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Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is an asexual reproductive technique where cloned offspring contain the same genetic material as the original donor. Although this technique preserves the sex of the original animal, the birth of sex-reversed offspring has been reported in some species. Here, we report for the first time the birth of a female foal generated by SCNT of a male nuclear donor. After a single SCNT procedure, 16 blastocysts were obtained and transferred to eight recipient mares, resulting in the birth of two clones: one male and one female. Both animals had identical genetic profiles, as observed in the analysis of 15-horse microsatellite marker panel, which confirmed they are indeed clones of the same animal. Cytogenetic analysis and fluorescent in situ hybridization using X and Y specific probes revealed a 63,X chromosome set in the female offspring, suggesting a spontaneous Y chromosome loss. The identity of the lost chromosome in the female was further confirmed through PCR by observing the presence of X-linked markers and absence of Y-linked markers. Moreover, cytogenetic and molecular profiles were analyzed in blood and skin samples to detect a possible mosaicism in the female, but results showed identical chromosomal constitutions. Although the cause of the spontaneous chromosome loss remains unknown, the possibility of equine sex reversal by SCNT holds great potential for the preservation of endangered species, development of novel breeding techniques, and sportive purposes.

Descubrimos un estudio morfológico de las células en tumores mixoides o con áreas mixoides: fibrosarcoma mixoide, mixoma, liposarcoma moxoide, rabdomiosarcoma embrionario, condroma y condrosarcoma, leiomiosarcoma mixoide, Schwannoma y odontoameloblastoma; y se los compara con los fibroblastos del tejido conectivo reticular del cordón umbilical, del mesénquima embrionario, y del tejido conectivo laxo en procesos inflamatorios. Los métodos utilizados son: H-E-PAS, tricrómicro de Masson y la técnica panóptica de Del Río Hortega. Los resultados con la técnica panóptica revelan fibroblastos bipolares con largas prolongaciones. En el mixoma y fibrosarcoma mixoide son estrellados con múltiples prolongaciones y con secreción mucinosa citoplasmática contenida en ampollas o bochas que se deslizan por las prolongaciones hasta resolverse en sus extremos o volcarse al espacio intercelular. En el lipoblastoma mixoide e lipoblasto es también estrellado con múltiples prolongaciones y gotas de lipidos. Los rabdomioblastos son raquetoides con estriaciones transversales; los condroblastos poseen ambos citoplasmas con procesos cortos.

This work shows a new method for the preparation of 100% carbon-structured devices. The method is based on resorcinol-formaldehyde polymerization, using starch as a binder with the addition of a certain amount of external carbon source before polymerization. Molds obtained by 3D printing are used to shape the structured devices in the desired shape, and the ultimate pyrolysis step consolidates and produces the carbonaceous devices. The proposed method allows obtaining supports with different textural and surface properties varying the carbonaceous source, the solvent, or the pyrolysis conditions, among other factors. The as-obtained devices have demonstrated their usefulness as palladium supports for the gas-phase formic acid dehydrogenation reaction. The monolith shows a high conversion of formic acid (81% according to H2 production) and a high selectivity towards hydrogen production at mild temperatures (80% at 423 K).

El presente texto pretende dar a conocer las características de la población de León en 1895, reconocer la estructura ocupacional en el espacio urbano y destacar algunos rasgos de la dinámica social de la ciudad. Si bien no es un análisis demográfico ni urbano, a través de registros censales, parroquiales y civiles, nos acercamos a una muestra representativa de la población de la ciudad de León en esta época, para identificar algunos rasgos de la vida cotidiana de la sociedad, misma que transcurría en una ciudad tradicional pero preindustrial y con atisbos de modernidad. Enfatizamos, principalmente, en aquellos rasgos como sexo y estado civil, ocupaciones que predominaron en la urbe, y ubicación de los censados de acuerdo con su oficio.

