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349 results on '"Machado, B."'

102. Infecciones urinarias adquiridas en la comunidad: epidemiología, resistencia a los antimicrobianos y opciones terapéuticas.

Author

Armando, Guevara P., Sara, Machado B., and Esther, Manrique T.

Subjects
*URINARY tract infections, *EPIDEMIOLOGY, *DRUG resistance in microorganisms, *PATHOGENIC microorganisms, *PRIMARY care, *ESCHERICHIA coli, *PROTEUS (Bacteria), *NITROFURANTOIN
Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the main reasons for consultation in primary care. In recent years, there have been substantial changes in susceptibility patterns for major urinary tract pathogens, which have conditioned changes in their empirical treatment. The aim of this study was to characterize UTI in patients from the community. The sample consisted of 71 patients of both sexes over 18 years of age. The most affected sex was the female (80.28%). The signs and symptoms were lumbar pain, dysuria and abdominal pain. The presence of kidney stones was the most important predisposing factor (39.43%), followed by menopause (23.94%); 63.38% of the patients had a previous UTI. Escherichia coli was the most common agent (63.89%), followed by Proteus mirabilis (6.94%). Isolates showed high levels of resistance to ampicillin, cephalothin and norfloxacin. 51.52% of the Enterobacteriaceae were resistant to fluoroquinolones and 16.67% showed production of extended spectrum -lactamases (ESBL). Most of the agents were susceptible to nitrofurantoin, regardless of the presence of resistance mechanisms affecting other antibiotic groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011

103. Design and Assessment of an Introductory Geomicrobiology Course for Non-Geology Majors.

Author

Hernández-Machado, B. and Casillas-Martínez, Lilliam

Subjects
CURRICULUM, GEOMICROBIOLOGY, INSTRUCTIONAL systems, ASTROBIOLOGY, EDUCATIONAL programs, ACTIVITY programs in education, UNDERGRADUATES, UNIVERSITIES & colleges, EDUCATION research
Abstract

Recent discoveries about the role of microorganisms in the establishment of the geological conditions in the planet have lead to the development of courses in Geomicrobiology. Unfortunately, most courses are designed for students with a strong Geology background, which is a limitation for universities that lack such courses. To overcome this limitation at our university, we have designed a special topics course entitled Introductory Geomicrobiology that was offered for the first time to undergraduate students from the Biology, Marine Biology and Microbiology Programs. To attract non-geology majors the course included topics such as description of Early Earth ecosystems, search for geo-biological signatures and current approaches in the search for extra-terrestrial life forms. An active learning environment was fostered throughout the course through different activities including oral reports of research papers in the subject, followed by Gallery Runs and class discussions. Our assessment strategies, both formative and summative, revealed that such presentations were an effective way to introduce students to eight main concepts of Geomicrobiology. Student performance was stronger in group discussions than individually, with Gallery Runs as the preferred class discussion technique. Overall, our assessment system proved that the design of the course was effective in teaching Geomicrobiology to non-geology majors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009

109. Modeling of Solid-State Polymerization of Bisphenol A Polycarbonate

Author

Ye, Y., Machado, B., Choi, K. Y., Kim, J. H., and Woo, B. G.

Abstract

A mathematical model is presented to analyze the kinetics of solid-state polymerization of bisphenol A polycarbonate. The reaction kinetic model incorporated in the solid-state polymerization model is a hybrid of a molecular species model and a functional group model derived from the original model developed by Flory. The solid-state polymerization model allows for the calculation of time evolution of complete polymer chain length distributions in a polymer particle at different radial positions under various reaction conditions. The model simulations show that large polymer particles exhibit strong intraparticle diffusion resistance to phenol, and as a result, the chain length distribution varies significantly from position to position in the polymer particle. Also, some polymer chains have very large chain lengths, several times larger than the average chain length, and some polymer chains have less than 10 repeating units even with a very large average molecular weight. The model simulations also show that one of the most important kinetic parameters that affect the performance of solid-state polymerization is the end group mole ratio in the prepolymer used for solid-state polymerization. The more the end group mole ratio deviates from its stoichiometric ratio in a prepolymer, the longer the reaction time needed to obtain high molecular weight polymer in the solid state. Also, the stoichiometric imbalance in the prepolymer severely limits the maximum obtainable molecular weight. The model simulation shows that an increasing polymer crystallinity during the solid-state polymerization has an effect of increasing the concentrations of catalyst and reactive end groups and hence the polymerization rate.

