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The development of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies has greatly contributed to deciphering the tumor microenvironment (TME). An enormous amount of independent scRNA-seq studies have been published representing a valuable resource that provides opportunities for meta-analysis studies. However, the massive amount of biological information, the marked heterogeneity and variability between studies, and the technical challenges in processing heterogeneous datasets create major bottlenecks for the full exploitation of scRNA-seq data. We have developed IMMUcan scDB (https://immucanscdb.vital-it.ch), a fully integrated scRNA-seq database exclusively dedicated to human cancer and accessible to nonspecialists. IMMUcan scDB encompasses 144 datasets on 56 different cancer types, annotated in 50 fields containing precise clinical, technological, and biological information. A data processing pipeline was developed and organized in four steps: (i) data collection; (ii) data processing (quality control and sample integration); (iii) supervised cell annotation with a cell ontology classifier of the TME; and (iv) interface to analyze TME in a cancer type–specific or global manner. This framework was used to explore datasets across tumor locations in a gene-centric (CXCL13) and cell-centric (B cells) manner as well as to conduct meta-analysis studies such as ranking immune cell types and genes correlated to malignant transformation. This integrated, freely accessible, and user-friendly resource represents an unprecedented level of detailed annotation, offering vast possibilities for downstream exploitation of human cancer scRNA-seq data for discovery and validation studies. Significance: The IMMUcan scDB database is an accessible supportive tool to analyze and decipher tumor-associated single-cell RNA sequencing data, allowing researchers to maximally use this data to provide new insights into cancer biology.

This paper aims to provide views on efforts to ground religious moderation education, primarily through managing Islamic education based on religious moderation in the 4.0 era. This study is a type of qualitative research with a library research approach. The data collection carried out in this article was obtained through reviewing or exploring various literature studies. The results show that an increase in Islamic education management can be done through technology and an increase in human resources who are aware of science and technology accompanied by a balance of the quality of faith and piety to have a solid spiritual, intellectual and moral foundation. In addition, the reform of the Islamic education system is in the aspects of paradigms, concepts, frameworks, and evaluations. The conclusion is that it is necessary to improve the management of Islamic education so that it develops better based on religious moderation, which can be used as a spiritual, moral, and intellectual laboratory.

Metallic glass (MG) is a promising coating material developed to enhance the surface hardness of metallic substrates, with laser cladding having become popular to develop such coatings. MGs properties are affected by the laser cladding variables (laser power, scanning speed, spot size). Meanwhile, the substrate surface roughness significantly affects the geometry and hardness of the laser-cladded MG. In this research, Fe-based MG was laser-cladded on substrates with different surface roughness. For this purpose, the surfaces of the substrate were prepared for cladding using two methods: sandpaper polishing (SP) and sandblasting (SB), with two levels of grit size used for each method (SP150, SP240, SB40, SB100). The experiment showed that substrate surface roughness affected the geometry and hardness of laser-cladded Fe-based MG. To predict and optimize the geometry and hardness of laser-cladded Fe-based MG single tracks at different substrate surface roughness, a fuzzy logic control system (FLCS) was developed. The FLCS results indicate that it is an efficient tool to select the proper preparation technique of the substrate surface for higher clad hardness and maximum geometry to minimize the number of cladding tracks for full surface cladding.

Plantar warts are common cutaneous lesions caused by the human papillomavirus. Treatment of recalcitrant plantar warts stays a continuous challenge, and they are more refractory to treatment than common warts. To compare the efficacy of Long-Pulsed neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser versus pulsed dye laser (PDL) on the therapy of multiple recalcitrant plantar warts. Thirty patients with recalcitrant plantar warts were included in the current study. Half the number of warts were treated by PDL in each patient, while the other half were treated by Nd:YAG. Laser sessions were applied every 2 weeks for a maximum of six sessions. Patients were followed up both clinically and using dermoscopy. There was a complete clearance of warts in 20 patients (66.7%) with Nd:YAG laser and 19 patients (63.3%) with PDL with no statistically significant difference between both types of lasers. Pain during laser sessions was higher with Nd:YAG laser PDL and it was statistically significant (

