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94,923 results on '"Malone AN"'

102. Modelling-Based Pedagogy as a Theme across Science Disciplines--Effects on Scientific Reasoning and Content Understanding

Author

Kathy L. Malone and Anita Schuchardt

Abstract

Due to the increased use of scientific models and modelling in K-12 education, there is a need to uncover its effects on students over time. Prior research has shown that the use of scientific modelling in K-12 classes is associated with improved conceptual knowledge and problem-solving skills. However, few studies have explicitly tested the longitudinal benefits of using model-based instruction on students' scientific reasoning skills (SRS) and content knowledge. This paper studies the effects of the use of modelling-based pedagogy in a longitudinal comparative case study on students' SRS using hierarchical linear modeling. Our findings showed that initial exposure to modelling-based instruction increased scientific reasoning scores significantly. By the end of their first year of science instruction, the average high school freshman in our study achieved the scientific reasoning level of many undergraduate STEM majors. More importantly, students in the lowest quartile of scientific reasoning demonstrated increased scores over the three years of the modeling-based course sequence. In addition, reasoning scores in the modelling classes were a significant predictor of post-content knowledge in all subjects. Our results suggested that students should be exposed to model-based instruction early and consistently to achieve equity in science instruction.

Published
2023

103. Writing Circles: Developing Learner Self-Efficacy and Agency through Peer Review Activities

Author

David Busby and Cathy Malone

Abstract

This paper outlines evaluation of practitioner research into a writing development intervention used with a group of international students studying at Masters level in a UK university. The research was motivated by our understanding that academic writing is a task which provokes significant anxiety for students. Our methodology was informed by evidence in the literature pointing to the utility of group learning and giving and receiving peer feedback. We aimed to explore the extent to which structured writing analysis and facilitated group feedback activities (conducted through writing circles) influenced student perceptions of confidence in academic writing. Our thesis was that instruction in identifying and noticing elements of effective disciplinary writing combined with writing circles cycles of review and redrafting would lead to an improvement in measures of confidence in academic writing. We examined the impact on students through interviews in addition to pre- and post-intervention questionnaires which assessed self-confidence, anxiety and self-efficacy. This paper presents a clear, practical solution to the difficult problem of increasing students' confidence in undertaking academic writing. Our results indicate a positive impact on overall confidence in academic writing, increased perception of agency and a decrease in anxiety. The findings align with a large body of research which indicate the positive impact on students on being given opportunity to give and receive feedback on their work. This case study demonstrates the value of writing circles as a simple practical activity that acts as a generative frame for student activity. It affirms value of interdisciplinary practice sharing.

Published
2023

104. State of the Dotcom-era accounting information systems (AIS) faculty and implications for the artificial intelligence (AI)-era

Author

Akhilesh Chandra and Charles F. Malone

Subjects
accounting information systems (ais) faculty, artificial intelligence (ai), dotcom, accounting education, poisson, negative binomial (negbin), hasselback accounting faculty directory, Business, HF5001-6182, Accounting. Bookkeeping, HF5601-5689
Abstract

Research Questions: What was the state of accounting information systems (AIS) faculty in accounting programs of US universities and colleges (hereafter, institutions) at the peak of Dotcom? What can the artificial intelligence (AI)-era accounting education learn from its Dotcom experience? Motivation: Accounting education environment during the Dotcom-led innovations and the current AI- and Generative AI (GenAI)-led innovations bears similarities in many respects. While AIS faculty teach AIS courses where students learn information systems (IS) concepts including technology, processes and internal controls in greater detail and depth relative to other accounting courses, our literature review suggests a paucity of research on AIS faculty, especially during the Dotcom-era. AIS faculty is an appropriate proxy for the IS and information technology (IT) skills of accounting graduates’ market-ready quality. Therefore, we examine AIS faculty’s institutional characteristics during the Dotcom-era and consider implications for the AI-era accounting education to minimize capacity gaps, technology gaps, and resource gaps. Idea: We analyze US accounting programs for AIS faculty’s (i) individual features and (ii) association with institutional features. Data: We hand-collect data, from 1998-1999 Hasselback Accounting Faculty Directory (HAFD), which is just before the Dotcom’s bust and reflects the culmination of a series of actions taken by accounting programs and accounting education during the Dotcom-era. HAFD, our primary data source, provides faculty and program information in sufficient detail and granularity. Tools: We use count data econometric models corresponding to Poisson and Negative Binomial (NEGBIN) processes, since our response variable (i.e., AIS faculty) and its proxies suggest that they approximate a Poisson probability distribution. Findings: We find that doctoral programs supplying AIS faculty are public institutions and mostly in the southern states. AIS faculty are (i) less in private institutions; (ii) less in professor ranks; (iii) proportionately more with a PhD and certified public accountant (CPA) credentials; and (iv) similar in gender split, vis-à-vis all accounting faculty. AIS faculty associate positively with total accounting faculty size, accreditation and public institutions, and negatively with the presence of a doctoral program in the department. Contribution: We contribute to the existing research stream that examines accounting program quality and faculty background which proxy graduate’s market-readiness. At the theoretical and usefulness level, we contribute by using accounting education’s Dotcom experience to identify specific implications for the AI-era. At the methodological level, we theorize the count-data econometric features of AIS faculty and consider its five proxies, each with a different theoretical significance to associate with its factors. Significance: We discuss significance of our results by posing questions to stir debate, dialogue and discussion for devising action-based strategies that are sustainable, inclusive and equitable.

Published
2024
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105. Video Analysis of Elite American Football Athletes During Vertical Jump

Author

Grace JL, Hancock ME, Malone ML, Adlou B, Kosek JJ, Houde HR, Wilburn CM, and Weimar WH

Subjects
athletes, technique, biomechanics, sport, video analysis, Sports medicine, RC1200-1245
Abstract

John L Grace, Meghan E Hancock, Madison L Malone, Bahman Adlou, Jerad J Kosek, Hannah R Houde, Christopher M Wilburn, Wendi H Weimar School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USACorrespondence: John L Grace, School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, 301 Wire Road, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA, Tel +1 (334) 844-1468, Fax +1 (334) 844-1469, Email jlg0068@auburn.eduIntroduction: The National Football League (NFL) combine tests the athleticism of prospects competing for the draft. The vertical jump is included to test lower extremity power, yet the components which lead to the greatest performance remain elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to utilize a sample of elite athletes to analyze vertical jump components associated with increased performance and the relationship between vertical jump performance and rookie-year success.Methods: Videos of 50 NFL prospects performing the vertical jump task were analyzed for various countermovement jump components. Regression analyses examined the components in relation to normalized jump height and rookie Approximate Value (AV) using an alpha level of 0.05.Results: After analysis, only the overall model for normalized jump height was statistically significant (R^2^ = 0.69, p = 0.002).Discussion: While no single variable predicted jump height, distinct strategies were evident between the top and bottom 25% performers based on component correlations. The regression model approached significance in predicting rookie AV (R^2^ = 0.94, p = 0.052), with notable components like heel pauses for skilled positions and greater knee flexion for linemen. By creating models that can predict jump height or AV, variables can be identified that can be used to improve one’s jump height or, in the case of AV, that can be used to predict which draft prospects will perform better in the NFL.Keywords: athletes, technique, biomechanics, sport, video analysis

Published
2024

106. Trust in AI: progress, challenges, and future directions

Author

Saleh Afroogh, Ali Akbari, Emmie Malone, Mohammadali Kargar, and Hananeh Alambeigi

Subjects
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, AZ20-999, Social Sciences
Abstract

Abstract The increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in our daily lives through various applications, services, and products highlights the significance of trust and distrust in AI from a user perspective. AI-driven systems have significantly diffused into various aspects of our lives, serving as beneficial “tools” used by human agents. These systems are also evolving to act as co-assistants or semi-agents in specific domains, potentially influencing human thought, decision-making, and agency. Trust and distrust in AI serve as regulators and could significantly control the level of this diffusion, as trust can increase, and distrust may reduce the rate of adoption of AI. Recently, a variety of studies focused on the different dimensions of trust and distrust in AI and its relevant considerations. In this systematic literature review, after conceptualizing trust in the current AI literature, we will investigate trust in different types of human–machine interaction and its impact on technology acceptance in different domains. Additionally, we propose a taxonomy of technical (i.e., safety, accuracy, robustness) and non-technical axiological (i.e., ethical, legal, and mixed) trustworthiness metrics, along with some trustworthy measurements. Moreover, we examine major trust-breakers in AI (e.g., autonomy and dignity threats) and trustmakers; and propose some future directions and probable solutions for the transition to a trustworthy AI.

Published
2024
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107. What shapes statistical and data literacy research in K-12 STEM education? A systematic review of metrics and instructional strategies

Author

Anja Friedrich, Saskia Schreiter, Markus Vogel, Sebastian Becker-Genschow, Roland Brünken, Jochen Kuhn, Jessica Lehmann, and Sarah Malone

Subjects
Statistical literacy, Data literacy, STEM education, K-12 education, Education, Education (General), L7-991, Special aspects of education, LC8-6691, Theory and practice of education, LB5-3640
Abstract

Abstract The pervasive digitization of society underscores the crucial role of data and its significant impact on decision-making across various domains. As a result, it is essential for individuals to acquire competencies in handling data. This need is particularly pertinent in K-12 education, where early engagement with data and statistics can lay a foundational understanding for future academic and professional endeavors. Additionally, K-12 education should provide students with critical skills necessary for navigating the complexities of daily life and making informed decisions in a data-rich society. This systematic review examines the state of research on statistical and data literacy in K-12 STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education. It focuses specifically on cognitive, affective, and behavioral metrics and pedagogical approaches empirically investigated in this context. Using a rigorous selection process, we identified and synthesized 83 original empirical papers. Additionally, we invited the authors of these studies to share their perspectives on future strategies for addressing statistical and data literacy. The results indicate that the included studies primarily focus on the construct of statistical literacy, which is operationalized through a diverse array of metrics, predominantly within the context of mathematics education. We identified effective pedagogical approaches, such as authentic problem-solving and the integration of real-world data. The researchers surveyed emphasized the importance of interdisciplinary teaching, adapted curricula, and improved professional development for pre- and in-service teachers. Our findings underscore the growing relevance of this field, but suggest that integrated perspectives on statistical and data literacy within STEM subjects are limited.

Published
2024
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108. The Educational Attainment of Chicago Public Schools Students: 2021. The To&Through Project

Author

University of Chicago, To&Through Project, University of Chicago Consortium on School Research, Shelby Mahaffie, May Malone, Alexandra Usher, Drew Mukherjee, and Jenny Nagaoka

Abstract

This annual report looks closely at how CPS students are progressing on the path to and through high school and college. In particular, we examine three key milestones: high school graduation, college enrollment, and college completion, and track how rates on these milestones have changed across time. These rates are then used to calculate an updated Post-secondary Attainment Index (PAI) which represents the proportion of current CPS ninth-graders who would complete any degree or certificate from a two-year or four-year college within 10 years, if current rates of attainment were to hold constant over the next decade. The 2021 PAI is calculated using the most recent available data: 2021 high school graduation rates, college enrollment rates for 2021 high school graduates, and rates of college completion for 2014 high school graduates.

Published
2022

109. Planty Childhoods: Theorising with a Vegetal Ontology in Environmental Education Research

Author

Sneha Parmar, Karen Malone, and Tracy Charlotte Young

Abstract

This paper explores the potential for extending relational ontologies to include a specific focus on human-plant relations. We theorise the emergence of a vegetal ontology, as a novel way of working and remaking theories around human-plant relations that can be applied to the field of environmental education. A vegetal ontological approach, as applied in the environmental education research project that informs this article, abandons hierarchical comparisons of plants, which are often historically positioned as "lesser species," mere "objects" and "resources" even. We start our paper with a modest review of key theoretical approaches informing past and recent environmental education studies on child-plant relations. We then return to the discussion started within the introduction to the paper on how we have theorised a vegetal ontology as a mode of a relational ontology focussing particularly on human-plant relations and drawing on posthumanist, new materialist and Indigenous approaches. To conclude the paper, we then put this newly named vegetal ontology to work. We apply it to a recent study on childhood-plant encounters where researchers engaged with young children and their families in a botanical garden setting and a group of environmental education elders reflected on the significance of plant relations in their childhoods.

