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Copyright of Saudi Medical Journal is the property of Saudi Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aims to study the moral values contained in Antara's poetry, which are classified into three categories: the highest ideal ethics that are less present among members of societies, but Antara has this kind of ethics; realistic ethics that the majority of people have, and Antara already having them; ethics that Antara looked at and philosophized, and called at the following findings: first, the value theorizing in Antara's poetry suggests that the Arab society before Islam reached a high level of maturity and awareness. Second, what we observe from the interconnection of the value system in Antara's poetry may be due to the regularity of these values in his life, and its control over himself, and his identification with them. Third, Antara's poetry also suggests that the highness of determination was the key to change in his life, the source of the transformation that took place in his personality, and the source of values and morals that were issued by him and adhered to them, and that he practiced this intentionally, and this gives him an additional distinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professional learning communities (PLC) have increasingly attracted attention in research on teachers' professional development. The aim of this study is to identify contradictions that can occur and be manifested in PLCs in mathematics. Identifying contradictions in PLCs are important, as the identification and resolution of contradictions are crucial to developing PLCs. We have conceptualized PLCs and contradictions within the Cultural Historical Activity Theory. Our data consist of two iterations of interviews with four teacher leader coaches with extensive experience of coaching teacher leaders of PLCs in mathematics. The study distinguishes 26 manifestations of contradictions, taking the overall forms of dilemmas and conflicts. Our results can be used in designing PLCs in mathematics: they can be used to make visible and increase participants' awareness of contradictions involved in PLCs and thereby increase the possibility that the contradictions serve as sources of support rather than obstacles in the development of PLCs in mathematics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scabies is a common skin disorder, caused by the ectoparasite Sarcoptes scabiei. The scabies mites burrow is highly diagnostic but illegible by the naked eye, because it is tiny and may completely be obscured by scratch and crust. The classic technique is opening the end of an intact mite burrow with a sharp instrument and inspecting its contents in the light microscope under loupe vision. Dermatoscope is a new method to diagnose scabies, with the advantages of non-invasive and more sensitive. This study verified the characteristic manifestations of scabies under dermoscopy. Under the closer examination of the curvilinear scaly burrow, the scabies mite itself may be seen as a dark equilateral triangular structure, which is often referred to as a “jet with contrail.” Besides, this study found that the positive detection rate of microscopic characteristic manifestations under the dermoscopy ordered by the external genitals, the finger seams and the trunk, which were statistically different (P-value < 0.05). Of note, this is the first study to explore the regional distribution of the characteristic dermoscopic manifestations of scabies. We are the first to propose to focus on examining the external genitalia and finger seams with dermoscopy.

Objective: Extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis (EHPVT) is a common cause of portal hypertension in children. The aim of the present study was to identify the clinical manifestations and the risk factors for development of EHPVT in pediatric patients. Subjects and Methods: This was a single-center retrospective cohort study. A total of 12 children (6 boys and 6 girls) took part in the study. We noted the clinical presentations and the predisposing risk factors for development of EHPVT in all patients. In addition, as all of them had undergone an esophagogastroduodenoscopy for detection and grading of esophageal varices as part of the treatment algorithm, we analyzed the endoscopic findings and the therapeutic approach. Results: The median age of subjects at diagnosis was 3.5 years (range: 1–17 years). The most frequent initial clinical manifestation was upper gastrointestinal bleeding (6 cases, 50.0%) followed by splenomegaly (3 cases, 25.0%). The most frequent systemic risk factor for EHPVT was presence of inherited prothrombotic disorder (10 cases, 83.3%), and the most common local risk factor for EHPVT was umbilical vein catheterization (5 cases, 41.7%). Esophageal varices were revealed in all the study participants, and in the most cases, they were grade ≥2. Propranolol was used as primary or secondary prophylaxis in 7 children (58.3%), and in 5 children (41.7%), a shunt was performed (Meso-Rex bypass in 3 children and splenorenal shunt in 2 children). Conclusion: Patients with known systemic or local risk factors for EHPVT are indicated for proactive ultrasound screening for early diagnosis and timely management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Latin American & Caribbean Studies (Taylor & Francis Ltd) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: The goal is to deepen understanding of trust and control in employee-driven innovations (EDI) and is met by empirical research basing on key informants’ narration. Design/methodology/approach: Nineteen interviews with key informants were conducted between March and June 2021 in three companies from different sectors (telecommunication, pharmaceutical and financial). Findings: This publication contributes to the existing literature on EDI and trust-control in multiple ways. First, it reveals lack of direct reference to trust in employees’ discourse on EDI. Second, it highlights manifestations of trust and control along with fit into Das and Teng (2001) framework. Third, it reveals differences among researched companies in terms of breakdown of trust and control types, which poses further questions about factors impacting these differences. Fourth, it shows that social control manifestations are not recognized. Research limitations/implications: Research limitation stems from the method, which does not allow to make generalizations. Manifestations of social control in Das and Teng (2001) model were not recognized in the research, which opens a future research avenue. Future research could investigate impersonal trust in the context of EDI. Practical implications: The research proves important role of general managerial support, identified in the literature on innovations and trust. Originality/value: The article proposes categorization of trust and control manifestations and fit into types of trust and control