The purpose of this study was to analyze the final grade assessment items in the odd semester of Arabic for fifth-grade students at MI Kebomlati Tuban for the 2020/2021 academic year. This study uses a quantitative approach. The data in this study were obtained through question sheet documents and answers to the fifth-grade students of MI Kebomlati Tuban and were analyzed using formulas according to classical test theory (CTT) by using test validity based on the difference in power, the level of difficulty, and the question fraud. The results of this study are: (1) the results of the different power test show that there are 2 items with very good quality of difference, 19 good items, 7 medium items and 7 other items that do not have different power, even 1 of them has a value negative. So that the 7 items cannot be used; (2) at the level of difficulty, 9 items were found in the "difficult" category, 19 items were in the "medium" category and 14 items were in the "easy" category; (3) As for the quality of distractors in the final assessment questions of this semester, on average, they function well. Keywords: Questions, Question Quality, Evaluation, Arabic Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis butir soal penilaian akhir semester ganjil (PAS) mata pelajaran Bahasa Arab siswa kelas V di MI Kebomlati Tuban Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui dokumen lembar soal dan jawaban siswa kelas V MI Kebomlati Tuban, dan dianalisis menggunakan rumus-rumus sesuai teori tes klasik (TTK) dengan menggunakan validitas tes berdasarkan daya beda, tingkat kesukaran, dan pengecoh soal. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) hasil uji daya beda menunjukkan terdapat 2 butir soal dengan kualitas daya beda sangat baik, 19 butir soal baik, 7 butir soal sedang dan 7 butir soal lainya tidak memiliki daya beda, bahkan 1 soal diantaranya bernilai negatif. Sehingga 7 butir soal tersebut tidak dapat digunakan; (2) pada tingkat kesukaran ditemukan terdapat 9 butir soal masuk dalam kategori “sukar”, 19 butir soal dengan kategori “sedang” dan 14 butir soal dalam kategori “mudah”; (3) adapun kualitas pengecoh dalam soal penilaian akhir semester ini rata-rata berfungsi dengan baik. Kata kunci: Butir soal, Kualitas soal, Evaluasi, Bahasa Arab

Kesandingan, one of the rituals in Probolinggo, East Java, is a cultural phenomenon that mingles with religious elements of society. It is something sacred and mystical that parents do when a toddler (an infant under three years old) experiences heat illness for days, tends to be fussy, cries a lot, and cannot sleep at night. This research aims to explain the process of symbolic communication of kesandingan ritual and to understand the symbolic meaning behind the ritual. It is a descriptive-qualitative study through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data analysis uses a qualitative-naturalistic technique. The result demonstrates that the symbolic communication process of kesandingan ritual in Mentor, Sumberasih, Probolinggo, comprises seven series: burning incense, wiping incense smoke on the child's face, giving the child holy water to drink, wiping the child with floral water, preparing food, making a wish on the child's bed, and distributing food. Meanwhile, the symbolic meaning of kesandingan ritual refers to divine, social and personal dimensions. Ritual kesandingan merupakan salah satu ritual masyarakat Probolinggo Jawa Timur yang sudah menjadi fenomena budaya yang berbaur dengan unsur religi masyarakat. Ritual kesandingan merupakan sesuatu yang sakral dan mistis yang dilakukan orang tua saat anak batita (bawah tiga tahun) mengalami sakit panas berhari-hari, rewel, kerap menangis dan tidak bisa tidur terutama malam hari. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan proses komunikasi simbolik ritual kesandingan dan memahami makna simbolik dibalik ritual tersebuat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif-kualitatif, pengumpulan datanya melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan analisis datanya menggunakan teknik analisa data kualitatif-naturalistik. Sebagai hasilnya, diketahui bahwa proses komunikasi simbolik ritual kesandingan di desa Mentor Kecamatan Sumberasih Kabupaten Probolinggo meliputi tujuh rangkaian yaitu: membakar kemenyan, mengusap asap kemenyan ke wajah anak, memberi minuman kepada anak dengan air doa, mengusap wajah anak dengan air bunga, menyiapkan makanan, memanjatkan doa ditempat tidur anak, dan membagikan makanan. Sedangkan makna simbolik ritual kesandingan mencakup tiga dimensi, yaitu: dimensi ketuhanan, sosial, dan personal.

Penelitian ini berangkat dari keunikan siswa MAN 1 Kota Malang yang menggunakan cara belajar Maharah Qira’ah dengan model Discovery Learning dengan kemampuan belajar mandiri yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan gambaran strategi belajar, proses kegiatan belajar mengajar, dan kelebihan serta kekurangan yang ditimbulkan. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif, dengan teknik observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi terhadap subyek penelitian kelas XI-MIPA 2 yang berjumlah 38 siswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem pembelajaran online bukan menjadi kendala belajar, terbukti bahwa model pembelajaran Discovery Learning pun dapat terlaksana dengan baik dalam pembelajaran Maharah Qira’ah secara virtual. Adapun kelebihannya siswa tetap merasa semangat karena dapat dengan bebas mengeksplorasi kemampuan mereka, tidak hanya ketika Kegiatan Belajar Mengajar tetapi juga kreatifitas belajar mandiri dan berkarya. Kekurangannya terbatas waktu jam pelajaran virtual sehingga mempengaruhi kedalaman pemahaman siswa.

