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This article is part of the author’s dissertation research. Our research, which began with the study of fashion discourse in general and the fashion discourse of the 1960s in particular, led us to the discovery of the fact that in this field there are currently no linguistic works covering the period of the second half of the 20th century. The author presents a review of several Russian-language sources — monographs and articles written in the 21st century by Russian researchers in the fields of cultural studies, art history, sociological and economic research, analysing the features of the 1960s era in the spheres of production and consumption in the Soviet Union. Our article presents a linguistic argumentative approach to the analysis of the vestimentary discourse that unfolded on the pages of Soviet printed periodicals in the 1960s; articles and notes from the newspaper “Sovetskaya Kultura” [Soviet Culture] were especially interesting for us. In the article, we pay attention to the following aspects identified by us, inherent in the newspaper vestimentary discourse of the analysed era: the tactics of exposing anti-creativity (detective script); actualisation of the effect of deceived expectations; objectivity and subjectivity of professional discourse; reflection as a factor of the adequate implementation of vestimentary discourse elements (explicativeness of discourse); the tone of discourse (an optimistic ending as the author’s attitude). Each of the listed blocks of our work is illustrated by vivid examples — excerpts from two articles from the newspaper “Sovetskaya Kultura” [Soviet Culture] for 1960 and 1965. Using the methods of contextual and linguistic argumentative analysis, we find that the Soviet vestimentary discourse of the 1960s was characterised by dialogueness, explicativeness, and concern for the addressee. The results of our research can be practically applied in teaching the following disciplines: discourse and communicative practices, linguistic argumentation, text analysis and interpretation, the history of Russian journalism, the language of press.

This article considers the formation of archival funds about Austro-Russian relations in the late seventeenth century in one of the four departments of the Austrian State Archives (the Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv of the Habsburgs). The analysis demonstrates that the archival funds formed alongside the development of the archive’s structure. The sources referred to include documents dedicated to the foreign policy contacts of the Habsburg dynasty with Russia in the late seventeenth century. The authors focus on the period when, because of the Ottoman threat, interactions between Vienna and Moscow intensified, which manifested itself in the active exchange of embassies and correspondence. The authors reveal the main type of structure of the archival funds mentioned. The collection contains several types of historical sources, among which the authors single out official letters (der Brief), instructions (die Instruktion) for Viennese representatives sent to Moscow, authentications (die Beglaubigung), decrees, minutes of audiences, envoy accounts (der Gesandtenbericht), and reports (der Bericht) of the Viennese envoys in Moscow. The characterisation of archival documents by fund and type demonstrates the deep research potential of the sources. The authors reveal that despite the long development and numerous military conflicts that influenced the preservation of the funds, the Haus-, Hof-, und Staatsarchiv are an institution of supranational importance, accumulating the historical heritage of Austria and Russia. The archive department contains a large array of documents shedding light on various aspects of diplomatic relations between Vienna and Moscow in the second half of the seventeenth century, making possible a comprehensive study of Habsburg contacts with Russia. This makes it necessary to consider introducing the source base into scholarly circulation.

Delayed HIV diagnosis in HIV-exposed infants (HEIs) results in missed opportunities for early antiretroviral therapy (ART), causing significant morbidity and mortality. Early infant diagnosis (EID) depends on the availability of accessible and reliable testing services. We explored the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of deploying a targeted community-based point-of-care (POC) EID testing model (i.e., "community POC model") to reach high-risk mother-infant pairs (MIPs) in Lusaka, Zambia.We conducted in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of health care workers, study staff, and caregivers in high-risk MIPs at 6 health facilities included in a larger implementation research study evaluating the community POC model. We defined "high-risk MIPs" as mothers who did not receive antenatal testing or an attended delivery or infants who missed EID testing milestones. Interviews were audio-recorded, translated, and transcribed verbatim in English. Content and thematic analysis were done using NVivo 10 software.Health care workers (n=20) and study staff (n=12) who implemented the community POC model noted that the portability and on-screen prompts of the POC platform made it mobile and easy to use, but maintenance and supply chain management were key to field operations. Respondents also felt that the community POC model reached more infants who had never had EID testing, allowing them to find infants with HIV infection and immediately initiate them on ART. Caregivers (n=22) found the community POC model acceptable, provided that privacy could be ensured because the service was convenient and delivered close to home.We demonstrate the acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility of implementing the community POC model in Zambia, while identifying potential challenges related to client privacy and platform field operations. The community POC model may represent a promising strategy to further facilitate active HIV case finding and linkage to ART for children with undiagnosed HIV infection in the community.

