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Este trabajo constituye un primer acercamiento al papel que la izquierda anticolonial francesa tuvo en la solidaridad activa con grupos guerrilleros y movimientos de liberación de América Latina. Para ello, el texto reconstruye el proceso de surgimiento y desarrollo de la organización Solidarité, fundada por veteranos de las redes francesas de apoyo al FLN argelino y analiza las relaciones establecidas con organizaciones revolucionarias latinoamericanas, particularmente en la República Dominicana desde mediados de los años sesenta. La evidencia empírica fundamental de este trabajo la constituye el archivo de Solidarité depositado en los fondos del International Institute of Social History (IISH) de Amsterdam. Junto a ello, se ha hecho uso de diversas fuentes secundarias, incluyendo biografías de activistas clave de Solidarité, entre otras. This work explores the role that the French anti-colonial left had in active solidarity with Latin American liberation movements and guerrilla groups. To this end, the text reconstructs the process of emergence and development of the Solidarité organization, founded by veterans of the French networks in support of the Algerian FLN, and analyses the relationships established with Latin American revolutionary organizations, particularly in the Dominican Republic since the mid-1960s. The work is built with empirical evidence from the Solidarité archive located in the International Institute of Social History (IISH) in Amsterdam. Along with this, use has been made of various secondary sources, including biographies of key Solidarité activists, among others.

TP53is a master tumor suppressor gene, mutated in approximately half of all human cancers. Given the many regulatory roles of the corresponding p53 protein, it is possible to infer loss of p53 activity -- which may occur from trans-acting alterations -- from gene expression patterns. We apply this approach to transcriptomes of ~8,000 tumors and ~1,000 cell lines, estimating that 12% and 8% of tumors and cancer cell lines phenocopyTP53loss: they are likely deficient in the activity of the p53 pathway, while not bearing obviousTP53inactivating mutations. While some of these are explained by amplifications in the known phenocopying genesMDM2, MDM4andPPM1D, others are not. An analysis of cancer genomic scores jointly with CRISPR/RNAi genetic screening data identified an additionalTP53-loss phenocopying gene,USP28. Deletions inUSP28are associated with aTP53functional impairment in 2.9-7.6% of breast, bladder, lung, liver and stomach tumors, and are comparable toMDM4amplifications in terms of effect size. Additionally, in the known CNA segments harboringMDM2, we identify an additional co-amplified gene (CNOT2) that may cooperatively boost theTP53functional inactivation effect. An analysis using the phenocopy scores suggests thatTP53(in)activity commonly modulates associations between anticancer drug effects and relevant genetic markers, such asPIK3CAandPTENmutations, and should thus be considered as a relevant interacting factor in personalized medicine studies. As a resource, we provide the drug-marker associations that differ depending onTP53functional status.

Predictive biomarkers of functional or biological age are key for evaluating interventions aimed at increasing healthspan and, perhaps, lifespan in humans. Currently, cardiovascular performance, blood analytes, frailty indices, and DNA methylation clocks are used to provide such estimates; each technique has its own strength and limitations. We have developed a novel approach, microscopic imaging of epigenetic age (miEpiAge), which computes multiparametric signatures based on the patterns of epigenetic landscape in single nuclei. We demonstrated that such epigenetic age (EpiAge) readouts robustly distinguish young and old cells from multiple tissues and observed the emergency of epigenetic trajectories of aging using different embeddings of peripheral blood (e.g. CD3+ T cells) without linear regression or averaging. EpiAge readouts based on H3K4me1, H3K27ac, and H3K27me3 revealed distinct progression of epigenetic age in different tissues, while brain and heart were correlated (Spearman r=0.8, p=0.015), and suggested an overall slower pace of epigenetic changes in brain and kidney. Further, EpiAge readouts were consistent with expected acceleration or slowdown of biological age in chronologically identical mice treated with chemotherapy or following caloric restriction regimen, respectively. Critically, we demonstrated that miEpiAge readouts from mouse skeletal muscles correlate (Pearson r=0.92, p=5e-8) with linear combinations of circadian rhythms dependent whole organism metabolic and behavioral readouts recorded from the same mice. Because EpiAge readouts are derived from individual sample measurements without averaging or regression on chronological age, EpiAge represents a personalized biomarker. We posit that miEpiAge provides first in class approach to assess functional age in a variety of organs and tissues offering a rich collection of universal personalized biomarkers of functional age with a single cell resolution.