Background: Varicocele is abnormal dilatation and tortuosity of the testicular vein within the spermatic cord. Laparoscopic varicocelectomy is a minimally invasive procedure that can easily be performed by simple instruments. Not only can the bilateral varicocele be easily dealt with through the same ports, but other procedures, such as hernia repair, can also be simultaneously performed. It is the best approach when recurrent disease and obesity are problems. Objective: To assess and compare between the open and laparoscopic varicocelectomy approaches in treatment of varicocele as regards postoperative results, complications and efficacy of the technique. Patients and methods: This prospective study was done on 30 patients with primary varicocele at Aswan University Hospital. They were classified into two equal groups. Group-A underwent open subinguinal varicocele repair. Group-B underwent laparoscopic varicocelectomy using the intraperitoneal approach. Results: There were no significant differences between both groups as regard age and laterality. Postoperative pain was reported in 100% of patients in both groups. The open subinguinal procedure and laparoscopic varicocelectomy showed significant difference as regarding postoperative complications in favor of laparoscopic procedure, while both procedure showed no significant difference regarding improvement of semen parameters. Conclusion: Laparoscopic varicocelectomy is better than open technique as regard operation time, postoperative complications (Wound erythema, wound infection, epididymitis, and recurrence) and postoperative hospital stay while other studies revealed that the microsurgical technique is the best of all.

This study was conducted to evaluate heavy metals pollution in sediments of the Nile River- Damietta Branch using mathematical models of heavy metal indices (enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), degree of contamination (DC) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo)). The results showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in sediment samples, followed the order of Fe> Zn> Pb> Co> Ni> Cu> Mg. The EF for each heavy metal element was calculated relative to the background values after normalization with the Fe element. According to the mean values of EFs, the descending order of heavy metals enrichment in the sediments was: Cd >Fe> Pb > Co > Zn > Ni > Cu (greater to lower). Cd was considered to poses significant to very high enrichment along with the different stations along the study area. In addition, it recorded very high contamination (7.41±0.71) and Igeo mean value (6.50 ± 1.32) along the study area. PLI values varied between 0.813 and 2.331 along the study area with a mean value of 1.338 ± 0.477. This result showed a considerable degree of contamination (mean value =16.442 ± 7.136) along the branch. However, stations 3, 5, 9 and 10 recorded a very high degree of contamination with values (30.901, 33.867, 56.932 and 48.536), respectively. HI values of heavy metal order was: Cd (239.63) > Pb (72.65) > Co (34.732) > Ni (14.457) > Zn (5.952) > Cu (4.719) > Fe (2.896). With respect to human health, Ni, Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Co were identified as potential contaminants. whereas, Pb, Cd and Cu are classified as non-carcinogenic by Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.

Purpose Pediatric laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR) for laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) mandates stenting in certain situations. This study presents a novel commercially available and cost-effective stent, a refashioned foley catheter. Methods This prospective clinical study was performed on pediatric cases with LTS up to 8 years. The study was performed in a tertiary referral center. The selection of the proper foley catheter size for age was explained. The atraumatic insertion maneuver of the stent was also shown in detail in different situations of LTS. The endoscopic removal of the stent was also described. The mean follow-up was 6.45 ± 1.3 months. Results The study included 31 cases using the refashioned foley catheter stents. The study included 17 males and 14 females with a mean age of 3.45 ± 1.09. Subglottic stenosis was the most common cause of LTR in the study (74.2%) cases. The mean duration of stenting was 40.5 ± 3.7 days. Decannulation was achieved in 96.8% of cases. No stent complications were encountered like stent migration, excess granulation tissue, intractable aspiration, or pressure necrosis. Conclusion The refashioned foley catheter is a novel, available, and inexpensive stent that can be utilized for LTR cases for pediatric LTS. The newly described stent is soft, pliable with atraumatic insertion and easy endoscopic removal with minimal complications.

Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is a common condition associated with loss of terminal hair on the scalp in a specific pattern in both males and females. Management of AGA is usually challenging as the approved therapeutic options are limited. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of non-enzymatic stromal vascular fraction (SVF) as a new promising treatment for AGA. From April to December 2021, this prospective study included 30 patients with AGA who were enrolled from the University Hospitals' dermatology outpatient clinics. Patients received a single session of autologous SVF injection and were then followed up for 6 months. There was an increase in hair shaft caliber from 0.037 ± 0.01 mm before treatment with SVF to 0.056 ± 0.02 mm after 6 months of treatment. Also, hair count/cm2 increased from 130.87 ± 14/cm2 to 151.93 ± 22.36/cm2 and terminal to vellus hair ratio increased from 77.06 ± 10.47% to 81.45 ± 11.98% at the end of the study. No significant difference was recorded between male and female groups as regard response to treatment. We concluded that SVF is an effective line of treatment for AGA with significant improvement regarding hair density, hair diameter, global photography, and patient satisfaction.

