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107. Iran's Agriculture in the Anthropocene

Author

Maghrebi, Mohsen, primary, Noori, Roohollah, additional, Bhattarai, Rabin, additional, Mundher Yaseen, Zaher, additional, Tang, Qiuhong, additional, Al‐Ansari, Nadhir, additional, Danandeh Mehr, Ali, additional, Karbassi, Abdolreza, additional, Omidvar, Javad, additional, Farnoush, Hossein, additional, Torabi Haghighi, Ali, additional, Kløve, Bjørn, additional, and Madani, Kaveh, additional

Published
2020
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113. Developing a sustainability science approach for water systems

Author

Brelsford, Christa, primary, Dumas, Marion, additional, Schlager, Edella, additional, Dermody, Brian J., additional, Aiuvalasit, Michael, additional, Allen-Dumas, Melissa R., additional, Beecher, Janice, additional, Bhatia, Udit, additional, D'Odorico, Paolo, additional, Garcia, Margaret, additional, Gober, Patricia, additional, Groenfeldt, David, additional, Lansing, Steve, additional, Madani, Kaveh, additional, Méndez-Barrientos, Linda Estelí, additional, Mondino, Elena, additional, Müller, Marc F., additional, O'Donnell, Frances C., additional, Owuor, Patrick M., additional, Rising, James, additional, Sanderson, Matthew R., additional, Souza, Felipe A. A., additional, and Zipper, Samuel C., additional

Published
2020
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118. Irrigania Game Activity - II

Author

Madani, Kaveh

Subjects
serious games, Water, Irrigania, Civil Engineering
Abstract

Directed class activity for students to play the Irrigania Game by Seibert and Vis (2012). Students choose to irrigate fields each year (round) with rainwater, surface water, or groundwater to maximize profit. Six different games are described. Game 1 Objective: Maximize your individual rank (profit) in class Rules: 1) No communication between you and any other farmer, 2) Precipitation = Normal (P=1), 3) Number of years (rounds) = 15. Game 2 Objective: Maximize your individual rank (profit) in class Rules: 1) No communication constraints, 2) Precipitation = Normal (P=1), 3), Number of years (rounds) = 15. Game 3 Objective: Maximize your village’s rank (average profit) in class Rules: 1) No communication constraints, 2) Precipitation = Normal (P=1), 3), Number of years (rounds) = 15. Game 4 Objective: Maximize your individual rank (profit) in your village Rules: 1) No communication allowed, 2) Precipitation = Random each year (P=0, 1, or 2), 3) Number of years (rounds) = Unknown, 4) Villager's strategies shown after each year. Game 5 Objective: Maximize your individual rank (profit) in the class Rules: 1) No communication constraints, 2) Precipitation = Random each year (P=0, 1, or 2), 3) Number of years (rounds) = Unknown, 4) Villager's strategies shown after each year. Game 6 Objective: Maximize your individual rank (profit) in the class Rules: 1) Communication is not allowed, 2) Precipitation is normal (P=1), and 3) Number of years (rounds) = Unknown Seibert, J., and Vis, M. J. P. (2012). "Irrigania – a web-based game about sharing water resources." Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16(8), 2523-2530. http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/16/2523/2012/.

Published
2018

120. Iran in transition

Author

Danaei, Goodarz, primary, Farzadfar, Farshad, additional, Kelishadi, Roya, additional, Rashidian, Arash, additional, Rouhani, Omid M, additional, Ahmadnia, Shirin, additional, Ahmadvand, Alireza, additional, Arabi, Mandana, additional, Ardalan, Ali, additional, Arhami, Mohammad, additional, Azizi, Mohammad Hossein, additional, Bahadori, Moslem, additional, Baumgartner, Jill, additional, Beheshtian, Arash, additional, Djalalinia, Shirin, additional, Doshmangir, Leila, additional, Haghdoost, Ali Akbar, additional, Haghshenas, Rosa, additional, Hosseinpoor, Ahmad Reza, additional, Islami, Farhad, additional, Kamangar, Farin, additional, Khalili, Davood, additional, Madani, Kaveh, additional, Masoumi-Asl, Hossein, additional, Mazyaki, Ali, additional, Mirchi, Ali, additional, Moradi, Ehsan, additional, Nayernouri, Touraj, additional, Niemeier, Debbie, additional, Omidvari, Amir-Houshang, additional, Peykari, Niloofar, additional, Pishgar, Farhad, additional, Qorbani, Mostafa, additional, Rahimi, Kazem, additional, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, additional, Tehrani, Fahimeh Ramezani, additional, Rezaei, Nazila, additional, Shahraz, Saeid, additional, Takian, Amirhossein, additional, Tootee, Ali, additional, Ezzati, Majid, additional, Jamshidi, Hamid Reza, additional, Larijani, Bagher, additional, Majdzadeh, Reza, additional, and Malekzadeh, Reza, additional