The sustainable development of agro-industry requires the efficient use of all raw matters, which implies physicochemical and functional studies of by-products for finding their potential usage in industrial processes. The objective of the present study was to assess some physicochemical and functional properties of fIour obtained from the bean pod. Two types of drying methods were tested: convection and vacuum. The fIours tended to yellow color according to b* parameter values (convection drying: 17.54; vacuum drying: 18.35), with a slight red hue. They also showed high water-holding (convection drying: 8.30 g g-1; vacuum drying: 7.56 g g-1) and oil holding capacity (convection drying: 2.53 g g-1; vacuum drying: 2.56 g g-1), polyphenols content (convection drying: 26.62 mg GAE g-1 DW; vacuum drying: 3.77 mg GAE g-1 DW) and antioxidant capacity (convection drying: 33.42 µmol Trolox g-1; vacuum drying: 5.27 µmol Trolox g-1). The results were similar for the two types of drying methods, except for the antioxidant capacity. Since convection drying is more economical and available than vacuum drying, only the fIour obtained by convection method was analyzed on compositional and structural characteristics. This fIour showed to be a good source of dietary fiber (66.93%), being the insoluble fiber the predominant fraction (59.97%). Moreover, a high content of ash (6.65%) and low lipid content (0.58%) were also found. The IR spectrum showed signs corroborating the presence of dietary fiber, which also was evidenced morphologically. Overall, the results obtained indicated that the bean pod fIour obtained by convection drying has potential use as a raw material for the food industry.

Formic acid has recently been revealed to be an excellent hydrogen carrier, and interest in the development of efficient and selective catalysts towards its dehydrogenation has grown. This reaction has been widely explored using homogeneous catalysts; however, from a practical and scalable point of view, heterogeneous catalysts are usually preferred in industry. In this work, formic acid dehydrogenation reactions in both liquid- and vapor-phase conditions have been investigated using heterogeneous catalysts based on mono- or bimetallic Pd/Ru. In all of the explored conditions, the catalysts showed good catalytic activity and selectivity towards the dehydrogenation reaction, avoiding the formation of undesired CO.

En este artículo se da cuenta de una indagación sobre la enseñanza de la lengua materna en el nivel de Educación Básica en Chile desde la perspectiva del uso social del lenguaje, en los ejes de escritura, lectura y comunicación oral. El estudio considera un enfoque metodológico cualitativo y se centra tanto en el análisis de las Bases curriculares de Lenguaje y Comunicación (2012) promulgadas por el MINEDUC, como en la revisión de la propuesta educativa que este ministerio ha desarrollado para los escolares de primer ciclo, a partir del plan Leo Primero (2019). Como resultados preliminares identifica las principales directrices que modelan la enseñanza de la lengua materna, asociadas al uso cotidiano del lenguaje, implementados de primero a cuarto año básico. En este sentido, se entiende que los escolares ingresan al sistema escolar primario haciendo uso de la lengua para una comunicación frecuente familiar, la escuela por su parte, dirige el conocimiento gráfico de la lectoescritura aportando el reconocimiento de diversas formas de comunicación de la lengua escrita, al mismo tiempo que posibilita el manejo funcional del lenguaje oral tanto en instancias cotidianas como formales