Background : Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a scarring alopecia with a complex pathogenesis that is not completely clear yet. Objective : The aims of the study were to evaluate serum PPAR gamma levels and gene polymorphism in a sample of Egyptian FFA patients.Methods : The case-control study included 93 FFA female patients, and 157 matching apparently healthy control subjects. Patients were subjected to clinical and trichoscopic examinations to diagnose FFA according to the updated diagnostic criteria. FFA severity was evaluated using FFA severity index (FFASI). Serum PPARγ levels and gene polymorphisms were assessed in all participants using ELISA and PCR techniques respectively.Results : Serum PPARγ levels in patients’ group were significantly lower than that of control subjects’ group. PPARG (Pro12Ala) gene polymorphism was significantly predominant in FFA patients when compared to the control subjects. Patients carrying polymorphic genotypes showed significantly reduced serum PPARγ levels when compared to patients carrying the wild genotype. Limitations : Compliance of patients didn’t allow to evaluate PPARγ agonist therapeutic efficacy and safety on FFA.Conclusion : PPARγ may play an important role in FFA development. It might have a potential utility as biomarker in FFA.

Background: The continuous revolution of electronic media has many negative effects on preschool children as sleep disturbance, behavioral problems, obesity, cognitive and language problems, and social-emotional delay. Aim of the study: The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of excessive electronic media exposure in developing sleep disorders among preschool children. Subjects and method: Research design: A prospective descriptive research design was used to accomplish the aim of the present study. Setting: The present study was conducted at four governmental nursery schools in Zagazig city. Subjects: 160 mothers of preschool children were selected by using a multistage cluster sampling technique. Tools of data collections: Data were collected by using an interview questionnaire sheet composed of three parts: Sociodemographic data, Excessive electronic media exposure questionnaire, and Sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC) in preschool age. Results: The study results revealed that 96.7% of children who exposed to media more than 4 hours daily have high sleep disorders at second measurement. Additionally, there were a statistically significant differences regarding sleep disorders domains (initiation/maintenance, excessive somnolence and sleep-wake transition disorders) at second measurement compared to first one. Conclusion: The study concluded that increasing hours of daily exposure to media accompanied with high level of sleep disorders. Recommendations: it is recommended that Health education programs for parents about the negative effects of excessive exposure to electronic media on quality and quantity of sleep among preschool children.

Foreign language is one of the fundamental elements in creating the world class university. To realize a world class university, the excellent Arabic language learning program is necessary to meet the needs of international communication in the internal and external environment of the campus. This study aimed to explore and analyze the Arabic language learning program at UIN Maliki Malang. The research data were obtained from the interview with campus governance and direct observation of Arabic learning program activities and the documentation of strategic planning of Arabic language learning programs to create a world class university. The interviews were conducted with 10 people of campus institution governance. The results showed that Arabic language learning program in realizing a world class university is an implementation of the university's vision which is contained in the development of an integrated curriculum and ulul albab character. The curriculum is designed in the form of a "tree of knowledge" construction. To form solid scientific roots, linguistic strengthening is needed so that its branches and its twigs are strong too. Language strengthening is manifested in the form of the Special Arabic Language Class Program (PKPBA), Ma'had al-jami'ah program and intensive training for educators and educational staff. These findings indicate that the integration of Arabic language learning programs between internal campus institutions is a measure of success in realizing a world class university. The recommendation for further research was to measure the effectiveness of each program at UIN Maliki Malang.

Background The sustainable development goals were launched by the United Nations in 2015. Its fifth goal was describing the achievement of universal health coverage by 2030. This goal reaffirms the importance of investing in the development and training of the global health workforce. In alliance with this, the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP) has published reports about pharmacy workforce planning in several countries. However, data about Qatar were not included in these reports. In 2017, FIP developed a transformational roadmap of pharmaceutical workforce and education. One systematic framework component of the roadmap is the Pharmaceutical Workforce Development Goals (DG[w]s) that were released in late 2016 and subsequently incorporated into the more comprehensive Global Development Goals1 in 2020, encompassing not only workforce development, but additionally practice and pharmaceutical science development. This study aimed to evaluate the current situation of pharmacy workforce and education in Qatar in relation to the original 13 Pharmaceutical Workforce Development Goals (DG[w]s). The objective was to identify the gaps in pharmacy workforce and education and to recommend evidence-led strategies to be included in both the Ministry of Public Health and the Qatar University College of Pharmacy workforce development plans. Methods Three rounds of conventional Delphi technique were conducted with expert panels of key decision-makers in pharmacy practice from the College of Pharmacy at Qatar University and the Ministry of Public Health, utilizing the FIP’s self-assessment survey. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyze and prioritize the identified gaps from the collected data. DG[w] was considered “met” if all the provided indicators were achieved, “partially met” if at least one of the indicators were achieved, and “not met” if none of the indicators were achieved Results The lack of competency framework (DG[w]5), workforce data (DG[w]12), and workforce policy formation (DG[w]13) are three major gaps in the provision of pharmaceutical workforce and pharmacy education in Qatar, influencing other DG[w]s. These gaps need to be addressed by the formation of Qatar Pharmaceutical Association through which academic, practice, and policymaking sectors can work together in developing health workforce intelligence system. Conclusion The results indicated that DG[w]s are interrelated and a gap in one goal can negatively influence others. Results and recommendations of this research will facilitate the implementation of strategic plans across leading pharmacy sectors to meet health needs in Qatar and achieve the third pillar of the Qatar National Vision 2030.Other Information Published in: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/See article on publisher's website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40545-021-00305-y