in Das and Teng (2001) model, which originally presents relations between trust, control and risk types in collaboration between alliance partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Babylon Center for Humanities Studies is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease, has been known as a worldwide pandemic involving many countries, including Iran. Meantime, the analyses of clinical and demographic features of the fourth surge in COVID-19 patients provide a better overview of disease management and mortality reduction. Objective: This study aimed to identify the effective clinical and demographic hallmarks of the fourth wave of COVID-19 in Ardabil Province, Iran. Methods: We carried out a population-based analytical cross-sectional study using clinical and demographic characteristics of COVID-19 from February 2021 to May 2021 among confirmed COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the hospital during the fourth surge. Predictors of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death were evaluated by controlling for intervening variables. Findings: We evaluated 500 patients, of whom 54.5% were men, and 45.5% were women. Among them, 35.1% of patients had hypertension as the main comorbidity, followed by diabetes (21.4%), cardiovascular disease (8.4 %), renal diseases (2.4%), and others. The findings indicated that increasing age has increased mortality among patients with COVID-19. Moreover, our results showed that among the analyzed items, age, sex, and cerebral vascular accident (CVA) were indicated as predictors of ICU admission. Conclusion: This evaluation demonstrated that old age and comorbidities are two major risk factors for reducing the probability of recovery and increasing admission to the ICU. Therefore, elderly individuals with at least one co-morbidity are at higher risk of becoming infected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of IUG Journal of Islamic Studies is the property of Islamic University of Gaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A growing polarization marks the Brazilian macro-political context and encourages the creation of strategies used by different groups and social actors to express their political party positions. This article analyses how creating the Ponta Norte Agroecological Fair in the Federal District can be considered a different strategy for transforming a public space into a political space. The qualitative methodology used in the research involves the analysis of three universes of subjects: the organizers, the producers-traders and the participants (consumers). It combines data obtained from the answer to structured interviews with data mapping from the 2018 election voting sections. The research reveals that the fair breaks with urban-rural dichotomies and is responsible for constructing political space through territorializing itself as a spatial process. Today, the fair's spatial location and existence are fundamental data for understanding how such a construction process is embedded with meaning but politically conditioning and limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted systemic disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum. If left untreated, syphilis progresses in four stages: Primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary. Since the turn of the 20th century, the global prevalence of syphilis has sharply increased. Syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection are common because they share similar transmission routes. Ocular syphilis (OcS) is a rare syphilis complication, but its prevalence has recently increased as a result of the rise in syphilis cases. OcS may occur at any stage of syphilis. However, it may not always be accompanied by systemic findings. In such cases, ocular involvement may be the disease's first and only manifestation. OcS can affect any structure of the eye, yet the most common manifestations are posterior uveitis and panuveitis. Due to the variety of clinical manifestations, the disease is known as "the great imitator." As a result, syphilis serology is advised for any patient with unknown intraocular inflammation. Although clinical signs can be indicative of OcS, it is diagnosed using laboratory tests. Multimodal ocular imaging is required for differential diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. It is highly recommended that patients with suspected or confirmed syphilis be tested for HIV infection. OcS is treated just like neurosyphilis with systemic penicillin. If OcS is treated promptly and effectively, a good visual prognosis is possible; otherwise, it may lead to permanent blindness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Neurology / Turk Noroloji Dergisi is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The relevance of the topic lies in specifying particular ideological and organizational forms of left radical protest in the face of the multi-layered society and authoritarian regime. The mechanisms of intra-elite delimitation in a one-party system are still to be clarified. The contradictions of the NEP were expressed in a concentrated form in the South of Russia, a large agrarian region. The article defines the regional features of the left radical ("Trotskyist") opposition in 1926-1929 on the materials of the South of Russia. The specific conditions of the Trotskyist opposition activity in the region during the initial period of the NEP are as follows: a greater role of agrarian policy issues and "Cossacks -nonresidents" class division, the consequences of a protracted Civil war that was especially severe in the region, a weighty layer of left-wing radicalism supporters in the party-state authorities. The Trotskist opposition in the region (1926-1927) consisted mainly of party and state employees, unemployed and veterans of war, as well as unskilled workers. It was almost completely a city phenomenon. Public opinion regarding the opposition shifted in 1926-1927 to the negative side for the government, which was explained by the growth of unemployment and inequality. The poor awareness of the workers about the opposition caused the effect of "inadequate hopes", the empowerment of Trotsky with idealized features. There was also an opposite impetus for the growth of support for the authorities due to the threat of war, the "left turn" of the VKP(b) to the winding-down of the NEP, which won in late 1927. The opposition sentiments of unskilled workers, a part of Red Army soldiers and Civil War veterans were caused by contradictions between the urban and rural communities, the rejection of bureaucracy and corruption. However, the protest against the decline in living standards, rising unemployment and social inequality was situational and did not challenge the Soviet system, heading into the channel of its "correction". Therefore, the slogans of creating an underground party, put forward by the Trotskyist opposition, did not find broad support.