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with other autoimmune diseases frequently. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes (APS) comprise several entities characterized by the functional disorder of different endocrine glands caused by loss of immune tolerance. They can include non-endocrine conditions such as alopecia, celiac disease and autoimmune gastritis. These syndromes include APS type II, III, and IV. All are characterized by insidious presentation, circulating autoantibodies, and lymphocytic infiltration. The frequency and patterns of autoimmunity are highly variable and the risk of developing the diseases depends on genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Type II is characterized by presenting two of the following T1D, autoimmune thyroiditis and Addison's disease. Type III is defined by the presence of autoimmune thyroid disease and T1D without adrenal disease, and type IV is a diagnosis of exclusion with association of two or more autoimmune endocrine syndromes that do not constitute APS II or III1. Female sex and age are risk factors for the association of T1D with other autoimmune diseases2.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a disease caused mainly by the Mycobacterium bovis and that is endemic to livestock populations in most Latin American countries. Traditionally, bTB control programs are costly and targeted to cattle, largely disregarding other species such as swine and wildlife. According to official services, in Argentina disease prevalence in pigs is comparable to that observed in cattle, suggesting the need for efficient control programs to manage the disease in both species. Additionally, extensive farming systems, which are commonly practiced in Argentina, allow the interaction between livestock and wildlife such as wild boar (Sus scrofa), which is considered a natural host of the disease. Here, we evaluated the bTB pigs- cattle interface, studying the dynamics of M. bovis isolates in the pig population and identifying farm-level epidemiological variables associated with the disease confirmation at slaughterhouses. Additionally, to assess the potential multi-host systems in the transmission of bTB, the molecular characterization of wild boar mycobacterial strains was included in the study, as this interaction has not been previously evaluated in this region. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the association between farm-level epidemiological variables (location, farm size, and co-existence with cattle and goats) and bTB confirmation in pig tuberculosis-like lesions samples. Results showed that when cattle were present, the odds of bTB in pigs decreased 0.3 or 0.6% for every additional sow when cattle were present or absent in the farm, respectively. Pigs shared 60% (18/30) of the genotypes with cattle and wild boar, suggesting transmission at the interface between pigs and cattle and highlighting the potential role of wild boar in bTB maintenance. These results provide novel information about the molecular diversity of M. bovis strains in pigs in Argentina and proposes the potential relevance of a multi-host system in the epidemiology of bTB in the region. The statistical models presented here may be used in the design of a low cost, abattoir-based surveillance program for bTB in the pig industry in Argentina, with potential extension to other settings with similar epidemiological conditions.

Durante el siglo XIX, las diferentes constituciones y medidas legales fijaron los derechos y las obligaciones de los extranjeros que querían asentarse en México. No obstante, la palabra “extranjero” fue cambiando con los años. Este trabajo expone la condición que el inmigrante adquirió legalmente desde 1824 hasta 1917, lo que constituye una síntesis de varios temas que la historiografía ha analizado de manera separada. Para evaluar el impacto de la adaptación e integración de los extranjeros en la tierra receptora, se estudia la naturalización, que permitía la incorporación a la comunidad ciudadana mexicana de los individuos pertenecientes a otros países. Aunque se conoce en términos generales la evolución de ese mecanismo en México durante la centuria decimonónica, no ocurre lo mismo con las diferentes regiones, por lo que se toma el caso veracruzano, que fue un espacio de asentamiento y oportunidades económicas para migrantes y colonos de otras latitudes.

Introducción: la duración ideal de la asistencia ventilatoria mecánica (AVM) genera debate e incertidumbre. El intento de desvinculación prematuro condiciona fracaso y aumento de mortalidad, mientras que la desvinculación tardía aumenta el riesgo del paciente. La utilización de pruebas de ventilación espontánea (PVE) son seguras e identifican aceptablemente a los pacientes listos para desvinculación. Sin embargo, la adherencia a pautas protocolizadas es muy variable y falla la implementación de evidencia científica a nivel clínico. Objetivo: analizar la interacción entre pautas de desvinculación de AVM y evaluación médica para la toma de decisiones. Material y método: trabajo descriptivo, prospectivo, con entrevista a médicos en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) sobre su valoración de la condición del paciente para realizar una PVE. Se comparó la opinión del médico con la evaluación hecha según protocolo de la UCI. Se analizaron coincidencias y discrepancias entre opinión de médicos y protocolo. Resultados: ingresaron 27 pacientes y 46 médicos. Las coincidencias representaron el 85,4% de las opiniones aunque existieron elementos de “confusión” en la decisión médica, tanto en coincidencias como en discrepancias. El más frecuente fue el estado de conciencia del paciente. Discusión y conclusiones: la valoración de la conciencia es fundamental para la asistencia diaria, pero no para la PVE. Su inclusión se vio involucrada en casi un tercio de las respuestas obtenidas, difiriendo la realización de la PVE. Este aspecto debe ser tenido en cuenta tanto para instancias docentes como asistenciales al momento de optimizar los tiempos para PVE y desvinculación de la AVM.