Kidney fibrosis is the hallmark of chronic kidney disease progression; however, at present no antifibrotic therapies exist1–3. The origin, functional heterogeneity and regulation of scar-forming cells that occur during human kidney fibrosis remain poorly understood1,2,4. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we profiled the transcriptomes of cells from the proximal and non-proximal tubules of healthy and fibrotic human kidneys to map the entire human kidney. This analysis enabled us to map all matrix-producing cells at high resolution, and to identify distinct subpopulations of pericytes and fibroblasts as the main cellular sources of scar-forming myofibroblasts during human kidney fibrosis. We used genetic fate-tracing, time-course single-cell RNA sequencing and ATAC–seq (assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing) experiments in mice, and spatial transcriptomics in human kidney fibrosis, to shed light on the cellular origins and differentiation of human kidney myofibroblasts and their precursors at high resolution. Finally, we used this strategy to detect potential therapeutic targets, and identified NKD2 as a myofibroblast-specific target in human kidney fibrosis.

Background: Vascular calcification is a common complication in end-stage renal disease patients and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Aim of the work: The current work aimed to evaluate the possible relationship between vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism FokI with fetuin-A and intact parathormone hormone in Egyptian hemodialysis patients. Patient and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study including 50 hemodialysis patients attending the hemodialysis unit in Al-Zahra University Hospital and 30 apparently healthy persons as a control group. For all studied subjects, a detailed history was taken, physical examination, carotid intima-media thickness by carotid duplex, echocardiography, Laboratory investigations included serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, iPTH, fetuin, and genotype frequency by PCR Results: There was a highly significant increase in carotid intimal media thickness in the patient group Vs. control group & a highly significant decrease in serum Fetuin-A in the patient's group Vs. control group. There was a significant difference in the genotype distribution of FokI polymorphism among patients and control. There were significant negative relationships between FF genotype and iPTH and a highly significant negative correlation between serum fetuin-A and iPTH in the patient group. Conclusion: Vitamin D receptor gene FokI polymorphism FF genotyping is more frequent in hemodialysis patients who have higher iPTH and lower fetuin-A levels, which could identify the high-risk group susceptible to vascular calcification in hemodialysis patients. Further studies are needed.

The study evaluated the effect of pasteurization temperatures and storage methods on physicochemical properties and sensory attributes of cantaloupe juice. Cantaloupe juice was pasteurized at (85 °C/90 sec and 95 °C/45 sec) and the juice was stored at (4 °C and room temperature) for 28 days. Pasteurization at 95 °C for 45 seconds has a good effect on nutritional values compared with pasteurization at 85 °C for 90 seconds. The refrigerator storage at 4 °C for 28 days allowed maintaining a higher level of quality parameters compared to ambient storage. The results of HPLC analysis confirmed that flavonoids are primarily responsible for the antioxidant activity in the cantaloupe juice, which accounts for 43.71% of total phenolic compounds in the cantaloupe juice. Pasteurization at 85 °C/90 sec harmed sensory attributes while pasteurization at 95 °C/45 sec maintained all sensory attributes. Also, the increase in the storage period leads to a noticeable decrease in the sensory attributes.

Surface and groundwater are the main sources of water supply in Libya. This study aims to assess the water quality index for drinking and irrigation purposes. 15 surfaces and 47 groundwater samples are collected in an area where lies in Al Jabal Al Akhdar region, northeast Libya. Water quality parameters such as temperature (T), pH levels, EC, TDS, TH, TAK, major cations ( Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and NH4+) and major anions (Cl-, PO43-, HCO3-, NO3-, SO42- and NO2-) were measured. Water quality indices including SAR, % Na, RSC, PI, MH, Kelly’s Ratio and PS were also computed. Main water types were classified based on Piper trilinear diagram. The results revealed a basic pH level for surface water with a maximum level of 7.88. In addition, it is also exhibited a basic pH level for groundwater in the wet season and changed from acidic to basic in the dry season with a maximum level of 8.1. This indicates high-level concentrations of bicarbonate in water samples as measured. It observed that the ratio between TDS and EC increased with the decrease of pH levels, which indicates more releasing inorganic matter. Calcium and sodium are the dominant cations while Bicarbonate and sulfate are the dominant anions in water samples. Based on the U.S salinity, the Wilcox, and the Doneen classifications, the obtained results revealed that the surface water is suitable for drinking and irrigation purposes. Meanwhile, the groundwater is classified between excellent and doubtful except for some samples that were classified as unfit for irrigation purposes. Furthermore and based on the Piper diagram, the water types are classified as calcium sulfate, sodium chloride and as calcium bicarbonate. The water statuses categorization, based on the computational method of water quality index for drinking and irrigation agree with that concluded by US salinity, the Wilcox, and the Doneen diagram.

