131 results on '"Manichanh, Chaysavanh"'
Search Results
102. Colonization by Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii and Maintenance of Clinical Remission in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis
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Varela, Encarna, primary, Antolin, Maria, additional, Manichanh, Chaysavanh, additional, Gallart, Milagros, additional, Casellas, Montserrat, additional, Torrejón, Antonio, additional, Borruel, Natalia, additional, Casellas, Francesc, additional, and Guarner, Francisco, additional
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- 2011
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103. M1683 Persistent Effect of Antibiotics On the Intestinal Microbiota
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Manichanh, Chaysavanh, primary, Gibert, Prudence, additional, Llopis, Marta, additional, Varela, Encarna, additional, Antolin, Maria, additional, Guigo, Roderic, additional, and Guarner, Francisco, additional
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- 2009
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104. Real-Time PCR as a Versatile Tool for Investigating the Susceptibility of Human Herpesvirus 6 to Antiviral Agents
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Macé, Muriel, primary, Manichanh, Chaysavanh, additional, Bonnafous, Pascale, additional, Précigout, Stéphanie, additional, Boutolleau, David, additional, Gautheret-Dejean, Agnès, additional, and Agut, Henri, additional
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- 2003
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105. Role of the Human Herpesvirus 6 U69-Encoded Kinase in the Phosphorylation of Ganciclovir
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De Bolle, Leen, primary, Michel, Detlef, additional, Mertens, Thomas, additional, Manichanh, Chaysavanh, additional, Agut, Henri, additional, De Clercq, Erik, additional, and Naesens, Lieve, additional
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- 2002
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106. Selection of the same mutation in the U69 protein kinase gene of human herpesvirus-6 after prolonged exposure to ganciclovir in vitro and in vivo
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Manichanh, Chaysavanh, primary, Olivier-Aubron, Camille, additional, Lagarde, Jean-Pierre, additional, Aubin, Jean-Thierry, additional, Bossi, Phillipe, additional, Gautheret-Dejean, Agnès, additional, Huraux, Jean-Marie, additional, and Agut, Henri, additional
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- 2001
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107. Susceptibility of human herpesvirus 6 to antiviral compounds by flow cytometry analysis
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Manichanh, Chaysavanh, primary, Grenot, Pierre, additional, Gautheret-Dejean, Agn�s, additional, Debr�, Patrice, additional, Huraux, Jean-Marie, additional, and Agut, Henri, additional
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- 2000
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108. Microbiome Composition by Pyrosequencing in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of Rats with CCl4-Induced Cirrhosis.
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Cuenca, Silvia, Sanchez, Elisabet, Santiago, alba, El Khader, Ismail, Panda, Suchita, Vidal, Silvia, Camilo Nieto, Juan, Juárez, Cándido, Sancho, Francesc, Guarner, Francisco, Soriano, German, Guarner, Carlos, and Manichanh, Chaysavanh
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- 2014
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109. A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing.
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Junjie Qin, Ruiqiang Li, Raes, Jeroen, Arumugam, Manimozhiyan, Burgdorf, Kristoffer Solvsten, Manichanh, Chaysavanh, Nielsen, Trine, Pons, Nicolas, Levenez, Florence, Yamada, Takuji, Mende, Daniel R., Junhua Li, Junming Xu, Shaochuan Li, Dongfang Li, Jianjun Cao, Bo Wang, Huiqing Liang, Huisong Zheng, and Yinlong Xie
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HUMAN genetics ,MICROBIAL genetics ,HEALTH ,BACTERIA ,GENOMES ,GENES ,GENETICS ,BACTERIAL genetics ,GENOMICS - Abstract
To understand the impact of gut microbes on human health and well-being it is crucial to assess their genetic potential. Here we describe the Illumina-based metagenomic sequencing, assembly and characterization of 3.3 million non-redundant microbial genes, derived from 576.7 gigabases of sequence, from faecal samples of 124 European individuals. The gene set, ∼150 times larger than the human gene complement, contains an overwhelming majority of the prevalent (more frequent) microbial genes of the cohort and probably includes a large proportion of the prevalent human intestinal microbial genes. The genes are largely shared among individuals of the cohort. Over 99% of the genes are bacterial, indicating that the entire cohort harbours between 1,000 and 1,150 prevalent bacterial species and each individual at least 160 such species, which are also largely shared. We define and describe the minimal gut metagenome and the minimal gut bacterial genome in terms of functions present in all individuals and most bacteria, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2010
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110. Microbiome Composition by Pyrosequencing in Mesenteric Lymph Nodes of Rats with CCl4-Induced Cirrhosis
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Cuenca, Silvia, Sanchez, Elisabet, Santiago, Alba, El Khader, Ismail, Panda, Suchita, Vidal, Silvia, Camilo Nieto, Juan, Juárez, Cándido, Sancho, Francesc, Guarner, Francisco, Soriano, German, Guarner, Carlos, and Manichanh, Chaysavanh
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AbstractBackground:The cross talk between the gut microbiota and the immune system, which is essential to maintain homeostasis, takes place at the intestinal lymphoid tissue such as the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). Here, we investigated the presence of bacterial DNA in MLNs of control and cirrhotic rats and its relationship with inflammatory responses. Methods:The MLN microbiome of cirrhotic rats with ascites, which was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), was compared to that of control rats using quantitative real-time PCR and pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Cytokines in blood samples were assessed by ELISA. Results:Unexpectedly, sequence analysis revealed a high microbial diversity in the MLNs of both control and cirrhotic rats with Proteobacteria as one of the most dominant phylum. CCl4-induced liver injury was not associated with a change in bacterial load, but it was linked to a decrease in microbial diversity (p < 0.05) and alterations in the microbial community in MLNs. A high proportion of Bifidobacterium animaliswas also positively correlated with elevated interleukin-10 expression (p = 0.002, false discovery rate = 0.03, r = 0.94). Conclusions:For the first time, the high microbial diversity observed in MLNs of both controls and CCl4-induced cirrhotic rats provides evidence that bacterial translocation is more than a mere dichotomic phenomenon.© 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel
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- 2014
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111. Human gut microbes impact host serum metabolome and insulin sensitivity
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Pedersen, Helle Krogh, Gudmundsdottir, Valborg, Nielsen, Henrik Bjørn, Hyotylainen, Tuulia, Nielsen, Trine, Jensen, Benjamin A H, Forslund, Kristoffer, Hildebrand, Falk, Prifti, Edi, Falony, Gwen, Le Chatelier, Emmanuelle, Levenez, Florence, Dore, Joel, Mattila, Ismo, Plichta, Damian R, Pöhö, Päivi, Hellgren, Lars I, Arumugam, Manimozhiyan, Sunagawa, Shinichi, Vieira-Silva, Sara, Jørgensen, Torben, Holm, Jacob Bak, Trošt, Kajetan, Kristiansen, Karsten, Brix, Susanne, Raes, Jeroen, Wang, Jun, Hansen, Torben, Bork, Peer, Brunak, Søren, Oresic, Matej, Ehrlich, S. Dusko, Pedersen, Oluf, MetaHIT Consortium, ., Almeida, Mathieu, Batto, Jean-Michel, Blottiere, Hervé, Cultrone, Antonietta, Delorme, Christine, Dervyn, Rozenn, Guedon, Eric, Haimet, Florence, Jamet, Alexandre, Juste, Catherine, Kennedy, Sean, Kaci, Ghalia, Kleerebezem, Michiel, Layec, Séverine, Leclerc, Marion, Léonard, Pierre, Maguin, Emmanuelle, Manichanh, Chaysavanh, Pons, Nicolas, Renault, Pierre, Sanchez, Nicolas, Van De Guchte, Maarten, Van Hylckama Vlieg, Johan, Vandemeulebrouck, Gaetana, Winogradsky, Yohanan, Center for Biological Sequence Analysis - Department of Systems Biology, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), University of Denmark, Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku-Åbo Academy University, Åbo Akademi University [Turku], Örebro University, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research (CBMR), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine - Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp (UA), Center for the Biology of Disease, VIB, MetaGenoPolis, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Research Unit on Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases (ICAN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centter for the Biology of Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Steno Diabetes Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Institute of Microbiology, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Centre for the Biology of Disease, Research Centre for Prevention and Health - Centre for Health, Glostrup Hospital, Beijing Genomics Institute [Shenzhen] (BGI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel [Bruxelles] (VUB), Princess Al Jawhara Albrahim Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Macau