La relación entre distribución de equipamientos y servicios en sus diferentes ni-veles de accesibilidad según modos de transporte, muestra una serie de patrones espaciales de movilidad en la ciudad de Los Ángeles (Chile). El estudio analiza la accesibilidad a equipamientos colectivos en modos de transporte, mediante una serie indicadores cuantitativos, utilizando análisis de redes. Se emplean datos de viajes en modos de transporte privado, público y caminata, de la encuesta Origen-Destino (2004). Los resultados evidencian diferencias en la accesibilidad entre el centro y periferia de Los Ángeles. De hecho, la población del centro tiene alta acce-sibilidad, concentrando las mayores y mejores oportunidades. En contraste, la po-blación periférica en crecimiento que, en su mayoría, viaja largas distancias para acceder, especialmente en caminata. Este análisis contribuye a discutir sobre las implicancias de las oportunidades y el papel del transporte en la movilidad de ciu-dades medias de Latinoamérica con un centro preponderante.

Scours is the most common disease in dairy calves, and it is a multifactorial syndrome complex. Cryptosporidium sp. (C. sp.), rotavirus group A (RVA), and bovine coronavirus (BCoV) are the three main pathogens associated with scours. The objective of this study was to identify potential factors associated with scours, C. sp., RVA, and BCoV infections in preweaned dairy calves from Lerma Valley in Salta Province, Argentina. A total of 488 preweaned calves from 19 dairy farms located in the Lerma Valley were enrolled in this observational study. One fecal sample was collected from each calf between one week and two months of age for assessment of C. sp., RVA, and BCoV infection status. Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts and RVA and BCoV antigens in fecal samples were assessed using microscopic observation and indirect enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (iELISA), respectively. A voluntary questionnaire was developed and used to collect data regarding management practices from the participants’ farms. The data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression models. Scours incidence was 35.4%, and a greater proportion of calves younger than 20 days were affected. Of the fecal samples, 18% and 9.5% tested were positives for C. sp. and RVA, respectively, while BCoV was detected only in two calves. Furthermore, 84.2% and 63.1% of the farms tested positive for Cryptosporidium sp. and RVA, respectively. In addition, the following variables were associated with higher odds of having scours: (1) herd size (>300 milking cows; OR = 1.7), (2) calf age (300 milking cows; OR = 1.2) and young calf age (

Infection with the Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) causes a disease referred to as bovine tuberculosis (bTB), which affects a wide range of mammal hosts. Many countries have implemented control and eradication plans that have resulted in variable levels of efficacy and success. Although bTB is a notifiable disease in Argentina, and a control plan that targets cattle herds has been in place for decades, M. bovis is still prevalent in cattle, swine, and certain wild species. The aim of the paper here was to assess the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of PCR from tissue, which is a test for rapid M. bovis detection in swine. Bacteriological culture was also performed for comparison purposes. A Bayesian approach was applied to estimate the accuracy of the diagnostic tests, PCR and bacteriological culture, in 266 swine samples with bTB-like lesions recovered during routine official inspections at slaughterhouses. A one-population model, assuming conditional dependence between test results, and incorporating prior information on the performance of the tests obtained from the literature, was used to estimate the tests Se and Sp. The accuracy of the combined (in parallel) application of both tests was also estimated. The Se of the PCR (82.9%) was higher than the Se of the bacteriological culture (79.9%), whereas the Sp of both tests was similar (88.5 and 89.0%, respectively). Furthermore, when both techniques were assessed in parallel, the Se of the diagnostic system increased substantially (Se = 96.6%) with a moderate Sp loss (Sp = 78.8%; PPV = 92.8%; NPV = 89%). Results suggest that the PCR, or the combined application of bacteriological culture and PCR, may serve as an accurate diagnostic tool to confirm bTB in swine samples. Results here will help the design and implementation of effective surveillance strategies for the disease in swine of Argentina and other settings in which the disease is prevalent.

