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101. Modeling the optical/UV polarization while flying around the tilted outflows of NGC 1068

Author

Marin, Frederic, Goosmann, Rene W., and Dovciak, Michal

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, J.2.3, J.2.9
Abstract

Recent modeling of multi-waveband spectroscopic and maser observations suggests that the ionized outflows in the nuclear region of the archetypal Seyfert-2 galaxy NGC 1068 are inclined with respect to the vertical axis of the obscuring torus. Based on this suggestion, we build a complex reprocessing model of NGC 1068 for the optical/UV band. We apply the radiative transfer code STOKES to compute polarization spectra and images. The effects of electron and dust scattering and the radiative coupling occurring in the inner regions of the multi-component object are taken into account and evaluated at different polar and azimuthal viewing angles. The observed type-1/type-2 polarization dichotomy of active galactic nuclei is reproduced. At the assumed observer's inclination toward NGC 1068, the polarization is dominated by scattering in the polar outflows and therefore it indicates their tilting angle with respect to the torus axis. While a detailed analysis of our model results is still in progress, we briefly discuss how they relate to existing polarization observations of NGC 1068., Comment: To appear in the proceedings of the meeting "The Central Kiloparsec in Galactic Nuclei" held in Bad Honnef (Germany) from August 29th to September 2nd 2011

Published
2012
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104. X-ray Polarization Reveals the Precessions of the Neutron Star in Hercules X-1

Author

Heyl, Jeremy, primary, Doroshenko, Victor, additional, González-Caniulef, Denis, additional, Caiazzo, Ilaria, additional, Poutanen, Juri, additional, Mushtukov, Alexander, additional, Tsygankov, Sergey, additional, Kirmizibayrak, Demet, additional, Bachetti, Matteo, additional, Pavlov, George, additional, Agudo, Iván, additional, Antonelli, Lucio, additional, Baldini, Luca, additional, Baumgartner, Wayne, additional, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, additional, Bianchi, Stefano, additional, Bongiorno, Stephen, additional, Bonino, Raffaella, additional, Brez, Alessandro, additional, Bucciantini, Niccolò, additional, Capitanio, Fiamma, additional, Castellano, Simone, additional, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, additional, Chen, Chien-Ting, additional, Ciprini, Stefano, additional, Costa, Enrico, additional, De Rosa, Alessandra, additional, Monte, Ettore Del, additional, Gesu, Laura Di, additional, Lalla, Niccolo Di, additional, Marco, Alessandro Di, additional, Donnarumma, Immacolata, additional, Dovciak, Michal, additional, Ehlert, Steven, additional, Enoto, Teruaki, additional, Evangelista, Yuri, additional, Fabiani, Sergio, additional, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, additional, Garcia, Javier, additional, Gunji, Shuichi, additional, Iwakiri, Wataru, additional, Jorstad, Svetlana, additional, Kaaret, Philip, additional, Karas, Vladimir, additional, Kislat, Fabian, additional, Kitaguchi, Takao, additional, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery, additional, Krawczynski, Henric, additional, Monaca, Fabio La, additional, Latronico, Luca, additional, Liodakis, Ioannis, additional, Maldera, Simone, additional, Manfreda, Alberto, additional, Marin, Frederic, additional, Marinucci, Andrea, additional, Marscher, Alan, additional, Marshall, Herman, additional, Massaro, Francesco, additional, Matt, Giorgio, additional, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, additional, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, additional, Muleri, Fabio, additional, Negro, Michela, additional, Ng, C.-Y., additional, O'Dell, Stephen, additional, Omodei, Nicola, additional, Oppedisano, Chiara, additional, Papitto, Alessandro, additional, Peirson, Abel, additional, Perri, Matteo, additional, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, additional, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, additional, Pilia, Maura, additional, Possenti, Andrea, additional, Puccetti, Simonetta, additional, Ramsey, Brian, additional, Rankin, John, additional, Ratheesh, Ajay, additional, Roberts, Oliver, additional, Romani, Roger, additional, Sgro, Carmelo, additional, Slane, Patrick, additional, Soffitta, Paolo, additional, Spandre, Gloria, additional, Swartz, Doug, additional, Tamagawa, Toru, additional, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, additional, Taverna, Roberto, additional, Tawara, Yuzuru, additional, Tennant, Allyn, additional, Thomas, Nicholas, additional, Tombesi, Francesco, additional, Trois, Alessio, additional, Turolla, Roberto, additional, Vink, Jacco, additional, Weisskopf, Martin, additional, Wu, Kinwah, additional, Xie, Fei, additional, and Zane, Silvia, additional