Published
2024
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110. Small Group Conversations in a POGIL-Based Class: How English Learners Engage in a Joint Knowledge Construction Process to Reach a Shared Understanding

Author

Shaghayegh Fateh, Oluwatobiloba Theresa Ayangbola, Joshua W. Reid, Sylvia W. Zakher, Zubeyde Demet Kirbulut Gunes, Amy J. Phelps, Aspen Malone, and Gregory T. Rushton

Abstract

Collaboration is an aspect of engagement that focuses on learning through group work and having discussions with other learners. Active learning approaches are a way to foster collaborative engagement because they provide more opportunities for interaction among learners. Process Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning (POGIL), a socially mediated active learning approach, uses verbalizing and discussing ideas with peers in small groups to reach a shared understanding. Due to the growing number of immigrants in the United States, the number of English Learners (ELs) in American classrooms has been increasing rapidly. ELs encounter challenges such as unfamiliarity with American science class norms and expectations, feelings of not being valued and socially accepted, and instructors' lower expectations of them. These challenges can impact this group of students' learning and achievements. Previous studies have discussed that learning chemistry can be more challenging for EL students due to the critical role of language in learning. We argue that ELs use discourse moves differently compared to non-ELs in a POGIL-based class in terms of engaging in conversations that can lead to a shared understanding at the group level through a joint knowledge construction process. Our findings indicated that, in our sample, ELs were less likely to engage in discursive moves than non-ELs. This difference may result in missed opportunities for a shared understanding and joint knowledge construction. In addition to differences between EL and non-EL students in our samples, we also found differences between EL students who attended K-12 schools in the United States compared to international EL students. Implications for future studies of these possibly distinct EL populations are considered.

Published
2024
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112. Galactic Gamma-Ray Diffuse Emission at TeV energies with HAWC Data

Author

Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C., Arunbabu, K. P., Rojas, D. Avila, Babu, R., Baghmanyan, V., Belmont-Moreno, E., Brisbois, C., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistran, T., Carraminana, A., Casanova, S., Chaparro-Amaro, O., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., de Leon, S. Coutino, De la Fuente, E., Hernandez, R. Diaz, DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Dıaz-Velez, J. C., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fraija, N., Galvan-Gamez, A., Garcıa-Gonzalez, J. A., Garfias, F., Gonzalez, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Hernandez, S., Hona, B., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Humensky, T. B., Iriarte, A., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Kieda, D., Kunde, G. J., Lara, A., Vargas, H. Leon, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martınez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Moreno, E., Mostafa, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Perez-Perez, E. G., Rosa-Gonzalez, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Greus, F. Salesa, Sandoval, A., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Urena-Mena, F., Villasenor, L., Willox, E., Zhou, H., de Leon, C., Fornieri, O., Gaggero, D., Grasso, D., Marinelli, A., and Ventura, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The Galactic gamma-ray diffuse emission (GDE) is emitted by cosmic rays (CRs), ultra-relativistic protons and electrons, interacting with gas and electromagnetic radiation fields in the interstellar medium. Here we present the analysis of TeV diffuse emission from a region of the Galactic Plane over the range in longitude of $l\in[43^\circ,73^\circ]$, using data collected with the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) detector. Spectral, longitudinal and latitudinal distributions of the TeV diffuse emission are shown. The radiation spectrum is compatible with the spectrum of the emission arising from a CR population with an "index" similar to that of the observed CRs. When comparing with the \texttt{DRAGON} \textit{base model}, the HAWC GDE flux is higher by about a factor of two. Unresolved sources such as pulsar wind nebulae and TeV halos could explain the excess emission. Finally, deviations of the Galactic CR flux from the locally measured CR flux may additionally explain the difference between the predicted and measured diffuse fluxes.

Published
2023

113. MORFEO enters final design phase

Author

Busoni, Lorenzo, Agapito, Guido, Ballone, Alessandro, Puglisi, Alfio, Goncharov, Alexander, Petrella, Amedeo, Di Cianno, Amico, Balestra, Andrea, Baruffolo, Andrea, Bianco, Andrea, Di Dato, Andrea, Valentini, Angelo, Di Francesco, Benedetta, Sassolas, Benoit, Salasnich, Bernardo, Arcidiacono, Carmelo, Plantet, Cedric, Eredia, Christian, Fantinel, Daniela, Selvestrel, Danilo, Malone, Deborah, Magrin, Demetrio, D'Auria, Domenico, Redaelli, Edoardo, Carolo, Elena, Costa, Elia, Portaluri, Elisa, Cascone, Enrico, Giro, Enrico, Battaini, Federico, Annibali, Francesca, Laudisio, Fulvio, Rodeghiero, Gabriele, Umbriaco, Gabriele, Chauvin, Gael, Di Rico, Gianluca, Pariani, Giorgio, Carlà, Giulia, Capasso, Giulio, Cosentino, Giuseppe, Correia, Jean Jacques, Foppiani, Italo, Di Antonio, Ivan, Farinato, Jacopo, Radhakrishnan, Kalyan Kumar, Gluck, Laurence, Pinard, Laurent, Marafatto, Luca, Scalera, Marcello Agostino, Gullieuszik, Marco, Bonaglia, Marco, Riva, Marco, Xompero, Marco, Bergomi, Maria, Aliverti, Matteo, Genoni, Matteo, Munari, Matteo, Dolci, Mauro, Christophe, Michel, Cantiello, Michele, Colapietro, Mirko, Devaney, Nicholas, Azzaroli, Nicolò, Grani, Paolo, Ciliegi, Paolo, Rabou, Patrick, Feautrier, Philippe, Schipani, Pietro, Ragazzoni, Roberto, Sordo, Rosanna, Briguglio, Runa, Lampitelli, Salvatore, Savarese, Salvatore, Benedetti, Simone, Di Filippo, Simone, Esposito, Simone, Chinellato, Simonetta, Oberti, Sylvain, Rochat, Sylvain, Lapucci, Tommaso, Di Giammatteo, Ugo, Cianniello, Vincenzo, De Caprio, Vincenzo, and Hubert, Zoltan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

MORFEO (Multi-conjugate adaptive Optics Relay For ELT Observations, formerly MAORY), the MCAO system for the ELT, will provide diffraction-limited optical quality to the large field camera MICADO. MORFEO has officially passed the Preliminary Design Review and it is entering the final design phase. We present the current status of the project, with a focus on the adaptive optics system aspects and expected milestones during the next project phase.

Published
2023
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114. Learning manipulation of steep granular slopes for fast Mini Rover turning

Author

Kerimoglu, Deniz, Soto, Daniel, Hemsley, Malone Lincoln, Brunner, Joseph, Ha, Sehoon, Zhang, Tingnan, and Goldman, Daniel I.

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

Future planetary exploration missions will require reaching challenging regions such as craters and steep slopes. Such regions are ubiquitous and present science-rich targets potentially containing information regarding the planet's internal structure. Steep slopes consisting of low-cohesion regolith are prone to flow downward under small disturbances, making it very challenging for autonomous rovers to traverse. Moreover, the navigation trajectories of rovers are heavily limited by the terrain topology and future systems will need to maneuver on flowable surfaces without getting trapped, allowing them to further expand their reach and increase mission efficiency. In this work, we used a laboratory-scale rover robot and performed maneuvering experiments on a steep granular slope of poppy seeds to explore the rover's turning capabilities. The rover is capable of lifting, sweeping, and spinning its wheels, allowing it to execute leg-like gait patterns. The high-dimensional actuation capabilities of the rover facilitate effective manipulation of the underlying granular surface. We used Bayesian Optimization (BO) to gain insight into successful turning gaits in high dimensional search space and found strategies such as differential wheel spinning and pivoting around a single sweeping wheel. We then used these insights to further fine-tune the turning gait, enabling the rover to turn 90 degrees at just above 4 seconds with minimal slip. Combining gait optimization and human-tuning approaches, we found that fast turning is empowered by creating anisotropic torques with the sweeping wheel., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures, conference paper submission for ICRA2024

Published
2023

115. Comparisons of Professional Development Approaches for Out-of-School Time Educators

Author

Smith, Martin, Worker, Steven, Meehan, Cheryl, McCambridge, Jennifer, Maille, Alexa, Malone, Charles, Mondl, Amie, and Stevenson, Anne

Subjects
professional development, 4-H Youth Development Program, youth development, teacher
Abstract

Out-of-school time educators benefit directly from effective professional development that advances their knowledge and skills. This publication looks at five approaches to professional development, so educators and programs can make informed decisions about which is best for their needs.

Published
2023

116. Staying at the Roach Motel: Cross-Country Analysis of Manipulative Subscription and Cancellation Flows

Author

Sheil, Ashley, Acar, Gunes, Schraffenberger, Hanna, Gellert, Raphaël, and Malone, David

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

Subscribing to online services is typically a straightforward process, but cancelling them can be arduous and confusing -- causing many to resign and continue paying for services they no longer use. Making the cancellation intentionally difficult is recognized as a dark pattern called Roach Motel. This paper characterizes the subscription and cancellation flows of popular news websites from four different countries, and discusses them in the context of recent regulatory changes. We study the design features that make it difficult to cancel a subscription and find several cancellation flows that feature intentional barriers, such as forcing users to type in a phrase or call a representative. Further, we find many subscription flows that do not adequately inform users about recurring charges. Our results point to a growing need for effective regulation of designs that trick, coerce, or manipulate users into paying for subscriptions they do not want.

Published
2023

117. Data-driven methods for diffusivity prediction in nuclear fuels

Author

Craven, Galen T., Chen, Renai, Cooper, Michael W. D., Matthews, Christopher, Rizk, Jason, Malone, Walter, Johnson, Landon, Gibson, Tammie, and Andersson, David A.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The growth rate of structural defects in nuclear fuels under irradiation is intrinsically related to the diffusion rates of the defects in the fuel lattice. The generation and growth of atomistic structural defects can significantly alter the performance characteristics of the fuel. This alteration of functionality must be accurately captured to qualify a nuclear fuel for use in reactors. Predicting the diffusion coefficients of defects and how they impact macroscale properties such as swelling, gas release, and creep is therefore of significant importance in both the design of new nuclear fuels and the assessment of current fuel types. In this article, we apply data-driven methods focusing on machine learning (ML) to determine various diffusion properties of two nuclear fuels, uranium oxide and uranium nitride. We show that using ML can increase, often significantly, the accuracy of predicting diffusivity in nuclear fuels in comparison to current analytical models. We also illustrate how ML can be used to quickly develop fuel models with parameter dependencies that are more complex and robust than what is currently available in the literature. These results suggest there is potential for ML to accelerate the design, qualification, and implementation of nuclear fuels.

Published
2023
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118. HAWC Study of Very-High-Energy $\gamma$-ray Spectrum of HAWC J1844-034

Author

HAWC Collaboration, Albert, A., Alvarez, C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Breuhaus, M., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, De la Fuente, E., Depaoli, D., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Engel, K., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fang, K., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Groetsch, S., Harding, J. P., Herzog, I., Hinton, J., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Humensky, T. B., Hüntemeyer, P., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Lee, J., Vargas, H. León, Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafá, M., Nellen, L., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Olivera-Nieto, L., Omodei, N., Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sandoval, A., Schneider, M., Serna-Franco, J., Smith, A. J., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Varela, E., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Watson, I. J., Willox, E., and Zhou, H.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Recently, the region surrounding eHWC J1842-035 has been studied extensively by gamma-ray observatories due to its extended emission reaching up to a few hundred TeV and potential as a hadronic accelerator. In this work, we use 1,910 days of cumulative data from the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory to carry out a dedicated systematic source search of the eHWC J1842-035 region. During the search we have found three sources in the region, namely, HAWC J1844-034, HAWC J1843-032, and HAWC J1846-025. We have identified HAWC J1844-034 as the extended source that emits photons with energies up to 175 TeV. We compute the spectrum for HAWC J1844-034 and by comparing with the observational results from other experiments, we have identified HESS J1843-033, LHAASO J1843-0338, and TASG J1844-038 as very-high-energy gamma-ray sources with a matching origin. Also, we present and use the multi-wavelength data to fit the hadronic and leptonic particle spectra. We have identified four pulsar candidates in the nearby region from which PSR J1844-0346 is found to be the most likely candidate due to its proximity to HAWC J1844-034 and the computed energy budget. We have also found SNR G28.6-0.1 as a potential counterpart source of HAWC J1844-034 for which both leptonic and hadronic scenarios are feasible., Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, published in ApJ

Published
2023
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119. Search for Decaying Dark Matter in the Virgo Cluster of Galaxies with HAWC

Author

Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Solares, H. A. Ayala, Babu, R., Belmont-Moreno, E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistrán, T., Carramiñana, A., Casanova, S., Cotzomi, J., de León, S. Coutiño, Depaoli, D., Hernandez, R. Diaz, DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Fraija, N., García-González, J. A., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Hernández-Cadena, S., Herzog, I., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Joshi, V., Kaufmann, S., Vargas, H. León, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Malone, K., Martínez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Miranda-Romagnoli, P., Morales-Soto, J. A., Mostafá, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Nisa, M. U., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Omodei, N., Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-González, D., Schneider, M., Son, Y., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Ureña-Mena, F., Villaseñor, L., Wang, X., Watson, I. J., and Yun-Cárcamo, S.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The decay or annihilation of dark matter particles may produce a steady flux of very-high-energy gamma rays detectable above the diffuse background. Nearby clusters of galaxies provide excellent targets to search for the signatures of particle dark matter interactions. In particular, the Virgo cluster spans several degrees across the sky and can be efficiently probed with a wide field-of-view instrument. The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory, due to its wide field of view and sensitivity to gamma rays at an energy scale of 300 GeV--100 TeV is well-suited for this search. Using 2141 days of data, we search for gamma-ray emission from the Virgo cluster, assuming well-motivated dark matter sub-structure models. Our results provide some of the strongest constraints on the decay lifetime of dark matter for masses above 10 TeV., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review D

Published
2023

120. Quantum computation of stopping power for inertial fusion target design

Author

Rubin, Nicholas C., Berry, Dominic W., Kononov, Alina, Malone, Fionn D., Khattar, Tanuj, White, Alec, Lee, Joonho, Neven, Hartmut, Babbush, Ryan, and Baczewski, Andrew D.