University of Science and Technology (MUST), Department of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg University, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine [Berlin] (MDC), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Disease Systems Biology [Copenhagen], Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research (CPR), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Centre for Biotechnology, Silesian University of Technology, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre for Host–Microbiome Interactions - Dental Institute Central Office, King‘s College London, Guys Hospital, Génie et Microbiologie des Procédés Alimentaires (GMPA), Département Microbiologie et Chaîne Alimentaire (MICA), Danone Research, Groupe Danone, International Human Microbiome Standards [FP7-HEALTH-2010-261376], Metagenopolis [ANR-11-DPBS-0001], Novo Nordisk Foundation, Lundbeck Foundation, European Project: 222720,EC | FP7 | SP1 | KBBE ,FP7-KBBE-2007-2A,TORNADO(2009), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Jouy-en-Josas, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Cardiovasculaires, du Métabolisme et de la Nutrition = Institute of cardiometabolism and nutrition (ICAN), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Université de Lausanne (UNIL), BGI Shenzhen, Vrije University, University of Heidelberg, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, US 1367 MGP MetaGénoPolis, Laboratory of Microbiology, CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], European Project: 201052, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Microbial Interactions, Department of Bio-engineering Sciences, and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Prevotella ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ,Bacteroides/physiology ,Type 2 diabetes ,Fasting/blood ,SERUM ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,insulin resistance ,Bacteroides ,Netherlands ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Prevotella/physiology ,Fasting ,3. Good health ,Cardiovascular diseases ,Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism ,Metabolome ,Amino Acids, Branched-Chain/biosynthesis ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Glyco-Forum Section ,Serum/metabolism ,mice ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,metagenome ,03 medical and health sciences ,Insulin resistance ,Internal medicine ,Glucose Intolerance ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Microbiome ,Glucose Intolerance/blood ,ta1182 ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,Metagenome ,Insulin Resistance ,Amino Acids, Branched-Chain - Abstract
MetaHIT Consortium: Almeida M, Antolin M, Artiguenave F, Batto JM, Bertalan M, Blottiere H, Boruel N, Brechot C, Bruls T, Burgdorf K, Casellas F, Cultrone A, de Vos WM, Delorme C, Denariaraz G., Derrien M, Dervyn R, Feng Q, Grarup N, Guarner F, Guedon E, Haimet F, Jamet A, Juncker A, Juste C, Kennedy S, Khaci G, Kleerebezem M, Knoll J, Layec S, Leclerc M, Leonard P, LePaslier D, m'Rini C, Maguin E, Manichanh C, Mende D, Merieux A, Oozer R, Parkhill J, Pelletier E, POns N, QinJ, rasmussen S, Renault P, Rescigno M, Sanchez N, Sicheritz-Ponten T, Tap J, Tims S, Torrejon A, Turner K, van de Guchet M, van hylckama Vlieg JE, Vandemeulebrouck G, Varela E, Veiga P, Weissenbach J, Winogradski Y, Yamada T, Zoetendal EG; Insulin resistance is a forerunner state of ischaemic cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Here we show how the human gut microbiome impacts the serum metabolome and associates with insulin resistance in 277 non-diabetic Danish individuals. The serum metabolome of insulin-resistant individuals is characterized by increased levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), which correlate with a gut microbiome that has an enriched biosynthetic potential for BCAAs and is deprived of genes encoding bacterial inward transporters for these amino acids. Prevotella copri and Bacteroides vulgatus are identified as the main species driving the association between biosynthesis of BCAAs and insulin resistance, and in mice we demonstrate that P. copri can induce insulin resistance, aggravate glucose intolerance and augment circulating levels of BCAAs. Our findings suggest that microbial targets may have the potential to diminish insulin resistance and reduce the incidence of common metabolic and cardiovascular disorders.
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112. Dysbiosis: an indicator of COVID-19 severity in critically ill patients
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Silvia Cuenca, Zaida Soler, Gerard Serrano-Gómez, Zixuan Xie, Jordi Barquinero, Joaquim Roca, Jose-Maria Sirvent, Chaysavanh Manichanh, European Commission, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Soler, Zaida, Serrano-Gómez, Gerard, and Manichanh, Chaysavanh
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Severe COVID-19 cases in ICU ,Gut and lung ,Organic Chemistry ,Composition and load ,General Medicine ,Catalysis ,Bacterial and fungal microbiome ,Computer Science Applications ,Inorganic Chemistry ,Mechanical ventilation ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,gut and lung ,bacterial and fungal microbiome ,composition and load ,severe COVID-19 cases in ICU ,mechanical ventilation ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
Background: Research into the association between the microbiome and SARS-CoV-2 infection and acute respiratory distress syndrome remains unclear. Here we examined the dynamics of the gut and respiratory microbiomes in severe COVID-19 cases in need of mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: We recruited 76 critically ill patients (48 with COVID-19 and 32 without COVID-19) and 17 healthy controls (HCs) and monitored them for up to 4 weeks. We analyzed the bacterial and fungal taxonomic profiles and loads of 232 gut and respiratory samples and we measured blood levels of Interleukin 6, IgG, and IgM in COVID-19 patients. Results: At ICU admission, bacterial composition and load in the gut and respiratory samples were altered in critically ill patients compared to HCs. Six bacterial species could discriminate ICU-COV(+) from ICU-COV(-) cases. During their time in the ICU, all patients experienced increased bacterial and fungal loads, decreased bacterial richness, and progressive changes in bacterial and fungal taxonomic profiles. In ICU-COV(+) patients, Pseudomonas was found positively and Streptococcus negatively correlated with the length of ICU stay. Respiratory bacterial signatures, associated with disease severity and inflammation markers, were predictive of death and a fecal dysbiosis score, associated negatively with PaO2/FiO2 ratio, could be used as an additional indicator for ICU admission. Conclusion: We propose using a high-throughput sequencing approach as an alternative to traditional isolation techniques to monitor the ICU-COV(+) patient infection., Zixuan Xie received a fellowship from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action, Innovative Training Network: FunHoMic; grant number 812969. Chaysavanh Manichanh received a grant from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III/FEDER (PI17/00614; PI20/00130)
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- 2022
113. Design and validation of a short food frequency questionnaire to relate diet with the gut microbiota
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Yáñez Araya, Francisca, Manichanh, Chaysavanh, and Guarner, Carlos
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Questionnaire ,Food ,Alimentari ,Alimentario ,Microbiota ,Qüestionari ,616.3 ,Ciències de la Salut ,Cuestionario - Abstract
La dieta és reconeguda com el principal impulsor dels canvis en la microbiota intestinal. Sense embargo, vincular la ingesta dietètica habitual amb la composició i l’activitat del microbioma sigue siendo un desafiament, el que deixa a la majoria dels estudis de microbioma amb poca o cap informació dietètica. Per llenar este vacío de conocimiento, llevamos a cabo dos estudios consecutivos (n = 84): un primer estudio piloto (n = 40) per construir un breu QFCA semicuantitativo via web (bQFCA) basat en tres recordatoris dietéticos de 24 horas (24HRs) ; un estudio (n = 44) va servir per validar el bQFCA recentment desenvolupat utilitzant tres 24HR com a mètode de referència i per a relacionar el perfil del microbioma intestinal (gen 16S rRNA) amb les dades extretes de la dieta i l’estil de vida. El análisis de validación relativa proporcionó una clasificación y un acuerdo aceptables para 13 de 24 (54 %) grupos de alimentos y 20 de 29 nutrientes (69 %) según el coeficiente de correlación intraclase, la clasificación cruzada, la correlación de Spearman, la prueba de Wilcoxon i anàlisi de Bland-Altman. L’anàlisi de microbiomes mostró que una major diversitat va associar positivament amb l’edat, la part vaginal i la ingesta de fruites. En contrast, la diversitat microbiana s’associa negativament amb l’IMC, les carnes processades, els menjars llistes per a consumir, el sodi i les grasses saturades. El nostre anàlisi també va revelar una correlació entre els grups d’aliments o nutrients i composició microbiana. En general, proporcionem la primera eina d’avaluació dietètica que es validarà i correlacionarà amb dades de microbioma per a estudis de població. La dieta es reconocida como el principal impulsor de los cambios en la microbiota intestinal. Sin embargo, vincular la ingesta dietética habitual con la composición y actividad del microbioma sigue siendo un desafío, lo que deja a la mayoría de los estudios de microbioma con poca o ninguna información dietética. Para llenar este vacío de conocimiento, llevamos a cabo dos estudios consecutivos (n = 84): un primer estudio piloto (n = 40) para construir un breve CFCA semicuantitativo via web (bCFCA) basado en tres recordatorios dietéticos de 24 horas (24HRs); un segundo estudio (n = 44) sirvió para validar el bCFCA recientemente desarrollado utilizando tres 24HR como método de referencia y para relacionar el perfil del microbioma intestinal (gen 16S rRNA) con los datos extraídos de la dieta y el estilo de vida. El análisis de validación relativa proporcionó una clasificación y un acuerdo aceptables para 13 de 24 (54 %) grupos de alimentos y 20 de 29 nutrientes (69 %) según el coeficiente de correlación intraclase, la clasificación cruzada, la correlación de Spearman, la prueba de Wilcoxon y análisis de Bland-Altman. El análisis de microbiomas mostró que una mayor diversidad se asoció positivamente con la edad, el parto vaginal y la ingesta de frutas. En contraste, la diversidad microbiana se asoció negativamente con el IMC, las carnes procesadas, las comidas listas para consumir, el sodio y las grasas saturadas. Nuestro análisis también reveló una correlación entre los grupos de alimentos o nutrientes y composición microbiana. En general, proporcionamos la primera herramienta de evaluación dietética que se validará y correlacionará con datos de microbioma para estudios de población. Diet is recognised as the main driver of changes in gut microbiota. However, linking habitual dietary intake to microbiome composition and activity remains a challenge, leaving most microbiome studies with little or no dietary information. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted two consecutive studies (n = 84): a first pilot study (n = 40) to build a web-based, semi-quantitative simplified FFQ (sFFQ) based on three 24-h dietary recalls (24HRs); a second study (n = 44) served to validate the newly developed sFFQ using three 24HRs as reference method and to relate gut microbiome profiling (16S rRNA gene) with the extracted dietary and lifestyle data. Relative validation analysis provided acceptable classification and agreement for 13 out of 24 (54%) food groups and 20 out of 29 nutrients (69%) based on intraclass correlation coefficient, cross-classification, Spearman’s correlation, Wilcoxon test, and Bland-Altman analysis. Microbiome analysis showed that higher diversity was positively associated with age, vaginal birth, and intake of fruit. In contrast, microbial diversity was negatively associated with BMI, processed meats, ready-to-eat meals, sodium, and saturated fat. Our analysis also revealed a correlation between food groups or nutrients and microbial composition. Overall, we provide the first dietary assessment tool to be validated and correlated with microbiome data for population studies. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Medicina
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- 2022
114. Gut microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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Elias Vidal, Andrea, Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Vegas Lozano, Esteban, and Manichanh, Chaysavanh
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Programari ,Ulcerative colitis ,Machine learning ,Matemàtiques i estadística [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Computer software ,Microbiome ,16S rRNA gene ,68 Computer science::68N Software [Classificació AMS] ,digestive system diseases ,Inflammatory bowel disease ,Crohn s disease ,Random forest - Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease with periods of active and inactive inflammation that constitutes to an important health problem worldwide. It is divided in two subtypes: Crohn s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) that present similar symptoms but different clinical manifestations. IBD has been widely associated with an alteration of the gut microbiome composition. Nevertheless, there is no clear consensus on the microbial pattern characteristic of the disorders. A cohort of 356 fecal samples from non-IBD controls and IBD patients was analyzed, applying a 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach to compare the fecal microbiome composition. Fecal and fungal loads were also obtained using real-time PCR amplification of the ITS2 region and the 16S rRNA gene, respectively. We combined the microbial data, demographic and standard laboratory data to discriminate CD and UC and to predict disease relapse implementing the random forest machine learning method.
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- 2020
115. Functional profiling of the human gut microbiome using metatranscriptomic approach
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Martínez Serrano, Xavier, Manichanh, Chaysavanh, Vargas Blasco, Víctor, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Medicina
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Metatranscriptomica ,Ciències de la Salut ,Inflamatory bowel disease ,Metatranscriptomics - Abstract
Fins ara, les aproximacions meta-òmiques utilitzen tecnologies de seqüenciació d'alt rendiment, que produeixen una quantitat enorme de dades, desafiant així els ordinadors moderns actuals. Hem desenvolupat una nova pipeline (unió de diverses eines per realitzar una determinada tasca) de codi obert, que hem anomenat MetaTrans, per analitzar l'estructura i les funcions de les comunitats microbianes actives utilitzant la potència dels ordinadors multi-fil. La pipeline està dissenyada per realitzar dos tipus d'anàlisis de seqüenciació de RNA (RNA-Seq): el taxonòmic i el d’expressió gènica. Fa un control de qualitat, elimina l’rRNA, alinea lectures de seqüenciació (anomenades reads) contra bases de dades funcionals i també dur a terme anàlisis d’expressió gènica diferencial. La seva eficàcia va ser validada per mitjà de l'anàlisi de dades de simulacions sintètiques de comunitats, dades generades en un altre estudi de la síndrome de l'intestí irritable (SII), i comparant amb un estudi, publicat recentment, sobre metagenòmica i metatranscriptòmica. En comparació amb un servidor d'aplicacions web existent, MetaTrans mostra més eficiència en termes de temps d'execució (al voltant de 2 hores per milió de transcripcions) i presenta eines adaptades per comparar nivells d'expressió gènica. S'ha provat amb una base de dades de microbioma de l'intestí humà, però també proposa una opció per utilitzar una base de dades general per tal d'analitzar altres ecosistemes. Per a la instal·lació i l'ús de la pipeline, proporcionem una guia detallada a la següent pàgina web (www.metatrans.org). A continuació, vam utilitzar aquesta pipeline per investigar els perfils taxonòmics i funcionals de la microbiota activa en pacients amb la malaltia de Crohn (MC) i colitis ulcerosa (CU), dues formes principals de la malaltia inflamatòria intestinal (MII). Per a aquest propòsit, els controls sans i els pacients amb MC i CU van proporcionar mostres fecals en dos punts de temps, en els quals es va generar el DNA complementari (cDNA) i es va seqüenciar. La nostra anàlisi de les dades seqüenciades va revelar que MC i la CU presentaven un diferent perfil actiu de microbioma tant a nivell taxonòmic com funcional. A més a més, els pacients amb MC van mostrar una major disbiosis que els pacients de amb CU. Els nostres resultats també van suggerir que la desregulació de diferents vies o rutes metabòliques relacionades amb el metabolisme dels àcids grassos de cadena curta i la supervivència cel·lular estava associada amb la gravetat de la malaltia. En conjunt, el nostre estudi proporciona una descripció molt completa de les funcions microbianes que són actives, i prepara el camí per a futures investigacions sobre la síndrome de l'intestí irritable i les malalties inflamatòries intestinals. To date, meta-omic approaches use high-throughput sequencing technologies, which produce a tremendous amount of data, thus challenging modern computers. We developed a new open-source pipeline, namely MetaTrans, to analyze the structure and functions of active microbial communities using the power of multi-threading computers. The pipeline is designed to perform two types of RNA-Seq analyses: taxonomic and gene expression. It performs quality-control assessment, rRNA removal, maps reads against functional databases and also handles differential gene expression analysis. Its efficacy was validated analyzing data from synthetic mock communities, data generated from a previous study on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and comparing with a recently published metagenomics and metatranscriptomics study. Compared to an existing web application server, MetaTrans shows more efficiency in terms of runtime (around 2 hours per million of transcripts) and presents adapted tools to compare gene expression levels. It has been tested with a human gut microbiome database but also proposes an option to use a general database in order to analyze other ecosystems. For the installation and use of the pipeline, we provide a detailed guide at the following website (www.metatrans.org). We next applied this pipeline to investigate the taxonomic and functional profilings of the active microbiota of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). For this purpose, healthy controls and patients with CD and UC provided fecal samples at two time points, from which cDNA were generated and sequenced. Our analysis of the sequence data revealed that CD and UC presented a distinct active microbiome profile at the taxonomic as well as functional level. Furthermore, CD patients showed greater dysbiosis than UC patients. Our results also suggested that dysregulations of different pathways related to the Short Chain Fatty Acids metabolism and cell survival were associated with disease severity. Altogether, our study provides a very comprehensive description of the active microbial functions and paves the way for future investigations on irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel diseases.