Published
2023
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105. Estimation of the Relationship Between External Biceps Brachii Deformation and Isometric Contraction Level Using Motion Capture Technique

Author

AL Harrach, Mariam, Boudaoud, Sofiane, Ben Mansour, Khalil, Grosset, Jean-Francois, Marin, Frederic, Magjarevic, Ratko, Editor-in-chief, Ładyżyński, Piotr, Series editor, Ibrahim, Fatimah, Series editor, Lacković, Igor, Series editor, Rock, Emilio Sacristan, Series editor, Kyriacou, Efthyvoulos, editor, Christofides, Stelios, editor, and Pattichis, Constantinos S., editor

Published
2016
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110. Biomineralization: Mapping Skeletal Proteins In Situ by Molecular Recognition Imaging with Antibody-Functionalized AFM Tips

Author

Khurshid, Benazir, primary, Lesniewska, Eric, additional, Polacchi, Luca, additional, L'Héronde, Maëva, additional, Jackson, Daniel J., additional, Motreuil, Sébastien, additional, Thomas, Jérôme, additional, Bardeau, J.-F., additional, Wolf, Stephan E., additional, Vielzeuf, Daniel, additional, Perrin, Jonathan, additional, and MARIN, Frederic, additional

Published
2023
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116. When the Milky Way hosted a quasar

Author

Marin, Frederic, primary, Churazov, Eugene, additional, Khabibullin, Ildar, additional, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, additional, Gesu, Laura Di, additional, Barnouin, Thibault, additional, Marco, Alessandro Di, additional, Middei, Riccardo, additional, Vikhlinin, Alexey, additional, Costa, Enrico, additional, Soffitta, Paolo, additional, Muleri, Fabio, additional, Sunyaev, Rashid, additional, Forman, William, additional, Kraft, Ralph, additional, Bianchi, Stefano, additional, Donnarumma, Immacolata, additional, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, additional, Enoto, Teruaki, additional, Agudo, Iván, additional, Antonelli, Lucio, additional, Bachetti, Matteo, additional, Baldini, Luca, additional, Baumgartner, Wayne, additional, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, additional, Bongiorno, Stephen, additional, Bonino, Raffaella, additional, Brez, Alessandro, additional, Bucciantini, Niccolo, additional, Capitanio, Fiamma, additional, Castellano, Simone, additional, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, additional, Chen, Chien-Ting, additional, Ciprini, Stefano, additional, De Rosa, Alessandra, additional, Monte, Ettore Del, additional, Lalla, Niccolo Di, additional, Doroshenko, Victor, additional, Dovciak, Michal, additional, Ehlert, Steven, additional, Evangelista, Yuri, additional, Fabiani, Sergio, additional, Garcia, Javier, additional, Gunji, Shuichi, additional, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, additional, Heyl, Jeremy, additional, Ingram, Adam, additional, Iwakiri, Wataru, additional, Jorstad, Svetlana, additional, Kaaret, Philip, additional, Karas, Vladimir, additional, Kitaguchi, Takao, additional, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery, additional, Krawczynski, Henric, additional, Monaca, Fabio La, additional, Latronico, Luca, additional, Liodakis, Ioannis, additional, Maldera, Simone, additional, Manfreda, Alberto, additional, Marinucci, Andrea, additional, Marscher, Alan, additional, Marshall, Herman, additional, Massaro, Francesco, additional, Matt, Giorgio, additional, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, additional, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, additional, Negro, Michela, additional, Ng, C.-Y., additional, O'Dell, Stephen, additional, Omodei, Nicola, additional, Oppedisano, Chiara, additional, Papitto, Alessandro, additional, Pavlov, George, additional, Peirson, Abel, additional, Perri, Matteo, additional, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, additional, Pilia, Maura, additional, Possenti, Andrea, additional, Poutanen, Juri, additional, Puccetti, Simonetta, additional, Ramsey, Brian, additional, Rankin, John, additional, Ratheesh, Ajay, additional, Roberts, Oliver, additional, Romani, Roger, additional, Sgro, Carmelo, additional, Slane, Patrick, additional, Spandre, Gloria, additional, Swartz, Doug, additional, Tamagawa, Toru, additional, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, additional, Taverna, Roberto, additional, Tawara, Yuzuru, additional, Tennant, Allyn, additional, Thomas, Nicholas, additional, Tombesi, Francesco, additional, Trois, Alessio, additional, Tsygankov, Sergey, additional, Turolla, Roberto, additional, Vink, Jacco, additional, Weisskopf, Martin, additional, Wu, Kinwah, additional, Xie, Fei, additional, and Zane, Silvia, additional