Li-Hong Lu, Yu-Qing Song, Qi-Ming Wu, Zhao Wang, Yong-Fu Chen, Qian Dong, Xiao-Tao Han Department of Cardiology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Qi-Ming WuDepartment of Cardiology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 of Jingshun Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 138 0100 9058Fax +86 10-84322988Email lulihong1954@163.comObjective: To improve our knowledge of cardiac manifestations caused by brucellosis through analyzing abnormal electrocardiograms of patients infected with brucella.Methods: A total of 108 cases were enrolled, and their electrocardiograms were analyzed and summarized retrospectively.Results: Among 108 cases, 77 (71.3%) had a normal electrocardiogram, and 31 (28.7%) had an abnormal electrocardiogram. There were 13 cases with nodal tachycardia (12%), 9 cases with sinus bradycardia (8%), 7 cases with sinus arrhythmia (6%), 8 cases with left ventricular high voltage (7%), 13 cases with abnormal ST segment and T wave (12%), 2 cases with abnormal Q wave (1.85%), 3 cases with complete right bundle branch block (2.78%), 3 cases with ventricular premature beat (2.78%), 1 case with left anterior fascicular block (0.9%), 1 case with first degree a-v block (0.9%), 1 case with QT internal prolongation (0.9%), 1 case with poor R wave progression (0.9%), and 1 case with short PR interval (0.9%).Conclusion: The cardiac manifestations of brucellosis were rare, but the mortality was high. Patients with abnormal electrocardiogram should have improved echocardiography in time. Early detection of the abnormal electrocardiogram could give a hint of cardiac damage to avoid the serious consequences.Keywords: brucella, brucellosis, ECG, manifestations, cardiac manifestations

Abstract Since its outbreak in 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, affecting more than 52 million people and causing more than 1 million mortalities globally till date. Current research reveals a wide array of disease manifestations and behaviors encompassing multiple organ systems in body and immense systemic inflammation, which have been summarized in this review. Data from a number of scientific reviews, research articles, case series, observational studies, and case reports were retrieved by utilizing online search engines such as Cochrane, PubMed, and Scopus from December 2019 to November 2020. The data for prevalence of signs and symptoms, underlying disease mechanisms and comorbidities were analyzed using SPSS version 25. This review will discuss a wide range of COVID-19 clinical presentations recorded till date, and the current understanding of both the underlying general as well as system specific pathophysiologic, and pathogenetic pathways. These include direct viral penetration into host cells through ACE2 receptors, induction of inflammosomes and immune response through viral proteins, and the initiation of system-wide inflammation and cytokine production. Moreover, peripheral organ damage and underlying comorbid diseases which can lead to short term and long term, reversible and irreversible damage to the body have also been studied. We concluded that underlying comorbidities and their pathological effects on the body contributed immensely and determine the resultant disease severity and mortality of the patients. Presently there is no drug approved for treatment of COVID-19, however multiple vaccines are now in use and research for more is underway.

Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is one of the worst pandemics in the history of the world. It is the third coronavirus disease that has afflicted humans in a short span of time. The world appears to be recovering from the grasp of this deadly pandemic; still, its post-disease health effects are not clearly understood. It is evident that the vast majority of COVID-19 patients usually recovered over time; however, disease manifestation is reported to still exist in some patients even after complete recovery. The disease is known to have left irreversible damage(s) among some patients and these damages are expected to cause mild or severe degrees of health effects. Apart from the apparent damage to the lungs caused by SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19-surviving patients display a wide spectrum of dysfunctions in different organ systems that is similar to what occurs with SARS-CoV-1 and MERS diseases. The major long COVID-19 manifestations include the following aspects: (1) central nervous system, (2) cardiovascular, (3) pulmonary, (4) gastrointestinal, (5) hematologic, (6) renal and (7) psycho-social systems. COVID-19 has a disease display manifestation in these organs and its related systems amongst a large number of recovered cases. Our study highlights the expected bodily consequences of the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection based on the understanding of the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In northern Spain, anti-HMGCR IMNM usually affects people over 50 years with exposure to statins. • We confirm that HLA-DRB1×11 is associated with an increased risk of anti-HMGCR IMNM in Spain. • The SLCO1B1 gene does not seem to play a role in the anti-HMGCR IMNM genetic network. • Vitamin D deficiency and hypothyroidism might be predisposing factors for anti-HMGCR IMNM. To characterize the demographic, genetic, clinical, and serological features of patients with anti-3‑hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) in a region of northern Spain. Study of all patients diagnosed with anti-HMGCR IMNM during a 5-year period at a reference hospital in northern Spain. Besides clinical and laboratory data, we analyzed the genetic influence of HLA genes and the rs4149056 (c.521T>C) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the SLCO1B1 gene. 8 patients (5 women, 3 men) with a mean ± SD age of 64.9 ± 7.3 years, fulfilled the criteria for anti-HMGCR IMNM. The incidence rate was 0.6 per 100.000 person-years and the prevalence 3 per 100.000 population. All patients had been exposed to statins. All of them had predominant lower limb proximal and symmetric muscle weakness that was severe in 2 and had elevated serum CK levels with a median [IQR] of 4488 [2538–9194] IU/L. Serum 