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- 2020
116. Metagenomics in inflammatory bowel disease
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Pozuelo del Río, Marta, Manichanh, Chaysavanh, Vargas Blasco, Víctor, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Medicina
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MII ,Metagenòmica ,Metagenomica ,Microbiota ,IBD ,EII ,616.3 ,Metagenomics ,Ciències de la Salut - Abstract
La microbiota intestinal desempeña un papel crucial en el manteniendo la homeostasis intesitnal. Alteraciones en la composición microbiana, también conocidas como disbisosis, pueden poner en peligro el estado de salud e incrementar el riesgo a padecer una enfermedad. Aunque muchas enfermedades se han asociado a cambios en la microbiota intestinal, todavía se desconoce si dichas alteraciones son la causa o la consecuencia de las patologías. La enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) es una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica que se caracteriza por periodos de inflamación y constituye un problema de salud dado. La EII presenta dos subtipos: enfermedad de Crohn y colitis ulcerosa, con síntomas similares pero diferentes manifestaciones clínicas. La EII se ha relacionado ampliamente con cambios en la microbiota intestinal. A pesar de los múltiples estudios que existen, no hay un claro consenso en el perfil microbiano asociado a la enfermedad. Las principales discordancias se dan entre las diferencias asociadas a enfermedad de Crohn y la colitis ulcerosa. Algunos investigadores han demostrado que la composición microbiana en colitis ulcerosa es muy similar a la de individuos sanos y ambas difieren de la composición de enfermos de Crohn. En cambio, otros investigadores han visto que las diferencias de colitis ulcerosa y Crohn respecto a sanos son muy similares por lo que consideran ambos subtipos como una única enfermedad (EII). El principal objetivo de esta tesis es determinar la disbiosis en una cohorte de EII española para evaluar hasta qué punto las funciones y composición microbiana difieren entre Crohn y colitis y si los datos de microbioma podrían emplearse como herramientas de diagnóstico. Para ello, analizamos muestras fecales de sanos, enfermos de Crohn y enfermos de colitis usando dos metodologías: secuenciación del gen 16SARNr (o 16S ADNr) y secuenciación por fragmentación del genoma. Como se preveía, observamos la presencia de disbiosis en EII. Además, vimos que las alteraciones en composición microbiana y funciones eran diferentes para Crohn que para colitis, mostrando una mayor disbiosis en Crohn que en enfermos de colitis ulcerosa y con colitis mostrando un patrón muy similar a la microbiota de individuos sanos. Los resultados funcionales encontrados en esta tesis confirman la mayor disbiosis descrita en pacientes de Crohn en comparación con pacientes de colitis ulcerosa en composición microbiana. Estos individuos presentan una mayor cantidad de genes principalmente asociados a metabolismo y enfermedades inmunes que los enfermos de colitis ulcerosa y sanos. A pesar de que los datos de 16S ADNr y secuenciación por fragmentación no detectaron las mismas diferencias entre Crohn y colitis, ambas metodologías permitieron la clasificación de los distintos subtipos de EII con una proporción similar. Más estudios son necesarios para validar los resultados de esta tesis en otras cohortes de pacientes que incluyan Crohn localizado en colon o pacientes recién diagnosticados que no hayan sido sometidos a tratamiento antes de la aplicación de estas metodologías como herramientas diagnósticas en clínica. The gut commensal microbiota is known to play a crucial role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Alterations in the microbial community composition, also known as dysbiosis, may put health status in risk and increase susceptibility to diseases. Although several diseases have been related to shifts in the gut microbiome composition, it is still uncertain whether those alterations are the cause or consequence of the disease. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with periods of active and inactive inflammation that constitutes to an important health problem. It is divided in two subtypes: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) that present similar symptoms but different clinical manifestations. IBD has been widely associated with an alteration of the gut microbiome composition. Nevertheless, there is no clear consensus on the microbial pattern characteristic of the disorders. Main discordances between studies are related to differences between UC and CD. Some previous publications indicate that UC microbial composition is very similar to healthy and differs from CD whereas others consider both subtypes as a unique entity and find high alterations in UC and CD microbial composition in comparison with the microbiome of healthy individuals. The aim of this thesis was to characterize the dysbiosis in a Spanish IBD cohort to evaluate to which extend the gut microbiome composition and function could be differentiated between CD and UC and whether microbiome data could be used as diagnostic and prognostic tools. For this purpose, we analyzed fecal samples of healthy individuals, CD (affected in the ileum) and UC patients using two different methodologies: 16S rRNA gene (or 16S rDNA) and shotgun (short genomic fragments) sequencing. As expected, we observed the presence of dysbiosis in IBD. Furthermore, we showed that microbial composition and function alterations were different for CD and UC, with greater dysbiosis in CD than in UC and with UC resembling more to a healthy state. Functional findings also confirmed this higher dysbiosis in CD than in UC and revealed genes implicated in metabolism pathways and in immune diseases in higher abundance in CD compared with healthy individuals and UC. Although 16S rDNA and shotgun data did not detect differences in the dysbiosis in CD and UC in a consistent manner, both methodologies allowed the classification of IBD subtypes in a similar proportion. Future studies should validate these results using other patient cohorts such as colonic CD or recently diagnosed patients before the application of these techniques as diagnostic tools in clinical practice.