Published
2022
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121. Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer: prelaunch

Author

Weisskopf, Martin C., primary, Soffitta, Paolo, additional, Baldini, Luca, additional, Ramsey, Brian D., additional, O’Dell, Stephen L., additional, Romani, Roger W., additional, Matt, Giorgio, additional, Deininger, William D., additional, Baumgartner, Wayne H., additional, Bellazzini, Ronaldo, additional, Costa, Enrico, additional, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., additional, Latronico, Luca, additional, Marshall, Herman L., additional, Muleri, Fabio, additional, Bongiorno, Stephen D., additional, Tennant, Allyn, additional, Bucciantini, Niccolo, additional, Dovciak, Michal, additional, Marin, Frederic, additional, Marscher, Alan, additional, Poutanen, Juri, additional, Slane, Pat, additional, Turolla, Roberto, additional, Kalinowski, William, additional, Di Marco, Alessandro, additional, Fabiani, Sergio, additional, Minuti, Massimo, additional, La Monaca, Fabio, additional, Pinchera, Michele, additional, Rankin, John, additional, Sgro’, Carmelo, additional, Trois, Alessio, additional, Xie, Fei, additional, Alexander, Cheryl, additional, Allen, D. Zachery, additional, Amici, Fabrizio, additional, Andersen, Jason, additional, Antonelli, Angelo, additional, Antoniak, Spencer, additional, Attinà, Primo, additional, Barbanera, Mattia, additional, Bachetti, Matteo, additional, Baggett, Randy M., additional, Bladt, Jeff, additional, Brez, Alessandro, additional, Bonino, Raffaella, additional, Boree, Christopher, additional, Borotto, Fabio, additional, Breeding, Shawn, additional, Brienza, Daniele, additional, Bygott, H. Kyle, additional, Caporale, Ciro, additional, Cardelli, Claudia, additional, Carpentiero, Rita, additional, Castellano, Simone, additional, Castronuovo, Marco, additional, Cavalli, Luca, additional, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, additional, Ceccanti, Marco, additional, Centrone, Mauro, additional, Citraro, Saverio, additional, D’Amico, Fabio, additional, D’Alba, Elisa, additional, Di Gesu, Laura, additional, Del Monte, Ettore, additional, Dietz, Kurtis L., additional, Di Lalla, Niccolo’, additional, Persio, Giuseppe Di, additional, Dolan, David, additional, Donnarumma, Immacolata, additional, Evangelista, Yuri, additional, Ferrant, Kevin, additional, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, additional, Ferrie, MacKenzie, additional, Footdale, Joseph, additional, Forsyth, Brent, additional, Foster, Michelle, additional, Garelick, Benjamin, additional, Gunji, Shuichi, additional, Gurnee, Eli, additional, Head, Michael, additional, Hibbard, Grant, additional, Johnson, Samantha, additional, Kelly, Erik, additional, Kilaru, Kiranmayee, additional, Lefevre, Carlo, additional, Roy, Shelley