Published
2019
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123. Compounding effects of human activities and climatic changes on surface water availability in Iran

Author

Ashraf, Samaneh, primary, AghaKouchak, Amir, additional, Nazemi, Ali, additional, Mirchi, Ali, additional, Sadegh, Mojtaba, additional, Moftakhari, Hamed R., additional, Hassanzadeh, Elmira, additional, Miao, Chi-Yuan, additional, Madani, Kaveh, additional, Mousavi Baygi, Mohammad, additional, Anjileli, Hassan, additional, Arab, Davood Reza, additional, Norouzi, Hamid, additional, Mazdiyasni, Omid, additional, Azarderakhsh, Marzi, additional, Alborzi, Aneseh, additional, Tourian, Mohammad J., additional, Mehran, Ali, additional, Farahmand, Alireza, additional, and Mallakpour, Iman, additional

Published
2018
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126. Innovative modelling for Californian high hydro

Author

Madani, Kaveh and Lund, Jay R.

Subjects
California -- Energy policy, Hydroelectric power plants -- Environmental aspects -- Production management, Business, Business, international, Petroleum, energy and mining industries
Abstract

California's high elevation hydropower system with more than 150 power plants provides 74% of the US state's hydropower. Given that studying such a large system with conventional hydropower modelling methods [...]

Published
2012

128. Sustainable energy planning in MENA: a system of systems approach

Author

Mahlooji, Maral, Gaudard, Ludovic, Ristic, Bora, and Madani, Kaveh

Subjects
ddc:333.7-333.9, Energy, MENA, Sustainability, System-of-systems
Abstract

This short paper focuses on the sustainability of various energy technologies accounting for MENA region specificities. The main message is that "there is no ‘one size fits all' solution when it comes to choosing renewable technologies".

Published
2017

129. Evaluation of Land and Precipitation for Agriculture in Iran

Author

Mesgaran, Mohsen B., Madani, Kaveh, Hashemi, Hossein, and Azadi, Pooya

Subjects
Naturresursteknik, Agriculture, Lantbruksvetenskaper, Iran, Soil and Water Assessment
Abstract