Published
2005

127. Anorexia nervosa: Divergent validity of a prototype narrative among anorexia relatives

Author

Machado, B. C., Gonçalves, Ó F., Paulo Machado, Henriques, M. R., Roma-Torres, A., Brandão, I., Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, and Universidade do Minho

Subjects
Psychopathology, prototype narrative, lcsh:BF1-990, close confidents, Social Sciences, humanities, Anorexia, lcsh:Psychology, Psicologia, Psychology [Social sciences], mental disorders, Psicologia [Ciências sociais], Psychology, Narratives, ex post facto study, divergent validity
Abstract

The objective of this ex post facto study was to test the divergent validity (degree of discrimination) of anorexia prototype narrative according to anorectic close confidents (relatives), as well as explore different characteristics of the participants which may be associated with the degree of prototype discrimination. Sixty-four relatives of individuals with anorexia nervosa participated in the study and were asked to indicate their degree of identification, according to their relative, with five different narrative prototypes (depressive, agoraphobia, anorexic, alcoholic, and drug addiction prototypes). Results did not confirm the divergent validity of the anorexic prototype narrative. The participants tended to identify primarily their relative with the agoraphobia prototype. Once again, no significant differences were found between the identification with the anorexic prototype and depression, agoraphobia and alcoholism prototype. The only significant differences found were for the comparison between the anorexic and drug addiction prototype. However, anorectic mothers and illness duration were found to be associated with the degree of identification of prototype narrative. Results were discussed in terms of a systemic versus a prototype approach to the eating disorders., El objetivo de este estudio ex post facto fue analizar la validez divergente (grado de discriminación) de la narrativa prototipo de la anorexia nerviosa de acuerdo a los familiares significativos de los pacientes anoréxicos y explorar distintas características de los participantes que pueden estar asociadas con el grado de discriminación de la narrativa prototipo. Participaron 64 personas significativas de los individuos con anorexia nerviosa, a los que se les pidió que indicasen el grado de identificación, de acuerdo con su familiar, con cinco narrativas prototipo distintas (depresión, agorafobia, anorexia, alcoholismo y tóxico-dependencia). Los resultados no confirmaron la validez divergente de la narrativa prototipo de la anorexia. Los participantes mostraron tendencia a identificar en primer lugar a sus familiares con el prototipo de la agorafobia. Además, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre la identificación con el prototipo de la anorexia y el de la depresión, de la agorafobia y del alcoholismo. La única diferencia significativa encontrada fue en la comparación entre el prototipo de la anorexia y el de la tóxico-dependencia. No obstante, las madres de las anoréxicas y la duración del trastorno se asocian al grado de identificación con la narrativa prototipo de la anorexia. Se discuten los resultados en términos de una aproximación sistémica versus prototipo de las perturbaciones del comportamiento alimentario., Foundation for Science and Technology, Portugal (FCT) - POCTI/33252/99.

133. Chemoselective hydrogenolysis of glycerol catalyzed by platinum on carbonaceous supports

Author

Oberhauser, W., Claudio Evangelisti, Psaro, R., Vizza, F., Bevilacqua, M., Filippi, J., Lavacchi, A., Marchionni, A., Miller, H. A., Machado, B. F., and Serp, P.

Subjects
Glycerol, Metal vapor synthesis, Carbonaceous support, Hydrogenolysis, Platinum
Abstract

Highly dispersed Pt-nanoparticles supported onto carbonaceous materials, which are characterized by their surface area, were employed to catalyze the hydrogenolysis of glycerol in water. The surface area of the support proved to steer the aggregation process of the nanoparticles with time, consequently influencing the catalyst performance in terms of glycerol conversion, reforming activity and chemoselctivity versus 1,2-propandiol, which was the main liquid product. The support with the highest surface area showed the best control on the nanoparticles' aggregation.

