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Let $X$ be a compact Hausdorff space. In this work we translate partial actions of $X$ to partial actions on some hyperspaces determined by $X,$ this gives an endofunctor $2^{-}$ in the category of partial actions on compact Hausdorff spaces which generates a monad in this category. Moreover, structural relations between partial actions $\theta$ on $X$ and partial determined by $2^{\theta}$ are established.

This article contains a short and entertaining list of unsolved problems in Plane Geometry. Their statement may seem naive and can be understood at an elementary level. But their solutions have refused to appear for forty years in the best case.

We examine the magnetic properties of the quasi 2D ferrimagnetic single crystal Mn3Si2Te6 (MST) through critical phenomena and magnetic entropy analysis in the easy axis (H || ab) as a function of proton irradiance. Employing a modified asymptotic analysis method, we find that upon proton irradiation the critical exponents do not fall into any particular universality class but lie close to mean field critical exponents ({\gamma} = 1, \b{eta} = 0.5). The presence of long-range interactions can be safely assumed for the pristine and irradiated cases of MST examined in this work. Further analysis on the effective spatial dimensionality reveal that MST remains at d = 3 under proton irradiation transitioning from an n = 1 spin dimensionality to n = 2 and n=3 for 1 x 10^15 and 5 x 10^15 H+/cm^2, indicating an XY interaction and a Heisenberg interaction, respectively. The pair (spin-spin) correlation function reveals an increase in magnetic correlations at the proton irradiance of 5 x 10^15 H+/cm^2. In conjunction, the maximum change in magnetic entropy obtained from isothermal magnetization at 3 T is the largest for 5 x 10^15 H+/cm^2 with a value of 2.45 J/kgK at T = 73.66 K, in comparison to 1.60 J/kgK for pristine MST at T = 73 K. Magnetic entropy derived from zero-field heat capacity does not show large deviations across the proton irradiated samples. This suggests that the antiferromagnetic coupling between the Mn sites is stable even after proton irradiation. Such result implies that magnetization is enhanced through a strengthening of the super-exchange interaction between Mn atoms mediated through Te rather than a weakening of the AFM component. Overall, our study finds that the magnetic interactions are manipulated the greatest when MST is irradiated at 5 x 10^15 H+/cm^2.

Let $\Lambda$ be an Artin algebra. In 2014, T. Adachi, O. Iyama and I. Reiten proved that the torsion funtorially finite classes in $\mathrm{mod}\,(\Lambda)$ can be described by the $\tau$-tilting theory. The aim of this paper is to introduce the notion of $F$-torsion class in $\mathrm{mod}\,(\Lambda)$, where $F$ is an additive subfunctor of $\mathrm{Ext}^1_\Lambda,$ and to characterize when these clases are preenveloping and $F$-preenveloping. In order to do that, we introduce the notion of $F$-presilting $\Lambda$-module. The latter is both a generalization of $\tau$-rigid and $F$-tilting in $\mathrm{mod}(\Lambda).$

We show that for a partial action $\eta$ with closed domain of a compact group $G$ on a profinite space $X$ the space of orbits $X/\!\sim_G$ is profinite, this leads to the fact that when $G$ is profinite the enveloping space $X_G$ is also profinite. Moreover, we provide conditions for the induced quotient map $\pi_G: X\to X/\!\sim_G$ of $\eta$ to have a continuous section. Relations between continuous sections of $\pi_G$ and continuous sections of the quotient map induced by the enveloping action of $\eta$ are also considered. At the end of this work we prove that the category of actions on profinite spaces with countable number of clopen sets is reflective in the category of actions of compact Hausdorff spaces having countable number of clopen sets.

Around 1930, K. Menger expressed his interest in the concept of abstract angle function. He introduced a general definition of this notion for metric and semi-metric spaces. He also proposed two problems concerning conformal embeddability of spaces endowed with an angle function into Euclidean spaces. These problems received attention in later years but only for some particular cases of metric spaces. In this article we first update the definition of angle function to apply to the larger class of spaces with a notion of betweenness, which seem to us a more natural framework. In this new general setting, we solve the two problems proposed by Menger.

In this work we study the classes of epsilon and nearly epsilon-strongly graded rings by a group $G$. In particular, we extend Dade's theorem to the realm of nearly epsilon-strongly graded rings. Moreover, we introduce the category SIM$S-$gr of symmetrically graded modules and use it to present a new characterization of strongly graded rings. A functorial approach is used to obtain a characterization of epsilon-strongly graded rings. Finally, we determine conditions for which an epsilon-strongly graded ring can be written as a direct sum of strongly graded rings and a trivially graded ring.

We demonstrate the application of pattern recognition algorithms via hidden Markov models (HMM) for qubit readout. This scheme provides a state-path trajectory approach capable of detecting qubit state transitions and makes for a robust classification scheme with higher starting state assignment fidelity than when compared to a multivariate Gaussian (MVG) or a support vector machine (SVM) scheme. Therefore, the method also eliminates the qubit-dependent readout time optimization requirement in current schemes. Using a HMM state discriminator we estimate fidelities reaching the ideal limit. Unsupervised learning gives access to transition matrix, priors, and IQ distributions, providing a toolbox for studying qubit state dynamics during strong projective readout., Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures

If time is described by a fundamental process rather than a coordinate, it interacts with any physical system that evolves in time. The resulting dynamics is shown here to be consistent provided the fundamental period of the time system is sufficiently small. A strong upper bound T_C < 10^{-33}s of the fundamental period of time, several orders of magnitude below any direct time measurement, is obtained from bounds on dynamical variations of the period of a system evolving in time., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures

The first goal of this article is to provide an statement of the conditions for geometric continuity of order k, referred in the bibliography as beta-constraints, in terms of Riordan matrices. The second one is to see this new formulation in action to solve a theoretical cuestion about uniqueness of analytic solution for a general and classical problem in plane geometry: the F-chordal problem.

As a milestone for general-purpose computing machines, we demonstrate that quantum processors can be programmed to efficiently simulate dynamics that are not native to the hardware. Moreover, on noisy devices without error correction, we show that simulation results are significantly improved when the quantum program is compiled using modular gates instead of a restricted set of standard gates. We demonstrate the general methodology by solving a cubic interaction problem, which appears in nonlinear optics, gauge theories, as well as plasma and fluid dynamics. To encode the nonnative Hamiltonian evolution, we decompose the Hilbert space into a direct sum of invariant subspaces in which the nonlinear problem is mapped to a finite-dimensional Hamiltonian simulation problem. In a three-states example, the resultant unitary evolution is realized by a product of ~20 standard gates, using which ~10 simulation steps can be carried out on state-of-the-art quantum hardware before results are corrupted by decoherence. In comparison, the simulation depth is improved by more than an order of magnitude when the unitary evolution is realized as a single cubic gate, which is compiled directly using optimal control. Alternatively, parametric gates may also be compiled by interpolating control pulses. Modular gates thus obtained provide high-fidelity building blocks for quantum Hamiltonian simulations., Comment: 4 figures. pages 1-6 are main text and bibliography, and pages 7-8 are supplemental material

In this article we introduce a general definition of the concept of center of an $n$-gon, for $n\geq 3$, generalizing the idea of C. Kimberling for triangle. We define centers associated to functions instead of to geometrical properties. We discuss the definition of those functions depending on both, the vertices of the polygons or the lengths of sides and diagonals. We explore the problem of characterization of regular polygons in terms of these $n$-gon center functions and we study the relation between our general definition of center of a polygon and other approaches arising from Applied Mathematics.