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Stopping power is the rate at which a material absorbs the kinetic energy of a charged particle passing through it -- one of many properties needed over a wide range of thermodynamic conditions in modeling inertial fusion implosions. First-principles stopping calculations are classically challenging because they involve the dynamics of large electronic systems far from equilibrium, with accuracies that are particularly difficult to constrain and assess in the warm-dense conditions preceding ignition. Here, we describe a protocol for using a fault-tolerant quantum computer to calculate stopping power from a first-quantized representation of the electrons and projectile. Our approach builds upon the electronic structure block encodings of Su et al. [PRX Quantum 2, 040332 2021], adapting and optimizing those algorithms to estimate observables of interest from the non-Born-Oppenheimer dynamics of multiple particle species at finite temperature. Ultimately, we report logical qubit requirements and leading-order Toffoli costs for computing the stopping power of various projectile/target combinations relevant to interpreting and designing inertial fusion experiments. We estimate that scientifically interesting and classically intractable stopping power calculations can be quantum simulated with roughly the same number of logical qubits and about one hundred times more Toffoli gates than is required for state-of-the-art quantum simulations of industrially relevant molecules such as FeMoCo or P450.

Published
2023
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121. Next-Generation Fraction Intervention and the Long-Term Advantage of Interleaved Instruction

Author

Fuchs, Lynn S., Malone, Amelia S., Preacher, Kristopher J., Cho, Eunsoo, Fuchs, Douglas, and Changas, Paul

Abstract

This study's 1st purpose was to investigate effects of a 4th- and 5th-grade "next-generation" fraction intervention, which included 6 enhancements over a previously validated fraction intervention, designed to address Career- and College-Readiness standards. The next-generation intervention is referred to as "Super Solvers." The study's 2nd purpose was to assess effects of the next-generation fraction intervention at follow-up, 1 year after intervention ended. The 3rd purpose was to isolate the effects of 1 of the 6 intervention enhancements: interleaved fraction calculations instruction. Students with intensive intervention needs were randomized to next-generation fraction intervention ("Super Solvers": SSINT) with blocked calculations instruction (SSINT_B), SSINT with interleaved calculations instruction (SSINT_I), and control. On a mix of proximal and transfer outcomes, SSINT (across) conditions produced strong, significant effects over control at posttest. At follow-up, effect sizes were weaker but remained significant on calculations: g = 1.22. On other measures, follow-up g was 0.39-0.58. The effect of SSINT_I over SSINT_B, although not significant at posttest (g = 0.28), was statistically significant and large at follow-up (g = 0.65), in line with the cognitive science literature showing long-term advantages for interleaved instruction. Results suggest next-generation fraction intervention efficacy for intensive needs students and the importance of interleaved instruction. [This paper will be published in "Exceptional Children."]

Published
2022

122. Wild Pigs in Wild Places: Controlling Pigs in the Sipsey Wilderness Area

Author

Jolly, Rollins, Malone, Jackie, Lord, Jacob, and Green, Zane

Subjects
integrated pest management, invasive species, population control, Sus scrofa, whole sounder removal, wilderness, wild pigs
Abstract

Wild pigs arrived on the Bankhead Ranger District in the late 1980s and ‘90s. They proliferated and control efforts began in the early 2000s. In 2011, intensive efforts began, centered around whole sounder removal. By 2020, pigs were controlled at low densities throughout the District except for the rugged and remote Sipsey Wilderness Area. The area is 25,810 acres and surrounding environs remained off limits until a minimum resource analysis was completed, allowing for active management. The Sipsey Pig Project was born. An interagency team was formed, comprised of United States Forest Service (USFS), Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources (ADCNR), and Animal and Plant Health Inspection (APHIS) Wildlife Services personnel. Crucial funding and volunteer support was provided by several local organizations including the wilderness advocacy group. The project began in 2021, when ADCNR agreed to eliminate two special hog hunts on the District. Four technicians from the three agencies began control efforts focused primarily on trapping and whole sounder removal. Other techniques were utilized including aerial gunning and Judas pig with varying levels of success. The first year concluded with approximately 50% of the wilderness receiving control efforts and a record 421 pigs removed from the District, a three-fold increase over the previous year. The next year, 2022, saw the entirety of the wilderness receive control efforts and a marked decrease in pig densities. The initial battle is won but the war remains undecided. Initial control was achieved faster than expected, yet much work remains with four years left in the project. The Sipsey Pig Project is the most aggressive action to date undertaken against wild pigs in a USFS wilderness area east of the Mississippi River. The strategic application of management techniques combined with strong partnerships can achieve wild pig control in the remote regions of our country.

Published
2024

124. International Care programs for Pediatric Post-COVID Condition (Long COVID) and the way forward

Author

Brackel, Caroline L. H., Noij, Lieke C. E., Vijverberg, Susanne J. H., Legghe, Camille L., Maitland-van der Zee, Anke H., van Goudoever, Johannes B., Buonsenso, Danilo, Munblit, Daniel, Sigfrid, Louise, McFarland, Sammie, Anmyr, Lena, Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, Liat, Bellinat, Ana P. N., Dias, Nathália L. S., Edwards, Amy, Fashina, Tomini, Juraški, Romana Gjergja, Gonçalves, Ana L. N., Hansted, Edita, Herczeg, Vivien, Hertting, Olof, Jankauskaite, Lina N., Kaswandani, Nastiti, Kevalas, Rimantas, Krivácsy, Péter, Lorenz, Michael, Malone, Laura A., McVoy, Molly, Miller, David W., Morrow, Amanda K., Nugawela, Manjula D., Oliveira, Carlos R., Oliveira, Pablo R. S., Osmanov, Ismael M., Overmars, Isabella M., Paintsil, Elijah, Pinto Pereira, Snehal M., Prawira, Yogi, Putri, Nina Dwi, Ramos, Regina C. F., Rasche, Marius, Ryd-Rinder, Malin, De Rose, Christina, Samitova, Elmira, Jovanović, Tatjana Savić, Say, Daniela, Scott, Janet T., Shachar-Lavie, Iris, Shafran, Roz, Shmueli, Einat, Snipaitiene, Ausra, Stephenson, Terence, Ténai, Nikolett, Tosif, Shidan, Turkalj, Mirjana, Valentini, Piero, Vasconcelos, Luydson R. S., Villard, Li, Vilser, Daniel, Hashimoto, Simone, and Terheggen-Lagro, Suzanne W. J.

Published
2024
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134. Validation methodologies for turbulent variable density flows: A jet case study

Author

Davis, Austin, Jones, Samuel, Charonko, John J., Malone, Chris M., and Prestridge, Katherine

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

Comparisons studies between simulated variable density turbulent flows often consist of direct graphical representations where the level of agreement is determined by eye. This work demonstrates a formal validation methodology using an existing validation framework to examine the agreement between a simulated variable density jet flow and corresponding experimental data. Implicit large eddy simulations (ILES's) of a round jet and a plane jet with density ratio $s = 4.2$ were simulated using the compressible hydrodynamic code xRAGE. The jet growth, characterized by the spreading rates, was compared, and the difference between the simulations and the experiment was examined through jet structure diagnostics. The spreading rates were found to be larger than the experimental values, primarily due to resolution issues in the simulations, a fact that is quantified by the validation metric analysis., Comment: 19 pages, 13 figures

Published
2023

135. An optimized search for dark matter in the galactic halo with HAWC

Author

Albert, A., Alfaro, R., Alvarez, C., Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C., Rojas, D. Avila, Solares, H. A. Ayala, Belmont-Moreno, E., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Capistran, T., Carraminana, A., Casanova, S., Chaparro-Amaro, O., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., De la Fuente, E., Hernandez, R. Diaz, Dingus, B. L., DuVernois, M. A., Durocher, M., Dıaz-Velez, J. C., Espinoza, C., Fan, K. L., Fraija, N., Garcıa-Gonzalez, J. A., Garfias, F., Gonzalez, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Harding, J. P., Huang, D., Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F., Iriarte, A., Joshi, V., Kunde, G. J., Lee, J., Vargas, H. Leon, Linnemann, J. T., Longinotti, A. L., Luis-Raya, G., Lundeen, J., Malone, K., Martinez, O., Martınez-Castro, J., Matthews, J. A., Moreno, E., Mostafa, M., Nayerhoda, A., Nellen, L., Peisker, A., Perez-Perez, E. G., Rho, C. D., Rosa-Gonzalez, D., Salazar, H., Salazar-Gallegos, D., Sandoval, A., Serna-Franco, J., Springer, R. W., Tibolla, O., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Torres-Escobedo, R., Turner, R., Urena-Mena, F., Villasenor, L., Wang, X., Zhou, H., and de Leon, C.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The Galactic Halo is a key target for indirect dark matter detection. The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory is a high-energy (~300 GeV to >100 TeV) gamma-ray detector located in central Mexico. HAWC operates via the water Cherenkov technique and has both a wide field of view of 2 sr and a >95% duty cycle, making it ideal for analyses of highly extended sources. We made use of these properties of HAWC and a new background-estimation technique optimized for extended sources to probe a large region of the Galactic Halo for dark matter signals. With this approach, we set improved constraints on dark matter annihilation and decay between masses of 10 and 100 TeV. Due to the large spatial extent of the HAWC field of view, these constraints are robust against uncertainties in the Galactic dark matter spatial profile., Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures

