dredged in 1888 by a committee appointed by the Royal Irish Academy. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, Series 3, 1, 687 - 704.","Koehler, R. (1907 a) Note preliminaire sur quelques Asteries et Ophiures provenant des campagnes de la Princesse Alice. Bulletin de l'Institut Oceanographique de Monaco, 99, 1 - 47.","Koehler, R. (1909) Echinodermes provenant des campagnes du yacht Princesse-Alice (Asteries, Ophiures, Echinides et Crinoides). Resultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies sur son yacht par Albert Ier Prince Souverain de Monaco, 34, 1 - 317.","Mortensen, T. (1927 a) Handbook of the echinoderms of the British Isles. Oxford University Press, viii + 471 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6841","Grieg, J. A. (1932) Echinodermata. Report of the scientific results of the Michael Sars North Atlantic deep sea expedition 1910, 3 (2), 1 - 47.","Cherbonnier, G. & Sibuet, M. (1972) Resultats scientifiques de la campagne Noratlante: Asterides et Ophiurides. Bulletin du Museum National D'histoire Naturelle, 102 (76), 1333 - 1394.","Gage, J. D., Billett, D. S. M., Jensen, M. & Tyler, P. A. (1983) Echinoderms of the Rockall Trough and adjacent areas. I. Crinoidea, Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 45, 263 - 308. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 28002","Downey, M. E. (1973) Starfishes from the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 126, 1 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.126","Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Natural History Museum Publications. Chapman & Hall, London, 794 pp.","Garcia-Diez, C., Porteiro, F. M., Meirinho, A., Cardigos, F. & Tempera, F. (2005) Taxonomic review of selected invertebrate groups collected during the Campaigns of the Prince Albert I of Monaco in the Azorean waters. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences, 22 A, 35 - 59.","Benavides-Serrato, M., Borrero-Perez, G. H. & Diaz-Sanchez, C. M. (2011) Equinodermos del Caribe colombiano I: Crinoidea, Asteroidea y Ophiuoridea. Vol. 22. Serie de Publicaciones Especiales de Invemar, Santa Marta, 384 pp.","Dilman A. B. (2014) Deep-sea fauna of European seas: An annotated species check-list of benthic invertebrates living deeper than 2000 m in the seas bordering Europe. Asteroidea. Invertebrate Zoology, 11 (1), 25 - 42. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 11.1.05"]}

Erroneous— Calymne relicta Thomson, 1877 Reports for the Azores: Calymne relicta — Agassiz 1881: 155–157, pl. 34, figs. 1–13, pl. 39, figs. 24–26, pl. 40, figs. 63–65, pl. 43, fig. 24, pl. 44, figs. 47, 48. Type locality: North of the Bermuda. See: Mortensen (1950: 129–131, fig. 115); Saucede et al. (2009). Occurrence: North Atlantic deep sea, north of the Bermuda, NW of Ampere Seamount and the Newfoundland Basin (Saucède et al. 2009). Habitat: on soft bottoms (muddy sand; Saucede et al. 2009). Depth: 3,720–4,860 m (Saucède et al. 2009). Remarks: on reviewing the material from H.M.S. Challenger, H.L. Clark (1925) noticed that the specimens reported by Agassiz (1881) as coming from Faial Island were mislabelled, being from Bermuda’s waters in reality., Published as part of Madeira, Patrícia, Kroh, Andreas, Cordeiro, Ricardo, De, António M., Martins, Frias & Ávila, Sérgio P., 2019, The Echinoderm Fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic Ocean), pp. 1-231 in Zootaxa 4639 (1) on pages 171-172, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4639.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3342161, {"references":["Thomson, W. (1877) The voyage of the \" Challenger \": the Atlantic. Vol. 1. Macmillan, London, 424 pp.","Agassiz, A. (1881) Report on the Echinoidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger, Zoology, 3, 1 - 321.","Mortensen, T. (1950) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. Vol. 1. Spatangoida I. Protosternata, Meridosternata, Amphisternata I. Palaeopneustidae, Palaeostomatidae, Aeropsidae, Toxasteridae, Micrasteridae, Hemiasteridae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 432 pp.","Saucede, T., Mironov, A. N., Mooi, R. & David, B. (2009) The morphology, ontogeny, and inferred behaviour of the deep-sea echinoid Calymne relicta (Holasteroida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 155, 630 - 648. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2008.00461. x","Clark, H. L. (1925) A catalogue of the Recent sea urchins (Echinoidea) in the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum and Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp."]}