25‑hydroxy vitamin D levels were decreased in all patients in whom it was determined. The 3 patients with a previous diagnosis of hypothyroidism had abnormal levels of TSH at the time of diagnosis. All patients experienced improvement with different schemes of immunosuppressive therapy. Noteworthy, 7 of 8 patients carried the HLA-DRB1*11 allele. The frequency of the rs4149056 C allele in the SLCO1B1 gene (12.5%) was similar to that of the general population. In northern Spain, anti-HMGCR IMNM preferentially affects people over 50 years of age who are carriers of the HLA-DRB1*11 allele and take statins. Both low vitamin D levels and hypothyroidism may play a potential predisposing role in the development of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome (AGS) is an inflammatory disorder belonging to the type I interferonopathy group. The clinical diagnosis of AGS is difficult, which can lead to a high mortality rate. Overall, there is a lack of large-sample research data on AGS in China. We aim to summarize the clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with AGS and provide clues for clinical diagnostic. Methods: The genetic and clinical features of Chinese patients with AGS were collected. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Results: A total of 23 cases were included, consisting of 7 cases of AGS1 with three prime repair exonuclease 1 mutations, 3 of AGS2 with ribonuclease H2 subunit B (RNASEH2B) mutations, 3 of ASG3 with RNASEH2C, 1 of AGS4 with RNASEH2A mutations, 2 of AGS6 with adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1 mutations, and 7 of AGS7 with interferon induced with helicase C domain 1 mutations. Onset before the age of 3 years occurred in 82.6%. Neurologic involvement was most common (100%), including signs of intracranial calcification which mainly distributed in the bilateral basal ganglia, leukodystrophy, dystonia, epilepsy, brain atrophy and dysphagia. Intellectual disability, language disability and motor skill impairment were also observed. Skin manifestations (60.87%) were dominated by a chilblain-like rash. Features such as microcephaly (47.62%), short stature (52.38%), liver dysfunction (42.11%), thyroid dysfunction (46.15%), positive autoimmune antibodies (66.67%), and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (53.85%) were also found. The phenotypes of 2 cases fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for systemic lupus erythaematosus (SLE). One death was recorded. ISGs expression were elevated. Conclusions: AGS is a systemic disease that causes sequelae and mortality. A diagnosis of AGS should be considered for patients who have an early onset of chilblain-like rash, intracranial calcification, leukodystrophy, dystonia, developmental delay, positive autoimmune antibodies, and elevated ISGs, and for those diagnosed with SLE with atypical presentation who are nonresponsive to conventional treatments. Comprehensive assessment of vital organ function and symptomatic treatment are important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the ability of medical students to recognize oral manifestation of selected systemic diseases and compare their performance with dental students. Materials and Methods: A total of 400 senior medical and dental students were approached to participate. The study protocol involved two parts; a self‐administered survey and a direct interview involving clinical photographs for oral signs of systemic diseases. Results: A total of 283 (70.8%) agreed to participate and completed the two‐ part study. The study population was made of 110 (38.9%) [82 females and 28 males] dental students, and 173(61.1%) [98 females and 75 males] medical students. The knowledge score regarding questions about the normal mouth and oral structures was 15.7 ± 6 out of 22. Dental students had a significantly higher knowledge score about normal mouth and oral structures (20.9 ± 4; range from 17 to 22) compared to medical students (10.6 ± 7; range from 4 to 21) (p =.029). The knowledge score regarding questions about oral manifestations of systemic diseases was 26.8 ± 6 out of 40. Dental students had a significantly higher knowledge score about oral manifestations of systemic diseases (30.8 ± 7; range from 15 to 37) compared to medical students (22.9 ± 4; range from 10 to 36) (p =.031). Only 24.3% (n = 42) medical students reported having adequate training to be able to distinguish between normal mouth and diseases. Nearly all medical students (91.3%; n = 158) felt that it is important to have more formal training in oral examination and disease diagnosis. Conclusion: Medical students lack adequate knowledge, diagnostic ability, and confidence with regard to diagnosis of oral signs of systemic diseases. To ensure that medical students have necessary skills in assessing oral diseases, curricula revisions and modifications are required, and specific oral health‐related learning outcomes should be introduced and reinforced through clinical training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background This study evaluated the time course of computed tomography (CT) findings of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who required mechanical ventilation and were treated with favipiravir and steroid therapy. Results Eleven patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia were included. CT findings assessed at the three time points showed that all patients had ground-glass opacities (GGO) and consolidation and mixed pattern at intubation. Consolidation and mixed pattern disappeared in most of the patients whereas GGO persisted in all patients at 1-month follow-up. In addition to GGO, a subpleural line and bronchus distortion and bronchial dilatation were frequent findings. The degree of resolution of GGO varied depending on each patient. The GGO score correlated significantly with the time from symptoms onset to initiation of steroid therapy (ρ = 0.707, p = 0.015). Conclusions At 1-month follow-up after discharge, non-GGO lesions were absorbed almost completely, and GGO were a predominant CT manifestation. Starting steroid therapy earlier after onset of symptoms in severe COVID-19 pneumonia may reduce the extent of GGO at 1-month follow-up.