The color influence the acceptance of consumers for the final product of strawberry jam. The red color of anthocyanin is susceptible to degradation by heat treatments and storage of jam. Mixing strawberries with other byproducts may improve the color and develop a new product with higher quality and nutrition value. Watermelon rind was applied to fortify strawberry jam at different ratios of 0% (control), 20% (T1), 40% (T2), 60% (T3), and 80% (T4) to strawberry puree. Blends were mixed with sucrose (1: 0.8), and the heating was continued until the final TSS reached 68° Brix. Jams analyzed for physicochemical and sensory characteristics after processing and 180 days of storage. The stability of anthocyanin, color parameters, bioactive compounds, sensorial quality were improved by using watermelon rind at 20% and 40% compared with the other treatments by store end. Therefore, we recommend by addition watermelon rind to strawberry jam at the mentioned ratios especially at T1 (20%) to improve the color of strawberry jam produced.

In the present study, the adsorption characteristics of the alum sludge (AS) waste from Rod El-Farag water treatment plant was improved by treatment with acidic rice husk (RH) and Nano-Magnetite (N.M) to form Nano-Magnetite composite (ASRHNMC). This composite gained new characteristics of large surface area, mesoporous structure and magnetic properties and it was used as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) as a cationic dye from aqueous solution. (AS) and (ASRHNMC) were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, BET N2, EDX, SEM, TEM and XRF and were compared to adsorption ability against MB dye. The pH of the solution, sorbent dose, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature were investigated using batch sorption technique for (MB) dye. The experimental results have pointed out that the adsorption equilibrium data is fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm reflecting favor formation of monolayer of MB dye on composite surface. The value of enthalpy change indicating that the removal process is endothermic. The adsorption process follows pseudo-second order rate equation and the negative values of standard free energy (DG◦) suggested that the adsorption process is spontaneous. The repeatability and regeneration studies of (ASRHNMC) for adsorption of MB were investigated and the results indicated the ability of reuse this composite several times in removal of MB from aqueous solutions.

This research aims to explain the content of the divine discourse of the Prophet (PBUH) by describing the message and the prophet hood as well as directives and rules within the (call) khiṭâb for the Prophet and his ummah. The method used in this research is the inductive approach by restricting the verses in which the call is described by explaining the message and prophethood in the Holy Quran and listing the sayings of scholars and interpreters. Next, the descriptive and analytical methods are used to derive some judgments related to the verses. The research has reached conclusions that the call to describe the message and prophet hood in the Quran included on a number of rulings, including his amusement, in some places, and his command to communicate the call of God The Almighty. Some of them are related to the legislation of fighting, jihad, the rulings of prisoners, and some of them were in the matter of husbands and wives of the believers in general.

Background The artificial syrups on the market are known with many harmful health effects for using unnatural colors and flavors. This study evaluated the effect of different compositions of syrups and storage on the quality and nutritional value of syrups produced from three types of high nutritional vegetables such as carrot, sweet potato, and tomato, at weighting ratios T1 (6:2:2), T2 (5:3:2), T3 (4:4:2), T4 (3:5:2), and T5 (2:6:2). Pasteurization was performed at 85 °C/25 s for concentrated syrup at 65°Brix. Physicochemical analyses were applied to the recovered drink at 14°Brix every 2 months for 6 months. Results Ascorbic acid, carotenoids, lycopene, color values, total phenols, and antioxidant activity gradually decreased in all treatments during storage, while acidity and browning increased. Increasing sweet potatoes about 4% or decreasing under 3% harmed the overall acceptability of the syrups. Conclusion Finally, the findings revealed that T2 and T3 were the most suitable samples on storage. Therefore, our data recommended producing syrups from carrot, sweet potato, and tomato with the same composition of T2 and T3, which give a more attractive taste and flavor similar to apricot juice.