Currently, the key and budget-forming sector of the Russian economy is still the oil industry, which includes the production, processing, transportation and sale of oil and oil products. The share of the oil industry in the country’s GDP amounted to above 40%, and, taking into account the petrochemical and manufacturing industries, exceeds 50%. In this aspect, an important task is to study the institutional environment of the operation of enterprises and organizations of the oil industry, as well as the mechanisms and tools of state sectoral management, because not only the activities of individual companies, corporations and enterprises, but also the level of socio-economic development of the country as a whole. The main forms of state participation in the regulation of such industries remain direct ownership of shares, including a controlling stake or “golden share”, delegation of government representatives to corporate boards of directors, as well as the creation of various forms of organizations with state participation. At the same time, there are a number of contradictions between the state, economic entities of the oil industry and public and expert organizations, which are expressed in different interpretations of short-term and long-term goals, the presence of not always coordinated concepts and strategies for the development of individual industries and areas, inconsistency of a number of state programs, projects, etc. These contradictions lead to a decrease in the efficiency of the system of state regulation of strategic sectors of the economy, which is expressed in a significant lag in labor productivity.

The article was submitted on 21.02.2021. Рассматривается история формирования фондовых коллекций документов по истории австро-российских отношений конца XVII в., находящихся в рамках одного из четырех отделений Государственного архива Австрии – Династического, придворного и государственного архива Габсбургов. Прослеживается, что фондовые коллекции, в рамках которых располагаются источники, использованные в статье, формировались на протяжении длительного времени параллельно развитию и деятельности самой архивной структуры. Источниками выступают документы четырех фондов Династического, государственного и придворного архива австрийских Габсбургов, посвященных внешнеполитическим контактам династии с Россией в конце XVII в. Основное внимание уделяется периоду, когда на фоне османской угрозы интенсифицировалось взаимодействие Вены и Москвы, что выражалось в активном обмене посольствами и корреспонденцией. Выявляется основной видовой состав, который содержится в обозначенных фондах. Коллекция содержит несколько видов источников, среди которых выделяются официальные письма (der Brief), инструкции для венских представителей, направляемых в Москву (die Instruktion), заверения (die Beglaubigung), указы, протоколы аудиенций, отчеты (der Gesandtenbericht) и доклады (der Bericht) венских посланников, находившихся в Москве. Характеристики фондового и видового состава документов демонстрируют глубокий исследовательский потенциал фондов. Прослеживается, что, несмотря на сложную длительную историю развития, многочисленные военные конфликты, которые повлияли на степень сохранности фондов, в наше время указанный архив стал крупнейшим учреждением наднационального значения, сконцентрировавшим историческое наследие не только Австрии, но в том числе и России. Архивное отделение содержит большой массив документов, проливающих свет на различные аспекты дипломатических отношений династий Вены и Москвы во второй половине XVII в., а также обеспечивающих возможность всестороннего изучения контактов Габсбургов с Россией на арене международных отношений, что выдвигает на первый план необходимость рассмотрения аспектов бытования и введения в оборот данных источников. This article considers the formation of archival funds about Austro-Russian relations in the late seventeenth century in one of the four departments of the Austrian State Archives (the Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv of the Habsburgs). The analysis demonstrates that the archival funds formed alongside the development of the archive’s structure. The sources referred to include documents dedicated to the foreign policy contacts of the Habsburg dynasty with Russia in the late seventeenth century. The authors focus on the period when, because of the Ottoman threat, interactions between Vienna and Moscow intensified, which manifested itself in the active exchange of embassies and correspondence. The authors reveal the main type of structure of the archival funds mentioned. The collection contains several types of historical sources, among which the authors single out official letters (der Brief), instructions (die Instruktion) for Viennese representatives sent to Moscow, authentications (die Beglaubigung), decrees, minutes of audiences, envoy accounts (der Gesandtenbericht), and reports (der Bericht) of the Viennese envoys in Moscow. The characterisation of archival documents by fund and type demonstrates the deep research potential of the sources. The authors reveal that despite the long development and numerous military conflicts that influenced the preservation of the funds, the Haus-, Hof-, und Staatsarchiv are an institution of supranational importance, accumulating the historical heritage of Austria and Russia. The archive department contains a large array of documents shedding light on various aspects of diplomatic relations between Vienna and Moscow in the second half of the seventeenth century, making possible a comprehensive study of Habsburg contacts with Russia. This makes it necessary to consider introducing the source base into scholarly circulation.