Apart from conjunctival involvement which is the most well-known ocular manifestation of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19), there are multiple reports of the involvement of other ocular structures by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We comprehensively reviewed PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar for available evidence regarding COVID-19 various ocular manifestations, with special focus on less known and unusual ocular findings. We then categorized the findings based on the parts of the eye which was involved. In anterior sections of the eye, the involvement of the eyelid (tarsadenitis), conjunctiva and cornea (follicular conjunctivitis, pseudomembranous conjunctivitis, and keratoconjunctivitis), episclera (nodular episcleritis), uvea (anterior uveitis) were reported. Also, third, fourth, and sixth nerve palsy, retinal vasculitis, retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) changes (hyper-reflective lesions and increased retinal nerve fiber layer thickness [RNFLT]), optic neuritis, papillophlebitis, Miller Fisher syndrome, posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy (PRES), ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery occlusion, and polyneuritis cranialis were reported in different studies. Postmortem evaluation of COVID-19 patients detected no viral RNA in different anterior and posterior segments of the eyes. However, another study revealed a 21.4% positivity of the retinal biopsies of dead patients. The results of this study can help ophthalmologists to be vigilant when they see these findings in a suspected case of COVID-19. In addition, wearing face masks and protective goggles or eye shields are recommended, especially in high risk contacts.

This paper dealt with the issue of a commitment to the public office ethics reduces the administrative corruption manifestations in Sudan. The purpose of this paper is to find out what are the administrative corruption manifestations and how the commitment to the public office ethics contributes in the decreasing of administrative corruption forms. This paper depends on the literature review and uses descriptive approach in order to describe the forms of corruption which are related to the administration. Qualitative method has been followed in this work because, according to the view of the researcher, it is acceptable for this kind of study. The findings show that, embezzlement, extortion, exploitation of public position, forgery, deception, mediation, nepotism, favouritism and gifts to the public office are all shapes of administrative corruption that are pervasive in Sudan, Also, it indicates that, high levels of corporate transparency (auditing and reporting) and high Internet access can be beneficial in Sudan, that by combating corruption in the public sector and adopting effective policies to encourage the development of the private sector. Likewise, increase of salaries and wages for public sector workers can contribute in corruption reduction. The study recommends strongly to implement the principles of ethics of public offices, and law should be set in order to organize the bad morals of individuals in government agencies in Sudan.

On 11 March 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). As the COVID-19 pandemic has ravaged worldwide, children have not been unaffected. Information gleaned from adult experience with the disease has aided in disease detection and treatment strategies in children. Numerous cases have been described in adult literature about hematologic manifestations of COVID-19. This case series aims to report several hematologic presentations in patients with COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C, an immune-mediated reaction leading to severe COVID-19 illness) with and without a primary hematologic disorder.

Dengue fever is caused by a RNA virus and is transmitted through the bite of infected female Aedes aegypti mosquito. Over the past few years an alarming rise has been seen in the cases of dengue virus owing to multiple reasons. Oral manifestations although are rare in cases of dengue, but when present can be helpful in its initial diagnosis. The most common intra-oral symptom of dengue infection is gingival bleeding which is commonly seen in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. The management of dengue fever includes using paracetamol for reducing fever and avoiding nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a particular regional concern because of endemicity in Afghanistan and many neighboring countries. The prevalence of CCHF has been increasing in this region. These concerns are compounded because there is no vaccine or therapeutic for CCHF and Afghanistan lacks adequate public health infrastructure in preventing, detecting, and containing cases. This investigation aimed to study the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features of CCHF in Afghanistan that might be useful in prevention and case detection, particularly in a limited resource setting. Method: A descriptive and analytic retrospective study of epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features of confirmed patients (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-positive for CCHF) who were admitted to referral infectious center of Afghanistan from March 2017, to December 2018, was carried out. Results: There were 51 ELISA-confirmed CCHF patients, comprised of 14 females and 37 males. The mean age was 30 years of age, and there were 11 deaths. The case fatality rate (CFR) was 21.6% and was not significant between sexes (p = 0.8). Most cases were recorded from June to September, which is the period containing Eid-al-Adha. With regard to occupation, 13.7% and 11.8% of subjects were butchers and shepherds, respectively. The leading clinical manifestations were fever, hemorrhage, and myalgia. The mean time between onset of symptoms and admission to the hospital was 4.9 days in recovered cases and 4.7 days for expired cases. Conclusion: The prevalence of CCHF is increasing in Afghanistan. The majority of cases visited the hospital during the late phase of infection. This delay can negatively affect the efficacy of treatment and lead to severe health outcomes. Our findings reveal that impaired Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hemorrhagic manifestations (including epistaxis), and impaired consciousness were factors associated with a higher mortality rate. These biomarkers may provide a clue to possible early effective interventions and increasing the chance of survival of the patients.