Besides the rapid population growth over the past few decades, water scarcity and soil degradation have intensified the challenges faced by the Iranian agriculture sector to ensure food security over the long term. Despite its paramount importance, the extent to which the land and water resources of Iran can meet the nation’s future food demand is not well understood. Herein, we systematically evaluated the capacity of Iran’s land for sustainable agriculture based on the soil properties, topography, and climate conditions relevant to crop production.Our objectives were to:i) Quantify and map the suitability of Iran’s land resources for croppingii) Examine if further increase in production can be achieved through agriculture expansion or the redistribution of cropping areasWhen evaluated based on the soil and topographic variables only, Iran’s land suitability for crop cultivation can be classified as (million ha): very good 0.7, good 5.1, medium 17.2, poor 24.8, very poor 55.7, and unsuitable 39.7. Inland water bodies, protected areas, urbanized areas, natural forests, and rangelands, collectively occupying 19.3 million ha of Iran’s land, are recognized in this study as excluded areas. When climate variables (precipitation and potential evapotranspiration) were included in the analysis, the distribution of lands among suitability classes were (million ha): very good 0.6, good 3.6, medium 12.8, poor 18.5, very poor 10.2, and unsuitable 97.4. The spatial distribution of these lands is shown in Figure ES-1. Among the considered soil and terrain attributes, low soil organic carbon, steep slope, and high soil sodium content were identified as the most frequent factors limiting the suitability of lands for cropping.Our analysis also revealed that 30%, 5%, and 17% of the current agricultural lands (cultivated and uncultivated) are located in poor, very poor, and unsuitable areas, respectively. Cultivation in very poor or unsuitable lands can be partially avoided as there exist unused lands with at least a medium level of suitability for substitution that can improve the overall sustainability of the agriculture sector in Iran. Our estimation of the proportion of unused lands within each suitability classes shows that almost all available lands with high suitability have been exploited for agriculture, but there exist about 4.2 million ha of medium quality lands, mostly located in western Iran, for future expansion. However, only a small portion of these unused lands can be practically deployed for agriculture because of their low spatial connectivity and limited accessibility. We estimated that cultivating rainfed wheat in 1 million ha of these unused lands could potentially result in the production of 0.8 million ton of wheat per year – adding up to 5% to Iran’s current cereal production level.Whilst the insufficiency of water resources has long been realized as a major impediment to developing a productive agriculture in Iran, our study highlights the additional limitations caused by the paucity of suitable land resources. Our analysis does not consider groundwater availability for agriculture and precipitation is the only component of surface water availability considered in this study.

Published
2016

130. Climate-informed environmental inflows to revive a drying lake facing meteorological and anthropogenic droughts

Author

Alborzi, Aneseh, primary, Mirchi, Ali, additional, Moftakhari, Hamed, additional, Mallakpour, Iman, additional, Alian, Sara, additional, Nazemi, Ali, additional, Hassanzadeh, Elmira, additional, Mazdiyasni, Omid, additional, Ashraf, Samaneh, additional, Madani, Kaveh, additional, Norouzi, Hamid, additional, Azarderakhsh, Marzi, additional, Mehran, Ali, additional, Sadegh, Mojtaba, additional, Castelletti, Andrea, additional, and AghaKouchak, Amir, additional

Published
2018
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144. What is drought? The scientific understanding of drought: the primary step towards resolving Iran's water crisis

Author

Khatami, Sina and Madani, Kaveh

Subjects
Drought, Water Engineering, Oceanography, Hydrology, Water Resources, Iran, Socioeconomic drought, Environmental Policy, Environmental Management, Middle East, Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use, Sustainability, Physical Geography, Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, Water Resouces Management, Water Resources, Hydrology
Abstract

in Uncoded languagesIn this article we discuss four basic approaches to characterising droughts namely meteorological, hydrological, agricultural, and socioeconomic. In the first three approaches, drought is defined and measured as a physical phenomenon primarily related to the precipitation shortfall. Socioeconomic drought, nonetheless, is described and determined as the 'supply' and 'demand' in terms of water shortage in different socioeconomic systems. The specific case of Iran’s drought and water crisis is the main focus of this article, and is briefly compared to California’s ongoing drought. In cases such as Iran, the socioeconomic drought is a result of inefficient and unsustainable management of water resources. Therefore, we cannot simply associate droughts with climate variability and/or change. Furthermore, due to large uncertainties in climate modelling and water management scenarios, long-term prediction of drought is impossible.

Published
2015

145. Water Resources Systems Analysis: A Bright Past and Challenging but Promising Future

Author

Rosenberg, David E. and Madani, Kaveh

Subjects
Civil and Environmental Engineering, Water Resources, Systems Analisis
Abstract

The field of water resources systems analysis is now experiencing one of its most exciting eras where scientists, decision makers, and funding agencies want to apply systems approaches to solve varied, complex, uncertain, and interdisciplinary resource management problems. Solving these problems presents great opportunities for us to engage in complex, real-world decision-making and make positive changes. However, to capitalize on these opportunities, we as a field must also overcome several large challenges related to problem identification, integration, blind use of systems tools, a focus on optimality, and harnessing big data. To overcome, we must look back to find what we have accomplished, why we have sometimes failed, and how we can improve upon past work.

Published
2014

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