- Published
- 2019
117. Study of the alterations in the intestinal and extra-intestinal microbiome in rats and humans throughout the progression of cirrhosis
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Santiago Badenas, Alba, Manichanh, Chaysavanh, Soriano Pastor, Germán, Vargas Blasco, Víctor, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Medicina
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Cirrhosis ,Translocació bacteriana ,Translocación bacteriana ,616.3 ,Cirrosi ,Microbiome ,Cirrosis ,Bacterid translocation ,Ciències de la Salut ,Microbioma - Abstract
La microbiota intestinal desempeña un papel fundamental en el desarrollo del sistema inmune y en el mantenimiento de la homeostasis del huésped suprimiendo las respuestas a los patógenos y reforzando la integridad de las funciones de la barrera intestinal. Por lo tanto, una dysbiosis, descrita como una desviación en la composición y función, puede afectar al estado de salud y a la susceptibilidad a enfermedades. Diferentes patologías se han asociado con cambios en la composición de la microbiota intestinal, sin embargo, si la dysbiosis es un factor contribuyente o una consecuencia de la enfermedad todavía es incierto. La cirrosis se considera un importante problema de salud pública, siendo una enfermedad progresiva y crónica caracterizada por una inflamación asociada con la muerte de las células hepáticas y fibrosis, conduciendo a una disfunción celular y a hipertensión portal. Se sabe que la microbiota intestinal desempeña un papel importante en la cirrosis, siendo la translocación bacteriana un factor clave en la patogénesis y sus complicaciones. La translocación bacteriana se define como la migración de bacterias viables o sus productos del tracto gastrointestinal a los ganglios linfáticos mesentéricos y otros sitios extra-intestinales. Alteraciones en la microbiota intestinal normal, un deterioro del estado inmunitario y el daño en la barrera intestinal con el consecuente aumento en la permeabilidad, son los diferentes mecanismos implicados en esta translocación. Se hipotetiza que las alteraciones de la composición microbiana podrían favorecer la translocación bacteriana y activar una respuesta inmunitaria con la consiguiente liberación de citocinas y una respuesta inflamatoria que crea una retroalimentación en la que la translocación bacteriana promueve sus propios mecanismos causales. Dado que la translocación bacteriana no se ha estudiado extensamente en humanos y se sabe muy poco sobre el microbioma de los sitios extra-intestinales, realizamos dos estudios en humanos y animales para comprender mejor la relevancia de este fenómeno en la cirrosis hepática. En el primer estudio, concluimos que la comunidad microbiana del suero y líquido ascítico es específico y complejo. Además, proponemos que la alteración de la composición microbiana en suero y heces podría considerarse un indicador de progresión de la cirrosis. En el segundo estudio, demostramos que los cambios del microbioma en el contenido intestinal se asocian con cambios microbianos en los ganglios linfáticos mesentéricos y un aumento en la producción de citoquinas, proporcionando evidencia adicional del rol del eje hepato-intestinal e inmunidad en la progresión de la cirrosis. The intestinal microbiota is known to play a pivotal role in the development of the host immune system and in the maintenance of host homeostasis by suppressing responses to pathogens and by enforcing the integrity of the barrier functions of the gut mucosa. Therefore, dysbiosis, described as the deviation in the composition and function of the gut microbiome, may affect the human health status and disease susceptibility. Different pathologies have been associated with changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, however, whether dysbiosis is a contributing factor or a consequence of the disease is still uncertain. Cirrhosis is considered an important public health problem and is a progressive and chronic condition characterised by inflammation associated with dying hepatic cells and fibrosis, which lead to cellular dysfunction and portal hypertension. It is known that gut microbiota plays an important role in cirrhosis, bacterial translocation being a key factor in the pathogenesis and its complications. Bacterial translocation is defined as the migration of viable bacteria or their products from the gastrointestinal tract to mesenteric lymph nodes and other extra-intestinal sites. Alterations of the normal intestinal microbiota, impairment of the immune status, and damage of the gut barrier that increases permeability, are the different mechanisms involved in translocation. It is hypothesised that alterations of microbial composition could favour bacterial translocation and activate an immune response with the consequent release of cytokines and an inflammatory response creating a feedback in which bacterial translocation promotes its own causative mechanisms. Since bacterial translocation has not been extensively studied in humans and very little is known about the microbiome of extra-intestinal sites in patients with cirrhosis, we performed two studies in both humans and animals, to better understand the relevance of this phenomenon in liver cirrhosis. In the first study, we conclude that serum and ascitic fluid of patients with cirrhosis contain a complex and specific microbial community. Moreover, we propose that alteration of the serum and faecal microbiome composition could be considered indicators of cirrhosis progression. In the second study, we conclude that microbiome changes in intestinal sites are associated with microbial shifts in the mesenteric lymph nodes as well as an increase in cytokine production, providing further evidence of the role of the gut-liver-immunity axis in the progression of cirrhosis.
- Published
- 2018
118. Perturbations in the human gut microbiome with antibiotic therapy and intestinal disorders
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Panda, Suchita, Manichanh, Chaysavanh, Vilaseca Momplet, Jaume, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Departament de Medicina
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Microbiota intestinal ,Antibiòtics ,Microbiome ,Antibióticos ,Ciències de la Salut ,Microbioma - Abstract
La microbiota intestinal es un factor determinante de la homeostasis intestinal, siendo por lo tanto un agente imprescindible del estado de salud. Su composición podría estar alterada como consecuencia de factores externos tales como tratamientos con antibióticos o causada por enfermedades intestinales como el síndrome del intestino irritable (SII). Esta tesis doctoral se centró en la comprensión de la alteración de esta ecología microbiana con respecto a una terapia con antibióticos y la presencia de movimientos intestinales modificados en personas que sufren de síndrome de intestino irritable. Nuestros resultados mostraron que la baja diversidad surgida después del tratamiento con antibióticos fue asociada, inesperadamente, con un aumento de la carga bacteriana total. Sin embargo, sujetos afectados con SII, particularmente del subtipo diarreico, tenían menor diversidad bacteriana acompañada de una reducción de las bacterias productoras de butirato y de las productoras de metano comparado con sujetos sanos. En general los hallazgos de este estudio son que una administración incontrolada de antibióticos puede causar cambios severos en la composición de la comunidad bacteriana intestinal, favorecer el sobrecrecimiento de microbios resistentes y esta observación puede explicar que las alteraciones microbianas en etapas iniciales de la vida podrían llegar a desarrollar enfermedades intestinales., The intestinal microbiota is a key determinant of gut homeostasis, thereby being an imperative agent of health status. Its composition could be altered as a consequence of external factors such as antibiotic treatment or as a possible cause of intestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). In this doctoral thesis we focused on understanding to which extent antibiotic treatment could modify the gut microbiome and how an alteration of its composition could be associated with IBS. Our results showed that the lower diversity occurring after antibiotic treatment was unexpectedly associated with an increase of the overall microbial load. Furthermore, subjects suffering from IBS, particularly diarrhoea predominant subtype, had lower bacterial diversity accompanied by a reduced relative abundance of butyrate-producing and methanogenic microbes compared to healthy subjects. Altogether the findings of this study are that uncontrolled intake of antibiotics may cause tremendous changes in the gut microbial community composition, favouring the overgrowth of resistant microbes; and this observation may explain that alterations of the microbial composition earlier in life could lead to intestinal disorders.
- Published
- 2015
119. Microbiome composition recovery after liver transplantation correlates with initial liver disease severity and antibiotics treatment.
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Vega-Abellaneda S, Dopazo C, Yañez F, Soler Z, Xie Z, Canalda-Baltrons A, Pons-Tarín M, Bilbao I, and Manichanh C
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- Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Follow-Up Studies, Prognosis, Adult, Feces microbiology, Dysbiosis microbiology, Dysbiosis etiology, Severity of Illness Index, Bacteria isolation & purification, Bacteria genetics, Bacteria classification, Postoperative Complications microbiology, Case-Control Studies, Graft Survival, Aged, Tissue Donors, Liver Transplantation adverse effects, Gastrointestinal Microbiome drug effects, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, End Stage Liver Disease surgery
- Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) is crucial for end-stage liver disease, but it is linked to infection risks. Pathobionts, microorganisms potentially harmful under specific conditions, can cause complications posttransplant. Monitoring such pathogens in fecal samples can be challenging and therefore remains underexplored post-LT. This study aimed to analyze the gut microbiome before and after LT, tracking pathobionts and correlating clinical data. The study involved 17 liver transplant recipients, 17 healthy relatives (spouses), and 13 donors. Gut samples collected pretranplantation and posttransplantation underwent bacterial and fungal profiling through DNA sequencing. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to assess microbial load. Statistical analyses included alpha and beta diversity measures, differential abundance analysis, and correlation tests between microbiome and clinical parameters. Microbiome analysis revealed dynamic changes in diversity posttransplant. Notably, high-severity patients showed persistent and greater dysbiosis during the first months post-LT compared with low-severity patients, partly due to an antibiotic treatment pre-LT. The analysis identified a higher proportion of pathogens such as Escherichia coli/Shigella flexneri in high-severity cases posttransplant. Furthermore, butyrate producers including Roseburia intestinalis, Anaerostipes hadrus, and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes were positively correlated with levels of albumin. This study offers valuable insights into post-LT microbiome changes, shedding light on the need for tailored prophylactic treatment post-LT., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors of this manuscript have conflicts of interest to disclose as described by the American Journal of Transplantation: TEVA Pharmaceutical has partially funded the study., (Copyright © 2024 American Society of Transplantation & American Society of Transplant Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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120. GSR-DB: a manually curated and optimized taxonomical database for 16S rRNA amplicon analysis.