Le, additional, Loffredo, Pasqualino, additional, Lorenzi, Paolo, additional, Lucchesi, Leonardo, additional, Maddox, Tyler, additional, Magazzu, Guido, additional, Maldera, Simone, additional, Manfreda, Alberto, additional, Mangraviti, Elio, additional, Marengo, Marco, additional, Marrocchesi, Alessandra, additional, Massaro, Francesco, additional, Mauger, David, additional, McCracken, Jeffrey, additional, McEachen, Michael, additional, Mize, Rondal, additional, Mereu, Paolo, additional, Mitchell, Scott, additional, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, additional, Morbidini, Alfredo, additional, Mosti, Federico, additional, Nasimi, Hikmat, additional, Negri, Barbara, additional, Negro, Michela, additional, Nguyen, Toan, additional, Nitschke, Isaac, additional, Nuti, Alessio, additional, Onizuka, Mitch, additional, Oppedisano, Chiara, additional, Orsini, Leonardo, additional, Osborne, Darren, additional, Pacheco, Richard, additional, Paggi, Alessandro, additional, Painter, Will, additional, Pavelitz, Steven D., additional, Pentz, Christina, additional, Piazzolla, Raffaele, additional, Perri, Matteo, additional, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, additional, Peterson, Colin, additional, Pilia, Maura, additional, Profeti, Alessandro, additional, Puccetti, Simonetta, additional, Ranganathan, Jaganathan, additional, Ratheesh, Ajay, additional, Reedy, Lee, additional, Root, Noah, additional, Rubini, Alda, additional, Ruswick, Stephanie, additional, Sanchez, Javier, additional, Sarra, Paolo, additional, Santoli, Francesco, additional, Scalise, Emanuele, additional, Sciortino, Andrea, additional, Schroeder, Christopher, additional, Seek, Tim, additional, Sosdian, Kalie, additional, Spandre, Gloria, additional, Speegle, Chet O., additional, Tamagawa, Toru, additional, Tardiola, Marcello, additional, Tobia, Antonino, additional, Thomas, Nicholas E., additional, Valerie, Robert, additional, Vimercati, Marco, additional, Walden, Amy L., additional, Weddendorf, Bruce, additional, Wedmore, Jeffrey, additional, Welch, David, additional, Zanetti, Davide, additional, and Zanetti, Francesco, additional

Published
2022
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127. Spectral and polarization properties of black hole accretion disc emission: including absorption effects

Author

Marra, Lorenzo, Taverna, Roberto, Bianchi, Stefano, Bursa, Michal, Karas, Vladimir, Dovčiak, Michal, Goosmann, René, Marin, Frederic, Matt, Giorgio, Mikusincova, Romana, and Zhang, Wenda

Subjects
X-rays: binaries, polarization, abundances, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, accretion discs, stars: black holes
Abstract