Background: While the name of the virus indicates respiratory disease, and the respiratory spread of COVID-19 has been well documented in the literature, the ongoing pandemic has shown that the virus is not confined to just the lung. Hence, physicians should be aware of the “many faces” that this singular disease can present with, for timely diagnosis and prompt initiation of best treatment options. Materials and Methods: A total of 1754 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection were admitted at a rural tertiary care center, Karnataka, India. This study is a cross-sectional study done for a period of 6 months from July 2020 to December 2020. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, management, and outcomes were recorded and compared. Results: Out of 1754 COVID-19 patients, pulmonary manifestations were seen in 1222 patients, extrapulmonary manifestations in 360 patients, and 172 patients were asymptomatic. Males were affected more than females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. Most common pulmonary manifestation seen was cough in 83.06%, followed by fever in 67.59%. Most common extrapulmonary manifestation seen was neurological followed by gastrointestinal in 60.83% and 35.8% patients, respectively. Fatality in patients with pulmonary manifestations was 5% and extrapulmonary manifestation was 3%. All patients were managed according to standard COVID-19 treatment protocol. Conclusion: Early recognition of COVID-19 infections remains a big challenge. COVID-19 can have diverse range of clinical manifestations. Hence, COVID-19 infection should be considered in the differential of any systemic disease during the current pandemic, even in the absence of pulmonary manifestations like fever or cough.

Background: Paediatric rhinosinusitis is mostly different than that in adults. More frequently, children presented with cough, bad breath, crankiness, low energy, and swelling around the eyes, besides a thick yellow-green nasal or post-nasal discharge. About 5- 13% of childhood viral upper respiratory tract infections may advance to acute rhinosinusitis, with some of them developing a chronic condition. Aim: To assess prevalence and clinical presentation of sinusitis in the paediatric age group in Aseer, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: A retrospective record-based study was conducted in Abha Maternity and Children Hospital in Abha city, Saudi Arabia between January 2015 and January 2018. All medical records during the study period for children whose from to 15 years old attended the hospital and diagnosed as having sinusitis were included. Results: The study included 100 children with complete files whose ages ranged from less than 1 year to up to 13 years old with a mean age of 5.3 4.2 years. Nearly 51% of the children aged 4 years or less and male were 53 (53%). Past history for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) was positive among 30 children. Regarding clinical presentations of rhinosinusitis (RS) as reported by the children caregivers, fever was the most reported complaint (50%) followed by red eye (44%), ringing nose (42%), cough (41%) and headache (36%). Mucous culture was positive among 58 cases. The most isolated pathogens were streptococcus pneumoniae (45.6%), Haemophilis influenza (24.6%). Conclusions: In conclusion, the study revealed that CRS is a common disease in children at different ages, especially, maxillary and frontal sinuses. In most of the cases, medical treatment is highly appreciated; though, surgical intervention may be needed in a small percentage.

Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral pandemic which has taken away more than over 4 million lives all over the world as of July 9, 2021, with the USA, India, and Brazil being the most affected countries. Apart from the respiratory tract, the cardiovascular (CV) system is one of the important organ systems affected by this complex multisystem disease. Various studies have confirmed that COVID-19 predisposes an individual to increased risk of CV complications. In fact, hospitalized patients have been consistently reported to have modulated levels of biomarkers demonstrating coagulation and acute cardiac injury. Understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying CV involvement is strongly believed to be the foundation for developing strategies for early diagnosis and management of COVID-19-affected individuals. We review here various molecular mechanisms underlying CV involvement in COVID-19 and discuss several biochemical prognostic markers, as they have evidently revealed their importance in predicting severe prognosis such as mortality, mechanical ventilation, and ICU admission among severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-infected patients with or without previous history of myocardial injury. The therapeutic strategies that could be employed to treat and manage CV manifestations in COVID-19-positive individuals are also discussed.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a global health problem associated with significant morbidity during reproductive age. Only a few published studies that address the clinical manifestations and phenotypic presentation of the disease have been conducted in Africa, including Sudan. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the clinical and biochemical presentation of the different PCOS phenotypes among infertile Sudanese women.Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted from January to December 2019. A total of 368 infertile women with PCOS (based on the Rotterdam criteria) were recruited from a fertility center in Khartoum, Sudan. Clinical, hormonal, and ultrasonographic characteristics were described and compared between the four phenotypes of PCOS.Results: Majority (321 [87.2%]) of the women had oligo/anovulation (OA). Polycystic ovary morphology on ultrasound appeared in 236 (64.1%) women, acne in 171 (46.5%) women, acanthosis nigricans in 81 (22.0%) women, and hirsutism in 101 (27.4%) women. Phenotype D was the most prevalent among infertile Sudanese women (51.6%), followed by phenotype B (22.6%), phenotype C (18.2%), and phenotype A (7.6%). No statistical differences in the body mass index and hormonal profile between the four phenotypes were noted. Women with phenotype A were older and had high mean blood pressure, and a higher waist/hip ratio was observed among women with phenotype D.Conclusion: Unlike the global distribution of PCOS phenotypes, Sudanese women uniquely expressed phenotype D as the most prevalent. More epidemiological studies are needed in the region due to geographical, ethnic, and genetic variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary: Since the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), our understanding regarding the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of this disease have been improving. However, we still have limited data on long‐term effects and lingering symptoms of post COVID‐19 recovery. Despite predilection of COVID‐19 for lungs, multiple extra‐pulmonary manifestations appear in multiple organs and biological systems and with continued infection and recovery worldwide. It is necessary that clinicians provide patients with previous SARS‐CoV‐2 infection with expectations of long‐term effects during or after recovery from COVID‐19. Herein, we review the long‐term impact of COVID‐19 on different organ systems reported from different clinical studies. Understanding risk factors and signs and symptoms of long‐term consequences after recovery from COVID‐19 will allow for proper follow‐up and management of the disease post recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in December 2019, evidence suggests an association between COVID-19 and the onset of pneumothorax (PTX). Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the onset of PTX, the possible risk factors, clinical characteristics, management, prognosis, and mechanism of PTX formation in patients with COVID-19 infection. A systematic review was done using several databases for articles published from December 2019 to January 2021. One-hundred and thirty-nine patients in a total of 87 articles fulfilled our criteria. A broad age range was affected (mean and standard deviation of 57 ± 15.39) with male predominance (77.7%). Most patients (66.2%) developed PTX during the hospital stays. In those who developed PTX, the most recognized characteristics included male gender (77.7%), severe COVID-19 infection (41%), mechanical ventilation (43.2%), age >65 years (30.9%), other diseases (79.1%), and smoking (8.6%). A good prognosis was reported in more than half of the patients (83; 59.7%). Death was significantly associated with critical conditions of COVID-19, bilateral PTX, respiratory distress, and mechanical ventilation (P = 0.006, 0.001, 0.013, and 0.001, respectively). PTX is a potential complication of COVID-19 infections, commonly noticed in the right lung. Mechanical ventilation, COVID-19 severity, bilateral PTX, and acute respiratory distress were associated with worse outcomes in COVID-19 patients with PTX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Chronic kidney disease is associated with several physical and psychosocial burdens which significantly impact the patient’s quality of life and functionality. This psychological impact of chronic kidney disease is heightened in developing countries with lots of compounding factors including poverty, poor infrastructure including poor health facilities, and non-existent/poorly implemented health policies. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analytical study of patients attending Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT) Teaching Hospital Parklane, Enugu, from November 1, 2018, to April 30, 2019. Consecutive patients presenting to the renal unit of the hospital who met the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study from Medical out patient (MOP) and renal clinics. The clinical details including biodata and blood samples were collected from the patient. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was calculated using modification of diet in kidney diseases (MDKD) formula. Results: A total of 153 patients were recruited, 63.8% were males with a mean age of 51.4 ± 15.5 years. Most of the patients (90.9%) were in chronic kidney disease stages 3-5; 90.2% had comorbidities and 56.2% were on hemodialysis; however, only 14% adhere to the hemodialysis prescription. The prevalence of neuropsychiatric manifestation was 71.2%, and depression and anxiety disorder were the most common with the prevalence of 58.2% and 20.3%, respectively. Other neuropsychiatric manifestations in this study include post-traumatic disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive–compulsive disorder, suicide ideation, and hypomania. Occupation, diabetes mellitus, and late stages of chronic kidney disease were predictors of neuropsychiatric disorder in chronic kidney disease patients. Conclusion: Neuropsychiatric disorder of various types is a common presentation in patients with chronic kidney disease. Occupation, diabetes mellitus, and late stages of chronic kidney disease are risk factors for the development of neuropsy-chiatric disorder in chronic kidney disease patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with COVID-19 frequently experience neurological symptoms. Headaches and dizziness are common but non-specific symptoms. Both peripheral and central nervous systems can be impacted in severe stages. We focused on the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 patients in critical care. A cohort study evaluated the acute neurological manifestations in 204 patients admitted to intensive care units (ICU) tertiary Imam Khomeini hospital complex, Tehran, Iran. Patients with positive COVID-19 tests and severe clinical symptoms in both sexes, older than 16 years, were included in the study. Two groups of patients with positive or negative neurologic complications were compared by chi-square or Fisher exact test for categorical variables. The differences in continuous variables between the two groups were investigated using an independent sample t-test. The Kolmogorov-Simonov test was used to verify the normality assumption. A P less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study included 204 individuals (130 males and 74 females) out of 270 ICU patients. Ninety (44.1%) patients were discharged, while 114 (55.9%) died. Overall, 17 (8.3%) patients had neurological complications, while 187 (91%) did not (P=0.005). The two groups did not have significantly different mean age (P=0.325) and sex (P=.793). The ventilation support was significantly different in the two groups (P=0.002). The death group had a higher incidence of loss of consciousness (P=0.003). COVID-19 causes neurological symptoms, especially during the inflammatory phase, and clinicians should be alert for neurological issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of College of Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Djoussour El-maarefa is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alustath is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Alustath is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