141. Intrinsic electrophysiological properties of late-expiratory and CO2-sensitive neurones in the Retrotrapezoid/parafacial respiratory group of rats.

Author

Moraes, D. J., Zoccal, D. B., and Machado, B. H.

Subjects
CHEMICAL senses, ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY, RESPIRATION
Abstract

The Retrotrapezoid/parafacial Respiratory Group (RTN/pFRG) contains late-expiratory (late-E) and CO2-sensitive neurones involved with active expiration and central chemoreception, respectively. Here we evaluated whether or not RTN/pFRG late-E and CO2-sensitive neurones present distinct electrophysiological properties and CO2 sensitivity. Using an in situ working heart brainstem preparation of rats (7 weeks old), we performed recordings of abdominal (AbN) and phrenic (PN) nerves activities simultaneously with whole cell path-clamp recordings of late-E or CO2-sensitive neurons in the RTN/pFRG. The data shows that late-E and CO2-sensitive neurones constitute heterogeneous neuronal populations with respect to several electrophysiological properties. During normoxic/normocapnic condition the late-E neurones were silent, while CO2-sensitive displayed continuous frequency discharge (0.83 ± 0.02 Hz; n=8) during the respiratory cycle. The emergence of late-E activity, in late-E neurons, and the coincidentally late-E burst in AbN motor activity, both preceding PN bursts, occurred only during hypercapnia (10% CO2; 9.1 ± 0.08 Hz; n=7) or hypoxia (5% O2; 8.5 ± 0.09 Hz; n=7). Input resistance (354 ±21 vs235±17 MΩ; p<0.05), resting membrane potential (-67 ± 3 vs -54 ± 2mV; p<0.05) and rheobase (35 ± 3 vs 58 ±7 pA; p<0.05) were different, suggesting that the expression or properties of some ion channels differ between these neuronal types. Common features of RTN/pFRG late-E and CO2-sensitive neurones included the expression of transient outward potassium current (TOC; at 60 mV: 365 ± 65 vs 380 ± 57 pA/pF), hyperpolarization-activated inward current (at-120 mV: 35 ± 3 vs 47 ± 7 pA/pF) and absence of persistent sodium current. Nevertheless, after synaptic blocked, hypercapnia increased the firing frequency (+1.83 ± 0.05 Hz) and decreased the potassium-mediated leak current (-3.1 ±1 nS) of CO2-sensitive neurones, but did not change the late-E neurones activity. This body of electrophysiological evidence indicates that RTN/pFRG late-E and CO2-sensitive neurones from juvenile/adult rats constitute heterogeneous neuronal populations regarding intrinsic electrophysiological properties and CO2 sensitivity, and provide a cellular basis for a better understanding of their involvement in the pathophysiological conditions, such as obstructive sleep apnoea, hypertension and heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013

142. Sustained hypoxia increases excitatory transmission in the nucleus tractus solitarius neurons of juvenile rats.

Author

Accorsi-Mendonça, D., Almado, C. L., and Machado, B. H.