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Molano L-AG, Vega-Abellaneda S, and Manichanh C
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- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Databases, Factual, Archaea genetics, Bacteria genetics, Microbiota genetics
- Abstract
Amplicon-based 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing remains a widely used method to profile microbial communities, especially in low biomass samples, due to its cost-effectiveness and low-complexity approach. Reference databases are a mainstay for taxonomic assignments, which typically rely on popular databases such as SILVA, Greengenes, Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB), or Ribosomal Database Project (RDP). However, the inconsistency of the nomenclature across databases and the presence of shortcomings in the annotation of these databases are limiting the resolution of the analysis. To overcome these limitations, we created the GSR database (Greengenes, SILVA, and RDP database), an integrated and manually curated database for bacterial and archaeal 16S amplicon taxonomy analysis. Unlike previous integration approaches, this database creation pipeline includes a taxonomy unification step to ensure consistency in taxonomical annotations. The database was validated with three mock communities, two real data sets, and a 10-fold cross-validation method and compared with existing 16S databases such as Greengenes, Greengenes 2, GTDB, ITGDB, SILVA, RDP, and MetaSquare. Results showed that the GSR database enhances taxonomical annotations of 16S sequences, outperforming current 16S databases at the species level, based on the evaluation of the mock communities. This was confirmed by the 10-fold cross-validation, except for Greengenes 2. The GSR database is available for full-length 16S sequences and the most commonly used hypervariable regions: V4, V1-V3, V3-V4, and V3-V5.IMPORTANCETaxonomic assignments of microorganisms have long been hindered by inconsistent nomenclature and annotation issues in existing databases like SILVA, Greengenes, Greengenes2, Genome Taxonomy Database, or Ribosomal Database Project. To overcome these issues, we created Greengenes-SILVA-RDP database (GSR-DB), accurate and comprehensive taxonomic annotations of 16S amplicon data. Unlike previous approaches, our innovative pipeline includes a unique taxonomy unification step, ensuring consistent and reliable annotations. Our evaluation analyses showed that GSR-DB outperforms existing databases in providing species-level resolution, especially based on mock-community analysis, making it a game-changer for microbiome studies. Moreover, GSR-DB is designed to be accessible to researchers with limited computational resources, making it a powerful tool for scientists across the board. Available for full-length 16S sequences and commonly used hypervariable regions, including V4, V1-V3, V3-V4, and V3-V5, GSR-DB is a go-to database for robust and accurate microbial taxonomy analysis., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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- 2024
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121. Shotgun metagenomics reveals interkingdom association between intestinal bacteria and fungi involving competition for nutrients.
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Xie Z, Canalda-Baltrons A, d'Enfert C, and Manichanh C
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- Humans, Fungi genetics, Bacteria genetics, Metagenomics methods, Nutrients, Microbiota, Mycobiome genetics
- Abstract
Background: The accuracy of internal-transcribed-spacer (ITS) and shotgun metagenomics has not been robustly evaluated, and the effect of diet on the composition and function of the bacterial and fungal gut microbiome in a longitudinal setting has been poorly investigated. Here we compared two approaches to study the fungal community (ITS and shotgun metagenomics), proposed an enrichment protocol to perform a reliable mycobiome analysis using a comprehensive in-house fungal database, and correlated dietary data with both bacterial and fungal communities., Results: We found that shotgun DNA sequencing after a new enrichment protocol combined with the most comprehensive and novel fungal databases provided a cost-effective approach to perform gut mycobiome profiling at the species level and to integrate bacterial and fungal community analyses in fecal samples. The mycobiome was significantly more variable than the bacterial community at the compositional and functional levels. Notably, we showed that microbial diversity, composition, and functions were associated with habitual diet composition instead of driven by global dietary changes. Our study indicates a potential competitive inter-kingdom interaction between bacteria and fungi for food foraging., Conclusion: Together, our present work proposes an efficient workflow to study the human gut microbiome integrating robustly fungal, bacterial, and dietary data. These findings will further advance our knowledge of the interaction between gut bacteria and fungi and pave the way for future investigations in human mycobiome. Video Abstract., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
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122. Mutual modulation of gut microbiota and the immune system in type 1 diabetes models.
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Rosell-Mases E, Santiago A, Corral-Pujol M, Yáñez F, Varela E, Egia-Mendikute L, Arpa B, Cosovanu C, Panosa A, Serrano-Gómez G, Mora C, Verdaguer J, and Manichanh C
- Subjects
- Mice, Animals, Mice, Inbred NOD, B-Lymphocytes, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 genetics, Gastrointestinal Microbiome genetics, B-Lymphocyte Subsets
- Abstract
The transgenic 116C-NOD mouse strain exhibits a prevalent Th17 phenotype, and reduced type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared to non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. A cohousing experiment between both models revealed lower T1D incidence in NOD mice cohoused with 116C-NOD, associated with gut microbiota changes, reduced intestinal permeability, shifts in T and B cell subsets, and a transition from Th1 to Th17 responses. Distinct gut bacterial signatures were linked to T1D in each group. Using a RAG-2
-/- genetic background, we found that T cell alterations promoted segmented filamentous bacteria proliferation in young NOD and 116C-NOD, as well as in immunodeficient NOD.RAG-2-/- and 116C-NOD.RAG-2-/- mice across all ages. Bifidobacterium colonization depended on lymphocytes and thrived in a non-diabetogenic environment. Additionally, 116C-NOD B cells in 116C-NOD.RAG-2-/- mice enriched the gut microbiota in Adlercreutzia and reduced intestinal permeability. Collectively, these results indicate reciprocal modulation between gut microbiota and the immune system in rodent T1D models., (© 2023. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2023
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123. FunOMIC: Pipeline with built-in fungal taxonomic and functional databases for human mycobiome profiling.
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Xie Z and Manichanh C
- Abstract
While analysis of the bacterial microbiome has become routine, that of the fungal microbiome is still hampered by the lack of robust databases and bioinformatic pipelines. Here, we present FunOMIC, a pipeline with built-in taxonomic (1.6 million marker genes) and functional (3.4 million non-redundant fungal proteins) databases for the identification of fungi. Applied to more than 2,600 human metagenomic samples, the tool revealed fungal species associated with geography, body sites, and diseases. Correlation network analysis provided new insights into inter-kingdom interactions. With this pipeline and two of the most comprehensive fungal databases, we foresee a fast-growing resource for mycobiome studies., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2022 The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2022
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124. Colonic bacterial diversity and dysbiosis in active microscopic colitis as compared to chronic diarrhoea and healthy controls: effect of polyethylene glycol after bowel lavage for colonoscopy.