Introduction: Hyperglycemia in hospitalization (glycemia ≥140 mg/dl) is a frequent event during the perioperative period for cardiovascular surgery (CVS), happening in an 80% of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and between 12 to 30% in patients without previous DM (inpatient stress hyperglycemia [HGE]), associated with a higher mortality rate. Objective: To describe the frequency of post operatory (PO) complications and their relation to the degree of glycaemic control in patients, adults older than 40 years old, who had undergone myocardial revascularization surgery (MRS), and who followed a standard protocol of glycaemia control during their hospital stay. Materials and Methods: Observational prospective cohort study. It included 80 patients of middle age 71.08 ± 5.66 years, who had undergone MRS between June 2019 and March 2020. On the other hand, it excluded- patients who presented ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar syndrome. The glycaemia was controlled with capillary monitoring. 42.5% was classified as known DM, 7.5% as unknown DM (both considered DM) and 50% as HGE. Additionally, they were divided according to the degree of glycaemic control in the post operatory first 24 hours. 1) optimum: patients with an average glycemia of ≤180 mg/dl and with no hypoglycemia (glycemia ≤70 mg/dl); 2) non – optimum: patients with an average glycemia of >180 mg/dl. Severity and types of post-operative complications were both assessed. A logistic regression model was built among the variables: age, type of hyperglycaemia, surgery duration, glycaemic control, punctuations in the Cardiac Anesthesia Risk Evaluation Score (CARE), EuroSCOREII, Charlson comorbidities, and the presence or absence of PO complications. In order to be included in the multivariate model, variables with p

Introduction: Diabetes is an entity that significatively increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. According to data from the 4th National Survey of Risk Factors (4ta Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo - ENFR), high glycemia prevalence or diabetes went from 9.8% in 2013 to 12.7% in 2018, with obesity as one of the main associated risk factors, whose prevalence increased more than 70% in the last 15 years. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), it is foreseen that at least 578 million people will have diabetes by 2030. Objectives: To describe the data found through a survey about cardiovascular risk factors detection and carbohydrate metabolism alterations, as a part of the international diabetes day on the 14th of November 2019. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study from data collected during the campaign held on November 14th of 2019 in an institution of Buenos Aires, which was interdisciplinary and was held with medical staff of the diabetes service, infirmary staff, and the nutrition service students. This campaign consisted on inviting outpatient subjects who were nearby the medical center to participate. Therefore, after giving their verbal consent they were asked to do the following: 1) complete a survey about habits, diabetes history, arterial hypertension (AHT), cardiovascular disease (CVD), renal disease (RD); 2) anthropometric measures were taken (weight, height, waist circumference (WC); 3) capillary blood glucose was read with a refractometer. In order to do this report, the subjects who went through the procedures listed in 1) and 2) were considered. The categorical variables are described as percentages, whereas the quantitative ones are read as median /interquartile range, according to data distribution.

Background: During routine clinical visit to diabetologists, the availability of nonmydriatic retinography (this means without dilation of the patient´s pupil) could improve the rates of screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR). This method of screening, in addition to avoiding all the inconveniences associated with pupil dilation, allows the immediate analysis of the digital images and/or their sending for retinal specialist by telemedicine, resulting cost effective. Aims: To determine the frequency of DR with a non-mydriatic retinography coupled to asynchronous telemedicine and analyze risk factors associated with DR. Materials and methods: Cross sectional study, which included patients with diabetes who were ≥18 years old and assisted to routine clinical visit at medical center in Buenos Aires from August to December 2019. We excluded patients with type 1 or post transplantation diabetes less than 5 years from the onset of diabetes, or with ocular media opacities that hindered taking retinal photographs. The Ethics Review Committee approved this trial. All the participants singed the consent inform. All eyes fundus photographs were taken by diabetologists during medical appointment using a nonmydriatic 60-degree camera (Eidon®) and sent to single retinal specialist In patients with and without DR, we analyzed: glycated hemoglobin levels, the duration of diabetes, body mass index (BMI), hypertension and dyslipidemia frequencies. According data distribution, categorical and numeric variables are described in absolute frequency/percentage and median/RIQ, respectively. We conducted comparisons based on Fisher exact test and nonparametric tests.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complication of solid organ transplantation and generally treated with insulin, recently new therapies have been implemented with good results. Objetive: We describe and evaluate pharmacological diabetes therapy in patients undergoing solid organ transplantation, as well as its impact on glucometabolic control. Method: This is an observational, retrospective study. We include solid organ transplantation patients with a post-transplant DM or pre-transplant DM diagnosis, who attended to a medical consultation between 7/2015 and 8/2019. Patients with less than 2 medical consultation in a period of 2 years were excluded. HbA1c levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the CKD-EPI equation were evaluated. The rate of change of immunosuppressive therapy and pharmacological diabetes therapy at 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of follow-up was described. Statistical method: qualitative variables are described in absolute frequency / percentage and the quantitative variables in median / range according to their distribution. Nonparametric tests and Fisher's test were used to analyze differences.