ALMA observations of z > 6 galaxies hav e rev ealed abnormally high [O III ] 88 μm /[C II ] 158 μm ratios and [C II ] 158 μm deficits compared to local galaxies. The origin of this behaviour is unknown. Numerous solutions have been proposed including differences in C and O abundance ratios, observational bias, and differences in ISM properties, including ionization parameter, gas density, or photodissociation region (PDR) covering fraction. In order to elucidate the underlying physics that drives this high- redshift phenomenon, we employ SPHINX 20 , a state-of-the-art, cosmological radiation-hydrodynamics simulation, that resolves detailed ISM properties of thousands of galaxies in the epoch of reionization which has been post-processed with CLOUDY to predict emission lines. We find that the observed z > 6 [O III ] 88 μm -SFR and [C II ] 158 μm -SFR relations can only be reproduced when the C/O abundance ratio is ∼8 ×lower than Solar and the total metal production is ∼4 ×higher than that of a Kroupa IMF. This implies that high-redshift galaxies are potentially primarily enriched by low-metallicity core-collapse supernovae with a more top-heavy IMF. As AGB stars and type-Ia supernova begin to contribute to the galaxy metallicity, both the [C II ] 158 μm -SFR and [C II ] 158 μm luminosity functions are predicted to converge to observed values at z ∼4.5. While we demonstrate that ionization parameter, LyC escape fraction, ISM gas density, and CMB attenuation all drive galaxies towards higher [O III ] 88 μm /[C II ] 158 μm , observed values at z > 6 can only be reproduced with substantially lower C/O abundances compared to Solar. The combination of [C II ] 158 μm and [O III ] 88 μm can be used to predict the values of ionization parameter, ISM gas density, and LyC escape fraction and we provide estimates of these quantities for nine observed z > 6 galaxies. Finally, we demonstrate that [O I ] 63 μm can be used as a replacement for [C II ] 158 μm in high-redshift galaxies where [C II ] 158 μm is unobserved and argue that more observation time should be used to target [O I ] 63 μm at z > 6. Future simulations will be needed to self-consistently address the numerous uncertainties surrounding a varying IMF at high redshift and the associated metal returns.

Our understanding of the process through which magnetic fields reached their observed strengths in present-day galaxies remains incomplete. One of the advocated solutions is a turbulent dynamo mechanism that rapidly amplifies weak magnetic field seeds to the order of ${\sim}\mu$G. However, simulating the turbulent dynamo is a very challenging computational task due to the demanding span of spatial scales and the complexity of the required numerical methods. In particular, turbulent velocity and magnetic fields are extremely sensitive to the spatial discretisation of simulated domains. To explore how refinement schemes affect galactic turbulence and amplification of magnetic fields in cosmological simulations, we compare two refinement strategies. A traditional quasi-Lagrangian adaptive mesh refinement approach focusing spatial resolution on dense regions, and a new refinement method that resolves the entire galaxy with a high resolution quasi-uniform grid. Our new refinement strategy yields much faster magnetic energy amplification than the quasi-Lagrangian method, which is also significantly greater than the adiabatic compressional estimate indicating that the extra amplification is produced through stretching of magnetic field lines. Furthermore, with our new refinement the magnetic energy growth factor scales with resolution following $\propto \Dres^{-1/2}$, in much better agreement with small-scale turbulent box simulations. Finally, we find evidence suggesting most magnetic amplification in our simulated galaxies occurs in the warm phase of their interstellar medium, which has a better developed turbulent field with our new refinement strategy., Comment: Replaced to match version accepted for publication in MNRAS. 20 pages, 17 figures and 2 appendices