The study of radiation emitted from black hole accretion discs represents a crucial way to understand the main physical properties of these sources, and in particular the black hole spin. Beside spectral analysis, polarimetry is becoming more and more important, motivated by the development of new techniques which will soon allow to perform measurements also in the X- and γ-rays. Photons emitted from black hole accretion discs in the soft state are indeed expected to be polarized, with an energy dependence which can provide an estimate of the black hole spin. Calculations performed so far, however, considered scattering as the only process to determine the polarization state of the emitted radiation, implicitly assuming that the temperatures involved are such that material in the disc is entirely ionized. In this work we generalize the problem by calculating the ionization structure of a surface layer of the disc with the public code CLOUDY, and then by determining the polarization properties of the emerging radiation using the Monte Carlo code STOKES. This allows us to account for absorption effects alongside scattering ones. We show that including absorption can deeply modify the polarization properties of the emerging radiation with respect to what is obtained in the pure-scattering limit. As a general rule, we find that the polarization degree is larger when absorption is more important, which occurs e.g. for low accretion rates and/or spins when the ionization of the matter in the innermost accretion disc regions is far from complete., {"references":["Chandrasekhar S., 1960, Radiative transfer, Dover, New York","Compère G., Oliveri R., 2017, MNRAS, 468, 4351","Ferland G. J. et al., 2017, The 2017 Release Cloudy. Revista Mexicana de Astronomia y Astrofisica, 53, 385","Goosmann R. W., Gaskell C. M., 2007, A&A, 465, 129","Marin F., 2018, A&A, 615, 171","Novikov I. D. , Thorne K. S. , 1973, in Black Holes (Les Astres Occlus), C. Dewitt, and B. S. Dewitt, 343","Shakura N. I., Sunyaev R. A., 1973, A&A, 24, 337","Taverna R., Zhang W., Dovcˇiak M., Bianchi S., Bursa M., Karas V., 2020, MNRAS, 493, 4960","Taverna R., Marra L., Bianchi S., Dovcˇiak M., Goosmann R., Marin F., Matt G., Zhang W., 2021, MNRAS, 501, 3393","Weisskopf, M. C., Ramsey, B., O'Dell, S., et al. 2016, in Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE) Conference Series, Vol. 9905, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2016: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray, ed. J.-W. A. den Herder, T. Takahashi, & M. Bautz, 990517"]}

Published
2021
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130. Climate variation during the Holocene influenced the skeletal properties of Chamelea gallina shells in the North Adriatic Sea (Italy)

Author

Cheli, Alessandro, primary, Mancuso, Arianna, additional, Azzarone, Michele, additional, Fermani, Simona, additional, Kaandorp, Jaap, additional, Marin, Frederic, additional, Montroni, Devis, additional, Polishchuk, Iryna, additional, Prada, Fiorella, additional, Stagioni, Marco, additional, Valdré, Giovanni, additional, Pokroy, Boaz, additional, Falini, Giuseppe, additional, Goffredo, Stefano, additional, and Scarponi, Daniele, additional

Published
2021
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131. ESA Voyage 2050 white paper: A Polarized View of the Hot and Violent Universe

Author

Soffitta, Paolo, Bucciantini, Niccolò, Churazov, Eugene, Costa, Enrico, Dovciak, Michal, Feng, Hua, Heyl, Jeremy, Ingram, Adam, Jahoda, Keith, Kaaret, Philip, Kallman, Timothy, Karas, Vladimir, Khabibullin, Ildar, Krawczynski, Henric, Malzac, Julien, Marin, Frederic, Marshall, Herman, Matt, Giorgio, Muleri, Fabio, Mundell, Carole, Pearce, Mark, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Poutanen, Juri, Romani, Roger, Santangelo, Andrea, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Taverna, Roberto, Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Zane, Silvia, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg (ObAS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