Background Reducing maternal mortality ratios (MMRs) remain an important public health issue in Egypt. The three delays model distinguished three phases of delay to be associated with maternal mortality: 1) first phase delay is delay in deciding to seek care; 2) second phase delay is delay in reaching health facilities; and 3) third phase delay is delay in receiving care in health facilities. Increased health services’ coverage is thought to be associated with a paradigm shift from first and second phase delays to third phase delay as main factor contributing to MMR. This study aims to examine the contribution of the three delays in relation to maternal deaths. Methods During a 10 year period (2008–2017) 207 maternal deaths were identified in a tertiary hospital in Minia governorate, Egypt. Data were obtained through reviewing medical records and verbal autopsy for each case. Then data analysis was done in the context of the three delays model. Results From 2008 to 2017 MMR in this hospital was 186/100.000 live births. Most frequent causes of maternal mortality were postpartum hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and sepsis. Third phase delay occurred in 184 deaths (88.9%), second phase delay was observed in 104 deaths (50%), always together with other phases of delay. First phase delay alone was observed in 13 deaths (6.3%) and in 82 deaths (40%) with other phases of delay. One fifth of the women had experienced all three phases of delay together. Major causes of third phase delay were delayed referral from district hospitals, non-availability of skilled staff, lack of blood transfusion facilities and shortage of drugs. Conclusions There is a paradigm shift from first and second phases of delay to the third phase of delay as a major contributor to maternal mortality. Reduction of maternal mortality can be achieved through improving logistics, infrastructure and health care providers’ training. Trial registration This study is a retrospective study registered locally and approved by the ethical committee of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Minia University Hospital on 1/4/2016 (Registration number: MUEOB0002).

Religious texts written in Arabic are created as a symbol that is not independent from the influence of cultural and social societies. Arab society, which adheres to the patriarchi system in their life, greatly affects every arrangement of their lives as well as Arabic language. It finally creates gender bias in the Arabic language. The gender bias has explicit symbol / word / sign in Arabic which is called function. Meanwhile, Islam itself contains the source of the Qur’an and hadith which are written in Arabic that strongly supports the dignity of women and men in equal rights and position. To answer the problem above, researchers used qualitative and descriptive research methods to express the form of words and language in context. Meanwhile, data analysis is analyzed by using the theory of disassociation Jacques Derrida to find discrepancies in the content of the text through three stages . The first stage, the verbal stage is a critical reading by finding paradoxes and contradictions in the text. The second stage, the textual stage, attempts to find a deeper meaning in the whole text. The third stage, the linguistic stage, is the stage in which the reader requests the appropriateness of the text, its error and its excessive language. The results of this research is expected to finding gender bias in Arabic language and the factors which cause the problems of gender bias in Arabic and our perspecitve of religous texts written in Arabic. Thus, this research is significant as it contributes in Arabic language.

Background Kidney injuries that result in chronic inflammation initiate crosstalk between stressed resident cells and infiltrating immune cells. In animal models, whole-body receptor Notch3 deficiency protects from leukocyte infiltration and organ fibrosis. However, the relative contribution of Notch3 expression in tissue versus infiltrating immune cells is unknown. Methods Chimeric mice deficient for Notch3 in hematopoietic cells and/or resident tissue cells were generated, and kidney fibrosis and inflammation after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) were analyzed. Adoptive transfer of labeled bone marrow-derived cells validated the results in a murine Leishmania ear infection model. In vitro adhesion assays, integrin activation, and extracellular matrix production were analyzed. Results Fibrosis follows UUO, but inflammatory cell infiltration mostly depends upon Notch3 expression in hematopoietic cells, which coincides with an enhanced proinflammatory milieu (e.g., CCL2 and CCL5 upregulation). Notch3 expression on CD45+ leukocytes plays a prominent role in efficient cell transmigration. Functionally, leukocyte adhesion and integrin activation are abrogated in the absence of receptor Notch3. Chimeric animal models also reveal that tubulointerstitial fibrosis develops, even in the absence of prominent leukocyte infiltrates after ureteral obstruction. Deleting Notch3 receptors on resident cells blunts kidney fibrosis, ablates NF-κB signaling, and lessens matrix deposition. Conclusions Cell-specific receptor Notch3 signaling independently orchestrates leukocyte infiltration and organ fibrosis. Interference with Notch3 signaling may present a novel therapeutic approach in inflammatory as well as fibrotic diseases.

The hyaluronidase enzyme has been used in many such fields of medicine as ophthalmology, orthopaedia, internal medicine, gynecology, surgery, oncology and dermatology. In this study, the hyaluronidase enzyme was purified and characterized for the first time from Egyptian bee venom homogeneously using DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-300 columns. Bee venom hyaluronidase specific activity was 411.7 units/mg protein with 49.9% yield and 3.23-fold purification. The molecular weight of the purified bee venom hyaluronidase native form was 37 kDa. The purified enzyme was found homogeneous on native PAGE and SDS-PAGE, with two congruent subunits of 18.4 kDa and isoelectric point (pI) of 8.6–8.8. The enzyme was found to be stable over a wide range of temperature (20–60°C) and pH (4.5–6.5), and its optimum activity at 37°C, pH 5.4 and 0.15 M NaCl. K m for bee venom hyaluronidase was 0.029 mg/ml hyaluronic acid and its activity was elevated in presence of MgCl2 and ZnCl2 and lowered in presence of FeCl2. Heparin inhibited the hyaluronidase enzyme noncompetitively with a Ki value of 2.9 units heparin and one binding site on the enzyme molecule.