Исследование посвящено изучению информационного потенциала документов одного из отделений Государственного архива Австрии как источников по истории дипломатических отношений Габсбургов с Россией в 1682–1697 гг. На основании анализа обширного массива документов автор приходит к выводу, что архивное наследие династии Габсбургов отражает многоаспектные взаимодействия Австрии и России в конце XVII в. The article is devoted to the study of the information potential of documents from one of the branches of the Austrian State Archives as sources on the history of diplomatic relations between the Habsburgs and Russia The article is devoted to the study of the information potential of documents from one of the branches of the Austrian State Archives as sources on the history of diplomatic relations between the Habsburgs and Russia

INTRODUCTION The simplest and cheapest method for cervical cancer screening is visual inspection after application of acetic acid (VIA). However, this method has limitations for correctly identifying precancerous cervical lesions (sensitivity) and women free from these lesions (specificity). We will assess alternative screening methods that could improve sensitivity and specificity in women living with humanimmunodeficiency virus (WLHIV) in Southern Africa. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will conduct a paired, prospective, screening test accuracy study among consecutive, eligible women aged 18-65 years receiving treatment for HIV/AIDS at Kanyama Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. We will assess a portable magnification device (Gynocular, Gynius Plus AB, Sweden) based on the Swede score assessment of the cervix, test for high-risk subtypes of human papillomavirus (HR-HPV, GeneXpert, Cepheid, USA) and VIA. All study participants will receive all three tests and the reference standard at baseline and at six-month follow-up. The reference standard is histological assessment of two to four biopsies of the transformation zone. The primary histological endpoint is cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade two and above (CIN2+). Women who are VIA-positive or have histologically confirmed CIN2+ lesions will be treated as per national guidelines. We plan to enrol 450 women. Primary outcome measures for test accuracy include sensitivity and specificity of each stand-alone test. In the secondary analyses, we will evaluate the combination of tests. Pre-planned additional studies include use of cervigrams to test an automated visual assessment tool using image pattern recognition, cost-analysis and associations with trichomoniasis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Zambia Biomedical Research Ethics Committee, Zambian National Health Regulatory Authority, Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority, Swissethics and the International Agency for Research on Cancer Ethics Committee. Results of the study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03931083; Pre-results.

Introduction The simplest and cheapest method for cervical cancer screening is visual inspection after application of acetic acid (VIA). However, this method has limitations for correctly identifying precancerous cervical lesions (sensitivity) and women free from these lesions (specificity). We will assess alternative screening methods that could improve sensitivity and specificity in women living with humanimmunodeficiency virus (WLHIV) in Southern Africa.Methods and analysis We will conduct a paired, prospective, screening test accuracy study among consecutive, eligible women aged 18–65 years receiving treatment for HIV/AIDS at Kanyama Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia. We will assess a portable magnification device (Gynocular, Gynius Plus AB, Sweden) based on the Swede score assessment of the cervix, test for high-risk subtypes of human papillomavirus (HR-HPV, GeneXpert, Cepheid, USA) and VIA. All study participants will receive all three tests and the reference standard at baseline and at six-month follow-up. The reference standard is histological assessment of two to four biopsies of the transformation zone. The primary histological endpoint is cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade two and above (CIN2+). Women who are VIA-positive or have histologically confirmed CIN2+ lesions will be treated as per national guidelines. We plan to enrol 450 women. Primary outcome measures for test accuracy include sensitivity and specificity of each stand-alone test. In the secondary analyses, we will evaluate the combination of tests. Pre-planned additional studies include use of cervigrams to test an automated visual assessment tool using image pattern recognition, cost-analysis and associations with trichomoniasis.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval was obtained from the University of Zambia Biomedical Research Ethics Committee, Zambian National Health Regulatory Authority, Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority, Swissethics and the International Agency for Research on Cancer Ethics Committee. Results of the study will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration number NCT03931083; Pre-results.

Background Pregnancy among adolescents, whether intended or not, is a public health concern as it is generally considered high risk for both mothers and their newborns. In Zambia, where many women engage in early sexual behaviour or marry at a young age, 28.5% of girls aged 15–19 years were pregnant with their first child in the year 2013–2014. This study sought to explore associations between maternal age and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women in Lusaka, Zambia. Methods This was a secondary analysis of data nested within a larger population-based prospective cohort study which was implemented in three government health facilities-two first level hospitals and one clinic in Lusaka, Zambia. Women presenting to the study sites for antenatal care were enrolled into the study and followed up for collection of maternal and neonatal outcomes at 7, 28 and 42 days postpartum. The study’s primary outcomes were the incidence of maternal and newborn complications and factors associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. Statistical significance was evaluated at a significance level of P Results The study included 11,501 women, 15.6% of whom were adolescents aged 10–19 years. Generally, adolescence did not have statistically significant associations with poor maternal health outcomes. However, the risk of experiencing obstructed labour, premature rupture of membranes and postpartum hemorrhage was higher among adolescents than women aged 20–24 years while the risk of severe infection was lower and non-significant. Adolescents also had 1.36 times the odds of having a low birthweight baby (95% CI 1.12, 1.66) and were at risk of preterm birth (aOR = 1.40, 95% CI 1.06, 1.84). Their newborns were in need of bag and mask resuscitation at birth (aOR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.41, 0.93). Advanced maternal age was significantly associated with increased odds of hypertension/ pre-eclampsia (95% CI 1.54, 5.89) and preterm labour (aOR = 2.78, 95% CI 1.24, 6.21). Conclusions Adolescence is a risk factor for selected pregnancy outcomes in urban health facilities in Lusaka, Zambia. Health care workers should intensify the provision of targeted services to improve neonatal health outcomes. Trial registration Clinical trial number and URL: NCT03923023 (Retrospectively registered). Clinical trial registration date: April 22, 2019.

