Search

Background: Post-operative pharyngolaryngeal complications are commonly reported following laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion. Airway structures fall backwards due to gravity after induction of anaesthesia, which contributes to difficulty in placement of an LMA. External airway alignment by lifting the larynx during insertion of an airway may avoid collision of the airway with laryngeal structures. Objectives: The objective of the study was to compare pharyngolaryngeal complications and success rate of LMA insertion among the external larynx lift technique, classical technique, rotational technique (back to front) and triple airway manoeuvre (mouth opening, head extension and jaw thrust) technique. Materials and methods: 104 patients were randomised into four groups for LMA placement: C, classical insertion technique; R, rotational technique; T, triple airway manoeuvre technique and E, external laryngeal lift technique with partially pre-inflated cuff. Success rate of insertion and pharyngolaryngeal complications over 24 hours post-operative period were observed. Main outcome measures: Pharyngolaryngeal complications include dysphonia, dysphagia, sore throat and blood on LMA at removal. Result: Among the 104 patients 100 patients were studied, there were no difference of insertion attempts among the groups. Incidence of sore throat (C; 56.5%, R; 33.3%, T; 25% E; 20.8%, P=0.047) intensity of sore throat on 10 point scale (C; 3.26±3.12, R; 1.96±2.91, T; 1.38±2.58, E;1.04±2.2, p=0.009) and also, presence of blood on LMA was significantly lower in E group compare than other groups (C; 56.5%, T; 29.2%, R; 25%, E;8.4%, p=0.025). Conclusion: External larynx lift technique has a higher success rate of LMA insertion comparable to other three techniques although it is not significant. It is also associated with lower incidence of blood staining on LMA after removal, intensity and severity of sore throat suggesting that this technique is less traumatic than other three techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tin-Vacancy (Sn-V) colour centres in diamond have a spin coherence time in the millisecond range at temperatures of 2 K, so they are promising to be used in diamond-based quantum optical devices. However, the incorporation of large Sn atoms into a dense diamond lattice is a non-trivial problem. The objective of our work is to use microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition (CVD) to grow Sn-doped diamond with submicron SnO2 particles as a solid-state source of impurity. Well-faceted diamond microcrystals with sizes of a few micrometres were formed on AlN substrates. The photoluminescence (PL) signal with zero-phonon line (ZPL) peak for Sn-V centre at ≈620 nm was measured at room temperature (RT) and at 7 K. The peak width (full width at half-maximum) was measured to be 1.1–1.7 nm at RT and ≈0.05 nm at 7 K. The observed variations of ZPL shape and position, in particular, narrowing of PL peak at RT and formation of single-line fine structure at low-T, are attributed to strain in the crystallites. The diamond doping with Sn via CVD process offers a new route to from Sn-V colour centre in the bulk of the diamond crystallites. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Diamond for quantum applications'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Apart from the usual presentation of herpes zoster (HZ) infection (HZI), reports of spontaneous teeth exfoliation and osteonecrosis are infrequent and sporadic. Patient Concerns: A 51-year-old male patient presented with spontaneous exfoliation of multiple teeth and subsequent pathological fracture on the right side of the lower jaw after three months of HZI. Diagnosis: Biopsy was taken from the alveolar bone of the oedematous region, which revealed the presence of trabeculae of dead bone with empty lacunae. Intervention: Necrosed part of the alveolar bone was excised under local anaesthesia and antibiotic coverage, which was followed by open reduction and internal fixation of the pathological fracture under general anaesthesia. Outcomes: The patient was followed up for one year without any evidence of recurrences. Take-away Lessons: Presentation of osteonecrosis following HZI is unique but rare and should be diagnosed at the earliest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is one of the common surgical procedures requiring hypotensive anesthesia; many agents have been tried to reduce the amount of blood loss. Its introduction associated with enhanced illumination and visualization has dramatically improved surgical dissection. This study aims to compare the hemodynamic effects of intraoperative propofol infusion or sevoflurane inhalation along with dexmedetomidine. Methods: This study was a prospective comparative observational study conducted in the Department of anaesthesiology, Burdwan Medical College & Hospital, Burdwan, West Bengal, India from May 2020 to July 2021. 26 patients each in two groups i.e. observational group and another group received propofol infusion were included in the study. A suitable predesigned pretested Proforma for data collection was prepared. Routine Obstetric, menstrual, relevant past, personal and family history were also elicited. Template was generated in MS excel sheet and analysis was done on SPSS software. Results: In the present study in P Group, 8(30.8%) patients were ≤30 years old, 6(23.1%), In S Group, 6(23.1%) patients were ≤30 years old. In P Group, 12(46.2%) patients were Female and 14(53.8%) patients were male. In S Group, 12(46.2%) patients were Female and 14(53.8%) patients were male. The data collected from both the observational group shows, "Gr.S" has better (statistically significant) control of SBP, DBP, and MAP in some selective point of time than "Gr. P". However, the quality of surgical field (assessed by SFR scale) is equally favourable in both Gr. S and Gr. P. There were no statistically significant variations between the groups in case of other perioperative data such as HR, BIS etc. Conclusions: hemodynamic effects are better in sevoflurane Group compared to propofol Group for induced hypotension in a background of loading dose of dexmedetomidine (as premedication) in FESS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]