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Batista L, Robles V, Manichanh C, Ruiz L, Guagnozzi D, Pinsach F, Guarner F, and Fernández-Bañares F
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- Bile Acids and Salts, Colonoscopy, Diarrhea complications, Humans, Polyethylene Glycols therapeutic use, Therapeutic Irrigation, Colitis, Microscopic, Dysbiosis
- Abstract
Background: Most microbiota studies in microscopic colitis patients are performed after diagnostic colonoscopy without considering the potential effect of colonic lavage. Patients may achieve clinical remission after colonoscopy and it is unknown whether lavage-induced changes play a role., Aim: To assess the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) colonic lavage on clinical remission rate, microbial diversity, microbial dysbiosis index and specific microbial changes in patients with active microscopic colitis as compared to other diarrhoeal diseases and healthy controls., Methods: Fifty-five consecutive patients presenting chronic watery diarrhoea and 12 healthy controls were included. Faecal samples were collected three days before and 30 days after PEG in patients and controls for microbiome analysis., Results: Clinical remission was observed in 53% of microscopic colitis patients, and in 32% of non-microscopic colitis patients (p = 0.16). Considering patients with persisting diarrhoea after colonoscopy, 71% of non-microscopic colitis patients had bile acid diarrhoea. Baseline Shannon Index was lower in diarrhoea groups than in healthy controls (p = 0.0025); there were no differences between microscopic colitis, bile-acid diarrhoea and functional diarrhoea. The microbial dysbiosis index was significantly higher in microscopic colitis than in bile acid diarrhoea plus functional diarrhoea (p = 0.0095), but no bacterial species showed a significantly different relative abundance among the diarrheal groups., Conclusions: Dysbiosis is a feature in active microscopic colitis, but loss of microbial diversity was similar in all diarrheal groups, suggesting that faecal microbial changes are not due to microscopic colitis itself but associated with stool form. A considerable number of microscopic colitis patients achieved clinical remission after colonoscopy, but we were unable to demonstrate related PEG-induced changes in faecal microbiome., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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125. Human gut metatranscriptome changes induced by a fermented milk product are associated with improved tolerance to a flatulogenic diet.
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Oyarzun I, Le Nevé B, Yañez F, Xie Z, Pichaud M, Serrano-Gómez G, Roca J, Veiga P, Azpiroz F, Tap J, and Manichanh C
- Abstract
Healthy plant-based diets rich in fermentable residues may induce gas-related symptoms, possibly mediated by the gut microbiota. We previously showed that consumption of a fermented milk product (FMP) containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CNCM I-2494 and lactic acid bacteria improved gastrointestinal (GI) comfort in response to a flatulogenic dietary challenge in healthy individuals. To study the effects of the FMP on gut microbiota activity from those participants, we conducted a metatranscriptomic analysis of fecal samples (n = 262), which were collected during the ingestion of a habitual diet and two series of a 3-day high-residue challenge diet, before and following 28-days of FMP consumption. Most of the FMP species were detected or found enriched upon consumption of the product. FMP mitigated the effect of a flatulogenic diet on gas-related symptoms in several ways. First, FMP consumption was associated with the depletion of gas-producing bacteria and increased hydrogen to methane conversion. It also led to the upregulation of activities such as replication and downregulation of functions related to motility and chemotaxis. Furthermore, upon FMP intake, metabolic activities such as carbohydrate metabolism, attributed to B. animalis and S. thermophilus, were enriched; these activities were coincidentally found to be negatively associated with several GI symptoms. Finally, a more connected microbial ecosystem or mutualistic relationship among microbes was found in responders to the FMP intervention. Taken together, these findings suggest that consumption of the FMP improved the tolerance of a flatulogenic diet through active interactions with the resident gut microbiota., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: BLN, JT, VP, and MP are Danone Nutricia Research employees. FA and CM have received research grants from Danone Nutricia Research. Other authors have nothing to disclose., (© 2022 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2022
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126. Dysbiosis and relapse-related microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease: A shotgun metagenomic approach.
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Serrano-Gómez G, Mayorga L, Oyarzun I, Roca J, Borruel N, Casellas F, Varela E, Pozuelo M, Machiels K, Guarner F, Vermeire S, and Manichanh C
- Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two main forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), affect several million people worldwide. CD and UC are characterized by periods of clinical remission and relapse. Although IBD patients present chronic alterations of the gut microbiome, called dysbiosis, little attention has been devoted to the relapse-related microbiome. To address this gap, we generated shotgun metagenomic data from the stools of two European cohorts-134 Spanish (followed up for one year) and 49 Belgian (followed up for 6 months) subjects-to characterize the microbial taxonomic and metabolic profiles present. To assess the predictive value of microbiome data, we added the taxonomic profiles generated from a previous study of 130 Americans. Our results revealed that CD was more dysbiotic than UC compared to healthy controls (HC) and that strategies for energy extraction and propionate production were different in CD compared to UC and HC. Remarkably, CD and UC relapses were not associated with alpha- or beta-diversity, or with a dysbiotic score. However, CD relapse was linked to alterations at the species and metabolic pathway levels, including those involved in propionate production. The random forest method using taxonomic profiles allowed the prediction of CD vs. non-CD with an AUC = 0.938, UC vs. HC with an AUC = 0.646, and CD relapse vs. remission with an AUC = 0.769. Our study validates previous taxonomic findings, points to different relapse-related growth and defence mechanisms in CD compared to UC and HC and provides biomarkers to discriminate IBD subtypes and predict disease activity., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2021 The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
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127. The impact of the Fungus-Host-Microbiota interplay upon Candida albicans infections: current knowledge and new perspectives.
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d'Enfert C, Kaune AK, Alaban LR, Chakraborty S, Cole N, Delavy M, Kosmala D, Marsaux B, Fróis-Martins R, Morelli M, Rosati D, Valentine M, Xie Z, Emritloll Y, Warn PA, Bequet F, Bougnoux ME, Bornes S, Gresnigt MS, Hube B, Jacobsen ID, Legrand M, Leibundgut-Landmann S, Manichanh C, Munro CA, Netea MG, Queiroz K, Roget K, Thomas V, Thoral C, Van den Abbeele P, Walker AW, and Brown AJP
- Subjects
- Candida albicans immunology, Candida albicans pathogenicity, Humans, Candidiasis immunology, Candidiasis microbiology, Host Microbial Interactions physiology, Microbial Interactions physiology
- Abstract
Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans. It exists as a commensal in the oral cavity, gut or genital tract of most individuals, constrained by the local microbiota, epithelial barriers and immune defences. Their perturbation can lead to fungal outgrowth and the development of mucosal infections such as oropharyngeal or vulvovaginal candidiasis, and patients with compromised immunity are susceptible to life-threatening systemic infections. The importance of the interplay between fungus, host and microbiota in driving the transition from C. albicans commensalism to pathogenicity is widely appreciated. However, the complexity of these interactions, and the significant impact of fungal, host and microbiota variability upon disease severity and outcome, are less well understood. Therefore, we summarise the features of the fungus that promote infection, and how genetic variation between clinical isolates influences pathogenicity. We discuss antifungal immunity, how this differs between mucosae, and how individual variation influences a person's susceptibility to infection. Also, we describe factors that influence the composition of gut, oral and vaginal microbiotas, and how these affect fungal colonisation and antifungal immunity. We argue that a detailed understanding of these variables, which underlie fungal-host-microbiota interactions, will present opportunities for directed antifungal therapies that benefit vulnerable patients., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS.)
- Published
- 2021
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128. Mucosal microbial load in Crohn's disease: A potential predictor of response to faecal microbiota transplantation.