ALMA observations of $z>6$ galaxies have revealed abnormally high [OIII]$_{\rm 88\mu m}$/[CII]$_{\rm 158\mu m}$ ratios and [CII]$_{\rm 158\mu m}$ deficits compared to local galaxies. Numerous solutions have been proposed including differences in C and O abundance ratios, observational bias, and differences in ISM properties. In order to elucidate the underlying physics that drives this high-redshift phenomenon, we employ SPHINX$^{20}$, a state-of-the-art, cosmological radiation-hydrodynamics simulation, that resolves detailed ISM properties of thousands of galaxies in the epoch of reionization. We find that the observed $z>6$ [OIII]-SFR and [CII]-SFR relations can only be reproduced when the C/O abundance ratio is $\sim8\times$ lower than Solar and the total metal production is $\sim4\times$ higher than that of a Kroupa IMF. This implies that high-redshift galaxies are potentially primarily enriched by low-metallicity core-collapse supernovae with a more top-heavy IMF. As AGB stars and type-Ia supernova begin to contribute to the galaxy metallicity, both the [CII]-SFR and [CII] luminosity functions are predicted to converge to observed values at $z\sim4.5$. While we demonstrate that ionisation parameter, LyC escape fraction, ISM gas density, and CMB attenuation all drive galaxies towards higher [OIII]/[CII], observed values at $z>6$ can only be reproduced with substantially lower C/O abundances compared to Solar. The combination of [CII] and [OIII] can be used to predict the values of ionisation parameter, ISM gas density, and LyC escape fraction and we provide estimates of these quantities for nine observed $z>6$ galaxies. Finally, we demonstrate that [OI]$_{\rm 63\mu m}$ can be used as a replacement for [CII] in high-redshift galaxies where [CII] is unobserved and argue that more observation time should be used to target [OI] at $z>6$. (Abridged)

We present the first results from SPHINX-MHD, a suite of cosmological radiation-magnetohydrodynamics simulations designed to study the impact of primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) on galaxy formation and the evolution of the intergalactic medium during the epoch of reionization. The simulations are among the first to employ multi-frequency, on-the-fly radiation transfer and constrained transport ideal MHD in a cosmological context to simultaneously model the inhomogeneous process of reionization as well as the growth of PMFs. We run a series of $(5\,\text{cMpc})^3$ cosmological volumes, varying both the strength of the seed magnetic field ($B_0$) and its spectral index ($n_B$). We find that PMFs that have $n_B > -0.562\log_{10}\left(\frac{B_0}{1{\rm n}G}\right) - 3.35$ produce electron optical depths ($\tau_e$) that are inconsistent with CMB constraints due to the unrealistically early collapse of low-mass dwarf galaxies. For $n_B\geq-2.9$, our constraints are considerably tighter than the $\sim{\rm n}G$ constraints from Planck. PMFs that do not satisfy our constraints have little impact on the reionization history or the shape of the UV luminosity function. Likewise, detecting changes in the Lya forest due to PMFs will be challenging because photoionisation and photoheating efficiently smooth the density field. However, we find that the first absorption feature in the global 21cm signal is a sensitive indicator of the properties of the PMFs, even for those that satisfy our $\tau_e$ constraint. Furthermore, strong PMFs can marginally increase the escape of LyC photons by up to 25\% and shrink the effective radii of galaxies by $\sim44\%$ which could increase the completeness fraction of galaxy surveys. Finally, our simulations show that surveys with a magnitude limit of ${\rm M_{UV,1500}=-13}$ can probe the sources that provide the majority of photons for reionization out to $z=12$., Comment: 29 pages, 27 figures, accepted MNRAS

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background We have previously noticed that some patients with decrease of the ratio of early LV inflow velocity to early tissue Doppler annulus velocity (E/e`) with exercise might have better outcome than others that exhibit raised values at both rest and exercise. In this research, we aimed to assess the prognostic value of E/e´ change with exercise in patients with normal or abnormal resting diastolic function (DF) referred for a clinically indicated ExE. Methods LV systolic and diastolic function (DF) according to ASE/EACVI guidelines, were evaluated at rest in 750 patients (age 67 ± 12 years) with preserved LV ejection fraction (≥50). We assessed regional/global LV systolic function at peak exercise, while E/e’ was evaluated in the immediate post-exercise period. Abnormal ExE was defined as ischemia or fixed wall motion abnormalities, and raised E/e´values as >15 at rest and at exercise (e´ at the septal level). Patients were grouped as having raised E/e´ at both rest and exercise (R-RestEx, n = 77), raised E/e´ only at exercise (R-Ex, n = 47), raised only at rest (R-Rest, n = 71) and non-raised (NR, n = 555). Events were overall mortality, myocardial infarction, admission for unstable angina or cardiac failure, coronary revascularization, pulmonary thromboembolism, and stroke. Results Abnormal resting DF was present in 219 patients (29%), indeterminate in 70 (9%). Percentages of abnormal resting DF were 13% in group NR, 90% in group R-Rest, 28% in group R-Ex and 88% in group R-RestEx (p Conclusions E/e´ changes during exercise may help to reclassify risk of patients. Patients with normal E/e´ values at exercise have better outcome, despite resting values. Abstract Figure.