Since the birth of X-ray Astronomy, spectacular advances have been seen in the imaging, spectroscopic and timing studies of the hot and violent X-ray Universe, and further leaps forward are expected in the future. On the other hand, polarimetry is very much lagging behind: after the measurements of the Crab Nebula and Scorpius X-1, obtained by OSO-8 in the 70s, no more observations have been performed in the classical X-ray band, even if some interesting results have been obtained in hard X-rays and in soft gamma-rays. The NASA/ASI mission IXPE, scheduled for the launch in 2021, is going to provide for the first time imaging X-ray polarimetry in the 2-8 keV band thanks to its photoelectric polarimeter, coupled with ~25'' angular resolution X-ray mirrors. Its orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity with respect to the OSO-8 Bragg polarimeter implies scientifically meaningful polarimetric measurements for at least the brightest specimens of most classes of X-ray sources. In 2027, the Chinese-led mission eXTP should also be launched. In addition to timing and spectroscopic instruments, eXTP will have on board photoelectric polarimeters very similar to those of IXPE, but with a total effective area 2-3 times larger. Building on IXPE results, eXTP will increase the number of sources for which significant polarimetric measurements could be obtained. However, further progresses, such as exploring a broader energy range, considering a larger effective area, improving the angular resolution, and performing wide-field polarization measurements, are needed to reach a mature phase for X-ray polarimetry. In the first part of this White Paper we will discuss a few scientific cases in which a next generation X-ray Polarimetry mission can provide significant advances. In the second part, a possible concept for a medium-class Next Generation X-ray Polarimetry (NGXP) mission will be sketched., White Paper submitted in response to the ESA Voyage 2050 call, 20 pages + title page + references + list of team members, 10 figures

Published
2020

132. ESA Voyage 2050 white paper:A Polarized View of the Hot and Violent Universe

Author

Soffitta, Paolo, Bucciantini, Niccolò, Churazov, Eugene, Costa, Enrico, Dovciak, Michal, Feng, Hua, Heyl, Jeremy, Ingram, Adam, Jahoda, Keith, Kaaret, Philip, Kallman, Timothy, Karas, Vladimir, Khabibullin, Ildar, Krawczynski, Henric, Malzac, Julien, Marin, Frederic, Marshall, Herman, Matt, Giorgio, Muleri, Fabio, Mundell, Carole, Pearce, Mark, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Poutanen, Juri, Romani, Roger, Santangelo, Andrea, Tagliaferri, Gianpiero, Taverna, Roberto, Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, and Zane, Silvia

Subjects
astro-ph.HE, astro-ph.IM
Abstract

Since the birth of X-ray Astronomy, spectacular advances have been seen in the imaging, spectroscopic and timing studies of the hot and violent X-ray Universe, and further leaps forward are expected in the future. On the other hand, polarimetry is very much lagging behind: after the measurements of the Crab Nebula and Scorpius X-1, obtained by OSO-8 in the 70s, no more observations have been performed in the classical X-ray band, even if some interesting results have been obtained in hard X-rays and in soft gamma-rays. The NASA/ASI mission IXPE, scheduled for the launch in 2021, is going to provide for the first time imaging X-ray polarimetry in the 2-8 keV band thanks to its photoelectric polarimeter, coupled with ~25'' angular resolution X-ray mirrors. Its orders of magnitude improvement in sensitivity with respect to the OSO-8 Bragg polarimeter implies scientifically meaningful polarimetric measurements for at least the brightest specimens of most classes of X-ray sources. In 2027, the Chinese-led mission eXTP should also be launched. In addition to timing and spectroscopic instruments, eXTP will have on board photoelectric polarimeters very similar to those of IXPE, but with a total effective area 2-3 times larger. Building on IXPE results, eXTP will increase the number of sources for which significant polarimetric measurements could be obtained. However, further progresses, such as exploring a broader energy range, considering a larger effective area, improving the angular resolution, and performing wide-field polarization measurements, are needed to reach a mature phase for X-ray polarimetry. In the first part of this White Paper we will discuss a few scientific cases in which a next generation X-ray Polarimetry mission can provide significant advances. In the second part, a possible concept for a medium-class Next Generation X-ray Polarimetry (NGXP) mission will be sketched.