Los niños que al nacer presentan peso bajo, pueden desarrollar graves problemas de salud, así mismo, el riesgo de sufrir problemas e incapacidades en su desarrollo psicomotor a largo plazo es mayor. En la revisión en bases de datos científicas, se identifica como un problema de salud a escala mundial, puesto que estos recién nacidos pueden tener serias limitaciones en su supervivencia y posteriormente en su calidad de vida; por ende, se debe evaluar minuciosamente su desarrollo psicomotor, de manera que se asegure la detección temprana de factores de riesgo susceptibles a intervenciones de cuidado.

Precious metal catalysis is often synonymous with diversity and versatility [...]

Azotobacter vinelandii is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium of the Pseudomonadaceae family that prefers the use of organic acids rather than carbohydrates. Thus, in a mixture of acetate-glucose, glucose is consumed only after acetate is exhausted. In a previous work, we investigated the molecular basis of this carbon catabolite repression (CCR) process under diazotrophic conditions. In the presence of acetate, Crc-Hfq inhibited translation of the gluP mRNA, encoding the glucose transporter in A. vinelandii. Herein, we investigated the regulation in the expression of the small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) crcZ and crcY, which are known to antagonize the repressing activity of Hfq-Crc. Our results indicated higher expression levels of the sRNAs crcZ and crcY under low CCR conditions (i.e. glucose), in relation to the strong one (acetate one). In addition, we also explored the process of CCR in the presence of ammonium. Our results revealed that CCR also occurs under non-diazotrophic conditions as we detected a hierarchy in the utilization of the supplied carbon sources, which was consistent with the higher expression level of the crcZ/Y sRNAs during glucose catabolism. Analysis of the promoters driving transcription of crcZ and crcY confirmed that they were RpoN-dependent but we also detected a processed form of CrcZ (CrcZ*) in the RpoN-deficient strain derived from a cbrB-crcZ co-transcript. CrcZ* was functional and sufficient to allow the assimilation of acetate.

Accessibility models in transport geography based on geographic information systems have proven to be an effective method in determining spatial inequalities associated with public health. This work aims to model the spatial accessibility from populated areas within the Concepción metropolitan area (CMA), the second largest city in Chile. The city’s public hospital network is taken into consideration with special reference to socio-regional inequalities. The use of geographically weighted regression (GWR) and ordinary least squares (OLS) for modelling accessibility with socioeconomic and transport variables is proposed. The explanatory variables investigated are: illiterate population, rural housing, alternative housing, homes with a motorised vehicle, public transport routes, and connectivity. Our results identify that approximately 4.1% of the population have unfavourable or very unfavourable accessibility to public hospitals, which correspond to rural areas located south of CMA. Application of a local GWR model (0.87 R2 adjusted) helped to improve the settings over the use of traditional OLS methods (multiple regression) (0.67 R2 adjusted) and to find the spatial distribution of both coefficients of the explanatory variables, demonstrating the local significance of the model. Thus, accessibility studies have enormous potential to contribute to the development of public health and transport policies in turn to achieve equality in spatial accessibility to specialised health care.

