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I think that Dr. Hank Brightman's article 'Nash in Najaf: Game Theory and Its Applicability to the Iraqi Conflict' (Fall 2007) made a valiant effort to quantify the incentives facing [...]

Preparation of non-precious metal catalysts (NPMCs) via chemical surface modification of carbon black with 5,6-diamino-1,10-phenanthroline (aphen) was completed. A diazonium coupling reaction was used to covalently attach aphen to the carbon surface and ratios of aphen to carbon were varied. The impact of this loading on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was investigated. Cyclic voltammograms (CVs) were obtained under nitrogen to assess the redox activity of the phenanthroline type groups on the surface. Peaks at approximately 611 mV versus standard hydrogen electrode appear for each material and become larger with increased loading of aphen. Introduction of iron followed by pyrolysis at 700 degC results in increased activity towards the ORR and decreased hydrogen peroxide production.

Non-precious metal catalysts (NPMC) for the oxygen reduction reaction were prepared by surface modification of a carbon black (Black Pearls 2000) with 5,6-diamino-1,10-phenanthroline through diazonium and benzimidazole coupling chemistry. Both methodologies covalently attach 1,10-phenanthroline to the surface. Cyclic voltammetry of these modified carbons show a clearly defined redox peak at ca. 650 mV vs. NHE that is often observed for many NPMCs. We attribute this peak to phenanthroline type groups on the carbon surface. Introduction of Fe and subsequent pyrolysis at 700oC under a NH3/N2 atmosphere yielded catalysts that were highly active towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Neither methodology produced a catalyst that was significantly more active than the other.

A novel and easily n-doped conjugated metallopolymer has been prepared by the electrochemical polymerization of Os(bpy)2[5,5′-bis(2-thienyl)-2,2′-bithiazole]2+.

Nonprecious metal catalysts (NPMC) for the oxygen reduction reaction were prepared by surface modification of a carbon black with 5,6-diamino-1,10-phenanthroline through diazonium and benzimidazole coupling chemistry. Both methodologies covalently attach 1,10-phenanthroline to the surface. Oxygen-free cyclic voltammograms (CV) obtained for these modified carbons showed a clearly defined redox peak at ca. 650mVversus normal hydrogen electrode, which we attribute to phenanthroline-type groups on the carbon surface. Introduction of Fe and subsequent pyrolysis at 700°Cunder a NH3∕N2atmosphere yielded catalysts that were highly active toward the oxygen reduction reaction. The redox peak at 650mVwas present in the oxygen-free CVs for the most active catalysts, though less intense. Nevertheless, this indicates the presence pyridinic-type active sites in the heat treated catalysts and may be a useful tool in the study of NPMC.

Presents a letter to the editor of "The Economist" regarding the United States' culpability in supporting oppressive regimes in the Middle East. Response to an article in the October 9, 2004 issue of the journal.