Published
2019

134. Establishment of a knee-joint coordinate system from helical axes analysis--a kinematic approach without anatomical referencing

Author

Mannel, Henrich, Marin, Frederic, Claes, Lutz, and Durselen, Lutz

Subjects
Knee -- Research, Kinematics, Biomechanics, Biological sciences, Business, Computers, Health care industry
Abstract

This study establishes a functional knee-joint coordinate system (FCS) derived from active motion. The scale invariant properties of helical axes were used in order to avoid inter-observer errors associated with the traditional anatomical referencing techniques. The algorithm was tested with six cadaveric specimens in a knee-joint motion and loading apparatus. To determine the FCS sensitivity to variable loading, rotational moments were applied to the tibia while extending and flexing the knee. Each derived FCS was compared with the clinically derived anatomical coordinate system (ACS). The FCS was reproducible when the loading condition was the same. Changing the rotational moments from internal to external affected the orientations and the positions of the FCS. The largest displacement of 20.8 mm in average occurred in the medio/lateral direction. The FCS corresponded with the ACS for all specimens and loading conditions. The origin was always located within the femur along the transepicondylar line. The orientations differed less than 16.6[degrees] in average, thus allowing the use of clinical terminology. These findings suggest that the FCS might improve the ability to clinically assess kinematic alterations provided that the reference motion is reproducible. Index Terms--Anatomical referencing, biomechanics, helical axes, kinematics, motion measurement.

Published
2004

136. Heat fluxes across 7 degrees 30'N and 4 degrees 30'S in the Atlantic Ocean

Author

Marin, Frederic and Gouriou, Yves

Subjects
Atlantic Ocean -- Environmental aspects, Ocean temperature -- Research, Thermoclines (Oceanography) -- Research, Earth sciences
Abstract

Data is presented on the nature and causes of heat fluxes in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Variables include windstress, ageostrophic transport, deviations in the depth-averaged potential temperature, and western boundary current.

Published
2000

140. Observations and Mechanisms for the Formation of Deep Equatorial and Tropical Circulation

Author

Menesguen, Claire, Delpech, Audrey, Marin, Frederic, Cravatte, Sophie, Schopp, Richard, Morel, Yves, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Océan du Large et Variabilité Climatique (OLVAC), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], deep equatorial circulation, zonal jets, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, deep tropical circulation
Abstract

International audience; The Intermediate and Deep Equatorial and Tropical Circulations (DEC and DTC) consist of a complex system of zonal jets. This paper attempts at unifying existing observations and theories to present our current understanding of this jets system. Recent in situ observations suggesting a continuity between DEC and DTC are confronted against the various generation mechanisms that have been proposed in the literature. The key notion to differentiate these previous studies lies in the so‐called “cascade of mechanisms,” that is, the energy pathway and equilibration processes chain that lead to the jets from their initial energy source. Many studies see the deep equatorial intraseasonal variability as the initial energy source, highlighting its key role in energizing the DEC and DTC. However, critical gaps remain in this cascade of mechanisms and limit substantially our ability to represent the jets in Ocean Global Circulation Models. This paper aims at identifying such gaps and propose future research directions.

Published
2019

146. Biomineralization in the embryos of sea slug Aplysia californica cooper, 1863

Author

Jaklin, Andrej, Skoko, Željko, Popović, Stanko, Rončević, Sanda, Nemet, Ivan, Marin, Frederic, Medaković, Davorin, Pevec, Andrej, and Počkaj, Marta

Subjects
Aplysia californica, embryos, initial biomineralization, methods
Abstract

Initial biomineralization in the early embryos of the sea slug Aplysia californica Cooper, 1863, was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ICP AES elemental analysis. XRD results showed that the first aragonite crystals were formed in the five days old embryos. The crystallite size of aragonite and its fraction in the total body mass increased during further developmental stages – until the first coil of the veliger shell was formed. The elemental ICP AES analysis confirmed XRD results, providing a more detailed explanation of different elements that influenced the first biomineral formation. By combining results obtained by the above mentioned instrumental methods with results of some physiological processes during the embryo development (e.g. enzymatic activity of carbonic anhydrase, proteomics), we are able to describe the most important mechanisms and processes of biomineralization in this “model organism”. Furthermore, these results can help in a better understanding and explanation of some, up to now, unanswered questions related to general ecological, environmental and also evolutionary aspects of biomineralization not only in Aplysia species but generally in all molluscs.

Published
2017

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