Published
2023

136. Coronal Heating as Determined by the Solar Flare Frequency Distribution Obtained by Aggregating Case Studies

Author

Mason, James Paul, Werth, Alexandra, West, Colin G., Youngblood, Allison A., Woodraska, Donald L., Peck, Courtney, Lacjak, Kevin, Frick, Florian G., Gabir, Moutamen, Alsinan, Reema A., Jacobsen, Thomas, Alrubaie, Mohammad, Chizmar, Kayla M., Lau, Benjamin P., Dominguez, Lizbeth Montoya, Price, David, Butler, Dylan R., Biron, Connor J., Feoktistov, Nikita, Dewey, Kai, Loomis, N. E., Bodzianowski, Michal, Kuybus, Connor, Dietrick, Henry, Wolfe, Aubrey M., Guerrero, Matt, Vinson, Jessica, Starbuck, Peter, Litton, Shelby D, Beck, M. G., Fisch, Jean-Paul, West, Ayana, Muniz, Alexis A., Chavez, Luis, Upthegrove, Zachary T., Runyon, Brenton M., Salazar, J., Kritzberg, Jake E., Murrel, Tyler, Ho, Ella, LaFemina, Quintin Y., Elbashir, Sara I., Chang, Ethan C., Hudson, Zachary A., Nussbaum, Rosemary O., Kennedy, Kellen, Kim, Kevin, Arango, Camila Villamil, Albakr, Mohammed A., Rotter, Michael, Garscadden, A. J., Salcido-Alcontar JR, Antonio, Pearl, Harrison M., Stepaniak, Tyler, Marquez, Josie A., Marsh, Lauren, Andringa, Jesse C, Osogwin, Austin, Shields, Amanda M., Brookins, Sarah, Hach, Grace K., Clausi, Alexis R., Millican, Emily B., Jaimes, Alan A, Graham, Alaina S., Burritt, John J., Perez, J. S., Ramirez, Nathaniel, Suri, Rohan, Myer, Michael S., Kresek, Zoe M., Goldsberry, C. A., Payne, Genevieve K., Jourabchi, Tara, Hu, J., Lucca, Jeffrey, Feng, Zitian, Gilpatrick, Connor B., Khan, Ibraheem A., Warble, Keenan, Sweeney, Joshua D., Dorricott, Philip, Meyer, Ethan, Kothamdi, Yash S., Sohail, Arman S., Grell, Kristyn, Floyd, Aidan, Bard, Titus, Mathieson, Randi M., Reed, Joseph, Cisneros, Alexis, Payne, Matthew P., Jarriel, J. R., Mora, Jacqueline Rodriguez, Sundell, M. E., Patel, Kajal, Alesmail, Mohammad, Alnasrallah, Yousef A, Abdullah, Jumana T., Molina-Saenz, Luis, Tayman, K. E., Brown, Gabriel T., Kerr-Layton, Liana, Berriman-Rozen, Zachary D., Hiatt, Quinn, Kalra, Etash, Ong, Jason, Vadayar, Shreenija, Shannahan, Callie D., Benke, Evan, zhang, Jinhua, Geisman, Jane, Martyr, Cara, Ameijenda, Federico, Akruwala, Ushmi H., Nehring, Molly, Kissner, Natalie, Rule, Ian C., Learned, Tyler, Smith, Alexandra N., Mazzotta, Liam, Rounsefell, Tyndall, Eyeson, Elizabeth A., Shelby, Arlee K., Moll, Tyler S, Menke, Riley, Shahba, Hannan, House Jr., Tony A., Clark, David B., Burns, Annemarie C., de La Beaujardiere, Tristan, Trautwein, Emily D., Plantz, Will, Reeves, Justin, Faber, Ian, Buxton, B. W., Highhouse, Nigel, Landrey, Kalin, Hansen, Connor M, Chen, Kevin, Hales, Ryder Buchanan, Borgerding, Luke R., Guo, Mutian, Crow, Christian J., Whittall, Lloyd C., Simmons, Conor, Folarin, Adeduni, Parkinson, Evan J., Rahn, Anna L., Blevins, Olivia, Morelock, Annalise M., Kelly, Nicholas, Parker, Nathan L., Smith, Kelly, Plzak, Audrey E., Saeb, David, Hares, Cameron T., Parker, Sasha R., McCoy, Andrew, Pham, Alexander V., Lauzon, Megan, Kennedy, Cayla J., Reyna, Andrea B., Acosta, Daniela M. Meza, Cool, Destiny J., Steinbarth, Sheen L., Mendoza-Anselmi, Patricia, Plutt, Kaitlyn E., Kipp, Isabel M, Rakhmonova, M., Brown, Cameron L., Van Anne, Gabreece, Moss, Alexander P., Golden, Olivia, Kirkpatrick, Hunter B., Colleran, Jake R., Sullivan, Brandon J, Tran, Kevin, Carpender, Michael Andrew, Mundy, Aria T., Koenig, Greta, Oudakker, Jessica, Engelhardt, Rasce, Ales, Nolan, Wexler, Ethan Benjamin, Beato, Quinn I, Chen, Lily, Cochran, Brooke, Hill, Paula, Hamilton, Sean R., Hashiro, Kyle, Khan, Usman, Martinez, Alexa M., Brockman, Jennifer L., Mallory, Macguire, Reed, Charlie, Terrile, Richard, Singh, Savi, Watson, James Adam, Creany, Joshua B., Price, Nicholas K., Miften, Aya M., Tran, Bryn, Kamenetskiy, Margaret, Martinez, Jose R., Opp, Elena N., Huang, Jianyang, Fails, Avery M., Belei, Brennan J., Slocum, Ryan, Astalos, Justin, East, Andrew, Nguyen, Lena P., Pherigo, Callie C, East, Andrew N., Li, David Y., Nelson, Maya LI, Taylor, Nicole, Odbayar, Anand, Rives, Anna Linnea, Mathur, Kabir P., Billingsley, Jacob, Polikoff, Hyden, Driscoll, Michael, Wilson, Orion K., Lahmers, Kyle, Toon, Nathaniel J., Lippincott, Sam, Musgrave, Andrew J., Gregory, Alannah H., Pitsuean-Meier, Sedique, Jesse, Trevor, Smith, Corey, Miles, Ethan J., Kainz, Sabrina J. H. T., Ji, Soo Yeun, Nguyen, Lena, Aryan, Maryam, Dinser, Alexis M., Shortman, Jadon, Bastias, Catalina S, Umbricht, Thomas D, Cage, Breonna, Randolph, Parker, Pollard, Matthew, Simone, Dylan M., Aramians, Andrew, Brecl, Ariana E., Robert, Amanda M., Zenner, Thomas, Saldi, Maxwell, Morales, Gavin, Mendez, Citlali, Syed, Konner, Vogel, Connor Maklain, Cone, Rebecca A., Berhanu, Naomi, Carpenter, Emily, Leoni, Cecilia, Bryan, Samuel, Ramachandra, Nidhi, Shaw, Timothy, Lee, E. C., Monyek, Eli, Wegner, Aidan B., Sharma, Shajesh, Lister, Barrett, White, Jamison R., Willard, John S., Sulaiman, S. A, Blandon, Guillermo, Narayan, Anoothi, Ruger, Ryan, Kelley, Morgan A., Moreno, Angel J., Balcer, Leo M, Ward-Chene, N. R. D., Shelby, Emma, Reagan, Brian D., Marsh, Toni, Sarkar, Sucheta, Kelley, Michael P., Fell, Kevin, Balaji, Sahana, Hildebrand, Annalise K., Shoha, Dominick, Nandu, Kshmya, Tucker, Julia, Cancio, Alejandro R., Wang, Jiawei, Rapaport, Sarah Grace, Maravi, Aimee S., Mayer, Victoria A., Miller, Andrew, Bence, Caden, Koke, Emily, Fauntleroy, John T, Doermer, Timothy, Al-Ghazwi, Adel, Morgan, Remy, Alahmed, Mohammed S., Mathavan, Adam Izz Khan Mohd Reduan, Silvester, H. K., Weiner, Amanda M., Liu, Nianzi, Iovan, Taro, Jensen, Alexander V., AlHarbi, Yazeed A., Jiang, Yufan, Zhang, Jiaqi, Jones, Olivia M., Huang, Chenqi, Reh, Eileen N., Alhamli, Dania, Pettine, Joshua, Zhou, Chongrui, Kriegman, Dylan, Yang, Jianing, Ash, Kevin, Savage, Carl, Kaiser, Emily, Augenstein, Dakota N., Padilla, Jacqueline, Stark, Ethan K., Hansen, Joshua A., Kokes, Thomas, Huynh, Leslie, Sanchez-Sanchez, Gustavo, Jeseritz, Luke A., Carillion, Emma L., Vepa, Aditya V., Khanal, Sapriya, Behr, Braden, Martin, Logan S., McMullan, Jesse J., Zhao, Tianwei, Williams, Abigail K., Alqabani, Emeen, Prinster, Gale H., Horne, Linda, Ruggles-Delgado, Kendall, Otto, Grant, Gomez, Angel R., Nguyen, Leonardo, Brumley, Preston J., Venegas, Nancy Ortiz, Varela, Ilian, Brownlow, Jordi, Cruz, Avril, Leiker, Linzhi, Batra, Jasleen, Hutabarat, Abigail P., Nunes-Valdes, Dario, Jameson, Connor, Naqi, Abdulaziz, Adams, Dante Q., Biediger, Blaine B., Borelli, William T, Cisne, Nicholas A., Collins, Nathaniel A., Curnow, Tyler L., Gopalakrishnan, Sean, Griffin, Nicholas F., Herrera, Emanuel, McGarvey, Meaghan V., Mellett, Sarah, Overchuk, Igor, Shaver, Nathan, Stratmeyer, Cooper N., Vess, Marcus T., Juels, Parker, Alyami, Saleh A., Gale, Skylar, Wallace, Steven P., Hunter, Samuel C, Lonergan, Mia C., Stewart, Trey, Maksimuk, Tiffany E., Lam, Antonia, Tressler, Judah, Napoletano, Elena R., Miller, Joshua B., Roy, Marc G., Chanders, Jasey, Fischer, Emmalee, Croteau, A. J., Kuiper, Nicolas A., Hoffman, Alex, DeBarros, Elyse, Curry, Riley T., Brzostowicz, A., Courtney, Jonas, Zhao, Tiannie, Szabo, Emi, Ghaith, Bandar Abu, Slyne, Colin, Beck, Lily, Quinonez, Oliver, Collins, Sarah, Madonna, Claire A., Morency, Cora, Palizzi, Mallory, Herwig, Tim, Beauprez, Jacob N., Ghiassi, Dorsa, Doran, Caroline R., Yang, Zhanchao, Padgette, Hannah M., Dicken, Cyrus A., Austin, Bryce W., Phalen, Ethan J., Xiao, Catherine, Palos, Adler, Gerhardstein, Phillip, Altenbern, Ava L., Orbidan, Dan, Dorr, Jackson A., Rivas, Guillermo A., Ewing, Calvin A, Giebner, B. C., McEntee, Kelleen, Kite, Emily R., Crocker, K. A., Haley, Mark S., Lezak, Adrienne R., McQuaid, Ella, Jeong, Jacob, Albaum, Jonathan, Hrudka, E. M., Mulcahy, Owen T., Tanguma, Nolan C., Oishi-Holder, Sean, White, Zachary, Coe, Ryan W., Boyer, Christine, Chapman, Mitchell G., Fortino, Elise, Salgado, Jose A., Hellweg, Tim, Martinez, Hazelia K., Mitchell, Alexander J., Schubert, Stephanie H., Schumacher, Grace K, Tesdahl, Corey D, Uphoff, C. H., Vassilyev, Alexandr, Witkoff, Briahn, Wolle, Jackson R., Dice, Kenzie A., Behrer, Timothy A., Bowen, Troy, Campbell, Andrew J, Clarkson, Peter C, Duong, Tien Q., Hawat, Elijah, Lopez, Christian, Olson, Nathaniel P., Osborn, Matthew, Peou, Munisettha E., Vaver, Nicholas J., Husted, Troy, Kallemeyn, Nicolas Ian, Spangler, Ava A, Mccurry, Kyle, Schultze, Courtney, Troisi, Thomas, Thomas, Daniel, Ort, Althea E., Singh, Maya A., Soon, Caitlin, Patton, Catherine, Billman, Jayce A., Jarvis, Sam, Hitt, Travis, Masri, Mirna, Albalushi, Yusef J., Schofer, Matthew J, Linnane, Katherine B., Knott, Philip Whiting, Valencia, Whitney, Arias-Robles, Brian A., Ryder, Diana, Simone, Anna, Abrams, Jonathan M., Belknap, Annelene L., Rouse, Charlotte, Reynolds, Alexander, Petric, Romeo S. L., Gomez, Angel A., Meiselman-Ashen, Jonah B., Carey, Luke, Dias, John S., Fischer-White, Jules, Forbes, Aidan E., Galarraga, Gabriela, Kennedy, Forrest, Lawlor, Rian, Murphy, Maxwell J., Norris, Cooper, Quarderer, Josh, Waller, Caroline, Weber, Robert J., Gunderson, Nicole, Boyne, Tom, Gregory, Joshua A., Propper, Henry Austin, von Peccoz, Charles B. Beck, Branch, Donovan, Clarke, Evelyn, Cutler, Libby, Dabberdt, Frederick M., Das, Swagatam, Figueirinhas, John Alfred D., Fougere, Benjamin L., Roy, Zoe A., Zhao, Noah Y., Cox, Corben L., Barnhart, Logan D. W., Craig, Wilmsen B., Moll, Hayden, Pohle, Kyle, Mueller, Alexander, Smith, Elena K., Spicer, Benjamin C., Aycock, Matthew C., Bat-Ulzii, Batchimeg, Murphy, Madalyn C., Altokhais, Abdullah, Thornally, Noah R., Kleinhaus, Olivia R., Sarfaraz, Darian, Barnes, Grant M., Beard, Sara, Banda, David J, Davis, Emma A. B., Huebsch, Tyler J., Wagoner, Michaela, Griego, Justus, Hale, Jack J. Mc, Porter, Trevor J., Abrashoff, Riley, Phan, Denise M., Smith, Samantha M., Srivastava, Ashish, Schlenker, Jared A. W., Madsen, Kasey O., Hirschmann, Anna E., Rankin, Frederick