We measure escape fractions, $f_{\rm esc}$, of ionizing radiation from galaxies in the SPHINX suite of cosmological radiation-hydrodynamical simulations of reionization, resolving halos with $M_{\rm vir} \gtrapprox 7.5 \times 10^7 \ M_{\odot}$ with a minimum cell width of $\approx 10$ pc. Our new and largest $20$ co-moving Mpc wide volume contains tens of thousands of star-forming galaxies with halo masses up to a few times $10^{11} \ M_{\odot}$. The simulated galaxies agree well with observational constraints of the UV luminosity function in the Epoch of Reionization. The escape fraction fluctuates strongly in individual galaxies over timescales of a few Myrs, due to its regulation by supernova and radiation feedback, and at any given time a tiny fraction of star-forming galaxies emits a large fraction of the ionizing radiation escaping into the inter-galactic medium. Statistically, $f_{\rm esc}$ peaks in intermediate-mass, intermediate-brightness, and low-metallicity galaxies ($M_{*} \approx 10^7 \ M_{\odot}$, $M_{1500} \approx -17$, $Z\lesssim 5 \times 10^{-3} \ Z_{\odot}$), dropping strongly for lower and higher masses, brighter and dimmer galaxies, and more metal-rich galaxies. The escape fraction correlates positively with both the short-term and long-term specific star formation rate. According to SPHINX, galaxies too dim to be yet observed, with $M_{1500} \gtrapprox -17$, provide about $55$ percent of the photons contributing to reionization. The global averaged $f_{\rm esc}$ naturally decreases with decreasing redshift, as predicted by UV background models and low-redshift observations. This evolution is driven by decreasing specific star formation rates over cosmic time., Comment: 20 figures, 21 pages plus appendices. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

We describe the data processing of the Survey on extragALactic magnetiSm with SOFIA (SALSA Legacy Program). This first data release presents 33% (51.34h out of 155.7h, including overheads) of the total awarded time taken from January 2020 to December 2021. Our observations were performed using the newly implemented on-the-fly mapping (OTFMAP) technique in the polarimetric mode. We present the pipeline steps to obtain homogeneously reduced high-level data products of polarimetric maps of galaxies for use in scientific analysis. Our approach has a general design and can be applied to sources smaller than the field-of-view of the HAWC+ array in any given band. We estimate that the OTFMAP polarimetric mode offers a reduction of observing overheads by a factor 2.34, and an improvement in sensitivity by a factor 1.80 when compared to previously obtained polarimetric observations using the chopping and nodding mode. The OTFMAP is a significant optimization of the polarimetric mode of HAWC+ as it ultimately reduces the cost of operations of SOFIA/HAWC+ by increasing the science collected per hour of observation up to an overall factor of 2.49. The OTFMAP polarimetric mode is the standard observing strategy of SALSA. The results and quantitative analysis of this first data release are presented in Papers IV and V of the series., Comment: 26 pages, 16 figures, 5 tables. Submitted to ApJ (Comments welcome)

This article aims to contrast metadiscourse and intertextuality in 40 undergraduate dissertations written in Spanish in engineering and the humanities at a Chilean university. Results show that guidance on dissertations’ goals and stages is common across disciplines, especially in introductions, although engineering signals goals more often. All students graduate statements, especially in conclusions, but the frequency of graduation doubles in the humanities. Humanities students prefer hedging over boosting, while boosting is more common in engineering. Self-mentions, especially plural authorial, are frequent in the humanities but do not occur in engineering. Citations are five times more frequent and usually integral in the humanities, while engineering only uses non-integral citations. Indirect speech predominates across disciplines, but direct and mixed speech are also relatively common in the humanities. This study can help to understand undergraduate students’ authorial voices written in Spanish, depict discipline-specific writing choices, and supply data for writing instruction initiatives.