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Sarrabayrouse G, Landolfi S, Pozuelo M, Willamil J, Varela E, Clark A, Campos D, Herrera C, Santiago A, Machiels K, Vermeire S, Martí M, Espin E, and Manichanh C
- Subjects
- Animals, Crohn Disease pathology, Cytokines metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Inflammation microbiology, Inflammation pathology, Intestinal Mucosa pathology, Mice, Models, Biological, Reproducibility of Results, Crohn Disease microbiology, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Feces microbiology, Intestinal Mucosa microbiology
- Abstract
Background: The remission of Crohn's disease (CD) can be accomplished by faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). However, this procedure has a low success rate, which could be attributed to mis-communication between recipient intestinal mucosa and donor microbiota., Methods: Here we used a human explant tissue model and an in vivo mouse model to examine changes in recipient intestinal mucosa upon contact with a faecal suspension (FS) obtained from a healthy donor. CD patients provided resected inflamed and non-inflamed mucosal tissues, whereas control colonic mucosa samples were collected from colorectal cancer patients. For the models, mucosal microbiome composition and tissue response were evaluated., Findings: We show that cytokine release and tissue damage were significantly greater in inflamed compared to non-inflamed CD tissues. Moreover, mucosal samples harbouring an initial low microbial load presented a shift in composition towards that of the FS, an increase in the relative count of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and a higher secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 compared to those with a high microbial load., Interpretation: Our results indicate that FMT during active inflammatory disease can compromise treatment outcome. We recommend the stratification of FMT recipients on the basis of tissue microbial load as a strategy to ensure successful colonization., Funding: This study was supported by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III/FEDER (PI17/00614), the European Commission: (INCOMED-267128) and PERIS (SLT002/16). K.M. is a postdoctoral fellow and S.V. a senior clinical investigator of the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders, Belgium (FWO-Vlaanderen)., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No conflict of interest. The sponsor of this study had no role in its design or in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
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129. Altered host-gut microbes symbiosis in severely malnourished anorexia nervosa (AN) patients undergoing enteral nutrition: An explicative factor of functional intestinal disorders?
- Author
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Hanachi M, Manichanh C, Schoenenberger A, Pascal V, Levenez F, Cournède N, Doré J, and Melchior JC
- Subjects
- Adult, Case-Control Studies, Feces microbiology, Female, Humans, Intestinal Diseases, Male, Middle Aged, Symbiosis, Young Adult, Anorexia Nervosa complications, Anorexia Nervosa epidemiology, Anorexia Nervosa therapy, Dysbiosis epidemiology, Dysbiosis etiology, Dysbiosis microbiology, Enteral Nutrition, Gastrointestinal Microbiome physiology, Malnutrition epidemiology, Malnutrition etiology, Malnutrition therapy
- Abstract
Background: Functional intestinal disorders (FIDs) are frequently observed in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). Relationship between FIDs and a potential gut microbiota dysbiosis has been poorly explored., Objective: We aimed to determine an association between FIDs severity and dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota in a severely malnourished patient population with AN undergoing enteral nutrition., Design: Faecal microbiota of AN (DSM IVr criteria) female inpatients were collected and compared to healthy controls based on 16S rRNA profiling. The severity of FIDs was evaluated in patients and healthy controls using Francis Score., Results: Thirty-three patients (BMI: 11,7 ± 1,5; Age: 32 ± 12) and 22 healthy controls (BMI: 21 ± 2; age: 36 ± 12) were included. A marked dysbiosis was identified in AN patients compared to healthy controls (p = 0.03). Some potentially pathogenic bacterial genera (Klebsiella, Salmonella) were more abundant in AN patients whereas, other bacterial symbionts (Eubacterium and Roseburia) involved in immune balance were significantly less abundant in patients than controls. Severity of FIDs was strongly correlated with several microbial genera (r = -0.581 for an unknown genus belonging to Peptostreptococcaceae family; r = 0.392 for Dialister, r = 0.444 for Robinsoniella and r = 0.488 for Enterococcus). Other associations between dysbiosis, clinical and biological characteristics were identified including severity of undernutrition (BMI)., Conclusion: Observed gut microbiota dysbiosis in malnourished patients with anorexia nervosa is correlated with the severity of FIDs and other metabolic disturbances, which strongly suggests an altered host-microbe symbiosis., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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130. A single faecal microbiota transplantation modulates the microbiome and improves clinical manifestations in a rat model of colitis.
- Author
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Lleal M, Sarrabayrouse G, Willamil J, Santiago A, Pozuelo M, and Manichanh C
- Subjects
- Animals, Biodiversity, Biomarkers, Biopsy, Colitis pathology, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases etiology, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases pathology, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases therapy, Intestinal Mucosa metabolism, Intestinal Mucosa microbiology, Intestinal Mucosa pathology, Male, Mice, Rats, Treatment Outcome, Colitis etiology, Colitis therapy, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation methods, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Microbial Interactions
- Abstract
Background: Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a novel potential therapy for inflammatory bowel diseases, but it is poorly characterised., Methods: We evaluated the performance of the mouse and rat as a pre-clinical model for human microbiota engraftment. We then characterised the effect of a single human stool transfer (HST) on a humanised model of DSS-induced colitis. Colonic and faecal microbial communities were analysed using the 16S rRNA approach and clinical manifestations were assessed in a longitudinal setting., Findings: The microbial community of rats showed greater similarity to that of humans, while the microbiome of mice showed less similarity to that of humans. Moreover, rats captured more human microbial species than mice after a single HST. Using the rat model, we showed that HST compensated faecal dysbiosis by restoring alpha-diversity and by increasing the relative abundance of health-related microbial genera. To some extent, HST also modulated the microbial composition of colonic tissue. These faecal and colonic microbial communities alterations led to a relative restoration of colon length, and a significant decrease in both epithelium damage and disease severity. Remarkably, stopping inflammation by removing DSS before HST caused a faster and greater recovery of both microbiome and clinical manifestation features., Interpretation: Our results indicate that the rat outperforms the mouse as a model for human microbiota engraftment and show that the efficacy of HST can be enhanced when inflammation stimulation is withdrawn. Finally, our findings support a new therapeutic strategy based on the use FMT combined with anti-inflammatory drugs., (Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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131. Transcriptional interactions suggest niche segregation among microorganisms in the human gut.
- Author
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Plichta DR, Juncker AS, Bertalan M, Rettedal E, Gautier L, Varela E, Manichanh C, Fouqueray C, Levenez F, Nielsen T, Doré J, Machado AM, de Evgrafov MC, Hansen T, Jørgensen T, Bork P, Guarner F, Pedersen O, Sommer MO, Ehrlich SD, Sicheritz-Pontén T, Brunak S, and Nielsen HB
- Subjects
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters genetics, Bifidobacterium bifidum genetics, Bifidobacterium bifidum metabolism, Butyrates metabolism, Carbon Dioxide metabolism, Denmark, Feces microbiology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome physiology, Humans, Metabolic Networks and Pathways genetics, Spain, Systems Analysis, Gastrointestinal Microbiome genetics, Gene Expression Profiling, Metagenome, Microbial Interactions genetics, Microbial Interactions physiology
- Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the habitat for hundreds of microbial species, of which many cannot be cultivated readily, presumably because of the dependencies between species
1 . Studies of microbial co-occurrence in the gut have indicated community substructures that may reflect functional and metabolic interactions between cohabiting species2,3 . To move beyond species co-occurrence networks, we systematically identified transcriptional interactions between pairs of coexisting gut microbes using metagenomics and microarray-based metatranscriptomics data from 233 stool samples from Europeans. In 102 significantly interacting species pairs, the transcriptional changes led to a reduced expression of orthologous functions between the coexisting species. Specific species-species transcriptional interactions were enriched for functions important for H2 and CO2 homeostasis, butyrate biosynthesis, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, flagella assembly and bacterial chemotaxis, as well as for the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids and cofactors. The analysis gives the first insight into the microbial community-wide transcriptional interactions, and suggests that the regulation of gene expression plays an important role in species adaptation to coexistence and that niche segregation takes place at the transcriptional level.- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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