This paper concentrated on hesitancy as a character's flaw from the Freudian psychoanalysis focal point. Hamlet's uncertainty is especially identified with his natural complex which frames his oblivious love for his mom and his lethal abhor for his dad. Freud's ideas of man's concealed want for annihilation and eradication may shape the reason for understanding Hamlet's craving for death and suicide as demonstrated by his popular monologs. Ridiculousness and agnosticism in Hamlet's activities mirror the intrinsic human conduct and flaw. The paper suggests that Hamlet's play ought to be remembered for cutting edge writing courses for its lavishness in examples of general human conduct, for example, the recurrence that is natural to human activities on different events. Educators should expand under study's attention to the nearness of hesitancy and uncertainty as a flaw that can prompt pulverization as Hamlet does. Key words: Character, critics, flaw, Freudian psychoanalysis, Hamlet play, hesitancy, tragedy.

Arabic learning in the senior high school level still requires good planning to be able to carry out the process and evaluation of learning in accordance with the desired goals. Arabic l earning in Indonesia is still focused on the delivery of material using traditional methods, only a few schools have developed the Arabic learning process in accordance with the demands of 21 st century learning. It is appropriate that Arabic learning can internalize the values of soft skills in terms of cognitive, affective or psychomotor through attractive and innovative learning designs. This study aims to construct materials, media , method and evaluation that are in accordance with 21 st century in Arabic language learning designs. Th is research method used a qualitative method based on text analysis. Therefore, the analysis used in reading and interpreting qualitative data is content analysis and system analysis. The results of this research recommend that Arabic learning designs for high school level suitable for the 21 st century should contain; 1) must construct material by contextual material, 2) using technology and informat ion, 3) using cooperative learning model based on HOTS in learning process, 4 ) e valuation using authentic assessment . Arabic learning in a holistic and integra l way can answer the challenges of the 21 st century . This paper discusses reformulate learning bas ed on learning in the global era as an ideal alternative for Arabic learning.

The OECD guidelines define the bioassays of identifying mutagenic chemicals, including the thymidine kinase (TK) assay, which specifically detects the mutations that inactivate the TK gene in the human TK6 lymphoid line. However, the sensitivity of this assay is limited because it detects mutations occurring only in the TK gene but not any other genes. Moreover, the limited sensitivity of the conventional TK assay is caused by the usage of DNA repair‐proficient wild‐type cells, which are capable of accurately repairing DNA damage induced by chemicals. Mutagenic chemicals produce a variety of DNA lesions, including base lesions, sugar damage, crosslinks, and strand breaks. Base damage causes point mutations and is repaired by the base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathways. To increase the sensitivity of TK assay, we simultaneously disrupted two genes encoding XRCC1, an important BER factor, and XPA, which is essential for NER, generating XRCC1 −/− /XPA −/− cells from TK6 cells. We measured the mutation frequency induced by four typical mutagenic agents, methyl methane sulfonate (MMS), cis‐diamminedichloro‐platinum(II) (cisplatin, CDDP), mitomycin‐C (MMC), and cyclophosphamide (CP) by the conventional TK assay using wild‐type TK6 cells and also by the TK assay using XRCC1 −/− /XPA −/− cells. The usage of XRCC1 −/− /XPA −/− cells increased the sensitivity of detecting the mutagenicity by 8.6 times for MMC, 8.5 times for CDDP, and 2.6 times for MMS in comparison with the conventional TK assay. In conclusion, the usage of XRCC1 −/− /XPA −/− cells will significantly improve TK assay.

The generally accepted mechanism for nucleophilic aromatic substitution (the snare mechanism) is an addition-elimination mechanism and involves the formation of a Meisenheimer type of intermediate. The hydrazinolysis of 2,4-dinitrophenyl acetate in methanol proceeds exclusively through acyl-oxygen scission by a concerted mechanism. The process depends on the basicity of the leaving group and its steric hindrance as well as the possible intramolecular hydrogen bond in the transition state. The reactions of 2,4Dinittrophenyl Acetate with hydrazine obeyed pseudo-first-order rate constants (kobs). The linearplot of kobs vs. amine concentration indicated that there is no base-catalysis.The large negative ΔS# value indicates a rigid transition state or great participation of methanol molecules in the activated complex.