C, Akbar, Zainab A., Blouin, Ethan, Coleman-Plante, Aislinn, Hintsa, Evan, Lookhoff, Emily, Amer, Hamzi, Deng, Tianyue, Dvorak, Peter, Minimo, Josh, Plummer, William C., Ton, Kelly, Solt, Lincoln, AlAbbas, Batool H., AlAwadhi, Areej A., Cooper, Nicholas M., Corbitt, Jessica S, Dunlap, Christian, Johnson, Owen, Malone, Ryan A., Tellez, Yesica, Wallace, Logan, Ta, Michael-Tan D., Wheeler, Nicola H., Ramirez, Ariana C., Huang, Shancheng, Mehidic, Amar, Christiansen, Katherine E, Desai, Om, Domke, Emerson N., Howell, Noah H., Allsbrook, Martin, Alnaji, Teeb, England, Colin, Siles, Nathan, Burton, Nicholas David, Cruse, Zoe, Gilmartin, Dalton, Kim, Brian T., Hattendorf, Elsie, Buhamad, Maryam, Gayou, Lily, Seglem, Kasper, Alkhezzi, Tameem, Hicks, Imari R., Fife, Ryann, Pelster, Lily M., Fix, Alexander, Sur, Sohan N., Truong, Joshua K., Kubiak, Bartlomiej, Bondar, Matthew, Shi, Kyle Z., Johnston, Julia, Acevedo, Andres B., Lee, Junwon, Solorio, William J., Johnston, Braedon Y., McCormick, Tyler, Olguin, Nicholas, Pastor, Paige J., Wilson, Evan M., Trunko, Benjamin L., Sjoroos, Chris, Adams, Kalvyn N, Bell, Aislyn, Brumage-Heller, Grant, Canales, Braden P., Chiles, Bradyn, Driscoll, Kailer H., Hill, Hallie, Isert, Samuel A., Ketterer, Marilyn, Kim, Matthew M., Mewhirter, William J., Phillips, Lance, Phommatha, Krista, Quinn, Megan S., Reddy, Brooklyn J., Rippel, Matthew, Russell, Bowman, Williams, Sajan, Pixley, Andrew M., Gapin, Keala C., Peterson, B., Ruprecht, Collin, Hardie, Isabelle, Li, Isaac, Erickson, Abbey, Gersabeck, Clint, Gopalani, Mariam, Allanqawi, Nasser, Burton, Taylor, Cahn, Jackson R., Conti, Reese, White, Oliver S., Rojec, Stewart, Hogen, Blake A., Swartz, Jason R., Dick, R., Battist, Lexi, Dunn, Gabrielle M., Gasser, Rachel, Logan, Timothy W., Sinkovic, Madeline, Schaller, Marcus T., Heintz, Danielle A., Enrich, Andrew, Sanchez, Ethan S., Perez, Freddy, Flores, Fernando, Kapla, Shaun D., Shockley, Michael C., Phillips, Justin, Rumley, Madigan, Daboub, Johnston, Karsh, Brennan J., Linders, Bridget, Chen, Sam, Do, Helen C., Avula, Abhinav, French, James M., Bertuccio, Chrisanna, Hand, Tyler, Lee, Adrianna J., Neeland, Brenna K, Salazar, Violeta, Andrew, Carter, Barmore, Abby, Beatty, Thomas, Alonzi, Nicholas, Brown, Ryan, Chandler, Olivia M., Collier, Curran, Current, Hayden, Delasantos, Megan E., Bonilla, Alberto Espinosa de los Monteros, Fowler, Alexandra A., Geneser, Julianne R., Gentry, Eleanor, Gustavsson, E. R., Hansson, Jonathan, Hao, Tony Yunfei, Herrington, Robert N., Kelly, James, Kelly, Teagan, Kennedy, Abigail, Marquez, Mathew J., Meillon, Stella, Palmgren, Madeleine L., Pesce, Anneliese, Ranjan, Anurag, Robertson, Samuel M., Smith, Percy, Smith, Trevor J, Soby, Daniel A., Stratton, Grant L., Thielmann, Quinn N., Toups, Malena C., Veta, Jenna S., Young, Trenton J., Maly, Blake, Manzanares, Xander R., Beijer, Joshua, George, Jacob D., Mills, Dylan P., Ziebold, Josh J, Chambers, Paige, Montoya, Michael, Cheang, Nathan M., Anderson, Hunter J., Duncan, Sheridan J., Ehrlich, Lauren, Hudson, Nathan C., Kiechlin, Jack L., Koch, Will, Lee, Justin, Menassa, Dominic, Oakes, S. H., Petersen, Audrey J., Bunsow, J. R. Ramirez, Bay, Joshua, Ramirez, Sacha, Fenwick, Logan D., Boyle, Aidan P., Hibbard, Lea Pearl, Haubrich, Calder, Sherry, Daniel P., Jenkins, Josh, Furney, Sebastian, Velamala, Anjali A., Krueger, Davis J., Thompson, William N., Chhetri, Jenisha, Lee, Alexis Ying-Shan, Ray, Mia G. V., Recchia, John C., Lengerich, Dylan, Taulman, Kyle, Romero, Andres C., Steward, Ellie N., Russell, Sloan, Hardwick, Dillon F., Wootten, Katelynn, Nguyen, Valerie A., Quispe, Devon, Ragsdale, Cameron, Young, Isabel, Atchley-Rivers, N. S., Stribling, Jordin L., Gentile, Julia G, Boeyink, Taylor A., Kwiatkowski, Daniel, Dupeyron, Tomi Oshima, Crews, Anastasia, Shuttleworth, Mitchell, Dresdner, Danielle C., Flackett, Lydia, Haratsaris, Nicholas, Linger, Morgan I, Misener, Jay H., Patti, Samuel, Pine, Tawanchai P., Marikar, Nasreen, Matessi, Giorgio, Routledge, Allie C., Alkaabi, Suhail, Bartman, Jessica L., Bisacca, Gabrielle E., Busch, Celeste, Edwards, Bree, Staudenmier, Caitlyn, Starling, Travis, McVey, Caden, Montano, Maximus, Contizano, Charles J., Taylor, Eleanor, McIntyre, James K., Victory, Andrew, McCammon, Glen S., Kimlicko, Aspen, Sheldrake, Tucker, Shelchuk, Grace, Von Reich, Ferin J., Hicks, Andrew J., O'neill, Ian, Rossman, Beth, Taylor, Liam C., MacDonald, William, Becker, Simone E., Han, Soonhee, O'Sullivan, Cian, Wilcove, Isaac, Brennan, David J., Hanley, Luke C., Hull, Owen, Wilson, Timothy R., Kalmus, Madison H., Berv, Owen A., Harris, Logan Swous, Doan, Chris H, Londres, Nathan, Parulekar, Anish, Adam, Megan M., Angwin, Abigail, Cabbage, Carter C., Colleran, Zachary, Pietras, Alex, Seux, Octave, Oros, Ryan, Wilkinson, Blake C., Nguyen, Khoa D, Trank-Greene, Maedee, Barone, Kevin M., Snyder, G. L., Biehle, Samuel J, Billig, Brennen, Almquist, Justin Thomas, Dixon, Alyssa M., Erickson, Benjamin, Evans, Nathan, Genne, SL, Kelly, Christopher M, Marcus, Serafima M., Ogle, Caleb, Patel, Akhil, Vendetti, Evan, Courtney, Olivia, Deel, Sean, Del Foco, Leonardo, Gjini, Michael, Haines, Jessica, Hoff, Isabelle J., Jones, M. R., Killian, Dominic, Kuehl, Kirsten, Kuester, Chrisanne, Lantz, Maxwell B., Lee, Christian J, Mauer, Graham, McKemey, Finbar K., Millican, Sarah J., Rosasco, Ryan, Stewart, T. C., VanEtten, Eleanor, Derwin, Zachary, Serio, Lauren, Sickler, Molly G., Blake, Cassidy A., Patel, Neil S., Fox, Margaret, Gray, Michael J, Ziegler, Lucas J., Kumar, Aman Priyadarshi, Polly, Madelyn, Mesgina, Sarah, McMorris, Zane, Griffin, Kyle J., Haile, L. N., Bassel, Claire, Dixon, Thomas J., Beattie, Ryan, Houck, Timothy J, Rodgers, Maeve, Trofino, Tyson R., Lukianow, Dax, Smart, Korben, Hall, Jacqueline L., Bone, Lauren, Baldwin, James O., Doane, Connor, Almohsen, Yousef A., Stamos, Emily, Acha, Iker, Kim, Jake, Samour II, Antonio E., Chavali, S., Kanokthippayakun, Jeerakit, Gotlib, Nicholas, Murphy, Ryan C., Archibald, Jack. W., Brimhall, Alexander J, Boyer, Aidan, Chapman, Logan T., Chadda, Shivank, Sibrell, Lisa, Vallery, Mia M., Conroy, Thomas C., Pan, Luke J., Balajonda, Brian, Fuhrman, Bethany E. S., Alkubaisi, Mohamed, Engelstad, Jacob, Dodrill, Joshua, Fuchs, Calvin R., Bullard-Connor, Gigi, Alhuseini, Isehaq, Zygmunt, James C., Sipowicz, Leo, Hayrynen, Griffin A., McGill, Riley M., Keating, Caden J., Hart, Omer, Cyr, Aidan St., Steinsberger, Christopher H., Thoman, Gerig, Wood, Travis M., Ingram, Julia A., Dominguez, J., Georgiades, Nathaniel James, Johnson, Matthew, Johnson, Sawyer, Pedersen, Alexander J., Ralapanawe, Anoush K, Thomas, Jeffrey J., Sato, Ginn A., Reynolds, Hope, Nasser, Liebe, Mizzi, Alexander Z., Damgaard, Olivia, Baflah, Abdulrahman A., Liu, Steven Y., Salindeho, Adam D., Norden, Kelso, Gearhart, Emily E., Krajnak, Zack, Szeremeta, Philip, Amos, Meggan, Shin, Kyungeun, Muckenthaler, Brandon A., Medialdea, Melissa, Beach, Simone, Wilson, Connor B., Adams, Elena R, Aldhamen, Ahmed, Harris, Coyle M., Hesse, Troy M., Golding, Nathan T., Larter, Zachary, Hernandez, Angel, Morales, Genaro, Traxler, Robert B., Alosaimi, Meshal, Fitton, Aidan F., Aaron, James Holland, Lee, Nathaniel F., Liao, Ryan Z., Chen, Judy, French, Katherine V., Loring, Justin, Colter, Aurora, McConvey, Rowan, Colozzi, Michael, Vann, John D., Scheck, Benjamin T., Weigand, Anthony A, Alhabeeb, Abdulelah, Idoine, Yolande, Woodard, Aiden L., Medellin, Mateo M., Ratajczyk, Nicholas O, Tobin, Darien P., Collins, Jack C., Horning, Thomas M., Pellatz, Nick, Pitten, John, Lordi, Noah, Patterson, Alyx, Hoang, Thi D, Zimmermann, Ingrid H, Wang, Hongda, Steckhahn, Daniel, Aradhya, Arvind J., Oliver, Kristin A., Cai, Yijian, Wang, Chaoran, Yegovtsev, Nikolay, Wu, Mengyu, Ganesan, Koushik, Osborne, Andrew, Wickenden, Evan, Meyer, Josephine C., Chaparro, David, Visal, Aseem, Liu, Haixin, Menon, Thanmay S., Jin, Yan, Wilson, John, Erikson, James W., Luo, Zheng, Shitara, Nanako, Nelson, Emma E, Geerdts, T. R., Ortiz, Jorge L Ramirez, and Lewandowski, H. J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Flare frequency distributions represent a key approach to addressing one of the largest problems in solar and stellar physics: determining the mechanism that counter-intuitively heats coronae to temperatures that are orders of magnitude hotter than the corresponding photospheres. It is widely accepted that the magnetic field is responsible for the heating, but there are two competing mechanisms that could explain it: nanoflares or Alfv\'en waves. To date, neither can be directly observed. Nanoflares are, by definition, extremely small, but their aggregate energy release could represent a substantial heating mechanism, presuming they are sufficiently abundant. One way to test this presumption is via the flare frequency distribution, which describes how often flares of various energies occur. If the slope of the power law fitting the flare frequency distribution is above a critical threshold, $\alpha=2$ as established in prior literature, then there should be a sufficient abundance of nanoflares to explain coronal heating. We performed $>$600 case studies of solar flares, made possible by an unprecedented number of data analysts via three semesters of an undergraduate physics laboratory course. This allowed us to include two crucial, but nontrivial, analysis methods: pre-flare baseline subtraction and computation of the flare energy, which requires determining flare start and stop times. We aggregated the results of these analyses into a statistical study to determine that $\alpha = 1.63 \pm 0.03$. This is below the critical threshold, suggesting that Alfv\'en waves are an important driver of coronal heating., Comment: 1,002 authors, 14 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, published by The Astrophysical Journal on 2023-05-09, volume 948, page 71