Subjects
NEURAL transmission, SOLITARY nucleus, NEURONS
Abstract

In previous studies we verified that the synaptic transmission in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) neurons is affected by chronic intermittent hypoxia. Here we evaluated the effect of short-term sustained hypoxia (SH, 24 hours - 10% O2) on the intrinsic properties and synaptic transmission of NTS neurons in the brainstem slices from young rats (3 weeks old) using whole cell patch clamp technique. SH produced no change in resting membrane potential [control: -78.7 ± 2.4 mV (n=15), SH: -72.3 ± 3.7 mV, (n=15)], input resistance [control: 1.4 ± 0.4 GOhm (n=8), SH: 1.4 ± 0.4 GOhm, (n=9)] and capacitance of NTS neurons [control: 14.2 ± 0.9 pF (n=17), SH: 12.4 ± 0.8 pF (n=15)]. However, SH increased the frequency of spontaneous excitatory post-synaptic currents [(sEPSCs) control: 3.6 ± 0.4 Hz (n=18), SH: 7 ± 1.5 pF, (n=15), p<0.05] and the amplitude of evoked excitatory post-synaptic currents [(eEPSCs) control: -289 ± 51 pA (n=15), SH: -472 ± 64 pA (n=15), p<0.05]. Moreover, SH also increased the depression of evoked excitatory post-synaptic currents after five stimuli on afferent fibers in the tractus solitarius [amplitude of 5 evoked currents of control group: 100%, 44%, 34%, 32% and 28% (n=15), amplitude of 5 evoked currents of SH group: 100%, 40%, 28%, 22% and 17% (n=15) *p<0,001 - Two way ANOVA]. These findings suggest that SH affect the excitatory transmission in NTS neurons increasing the release probability in the pre-synaptic terminal. We conclude that 24 hours of SH enhances spontaneous and evoked excitatory synaptic transmission on NTS neurons but does not change their intrinsic properties. These alterations in the synaptic transmission in the NTS neurons induced by SH may play a critical role in the cardiovascular and respiratory problems observed in high altitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013

143. Intrinsic pacemaker activity of pre-sympathetic neurons of adult rats is not altered by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH).

Author

Almado, C. L., Leão, R. X., and Machado, B. H.

Subjects
NEURONS, MEDULLA oblongata, ACTION potentials
Abstract

The pre-sympathetic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) are the source of the sympathetic activity and there is evidence that these cells present intrinsic pacemaker activity. However, there are few electrophysiological studies in the literature involving these neurons in neonatal rats and no studies on these neurons in the brainstem slices from adult rats. Herein we studied slices from adult rats (5-6 weeks old) presenting viable RVLM pre-sympathetic neurons for patch-clamp recordings, previously labeled by injection of fluorescent microbeads into the intermediolateral column of spinal cord (T3-T6). Our data show that after application of antagonists of ionotropic glutamate, GABA and glycine receptors in the bath perfusion, these neurons present spontaneous firing action potentials in a regular pattern [frequency: 9.4±1.0 Hz; CV of the inter-spike interval: 0.12±0.01 (n=19)]. In comparison, RVLM respiratory neurons projecting to phrenic nucleus in spinal cord (C3-C5) fired spontaneous action potentials more irregularly and with a lower frequency when compared to pre-sympathetic neurons [frequency: 4.4±0.8 Hz; CV of inter-spike interval: 0.38 ± 0.11 (n=15); P=0.001]. Considering that CIH in rats induces hypertension due to sympathetic overexcitation, we hypothetized that the pre-sympathetic neurons in these animals should present changes in their intrinsic membrane properties and an increase in their frequency discharge. However, our data clearly indicate that the intrinsic membrane properties and the frequency discharge of the pre-sympathetic neurons in rats submitted to 10 days of CIH were not changed: resting membrane potential [Con: -63.9±0.8 mV, (n=21) vs. CIH: -64.8±0.7 mV, (n=23); P=0.41]; input resistance [Con: 341±21 MOhm, (n=18) vs. CIH: 392±34 MOhm, (n=20); P=0,21] and intrinsic frequency discharge [Con: 9.4±1,0 Hz, (n=19) vs. CIH: 9.9±1.2 Hz, (n=21); P=0.74]. The present study shows that: a) it is feasible to record the electrophysiological properties of RVLM pre-sympathetic neurons in brainstem slices from adult rats, b) these neurons present characteristics of pacemakers, and c) their passive and active intrinsic properties were not altered in rats submitted to CIH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013

148. Serotonin3 receptor stimulation in the nucleus tractus solitarii activates non-catecholaminergic neurons in the rat ventrolateral medulla

Author

Nosjean, A., Callera, J.C., Bonagamba, L., Machado, B., Hamon, M., and Laguzzi, R.