Se realizó un inventario y se calcularon los parámetros de infección de los helmintos gastrointestinales de 36 ejemplares de aves acuáticas pertenecientes a las familias Anatidae, Rallidae y Threskiornithidae, procedentes de la subcuenca alta del río Lerma, Estado de México, identificándose 20 especies: 9 tremátodos, 8 céstodos, 2 nemátodos y 1 acantocéfalo. De las 8 especies de céstodos, 6 son registros nuevos para el país y Pseudocorynosoma constrictum se registra por primera vez en Anas crecca, Anas discors, Oxyura jamaicensis y Fulica americana. Los helmintos que presentaron las prevalencias más altas fueron los céstodos Hymenolepis megalops y Sobolevicanthus krabbeella en Anas acuta, Anas clypeata, Anas cyanoptera y Anas crecca.A survey of helminth parasites in 36 waterfowl species from the upper Lerma River, in central Mexico was conducted. A total of 20 helminth species were recorded, including 9 trematodes, 8 cestodes, 2 nematodes and 1 acanthocephalan. Six of the cestode species are recorded for the fisrt time from Mexican birds; the acanthocephalan Pseudocorynosoma constrictum is reported for the first time in Anas crecca, A. discors, Oxyura jamaicensis and Fulica americana. The highest prevalences were recorded for the cestodes Hymenolepis megalops and Sobolevicanthus krabbeella in Anas acuta, A. clypeata, A. cyanoptera and A. crecca.

El artículo analiza la incidencia de externalidades estáticas y dinámicas sobre el crecimiento del empleo de la industria manufacturera en México y las regiones económicas de Marruecos, en periodos donde ambos países experimentan procesos de liberación económica. Después de realizar los contrastes econométricos que sugiere el modelo de Glaeser, se confirma que durante la etapa de mayor desregulación comercial en ambos países, el crecimiento del empleo sigue dependiendo esencialmente de los bajos costos de la mano de obra.

This essay analyzes one of the most important colonization projects during Porfirio Diaz presidency (1876-1910), and identifies the different stages in the process that led to the migration and settlement of Italian families in Mexico. It examines the adaptation of Italian immigrants who found themselves inserted into an unfamiliar heterogeneous reality. This project is significant because it represents a study that reflects the political economy of the 19th century not only in Mexico but also elsewhere in Latin America.

The environmental problems generated by waste from the mining industry in the mineral extraction for business purposes are known worldwide. The aim of this work is to evaluate the microalga Muriellopsis sp. as a potential remover of metallic ions such as copper (Cu2+), zinc (Zn2+) and iron (Fe2+), pollutants of acid mine drainage (AMD) type waters. For this, the removal of these ions was verified in artificial acid waters with high concentrations of the ions under examination. Furthermore, the removal was evaluated in waters obtained from areas contaminated by mining waste. The results showed that Muriellopsis sp. removed metals in waters with high concentrations after 4–12 h and showed tolerance to pH between 3 and 5. These results allow proposing this species as a potential bioremediator for areas contaminated by mining activity. In this work, some potential alternatives for application in damaged areas are proposed as a decontamination plan and future prevention.

Anacardiaceae es una familia moderadamente grande que incluye unas 600 especies en 74 géneros. La familia tiene un registro fósil amplio que en gran parte consiste de impresiones de láminas foliares y se remonta, por lo menos, al Maastrichtiano (Cretácico superior). En el presente trabajo se realiza la descripción de la arquitectura foliar de 61 géneros de la familia Anacardiaceae. Las hojas (o folíolos) de 102 especies se aclararon y montaron para después observarse tanto en el microscopio estereoscópico como en el óptico.Anacardiaceae is a moderately large family. It includes 74 genera and approximately 600 species. The family has an extensive fossil record that dates back at least to the Maastrichtian (Upper Cretaceous), and that consists to a large extent of leaf impressions. In this work, the description of the leaf architecture of 61 genera of Anacardiaceae is presented. The leaves (or leaflets) of 102 species were cleared, mounted and observed under both dissection and compound microscopes.

Many complications have been reported over tattoos, some of which are tumours, such as dermatofibromas. It is important to establish a differential diagnosis because they can resemble other malignant lesions as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. We report the development of a dermatofibroma in a 21-year-old man with a tattoo painted two years ago.