Published
2023
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138. Documenting adaptations to an evidence-based intervention in 58 resource-variable pediatric oncology hospitals across implementation phases

Author

Alejandra Catalina Quesada-Stoner, Sayeda Islam, Amela Siječić, Sara Malone, Maria F. Puerto-Torres, Adolfo Cardenas, Kim Prewitt, Yvania Alfonso Carreras, Shilel Y. Alvarez-Arellano, Deiby Argüello-Vargas, Gloria I. Ceballo-Batista, Rosdali Diaz-Coronado, Maria do Céu Diniz Borborema, Jacqueline Estefany Toledo, Ever Fing, Zunilda Garay, Cinthia J. Hernández-González, Yajaira V. Jimenez-Antolinez, María S. Juárez Tobías, Laura Lemos de Mendonça e Fontes, Norma A. Lopez-Facundo, Jose Miguel Mijares Tobias, Scheybi T. Miralda-Méndez, Erika Montalvo, Zairie Niguelie Cawich, Carlos Andres Portilla Figueroa, Marcela Sahonero, María Sánchez-Martín, Marcia X. Serrano-Landivar, Valeria Soledad García, Annie Vasquez, Daniela María Velásquez Cabrera, Bobbi J. Carothers, Rachel C. Shelton, Dylan Graetz, Carlos Acuña, Douglas A. Luke, Virginia R. R. McKay, Asya Agulnik, and the INSPIRE Study Group

Subjects
Pediatric Early Warning Systems (PEWS), Sustainability, Adaptation, Modifications, Latin America, Fidelity, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background Adaptation of evidence-based interventions (EBIs) often occurs when implemented in new local contexts and settings. It is unclear, however, during which phase of implementation adaptations are most frequently made and how these changes may impact the fidelity, effectiveness, and sustainability of the EBI. Pediatric Early Warning Systems (PEWS) are EBIs for early identification of deterioration in hospitalized children with cancer. This study evaluates adaptations of PEWS made among resource-variable pediatric oncology hospitals in Latin America implementing and sustaining PEWS. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among pediatric oncology centers participating in Proyecto Escala de Valoración de Alerta Temprana (EVAT), a collaborative to implement PEWS. Adaptations to PEWS were assessed via 3 multiple choice and 1 free text question administered as part of a larger study of PEWS sustainability. Descriptive statistics quantitatively described what, when, and why adaptations were made. Qualitative analysis of free text responses applied the Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications Expanded (FRAME) to describe respondent perspectives on PEWS adaptations. Results We analyzed 2,094 responses from 58 pediatric oncology centers across 19 countries in Latin America. Participants were predominantly female (82.5%), consisting of nurses (57.4%) and physicians (38.2%) who were PEWS implementation leaders (22.1%) or clinical staff (69.1%). Respondents described multiple PEWS adaptations across all implementation phases, with most occurring during the planning and piloting of EBIs. Adaptations included changes to PEWS content (algorithm, scoring tool, terminology, and use frequency) and context (personnel delivering or population). Respondents felt adaptations streamlined monitoring, enhanced effectiveness, improved workflow, increased comprehension, and addressed local resource limitations. Qualitative analysis indicated that most adaptations were categorized as fidelity consistent and planned; fidelity inconsistent adaptations were unplanned responses to unanticipated challenges. Conclusion Adaptations made to PEWS across implementation phases demonstrate how EBIs are adapted to fit dynamic, real-world clinical settings. This research advances implementation science by highlighting EBI adaptation as a potential strategy to promote widespread implementation and sustainability in hospitals of all resource levels.

Published
2024
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139. Evaluating a virtual facilitation workshop with antimicrobial stewardship teams within a cluster randomized stepped-wedge trial

Author

Sara Malone, Kelly Bono, Jacqueline M. Saito, Shawn Rangel, Jingxia Liu, Jason G. Newland, and Virginia McKay

Subjects
Facilitation training, Implementation strategy, Antimicrobial stewardship, Pediatrics, Surgical prophylaxis, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) often function naturally as facilitators within clinical hospital settings, by working with individuals and teams to reduce unnecessary antibiotics. Within implementation science, facilitation has been studied and evaluated as an implementation strategy that can accelerate and improve fidelity to implementation efforts. This study describes a novel, virtual facilitation strategy developed and served as an intervention within the optimizing perioperative antibiotics for children trial (OPERATIC trial). This paper: (1) describes ASP team’s preferences for and use of a facilitation workshop and (2) describes sustained use of facilitation skills throughout the study period. Methods Study participants included antimicrobial stewardship team members from the nine children’s hospitals that participated in this study and completed facilitation training. All individuals who completed facilitation training were asked to evaluate the training through an online survey. Additionally, site leads were interviewed by the site coordinator every other month and asked about their team’s use of facilitation skills throughout the rest of the study period. Survey data were managed and coded in R, and qualitative interview data were analyzed using rapid methodology. Results 30 individuals, including both physicians and pharmacists, completed the evaluation. Individuals largely rated themselves as novice facilitators (53%). Individuals reported satisfaction with virtual facilitation and identified different components of the workshops as valuable. An additional 108 interviews were performed throughout the study period. These interviews found that facilitators reported using all skills throughout the study period and described varied use of skills over time. All nine sites applied facilitation strategies, team building techniques, and communication/conflict skills at some point during the intervention phase. Conclusion We describe the use of virtual facilitation as an acceptable and appropriate strategy to enhance facilitation skills for ASP teams working to reduce unnecessary postoperative antibiotics. Participants reported different useful components of facilitation training and described using differing facilitation skills throughout the trial. Overall, the use of facilitation skills continued throughout the duration of the study period. This paper outlines how facilitation training can be conducted virtually in a way that is feasible and acceptable to clinicians. Trial registration NCT04366440, April 24, 2020.

Published
2024
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140. Lowering the burden: Shorter versions of the Program Sustainability Assessment Tool (PSAT) and Clinical Sustainability Assessment Tool (CSAT)

Author

Sara Malone, Kim Prewitt, Virginia McKay, Luke Zabotka, Caren Bacon, and Douglas A. Luke

Subjects
Measurement development, Psychometrics, Program sustainability, Clinical sustainability, Organizational capacity, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background Although significant advances have been made in the conceptualization of sustainability, having pragmatic, psychometrically valid tools remains a need within the field. Our previous work has developed frameworks and tools to assess both program sustainability and clinical sustainability capacity. This work presents new, psychometrically tested short versions of the Program Sustainability Assessment Tool (PSAT) and the Clinical Sustainability Assessment Tool (CSAT). Methods These methods were conducted in identical, parallel processes for the CSAT and PSAT. Previously collected data for these instruments was obtained across a variety of settings, contexts, and participants. We first conducted testing to determine cronbach’s alpha of shortened domains (3 items each) and then conducted Confirmatory Factor Analysis to ensure that the domains were still appropriate for the tool. After, the team met to review the results and determine the final versions of the short PSAT and short CSAT. Results The short PSAT retained cronbach’s alpha’s of 0.82 – 0.91 for each domain of the tool, with which maintains excellent reliability for the tool. Confirmatory factor analysis highlights that the short PSAT retains conceptual distinction across the 8 domains, with CFI scores greater than 0.90, RMSEA scores below 0.6, and SRMR scores less than 0.08. The short CSAT had cronbach’s alpha of 0.84 – 0.92 for each of the domains of the tool, also suggesting excellent reliability of the domains within the measure after dropping two items/domain. Confirmatory factor analysis of the short CSAT meets the same specifications as above, again highlighting conceptual distinction across the domains. Conclusion Each tool was able to be shortened to three items per domain while maintaining strong psychometric properties. This results in a tool that takes less time to complete, meeting one of the key calls for pragmatic measures within implementation science. This advances our abilities to measure and test sustainability within implementation science.

Published
2024
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141. International expert opinion on the considerations for combining vosoritide and limb surgery: a modified delphi study

Author

Silvio Boero, Julia Vodopiutz, Mohamad Maghnie, Josep M. de Bergua, Ignacio Ginebreda, Hiroshi Kitoh, Micha Langendörfer, Antonio Leiva-Gea, Jason Malone, Philip McClure, Gabriel T. Mindler, Dmitry Popkov, Robert Rodl, Pablo Rosselli, Fabio Verdoni, Viktor Vilenskii, and Aaron J. Huser

Subjects
Achondroplasia, Bone lengthening, Deformity correction, Modified Delphi process, Limb surgery, Management, Medicine
Abstract

Abstract Background Achondroplasia is the most common form of skeletal disorder with disproportionate short stature. Vosoritide is the first disease-specific, precision pharmacotherapy to increase growth velocity in children with achondroplasia. Limb surgery is a standard approach to increase height and arm span, improve proportionality and functionality, as well as correcting deformities. The aim of this study was to gain expert opinion on the combined use of vosoritide and limb surgery in children and adolescents with achondroplasia. Methods An international expert panel of 17 clinicians and orthopaedic surgeons was convened, and a modified Delphi process undertaken. The panel reviewed 120 statements for wording, removed any unnecessary statements, and added any that they felt were missing. There were 26 statements identified as facts that were not included in subsequent rounds of voting. A total of 97 statements were rated on a ten-point scale where 1 was ‘Completely disagree’ and 10 ‘Completely agree’. A score of ≥ 7 was identified as agreement, and ≤ 4 as disagreement. All experts who scored a statement ≤ 4 were invited to provide comments. Results There was 100% agreement with several statements including, “Achieve a target height, arm span or upper limb length to improve daily activities” (mean level of agreement [LoA] 9.47, range 8–10), the “Involvement of a multidisciplinary team in a specialist centre to follow up the patient” (mean LoA 9.67, range 7–10), “Planning a treatment strategy based on age and pubertal stage” (mean LoA 9.60, range 8–10), and “Identification of short- and long-term goals, based on individualised treatment planning” (mean LoA 9.27, range 7–10), among others. The sequence of a combined approach and potential impact on the physes caused disagreement, largely due to a lack of available data. Conclusions It is clear from the range of responses that this modified Delphi process is only the beginning of new considerations, now that a medical therapy for achondroplasia is available. Until data on a combined treatment approach are available, sharing expert opinion is a vital way of providing support and guidance to the clinical community.

Published
2024
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142. PHF6 cooperates with SWI/SNF complexes to facilitate transcriptional progression

Author

Priya Mittal, Jacquelyn A. Myers, Raymond D. Carter, Sandi Radko-Juettner, Hayden A. Malone, Wojciech Rosikiewicz, Alexis N. Robertson, Zhexin Zhu, Ishwarya V. Narayanan, Baranda S. Hansen, Meadow Parrish, Natarajan V. Bhanu, Robert J. Mobley, Jerold E. Rehg, Beisi Xu, Yiannis Drosos, Shondra M. Pruett-Miller, Mats Ljungman, Benjamin A. Garcia, Gang Wu, Janet F. Partridge, and Charles W. M. Roberts

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Genes encoding subunits of SWI/SNF (BAF) chromatin remodeling complexes are mutated in nearly 25% of cancers. To gain insight into the mechanisms by which SWI/SNF mutations drive cancer, we contributed ten rhabdoid tumor (RT) cell lines mutant for SWI/SNF subunit SMARCB1 to a genome-scale CRISPR–Cas9 depletion screen performed across 896 cell lines. We identify PHF6 as specifically essential for RT cell survival and demonstrate that dependency on Phf6 extends to Smarcb1-deficient cancers in vivo. As mutations in either SWI/SNF or PHF6 can cause the neurodevelopmental disorder Coffin-Siris syndrome, our findings of a dependency suggest a previously unrecognized functional link. We demonstrate that PHF6 co-localizes with SWI/SNF complexes at promoters, where it is essential for maintenance of an active chromatin state. We show that in the absence of SMARCB1, PHF6 loss disrupts the recruitment and stability of residual SWI/SNF complex members, collectively resulting in the loss of active chromatin at promoters and stalling of RNA Polymerase II progression. Our work establishes a mechanistic basis for the shared syndromic features of SWI/SNF and PHF6 mutations in CSS and the basis for selective dependency on PHF6 in SMARCB1-mutant cancers.