Subjects
*SEROTONIN, *SOLITARY nucleus
Abstract

The present study was performed to determine whether or not the increased arterial pressure triggered by 5-HT3 receptor stimulation in the nucleus tractus solitarii and underlain by a sympathoexcitation is associated with the activation of ventromedullary cells known to be involved in vascular regulation, i.e. the C1 and A1 catecholaminergic cells. For this purpose, double immunohistochemical labeling for tyrosine hydroxylase and c-fos protein was performed all along the ventrolateral medulla after microinjection of 1-(m-chlorophenyl)-biguanide, a selective and potent 5-HT3 receptor agonist, into the nucleus tractus solitarii of α-chloralose/urethane-anaesthetized rats. This treatment produced a significant elevation of arterial pressure (∼+35 mm Hg). Concomitantly, a significant increase in the number of c-fos expressing neurons was observed in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (+63%), in particular in its most anterior part (+78%), and in the medullary region surrounding the caudal part of the facial nucleus (+91%). Retrograde labeling with gold-horseradish peroxidase complex showed that at least some of these activated c-fos expressing cells project to the spinal cord. However, the number of double-stained neurons, i.e. c-fos and tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons, did not increase at any level of the ventrolateral medulla. In contrast, under the same α-chloralose/urethane anesthesia, systemic infusion of sodium nitroprusside appeared to produce a hypotension and a marked increase in the density of such double c-fos and tyrosine hydroxylase expressing cells in the rostral ventrolateral medulla and the caudal medullary region surrounding the caudal part of the facial nucleus.These data indicate that medullary catecholaminergic C1 and A1 neurons are not involved in the pressor effect elicited by 5-HT3 receptor stimulation in the nucleus tractus solitarii. However, this 5-HT3 receptor-mediated effect is clearly associated with the excitation of (non-catecholaminergic) neurons within the pressor region of the ventral medulla. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2002
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149. Ticagrelor in patients with diabetes and stable coronary artery disease with a history of previous percutaneous coronary intervention (THEMIS-PCI): a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised trial

