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996 results on '"Marais, Ben J."'

105. Standardised patient study to assess tuberculosis case detection within the private pharmacy sector in Vietnam

Author

Zawahir, Shukry, primary, Le, Hien, additional, Nguyen, Thu Anh, additional, Beardsley, Justin, additional, Duc, Anh Dang, additional, Bernays, Sarah, additional, Viney, Kerri, additional, Cao Hung, Thai, additional, McKinn, Shannon, additional, Tran, Hoang Huy, additional, Nguyen Tu, Son, additional, Velen, Kavindhran, additional, Luong Minh, Tan, additional, Tran Thi Mai, Hung, additional, Nguyen Viet, Nhung, additional, Nguyen Viet, Ha, additional, Nguyen Thi Cam, Van, additional, Nguyen Trung, Thanh, additional, Jan, Stephen, additional, Marais, Ben J, additional, Negin, Joel, additional, Marks, Guy B, additional, and Fox, Gregory, additional

Published
2021
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114. Surveillance of antituberculosis drug resistance among children from the Western Cape Province of South Africa--an upward trend

Author

Schaaf, H. Simon, Marais, Ben J., Hesseling, Anneke C., Brittle, Wendy, and Donald, Peter R.

Subjects
Tuberculosis -- Demographic aspects, Tuberculosis -- Research, Tuberculosis -- Drug therapy, Tuberculosis -- Distribution, Antitubercular agents -- Dosage and administration, Antitubercular agents -- Research, Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Risk factors, Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Demographic aspects, Drug resistance in microorganisms -- Research, Company distribution practices, Government, Health care industry
Abstract

Objectives. We assessed the prevalence of antituberculosis drug resistance among children with tuberculosis (TB) in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Methods. Drug susceptibility testing for isoniazid and rifampin was prospectively done on all children with culture-confirmed TB at Tygerberg Children's Hospital, Cape Town, from March 2005 through February 2007. Survey results were compared with results from 2 previous surveys. Results. We found 291 children had culture-confirmed TB. Resistance to isoniazid or rifampin increased from 21 of 306 (6.9%) to 41 of 319 (12.9%) and 43 of 285 (15.1%) in the first to third surveys (P = .005) and multidrug resistance from 7 of 306 (2.3%) to 18 of 319 (5.6%) and 19 of 285 (6.7%; P = .033). Although previously treated children had significantly more drug resistance than did new TB cases (19 of 66 [28.8%] vs 24 of 225 [10.7%]; odds ratio = 3.39; 95% confidence interval = 1.62, 7.05), evidence suggests transmission rather than acquisition of resistance. HIV infection was not significantly associated with drug resistance. Conclusions. Results indicate a high and rising prevalence of anti-TB drug resistance among children in the Western Cape, which suggests ongoing transmission of drug-resistant strains within the community. Improved control of TB in adults, including early identification and treatment of drug-resistant cases, is necessary to reduce transmission to children. (doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.143271)

Published
2009

116. Tuberculosis diagnostic accuracy of stool Xpert MTB/RIF and urine AlereLAM in vulnerable children

Author

Orikiriza, Patrick, primary, Smith, Julianna, additional, Ssekyanzi, Bob, additional, Nyehangane, Dan, additional, Mugisha Taremwa, Ivan, additional, Turyashemererwa, Esther, additional, Byamukama, Onesmas, additional, Tusabe, Tobias, additional, Ardizzoni, Elisa, additional, Marais, Ben J, additional, Wobudeya, Eric, additional, Kemigisha, Elizabeth, additional, Mwanga-Amumpaire, Juliet, additional, Nampijja, Dora, additional, and Bonnet, Maryline, additional

Published
2021
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120. Association between passive smoking and infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Children

Author

den Boon, Saskia, Verver, Suzanne, Marais, Ben J., Enarson, Donald A., Lombard, Carl J., Bateman, Eric D., Irusen, Elvis, Jithoo, Anamika, Gie, Robert P., Borgdorff, Martien W., and Beyers, Nulda

Subjects
Passive smoking -- Complications and side effects, Tuberculosis -- Risk factors, Children -- Diseases, Children -- Risk factors
Abstract

OBJECTIVE. Tuberculosis and smoking are both significant public health problems. The association between passive smoking and Mycabacterium tuberculosis infection is not well documented. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of passive smoking on M tuberculosis infection in children. METHODS. A community survey was conducted in 15% of addresses in 2 adjacent low-income suburbs in Cape Town, South Africa. All children ( RESULTS. Of 1344 children, 432 (32%) had a positive tuberculin skin test. Passive smoking was significantly associated with M tuberculosis infection in the unadjusted analyses but not in the adjusted analyses. In the 172 households with a patient with tuberculosis, passive smoking was significantly associated with a positive tuberculin skin test (but not in the 492 households without a patient with tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS. Passive smoking is associated with M tuberculosis infection in children living in a household with a patient with tuberculosis. More studies are needed to confirm this observation, but the possible association is a cause of great concern, considering the high prevalence of smoking and tuberculosis in most developing countries. Key Words children, tuberculosis, infection, smoking, RECENTLY, WE REPORTED that cigarette smoking is associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in adults, (1) a finding confirmed in several other studies. (2-6) Few studies have investigated the association between [...]