At its core, this article is concerned with the relationship between Black life and the university. It is focused on those working and studying in and at the interstices of the university--those for which the university itself was made to exclude; those for whom the university cannot begin to know how to include. By attending to the events of the 1969 Sir George Williams Affair, which took place in Montreal, Canada, as well as the events preceding it, I consider how the occupation of the ninth floor computer centre by the university's Black students operated within a legacy of refusal that can be traced back to an earlier history of resistance, specifically, to acts of marronage. Moreover, this article will seek to advance how the siting of spaces for protest, resistance, and solidarity by Black students illustrates how a lineage of marronage is at once a continuance of a project and practice of an ethics of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1969 Sir George Williams computer centre occupation has always felt like a secret, or underground, history, with whose protection Black Montreal has been entrusted. It is underground because it is often buried by mainstream Quebec history. When the FLQ (Front de libération du Québec), Quebec nationalism, and the October Crisis of 1970 are discussed, little or no reference is made to the occupation. That omission is telling, because people of my generation have grown up hearing about those events as centrepieces of "recent" Canadian history, and because, at the very least, the occupation shares the timeline. The occupation, in fact, preceded the October Crisis, and there is anecdotal evidence of a kind of cultural overlap. As a Black writer in Quebec, I am attracted to minor characters and suppressed histories, and this informs part of my interest in the occupation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, prominent discussions are being held on different angles of the science of arguments. In this regard, literal variables of the Holy Qur'an are under discussions, how the Holy Qur'an has completely changed the meaning of many commonly used words and their derivatives with solid arguments. In the Arabic dictionary, the specific meanings and implementations of these words and terms are now defined, which are called Islamic and Shariah. In the same perspective, the terms jihad also show how these words and their derivatives now have a specific meaning. It is a temporal evolution of words that continues in every language. On this subject, many books and articles have been written in general. However, this article examines the factors and manifestations of the literal evolution of specific terms with reference to the Holy Qur'an; a new dimension, it has been tried to be examined in the light of examples. Article focuses these questions: What is the usage of the literal and Shariah meanings in Arabic and what is the difference among them? What is the literal evolution of the words and terms of the Holy Qur'an and how has its arguments meanings changed in the Arabic dictionary? What was the status of Qur'anic terms jihad and what were their derived meanings before Islam and from which angles has this change taken place, since then?. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maria Elisa Luís,1 Diogo Hipólito-Fernandes,1 Catarina Mota,1 Diogo Maleita,1 Catarina Xavier,1 Tiago Maio,2 João Paulo Cunha,3,4 Joana Tavares Ferreira3– 6 1Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, Portugal; 2Ophthalmology Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal; 3Ophthalmology Department, Hospital CUF Cascais, Lisbon, Portugal; 4Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa do Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; 5Neuro-Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal; 6Centro de Estudos das Ciências da Visão, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, PortugalCorrespondence: Maria Elisa LuísOphthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Central, Lisbon, PortugalTel +351 962366103Email luis.mariaelisa@gmail.comIntroduction: Human coronavirus (HCoVs) are a group of viruses with recognized neurotropic and neuroinvasive capabilities. The reports on the neurological and ocular findings are increasing day after day and several central and peripheral neurological manifestations are already described. However, none specifically describes the neuro-ophthalmological manifestation of HCoVs. This is the first article specifically reviewing neuro-ophthalmological manifestations of HCoVs infection.Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using the keywords: coronaviridae, coronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, MERS, ocular, ophthalmology, ophthalmological, neuro-ophthalmology, neurological, manifestations. A manual search through the reference lists of relevant articles was also performed. There were no restrictions concerning language or study type and publications not yet printed but available online were considered.Results: Coronavirus eye involvement is not frequent and includes mostly a typical viral follicular conjunctivitis. Recently, retinal anatomical alterations were described using optic coherence tomography. Neuro-ophthalmological symptoms and signs can appear isolated or associated with neurological syndromes. The manifestations include headache, ocular pain, visual impairment, diplopia, and cranial nerve palsies secondary to Miller Fisher syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome, or encephalitis, and nystagmus.Conclusion: Neurological and neuro-ophthalmological syndromes, symptoms, and signs should not be neglected and a complete ophthalmological examination of these patients should be performed to fully describe ocular manifestations related to HCoVs. We believe that major ocular and neuro-ophthalmological manifestations reports lack due to safety issues concerning detailed ophthalmological examination; on the other hand, in a large number of cases, the presence of life-threatening coronavirus disease hinders ocular examination and ophthalmologist’s visit to the intensive care unit.Keywords: human coronavirus, neurotropic, neuro-ophthalmological, ophthalmology, manifestations

Background and Aim: Neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1) is a common genetic condition in children. It is becoming increasingly recognized that in neurofibromatosis, there might be anomalous development of bone with or without any local anomaly of neuroectodermal basis. This review was conducted to highlight the different features of spinal disorders in this congenital disease. Methods and Materials: Different search engines were used in this research. After going through the results and discarding the repeated ones, 2 reviewers began to inspect the studies independent of one another. In case of any disagreements between the reviewers over the inclusion of certain research material into the study, the final decision was made by the senior author. In the end, accepted research materials were used as needed in categorizing different types of spinal injuries. Results: Skeletal defects are among the most effective complications on the quality of life of patients. Bone deformities, osteoporosis, osteopenia, reduction of bone mass density, and spinal osteopathy such as scoliosis among such defects. Although the relative prevalence of spinal defects in neurofibromatosis type 1 is not clear, scoliosis can be considered the most common type of spinal deformity in this illness to the point it is present in 10 to 71% of cases. Thus, spine surgeons may face numerous common challenging conditions in NF1 patients like scoliosis, spondylolisthesis, and dural ectasia. Conclusion: As NF1 distresses several organ systems, radiologic spine screening is important in patients with NF1 and patients are likely to profit most from a multidisciplinary treatment policy.