Author

Deepak L Bhatt, Philippe Gabriel Steg, Shamir R Mehta, Lawrence A Leiter, Tabassome Simon, Kim Fox, Claes Held, Marielle Andersson, Anders Himmelmann, Wilhelm Ridderstråle, Jersey Chen, Yang Song, Rafael Diaz, Shinya Goto, Stefan K James, Kausik K Ray, Alexander N Parkhomenko, Mikhail N Kosiborod, Darren K McGuire, Robert A Harrington, Vladimir Santos, Ashit Jain, Irina Lendel, Michael Russo, W H Haught, Manuel Bouza, Harinder Gogia, Supratim Banerjee, George Kichura, Louis Kantaros, Francisco Padron, Rakesh Passi, Jay Stone, Michael Pursley, Michael D'Urso, Timothy Gardner, James Bennett, Khaled Nour, Satinder Saini, Wenwu Zhang, Dharam Kumbhani, Dustin Thomas, Dominick Angiolillo, Barry Bertolet, Amaury Roman-Miranda, Robert Black, Ramin Manshadi, Carlos Vaca, Antonio Blanco, Mark Napoli, David Brabham, Ayim Akyea-Djamson, Pratik Desai, Sudhir Prasada, Ajit Khaira, Leslie Forgosh, Ira Lieber, Guillermo Umpierrez, Dinesh Singal, Juan Londono, Neil Fraser, Jose Ruiz, Damaris Vega, Lilia Rodriguez, Christopher Brown, Faizullah Syed, Guarav Aggarwala, William Eaves, Michael Foster, Dinesh Gupta, David Avino, Wail Asfour, Glen Tonnessen, Xue-Qiao Zhao, Narendra Singh, Andrew Brockmyre, Norman Lepor, Nicolas Shammas, David Blick, Steven Hearne, John Prodafikas, Edgar Carell, Mark Izzo, Amin Karim, Bosh Zakhary, Mahmoud Atieh, Steven Leichter, Charles Meadows, David Hotchkiss, Mazen Abu-Fadel, Alan Wiseman, Jeffrey Bander, Mahesh Shah, Subhash Banerjee, Ricky Ganim, Karen Sopko, Misal Khan, Ramon Lloret, Troy Weirick, Rajendra Mehta, Udho Thadani, Anuj Bhargava, Mikhail Kosiborod, Jaynier Moya, Cezar Staniloae, Yamirka D Guerra, Anil Chhabra, Douglas Kosmicki, Wassim Shaheen, Akber Mohammed, J'Cinda Bitters, Jan Pattanayak, Julian Javier, Sunny Srivastava, Roland Phillips, Jessie Al-Amin, Michael Lillestol, Patrick Simpson, Lydie Hazan, Amit Amin, Gopi Shah, Denes Korpas, Bruce Platt, Jim Dickert, Orlando Puente, Louis Hiotis, Timothy Doyle, Raj Rajan, Alan Meholick, Christian Gring, Elie Hage-Korban, Robert Feldman, Harry Colfer, Samuel Butman, Malcolm Foster, Terence Hart, Randall Huling, Shervin Eshaghian, Ofsman Quintana, Deanna Cheung, Franklin Handel, Mara Rodriguez, David Suh, Paul Gordon, Gregg Pressman, Michael Bauer, William French, Mark Barettella, Sridhar Chatrathi, Damodhar Suresh, Ronald Goldberg, Mark Huth, Liwa Younis, Aref Rahman, Richard Mascolo, Michelle Welch, Randeep Suneja, Stephen Smith, Scott Shurmur, John Agaiby, Ahmad Jingo, Janice Johnston, Mary Beth, Anthony Vlastaris, Susan Kemp, Hamid Taheri, Edward Pereira, Michael Deyoung, Zafir Hawa, Ray Smith, Thomas Galski, Samer Garas, M Reddy, Susheel Sharma, Joeseph Hargrove, Charles Treasure, Ronald Emerson, Tariq Haddad, Kathryn Rohr, Larry Levinson, Raul Gaona, Barry Uretsky, Hiralal Maheshwari, Denny Lee, Stephanie Kinnaman, Robert Singal, Jeffrey Geohas, Osvaldo Gigliotti, Ajit Raisinghani, Charanjit Khurana, Brent Hella, Michael Kelberman, Steven Voyce, Sanjay Singh, Eric Lo, Pradeep Singh, Ross Goodfellow, Stuart Fischer, Richard Lorraine, Traci Turner, Jeffrey Shanes, Robert Busch, Robert Broker, Michelle Zaniewski, Kevin Pounds, Giselle Debs-Perez, Stephen