Published
2007

121. MDR/XDR-TB management of patients and contacts: Challenges facing the new decade. The 2020 clinical update by the Global Tuberculosis Network

Author

Migliori, Giovanni Battista, Tiberi, Simon, Zumla, Alimuddin, Petersen, Eskild, Chakaya, Jeremiah Muhwa, Wejse, Christian, Muñoz Torrico, Marcela, Duarte, Raquel, Alffenaar, Jan Willem, Schaaf, H. Simon, Marais, Ben J., Cirillo, Daniela Maria, Alagna, Riccardo, Rendón, Adrián, Pontali, Emanuele, Piubello, Alberto, Figueroa, José, Ferlazzo, Gabriella, García Basteiro, Alberto, Centis, Rosella, Visca, Dina, D’Ambrosio, Lia, Sotgiu, Giovanni, Migliori, Giovanni Battista, Tiberi, Simon, Zumla, Alimuddin, Petersen, Eskild, Chakaya, Jeremiah Muhwa, Wejse, Christian, Muñoz Torrico, Marcela, Duarte, Raquel, Alffenaar, Jan Willem, Schaaf, H. Simon, Marais, Ben J., Cirillo, Daniela Maria, Alagna, Riccardo, Rendón, Adrián, Pontali, Emanuele, Piubello, Alberto, Figueroa, José, Ferlazzo, Gabriella, García Basteiro, Alberto, Centis, Rosella, Visca, Dina, D’Ambrosio, Lia, and Sotgiu, Giovanni

Abstract

The continuous flow of new research articles on MDR-TB diagnosis, treatment, prevention and rehabilitation requires frequent update of existing guidelines. This review is aimed at providing clinicians and public health staff with an updated and easy-to-consult document arising from consensus of Global Tuberculosis Network (GTN) experts. The core published documents and guidelines have been reviewed, including the recently published MDR-TB WHO rapid advice and ATS/CDC/ERS/IDSA guidelines. After a rapid review of epidemiology and risk factors, the clinical priorities on MDR-TB diagnosis (including whole genome sequencing and drug-susceptibility testing interpretations) and treatment (treatment design and management, TB in children) are discussed. Furthermore, the review comprehensively describes the latest information on contact tracing and LTBI management in MDR- TB contacts, while providing guidance on post-treatment functional evaluation and rehabilitation of TB sequelae, infection control and other public health priorities

Published
2020

125. Long-term effects of mass screening for latent and active tuberculosis in the Marshall Islands

Author

Ragonnet, Romain, primary, Williams, Bridget M, additional, Largen, Angela, additional, Nasa, Joaquin, additional, Jack, Tom, additional, Langinlur, Mailynn K, additional, Ko, Eunyoung, additional, Rahevar, Kalpeshsinh, additional, Islam, Tauhid, additional, Denholm, Justin, additional, Marais, Ben J, additional, Marks, Guy B, additional, McBryde, Emma S, additional, and Trauer, James M, additional

Published
2021
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145. Optimising social mixing strategies to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 in six European countries: a mathematical modelling study

Author

Ragonnet, Romain, primary, Briffoteaux, Guillaume, additional, Williams, Bridget M., additional, Savulescu, Julian, additional, Segal, Matthew, additional, Abayawardana, Milinda, additional, Eggo, Rosalind M., additional, Tuyttens, Daniel, additional, Melab, Nouredine, additional, Marais, Ben J., additional, McBryde, Emma S., additional, and Trauer, James M., additional

Published
2020
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149. Vitamin D Supplements for Prevention of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease

Author

Ganmaa, Davaasambuu, primary, Uyanga, Buyanjargal, additional, Zhou, Xin, additional, Gantsetseg, Garmaa, additional, Delgerekh, Baigali, additional, Enkhmaa, Davaasambuu, additional, Khulan, Dorjnamjil, additional, Ariunzaya, Saranjav, additional, Sumiya, Erdenebaatar, additional, Bolortuya, Batbileg, additional, Yanjmaa, Jutmaan, additional, Enkhtsetseg, Tserenkhuu, additional, Munkhzaya, Ankhbat, additional, Tunsag, Murneren, additional, Khudyakov, Polyna, additional, Seddon, James A., additional, Marais, Ben J., additional, Batbayar, Ochirbat, additional, Erdenetuya, Ganbaatar, additional, Amarsaikhan, Bazarsaikhan, additional, Spiegelman, Donna, additional, Tsolmon, Jadambaa, additional, and Martineau, Adrian R., additional

Published
2020
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