Published
2024
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143. Predictors of enrollment in a virtual diabetes prevention program among women veterans: a retrospective analysis

Author

Allyson Malone, Kimberly Clair, Catherine Chanfreau, Bevanne Bean-Mayberry, Rebecca Oberman, Rachel Lesser, Cody Knight, Erin Finley, Alison Hamilton, Melissa M. Farmer, and Tannaz Moin

Subjects
Diabetes prevention, Women’s health, Implementation science, Remote healthcare delivery, Veterans, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) is a nationally disseminated lifestyle intervention shown to prevent type 2 diabetes (diabetes). However, enrollment in the program remains variable. We sought to identify patient characteristics associated with enrollment in a virtual DPP program among women Veterans to inform ongoing diabetes prevention efforts. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of 2021–2024 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) data collected through the VA Enhancing Mental and Physical Health of Women through Engagement and Retention (EMPOWER) 2.0 Program, an effectiveness-implementation trial to expand access to preventative health services for women Veterans. We included women meeting DPP eligibility criteria (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 [or ≥ 23 if Asian] with ≥ 1 risk factor for diabetes [e.g., prediabetes]) who received care at six VA sites implementing virtual DPP. We used logistic regression to examine the association between DPP enrollment and prior use of VA preventive services for weight management or diabetes prevention including the VA MOVE! clinic, Whole Health visits, nutrition visits, weight loss medications, and/or metformin. We adjusted for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, number of DPP recruitment contacts, and site. Results A total of 1473 women Veterans received DPP outreach. On average, their age was 53 years (range 20–96), BMI 34 kg/m2, HbA1c 5.9%, 0.7% were Asian, 44% Black, 2% Hispanic, and 44% White. In our adjusted models, prior use of VA preventative services was not significantly associated with DPP enrollment. Younger women (OR:0.97, p = 0.002) and those who received more recruitment contacts (OR:2.63, p

Published
2024
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144. Search for leptoquark pair production decaying into $$te^- \bar{t}e^+$$ t e - t ¯ e + or $$t\mu ^- \bar{t}\mu ^+$$ t μ - t ¯ μ + in multi-lepton final states in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 13\,\textrm{TeV}$$ s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Author

ATLAS Collaboration, G. Aad, B. Abbott, D. C. Abbott, K. Abeling, S. H. Abidi, A. Aboulhorma, H. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, Y. Abulaiti, A. C. Abusleme Hoffman, B. S. Acharya, B. Achkar, C. Adam Bourdarios, L. Adamczyk, L. Adamek, S. V. Addepalli, J. Adelman, A. Adiguzel, S. Adorni, T. Adye, A. A. Affolder, Y. Afik, M. N. Agaras, J. Agarwala, A. Aggarwal, C. Agheorghiesei, J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra, A. Ahmad, F. Ahmadov, W. S. Ahmed, S. Ahuja, X. Ai, G. Aielli, I. Aizenberg, M. Akbiyik, T. P. A. Åkesson, A. V. Akimov, K. Al Khoury, G. L. Alberghi, J. Albert, P. Albicocco, S. Alderweireldt, M. Aleksa, I. N. Aleksandrov, C. Alexa, T. Alexopoulos, A. Alfonsi, F. Alfonsi, M. Alhroob, B. Ali, S. Ali, M. Aliev, G. Alimonti, W. Alkakhi, C. Allaire, B. M. M. Allbrooke, P. P. Allport, A. Aloisio, F. Alonso, C. Alpigiani, E. Alunno Camelia, M. Alvarez Estevez, M. G. Alviggi, M. Aly, Y. Amaral Coutinho, A. Ambler, C. Amelung, M. Amerl, C. G. Ames, D. Amidei, S. P. Amor Dos Santos, S. Amoroso, K. R. Amos, V. Ananiev, C. Anastopoulos, T. Andeen, J. K. Anders, S. Y. Andrean, A. Andreazza, S. Angelidakis, A. Angerami, A. V. Anisenkov, A. Annovi, C. Antel, M. T. Anthony, E. Antipov, M. Antonelli, D. J. A. Antrim, F. Anulli, M. Aoki, T. Aoki, J. A. Aparisi Pozo, M. A. Aparo, L. Aperio Bella, C. Appelt, N. Aranzabal, V. Araujo Ferraz, C. Arcangeletti, A. T. H. Arce, E. Arena, J-F. Arguin, S. Argyropoulos, J.-H. Arling, A. J. Armbruster, O. Arnaez, H. Arnold, Z. P. Arrubarrena Tame, G. Artoni, H. Asada, K. Asai, S. Asai, N. A. Asbah, K. Assamagan, R. Astalos, R. J. Atkin, M. Atkinson, N. B. Atlay, H. Atmani, P. A. Atmasiddha, K. Augsten, S. Auricchio, A. D. Auriol, V. A. Austrup, G. Avner, G. Avolio, K. Axiotis, M. K. Ayoub, G. Azuelos, D. Babal, H. Bachacou, K. Bachas, A. Bachiu, F. Backman, A. Badea, P. Bagnaia, M. Bahmani, A. J. Bailey, V. R. Bailey, J. T. Baines, C. Bakalis, O. K. Baker, P. J. Bakker, E. Bakos, D. Bakshi Gupta, S. Balaji, R. Balasubramanian, E. M. Baldin, P. Balek, E. Ballabene, F. Balli, L. M. Baltes, W. K. Balunas, J. Balz, E. Banas, M. Bandieramonte, A. Bandyopadhyay, S. Bansal, L. Barak, E. L. Barberio, D. Barberis, M. Barbero, G. Barbour, K. N. Barends, T. Barillari, M-S. Barisits, T. Barklow, R. M. Barnett, P. Baron, D. A. Baron Moreno, A. Baroncelli, G. Barone, A. J. Barr, L. Barranco Navarro, F. Barreiro, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, U. Barron, M. G. Barros Teixeira, S. Barsov, F. Bartels, R. Bartoldus, A. E. Barton, P. Bartos, A. Basalaev, A. Basan, M. Baselga, I. Bashta, A. Bassalat, M. J. Basso, C. R. Basson, R. L. Bates, S. Batlamous, J. R. Batley, B. Batool, M. Battaglia, D. Battulga, M. Bauce, P. Bauer, A. Bayirli, J. B. Beacham, T. Beau, P. H. Beauchemin, F. Becherer, P. Bechtle, H. P. Beck, K. Becker, A. J. Beddall, V. A. Bednyakov, C. P. Bee, L. J. Beemster, T. A. Beermann, M. Begalli, M. Begel, A. Behera, J. K. Behr, C. Beirao Da Cruz E Silva, J. F. Beirer, F. Beisiegel, M. Belfkir, G. Bella, L. Bellagamba, A. Bellerive, P. Bellos, K. Beloborodov, K. Belotskiy, N. L. Belyaev, D. Benchekroun, F. Bendebba, Y. Benhammou, D. P. Benjamin, M. Benoit, J. R. Bensinger, S. Bentvelsen, L. Beresford, M. Beretta, D. Berge, E. Bergeaas Kuutmann, N. Berger, B. Bergmann, J. Beringer, S. Berlendis, G. Bernardi, C. Bernius, F. U. Bernlochner, T. Berry, P. Berta, A. Berthold, I. A. Bertram, S. Bethke, A. Betti, A. J. Bevan, M. Bhamjee, S. Bhatta, D. S. Bhattacharya, P. Bhattarai, V. S. Bhopatkar, R. Bi, R. M. Bianchi, O. Biebel, R. Bielski, M. Biglietti, T. R. V. Billoud, M. Bindi, A. Bingul, C. Bini, S. Biondi, A. Biondini, C. J. Birch-sykes, G. A. Bird, M. Birman, T. Bisanz, E. Bisceglie, D. Biswas, A. Bitadze, K. Bjørke, I. Bloch, C. Blocker, A. Blue, U. Blumenschein, J. Blumenthal, G. J. Bobbink, V. S. Bobrovnikov, M. Boehler, D. Bogavac, A. G. Bogdanchikov, C. Bohm, V. Boisvert, P. Bokan, T. Bold, M. Bomben, M. Bona, M. Boonekamp, C. D. Booth, A. G. Borbély, H. M. Borecka-Bielska, L. S. Borgna, G. Borissov, D. Bortoletto, D. Boscherini, M. Bosman, J. D. Bossio Sola, K. Bouaouda, N. Bouchhar, J. Boudreau, E. V. Bouhova-Thacker, D. Boumediene, R. Bouquet, A. Boveia, J. Boyd, D. Boye, I. R. Boyko, J. Bracinik, N. Brahimi, G. Brandt, O. Brandt, F. Braren, B. Brau, J. E. Brau, K. Brendlinger, R. Brener, L. Brenner, R. Brenner, S. Bressler, B. Brickwedde, D. Britton, D. Britzger, I. Brock, G. Brooijmans, W. K. Brooks, E. Brost, T. L. Bruckler, P. A. Bruckman de Renstrom, B. Brüers, D. Bruncko, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, M. Bruschi, N. Bruscino, L. Bryngemark, T. Buanes, Q. Buat, P. Buchholz, A. G. Buckley, I. A. Budagov, M. K. Bugge, O. Bulekov, B. A. Bullard, S. Burdin, C. D. Burgard, A. M. Burger, B. Burghgrave, J. T. P. Burr, C. D. Burton, J. C. Burzynski, E. L. Busch, V. Büscher, P. J. Bussey, J. M. Butler, C. M. Buttar, J. M. Butterworth, W. Buttinger, C. J. Buxo Vazquez, A. R. Buzykaev, G. Cabras, S. Cabrera Urbán, D. Caforio, H. Cai, Y. Cai, V. M. M. Cairo, O. Cakir, N. Calace, P. 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Tsybychev, Y. Tu, A. Tudorache, V. Tudorache, A. N. Tuna, S. Turchikhin, I. Turk Cakir, R. Turra, T. Turtuvshin, P. M. Tuts, S. Tzamarias, P. Tzanis, E. Tzovara, K. Uchida, F. Ukegawa, P. A. Ulloa Poblete, E. N. Umaka, G. Unal, M. Unal, A. Undrus, G. Unel, J. Urban, P. Urquijo, G. Usai, R. Ushioda, M. Usman, Z. Uysal, L. Vacavant, V. Vacek, B. Vachon, K. O. H. Vadla, T. Vafeiadis, A. Vaitkus, C. Valderanis, E. Valdes Santurio, M. Valente, S. Valentinetti, A. Valero, A. Vallier, J. A. Valls Ferrer, T. R. Van Daalen, P. Van Gemmeren, M. Van Rijnbach, S. Van Stroud, I. Van Vulpen, M. Vanadia, W. Vandelli, M. Vandenbroucke, E. R. Vandewall, D. Vannicola, L. Vannoli, R. Vari, E. W. Varnes, C. Varni, T. Varol, D. Varouchas, L. Varriale, K. E. Varvell, M. E. Vasile, L. Vaslin, G. A. Vasquez, F. Vazeille, T. Vazquez Schroeder, J. Veatch, V. Vecchio, M. J. Veen, I. Veliscek, L. M. Veloce, F. Veloso, S. Veneziano, A. Ventura, A. Verbytskyi, M. Verducci, C. Vergis, M. Verissimo De Araujo, W. Verkerke, J. C. Vermeulen, C. Vernieri, P. J. Verschuuren, M. Vessella, M. C. Vetterli, A. Vgenopoulos, N. Viaux Maira, T. Vickey, O. E. Vickey Boeriu, G. H. A. Viehhauser, L. Vigani, M. Villa, M. Villaplana Perez, E. M. Villhauer, E. Vilucchi, M. G. Vincter, G. S. Virdee, A. Vishwakarma, C. Vittori, I. Vivarelli, V. Vladimirov, E. Voevodina, F. Vogel, P. Vokac, J. Von Ahnen, E. Von Toerne, B. Vormwald, V. Vorobel, K. Vorobev, M. Vos, J. H. Vossebeld, M. Vozak, L. Vozdecky, N. Vranjes, M. Vranjes Milosavljevic, M. Vreeswijk, R. Vuillermet, O. Vujinovic, I. Vukotic, S. Wada, C. Wagner, W. Wagner, S. Wahdan, H. Wahlberg, R. Wakasa, M. Wakida, V. M. Walbrecht, J. Walder, R. Walker, W. Walkowiak, A. M. Wang, A. Z. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, R.-J. Wang, R. Wang, S. M. Wang, S. Wang, T. Wang, W. T. Wang, X. Wang, Y. Wang, Z. Wang, A. Warburton, R. J. Ward, N. Warrack, A. T. Watson, H. Watson, M. F. Watson, G. Watts, B. M. Waugh, A. F. Webb, C. Weber, H. A. Weber, M. S. Weber, S. M. Weber, C. Wei, Y. Wei, A. R. Weidberg, J. Weingarten, M. Weirich, C. Weiser, C. J. Wells, T. Wenaus, B. Wendland, T. Wengler, N. S. Wenke, N. Wermes, M. Wessels, K. Whalen, A. M. Wharton, A. S. White, A. White, M. J. White, D. Whiteson, L. Wickremasinghe, W. Wiedenmann, C. Wiel, M. Wielers, N. Wieseotte, C. Wiglesworth, L. A. M. Wiik-Fuchs, D. J. Wilbern, H. G. Wilkens, D. M. Williams, H. H. Williams, S. Williams, S. Willocq, P. J. Windischhofer, F. Winklmeier, B. T. Winter, J. K. Winter, M. Wittgen, M. Wobisch, R. Wölker, J. Wollrath, M. W. Wolter, H. Wolters, V. W. S. Wong, A. F. Wongel, S. D. Worm, B. K. Wosiek, K. W. Woźniak, K. Wraight, J. Wu, M. Wu, S. L. Wu, X. Wu, Y. Wu, Z. Wu, J. Wuerzinger, T. R. Wyatt, B. M. Wynne, S. Xella, L. Xia, M. Xia, J. Xiang, X. Xiao, M. Xie, X. Xie, S. Xin, J. Xiong, I. Xiotidis, D. Xu, H. Xu, L. Xu, R. Xu, T. Xu, W. Xu, Y. Xu, Z. Xu, B. Yabsley, S. Yacoob, N. Yamaguchi, Y. Yamaguchi, H. Yamauchi, T. Yamazaki, Y. Yamazaki, J. Yan, S. Yan, Z. Yan, H. J. Yang, H. T. Yang, S. Yang, T. Yang, X. Yang, Y. Yang, Z. Yang, W-M. Yao, Y. C. Yap, H. Ye, J. Ye, S. Ye, X. Ye, Y. Yeh, I. Yeletskikh, B. K. Yeo, M. R. Yexley, P. Yin, K. Yorita, S. Younas, C. J. S. Young, C. Young, M. Yuan, R. Yuan, L. Yue, X. Yue, M. Zaazoua, B. Zabinski, E. Zaid, T. Zakareishvili, N. Zakharchuk, S. Zambito, J. A. Zamora Saa, J. Zang, D. Zanzi, O. Zaplatilek, S. V. Zeißner, C. Zeitnitz, J. C. Zeng, D. T. Zenger, O. Zenin, T. Ženiš, S. Zenz, S. Zerradi, D. Zerwas, B. Zhang, D. F. Zhang, G. Zhang, J. Zhang, K. Zhang, L. Zhang, P. Zhang, R. Zhang, S. Zhang, T. Zhang, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Zhang, H. Zhao, P. Zhao, T. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Z. Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, X. Zheng, Z. Zheng, D. Zhong, B. Zhou, C. Zhou, H. Zhou, N. Zhou, Y. Zhou, C. G. Zhu, C. Zhu, H. L. Zhu, H. Zhu, J. Zhu, Y. Zhu, X. Zhuang, K. Zhukov, V. Zhulanov, N. I. Zimine, J. Zinsser, M. Ziolkowski, L. Živković, A. Zoccoli, K. Zoch, T. G. Zorbas, O. Zormpa, W. Zou, and L. Zwalinski