Ong, Brad Frandsen, Douglas Fullington, Naseem Jaffrani, Ahtaram Khan, Marcus Lee, Joe Pouzar, George Revtyak, Julian Gonzalez, Samer Nakhle, Abel Murillo, Douglas Young, Sashi Makam, Mushtaq Syed, Kevin Woolf, Paul Grena, Sarab Alfata, Sharan Mahal, David Hoffman, Tinoy Kizhakekuttu, Joseph Deering, Janak Bhavsar, Scott Mikesell, William Wilson, Vance Wilson, Salah El, Francis Spinale, Vinod Kannarkat, Sunder Rao, Lenita Hanson, John Bertsch, Elena Gonzalez-Ortiz, Norma Severino, John Willis, Joel Schock, Ladan Bakhtari, Raul Gazmuri, Saadat Ansari, Jason Hall, Arvind Mehta, Neal Shealy, Stuart Zarich, Deovrat Singh, Kishor Vora, Nabil Andrawis, Darron Molter, David Maron, Jose Cardona, Ronald D'Agostino, Tamjeed Arshad, Rodney Samaan, David Jones, Dale Presser, John Heath, Sandy Green, George Bittar, Sheldon Henry, David Korn, John Schmedtje, Venkatesh Nadar, Bruce Graham, Ajay Labroo, Leonardo Clavijo, Hal Roseman, Gilbert Ledesma, Robert Rosen, Isaac Dor, William Kirby, Jennefer Sutton, Frank Eder, Bruce Iteld, Jose Gomez-Cortes, Maurice Buchbinder, Joseph Kasper, Antonio Terrelonge, Gustavo Torres, Ted Jagielo, Jose Alvarez, Yehuda Handelsman, Mario Guillen, Randall Richwine, Lorena Lewy-Alterbaum, Clinton Corder, Moogali Arvind, David Bolshoun, Magdy Mikhail, Stephen Minton, Odilon Alvarado, J Abbott, Brett Cauthen, Ryan Welter, Randy Mintz, John Cox, Annette Quick, Melvin Weiss, Johnny Dy, James Zebrack, Glenn Gandelman, Vinayak Hegde, Marc Silver, Michele DeGregorio, William Lawson, Christopher Paa, Anna Bortnick, Merrill Krolick, Rodolfo Sotolongo, Jorge Cheirif, Priya Kumar, Preetham Jetty, Ambar Patel, Mariusz Kruk, Iwona Kobielusz-Gembala, Barbara Rewerska, Adam Madrzejewski, Krzysztof Milewski, Jerzy Cygler, Joanna Petryka-Mazurkiewicz, Waldemar Jastrzebski, Janusz Korecki, Wojciech Fil, Janusz Prokopczuk, Anna Bochenek, Marek Wujkowski, Robert Witek, Piotr Konczakowski, Pawel Miekus, Marcin Szczasny, Wlodzimierz Musial, Krzysztof Cymerman, Jacek Lampart, Jacek Mikosinski, Slawomir Szynal, Issa Fares, Grzegorz Opolski, Stanislaw Mazur, Beata Wozakowska-Kaplon, Renata Bijata-Bronisz, Lukasz Wierucki, Beata Losa, Grzegorz Drelich, Marek Konieczny, Pawel Starczewski, Lidia Pawlowicz, Pawel Jesionowski, Jaroslaw Jurowiecki, Jacek Gniot, Mariusz Czyzycki, Karol Stania, Izabela Kucharczyk-Bauman, Benita Busz-Papiez, Agnieszka Karczmarczyk, Wanda Sudnik, Alina Koszek, Piotr Kolodziej, Bartosz Skwarna, Nicolás Jaramillo, Maciej Jankowski, Wojciech Czochra, Leszek Kinasz, Beata Miklaszewicz, Teresa Stasinska, Wladyslaw Pluta, Marcin Basiak, Teresa Rusicka, Izabela Niedbal-Yahfouf, Grazyna Popenda, Romuald Korzeniak, Agnieszka Mirek, Rafal Mariankowski, Lukasz Wojnowski, Marek Korol, Jacek Baszak, Piotr Podolec, Wojciech Piesiewicz, Aleksander Zurakowski, Carlos Luengas, Marek Skura, Piotr Pilecki, Piotr Majchrzak, Ewa Krzyzagórska, Marcin Drozd, Barbara Kaczmarek, Teresa Sliwinska, Katarzyna Zelazowska, Rafal Sztembis, Katarzyna Landa, Lidia Matyszczak-Toniak, Krzysztof Strojek, Marek Piepiorka, Robert Malinowski, Maria Górska, Edyta Stolarczyk-Sowa, Leszek Romanowski, Elzbieta Zinka, Zygfryd Reszka, Joanna Skierkowska, Anna