Summary Background Globally, cervical cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death among women. Poor uptake of screening services contributes to the high mortality. We aimed to examine screening frequency, predictors of screening results, and patterns of sensitisation strategies by age group in a large, programmatic cohort. Methods We did a cohort study including 11 government health facilities in Lusaka, Zambia, in which we reviewed routine programmatic data collected through the Cervical Cancer Prevention Program in Zambia (CCPPZ). Participants who underwent cervical cancer screening in one of the participating study sites were considered for study inclusion if they had a screening result. Follow-up was accomplished per national guidelines. We did descriptive analyses and mixed-effects logistic regression for cervical cancer screening results allowing random effects at the individual and clinic level. Findings Between Jan 1, 2010, and July 31, 2019, we included 183 165 women with 204 225 results for visual inspection with acetic acid and digital cervicography (VIAC) in the analysis. Of all those screened, 21 326 (10·4%) were VIAC-positive, of whom 16 244 (76·2%) received treatment. Of 204 225 screenings, 92 838 (45·5%) were in women who were HIV-negative, 76 607 (37·5%) were in women who were HIV-positive, and 34 780 (17·0%) had an unknown HIV status. Screening frequency increased 65·7% between 2010 and 2019 with most appointments being first-time screenings (n=158 940 [77·8%]). Women with HIV were more likely to test VIAC-positive than women who were HIV-negative (adjusted odds ratio 3·60, 95% CI 2·14–6·08). Younger women (≤29 years) with HIV had the highest predictive probability (18·6%, 95% CI 14·2–22·9) of screening positive. Interpretation CCPPZ has effectively increased women's engagement in screening since its inception in 2006. Customised sensitisation strategies relevant to different age groups could increase uptake and adherence to screening. The high proportion of screen positivity in women younger than 20 years with HIV requires further consideration. Our data are not able to discern if women with HIV have earlier disease onset or whether this difference reflects misclassification of disease in an age group with a higher sexually transmitted infection prevalence. These data inform scale-up efforts required to achieve WHO elimination targets. Funding US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief.

The constitutional identity is the originality, individuality and uniqueness of the given constitutional system, which includes not just the originally existing features, providing the given system with a quality of uniqueness, but also the features of larger systems, which are borrowed by the constitutional system and with which the latter starts to identify itself. Because of it, the constitutional identity should be perceived not as a feature, initially belonging to a given social system, but a feature, which is formed and transformed as the result of social interactions. At the same time, all the newly formed peculiarities, including the ones are borrowed from other systems, also become features, defining originality and individuality of the given system. Hence, while borrowing constitutional-legal peculiarities of international and supranational institutions or of any other state, it should be taken into account that mechanical import or not accepting and artificially preserving the mechanically imported features will not in any way contribute to finding a balance between peculiarities of a concrete constitutional system and features borrowed from the mentioned systems. This, in its turn, will lead to the complete distortion of the idea of constitutional identity. At the contemporary stage of development of constitutional law doctrine it is preferable to discuss the notions of “state identity” and “constitutional identity” not as a correlation of correspondingly the whole and the part, but from the viewpoint of different levels, though in some cases they can have points of coincidence. The reason is that within the framework of the mentioned doctrine notions “Constitution”, “Constitutional stability” should per se be perceived not just from the aspect of the written text of the Constitution, but from the viewpoint of constitutional values and their implementation in real social development.

Maternal death is the greatest health disparity globally, with postpartum hemorrhage the most common cause. As senior leaders in obstetrics and maternal health from Bolivia, Canada, Colombia, Côte d'Ivoire, Honduras, India, Kenya, Nepal, Niger, Norway, Peru, Tanzania, the UK, the USA, and Zambia, we are deeply disturbed by recent calls for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of uterine balloon tamponade (UBT) in women with uncontrolled postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Our collective experience, in combination with mounting evidence, unequivocally supports the effectiveness of commercial and condom UBTs in averting death and disability from PPH associated with atonic uterus. We believe it would be highly unethical to embark on an RCT of UBT, now or in the future, unless compared with a proven equivalent intervention. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.