Subjects
Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Abstract A search for leptoquark pair production decaying into $$te^- \bar{t}e^+$$ t e - t ¯ e + or $$t\mu ^- \bar{t}\mu ^+$$ t μ - t ¯ μ + in final states with multiple leptons is presented. The search is based on a dataset of pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13~\text {TeV} $$ s = 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb $$^{-1}$$ - 1 . Four signal regions, with the requirement of at least three light leptons (electron or muon) and at least two jets out of which at least one jet is identified as coming from a b-hadron, are considered based on the number of leptons of a given flavour. The main background processes are estimated using dedicated control regions in a simultaneous fit with the signal regions to data. No excess above the Standard Model background prediction is observed and 95% confidence level limits on the production cross section times branching ratio are derived as a function of the leptoquark mass. Under the assumption of exclusive decays into $$te^{-}$$ t e - ( $$t\mu ^{-}$$ t μ - ), the corresponding lower limit on the scalar mixed-generation leptoquark mass $$m_{\textrm{LQ}_{\textrm{mix}}^{\textrm{d}}}$$ m LQ mix d is at 1.58 (1.59) TeV and on the vector leptoquark mass $$m_{{\tilde{U}}_1}$$ m U ~ 1 at 1.67 (1.67) TeV in the minimal coupling scenario and at 1.95 (1.95) TeV in the Yang–Mills scenario.

Published
2024
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145. Astrocytes and the tumor microenvironment inflammatory state dictate the killing of glioblastoma cells by Smac mimetic compounds

Author

Kyle Malone, Melanie Dugas, Nathalie Earl, Tommy Alain, Eric C. LaCasse, and Shawn T. Beug

Subjects
Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract

Abstract Smac mimetic compounds (SMCs) are small molecule drugs that sensitize cancer cells to TNF-α-induced cell death and have multiple immunostimulatory effects through alterations in NF-κB signaling. The combination of SMCs with immunotherapies has been reported to result in durable cures of up to 40% in syngeneic, orthotopic murine glioblastoma (GBM) models. Herein, we find that SMC resistance is not due to a cell-intrinsic mechanism of resistance. We thus evaluated the contribution of GBM and brain stromal components to identify parameters leading to SMC efficacy and resistance. The common physiological features of GBM tumors, such as hypoxia, hyaluronic acid, and glucose deprivation were found not to play a significant role in SMC efficacy. SMCs induced the death of microglia and macrophages, which are the major immune infiltrates in the tumor microenvironment. This death of microglia and macrophages then enhances the ability of SMCs to induce GBM cell death. Conversely, astrocytes promoted GBM cell growth and abrogated the ability of SMCs to induce death of GBM cells. The astrocyte-mediated resistance can be overcome in the presence of exogenous TNF-α. Overall, our results highlight that SMCs can induce death of microglia and macrophages, which then provides a source of death ligands for GBM cells, and that the targeting of astrocytes is a potential mechanism for overcoming SMC resistance for the treatment of GBM.

Published
2024
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146. Hard X-ray inverse Compton scattering at photon energy of 87.5 keV

Author

Yusuke Sakai, Marcus Babzien, Mikhail Fedurin, Karl Kusche, Oliver Williams, Atsushi Fukasawa, Brian Naranjo, Alex Murokh, Ronald Agustsson, Andrew Simmonds, Paul Jacob, George Stenby, Robert Malone, Mikhail Polyanskiy, Igor Pogorelsky, Mark Palmer, and James Rosenzweig

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Production of hard X-ray via inverse Compton scattering at photon energies below 100 keV range aimed at potential applications in medicine and material research is reported. Experiments have been performed at the Brookhaven National Laboratory, Accelerator Test Facility, employing the counter collision of a 70 MeV, 0.3 nC electron beam with a near infra-red Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm wavelength) pulse containing ~ 100 mJ in a single shot basis. The radiation distribution of the scattered photon beam is assessed to be sufficiently quasi monochromatic to produce clear contrast from the Au K- edge at 80.7 keV.

Published
2024
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147. A prospective non-randomized feasibility study of an online membership-based fitness program for promoting physical activity in people with mobility impairments

Author

Laurie A. Malone, Tapan Mehta, Christen J. Mendonca, Sangeetha Mohanraj, and Mohanraj Thirumalai

Subjects
Physical disability, Physical activity, Online fitness, Community program, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background People with mobility limitations have a disproportionately higher rate of acquiring secondary conditions such as obesity, cardiovascular comorbidity, pain, fatigue, depression, deconditioning, and type 2 diabetes. These conditions often result from poor access to home and community-based health promotion/wellness programs. The aim of this project was to determine the feasibility of delivering an online community membership-based fitness program for individuals with mobility impairments. Methods For this prospective single-arm study, participants were recruited from members of a community fitness facility that serves people with physical disabilities and chronic health conditions. While all members had access to the online platform, individuals had to opt-in to participate in the research component. Activity options included 16 pre-recorded videos and 9 live exercise classes. During the 8-week program, participants had an opportunity to earn three exercise incentives for reaching certain activity milestones. Enrollment percentage, attendance, and attrition were tracked to assess program feasibility and acceptability. Changes in participant-reported outcomes including self-reported physical activity, psychosocial outcomes, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) were examined using non-parametric analyses. Results A total of 146 eligible individuals were screened of which 33 enrolled (22.6%). Two participants withdrew from the study, so a total of 31 were used for analyses. Participants included 29 women and 12 Black people with an average age of 60 (± 15.9) years. Health conditions included stroke, post-polio, arthritis, neuropathy, cerebral palsy, and obesity. Ten participants used an assistive device to get around inside the home. Twenty-six participants (78.8%) completed the online program, and 5 participants earned all 3 participation incentives. The mean number of live Zoom exercise classes attended by the participants was 12.8 (range = 0–43) over 8 weeks; 3 of 31 participants did not attend any classes. On average, participants watched 128 min (range = 0–704 min) of pre-recorded videos; 6 of 31 participants did not view any pre-recorded videos. Self-reported physical activity showed the largest improvement (11.15 units; 95% CI, 3.08, 19.56) with an effect size of 0.51 (Cohen’s d). Conclusions This pilot study of an online membership-based fitness program for people with mobility impairments demonstrated preliminary effectiveness in increasing physical activity and was found to be feasible and acceptable. Feasibility endpoints do indicate potential to improve retention. These results suggest that online delivery of exercise programs can broaden the reach of specialized community fitness programs and is a promising direction for future work and fully powered trials are warranted to assess intervention efficacy. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05138809. Registered September 2, 2021, ClinicalTrials.gov PRS: Record Summary NCT05138809.

Published
2024
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148. The Whole World in Your Hands: Explorations in Sustainability Education Using Geospatial Tools

Author

Danielle J. Malone, J. B. Firestone, J. A. Morrison, S. N. Newcomer, and L. K. Lightner

Abstract

This paper describes the integration of geographic information system (GIS) technology in a high school environmental science classroom, specifically examining the impact of GIS technology on student engagement, critical thinking, and interdisciplinary learning for Education for Sustainability (EfS). This environmental science classroom utilized ArcGIS Online and StoryMaps to facilitate hands-on learning, enabling students to explore spatial relationships, analyze data, and communicate insights to foster engagement and critical thinking. This GIS technology promotes interdisciplinary learning by connecting essential environmental issues with location and other social factors. Students deepen their understanding of human-environment interactions by interpreting spatial data, empowering them to propose sustainable solutions to environmental challenges. Using ArcGIS Online and StoryMaps, students engaged in guided lessons, explored sustainability topics, and created their own StoryMaps based on the United Nations' (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The findings highlight positive engagement, critical thinking, and interdisciplinary learning impacts. Students demonstrated increased interest, understanding of complex issues, and developed analytical skills through spatial data analysis. The approach encouraged interdisciplinary thinking and expanded awareness of ongoing environmental challenges, supporting EfS goals.

Published
2024
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149. Moving School Psychology beyond the Clouds of Injustice: A Blue Sky Discussion

Author

Celeste M. Malone

Abstract

This paper based on the opening address for the 2023-2024 School Psychology Futures Conference, reflects on contemporary inequities in school psychology practice, research, and graduate education. Challenges as the profession reckons with its oppressive past are highlighted. Drawing on concepts from liberation psychology, critical school psychology, and the psychology of radical healing, the author presents a vision for school psychology's reimagined future with steps that can be executed across all levels (e.g., practice, research, graduate education, advocacy and leadership). In order to imagine a new future for school psychology, we must not repeat the mistakes of our past and instead demonstrate cultural humility, center marginalized communities, and embrace anti-oppressive and liberatory approaches. This will allow school psychology to meet its potential and become a profession that effectively serves ALL children and youth.

Published
2024
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150. Uncovering Student Negotiations in a Secondary Science Classroom: A Structure-Agency Perspective

Author

Danielle Jo Malone

Abstract

This research seeks to understand how secondary science students make space for themselves in the classroom. Specifically, this study examines the interplay between classroom structures and students' agentic negotiations while identifying the relationship between students' enacted agency and their authored science identities by drawing from a sociological framework, structure-agency. An embedded case study was constructed from interviews, observations, and documents collected in a twelve-week Earth Science classroom. The collaborators involved in this study consisted of one monolingual science teacher and six linguistically diverse students. The findings reveal that students expressed agency in the classroom by challenging conventional pedagogical practices through direct negotiations with the teacher. This study highlights moments of student agency where they advocated for themselves and their peers to reshape classroom instructional and curricular structures for more active learning experiences. Structural constraints that shape the classroom space, influence teacher decision-making, and limit students' agency are exposed through data analysis. Science educators can reconsider their approach to instruction to cultivate inclusive learning spaces that value students' unique abilities and experiences by recognizing the nuanced reasoning for expressions of student agency. This study contributes to the evolution of science education by promoting strategies that prioritize student agency as a catalyst for meaningful instruction. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]

Published
2024

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