Uzunow, Ewa Laskowska-Derlaga, Ekaterina Puntus, Elena D Kosmacheva, Natalia Koziolova, Prokhor Pavlov, Tatiana Supryadkina, Yury Didenko, Philipp Kopylov, Andrei Kazakov, Sergei Aksentiev, Elena Vishneva, Alexey Repin, Olga Smolenskaya, Olga Mantserova, Oleg Khrustalev, Elena Privalova, Vladimir Konstantinov, Svetlana Boldueva, Andrey Ezhov, Alexander Chernyavsky, Gadel Kamalov, Albert Galyavich, Galina Zubeeva, Galina Nechaeva, Sergey Shustov, Nino Dzhaiani, Tatiana Treshkur, Nataliya Osokina, Alexey Panov, Elena Shutemova, Valeriy Makukhin, Tatiana Kropotina, Larisa Tsyba, Yuri Karpov, J M Sizova, Marina Ballyuzek, Nikolay Tarasov, Elena Demchenko, Olga Barbarash, Valentin Moiseev, Valentin Markov, Vadim Kuznetsov, Inna Viktorova, Igor Sergienko, Lyudmila Ermoshkina, Niyaz Khasanov, Tatiana Khlevchuk, Andrey Baglikov, Sergey Shalaev, Elena Zonova, Elena Reznik, Larisa Haisheva, Tatyana Morugova, Nikita Lomakin, Alexander Vishnevsky, Yuri Shvarts, Olga Magnitskaya, Marina Mikhailusova, Elena Pavlysh, Igor Libov, Anna Zateyschikova, Victor Kostenko, Anton Edin, Yaroslava Khovaeva, Konstantin Zakharov, Raisa Stryuk, Vladimir Khirmanov, Sergey Kanorskiy, Sergey Yakushin, Anna Barabashkina, Hongwei Li, Qiang Zhao, Jian Zhang, Jianhua Ma, Yong He, Ming Luo, Aidong Zhang, Ningru Zhang, Yingru Chai, Genshan Ma, Hao Wang, Zhigang Liu, Lanjie He, Zhifang Song, Xiaolin Dong, Liang Tao, Zhanquan Li, Xi Su, Xiangqing Kong, Heping Niu, Junbo Ge, Zhurong Luo, Wenjun Huang, Daoquan Peng, Zuyi Yuan, Maria Milanova, Doncho Tenev, Antoni Gogov, Dimitar Karageorgiev, Todor Kolchev, Nikolay Rusev, Nikolina Georgieva, Rumen Kondov, Veselin Rusinov, Ivo Petrov, Georgi Stanchev, Mariana Konteva, Adriana Dincheva, Zdravka Yaneva, Ralitsa Vatova, Katya Ilieva, Nikolai Runev, Borislav Kolomanov, Ivan Petrov, Nikolay Iliev, Snezhanka Tisheva, Boryana Chompalova, Maria Tokmakova, Dimitar Raev, Kolyo Byanov, Dimitar Markov, Lenko Mihov, Atanas Mihov, Nora Milcheva, Milen Minchev, Mihail Mollov, Borislav Borisov, Tihomir Tihchev, Venelin Karakolev, Bojidar Dimov, Svetoslav Georgiev, Lachezar Smilov, Bon K Koo, Taehoon Ahn, Soon J Hong, Junghan Yoon, Seok K Oh, Myung H Jeong, Doo-Il Kim, Kiyuk Chang, Weon Kim, Joo-Yong Hahn, Kwang S Cha, Jung-Hee Lee, Si-Wan Choi, Chang-Wook Nam, In-Ho Chae, Yong H Park, Seung-Jea Tahk, Won-Yong Shin, Jei-Keon Chae, Byung J Kim, Jang-Whan Bae, Woo J Park, Seung W Rha, Young J Choi, Jin-Yong Hwang, Hun S Park, Luciano Baracioli, Fabio Guimaraes, Eduardo Vasconcellos, José Saraiva, Adamastor Pereira, Queulla Santos, Paulo Rossi, Lilia Maia, Miguel Madeira, Marcio Pereira, Roberto Botelho, Gilmar Reis, Freddy Eliaschewitz, Joao Borges, Carlos Nascimento, Jose A Fortes, Weimar de Souza, Pedro Pimentel, Miguel Hissa, Marcos Franchetti, Dalton Precoma, Costantino Ortiz, Mauro Hernandes, Wladmir Saporito, Fabio R dos Santos, Adrian Kormann, Fernando Neuenschwander, Oscar Dutra, Nelson Rassi, Luiz Tanajura, Juliana Souza, Delcio S Junior, Paulo Leaes, Adriana Forte, Teresa C Bonansea, Jose Marin, Bruno Machado, Maria J Cerqueira, Frederico Silva, Yorghos Michalaros, Euler Manenti, Cintia Cercato, Estevao Figueiredo, Ming-En Liu, Yi-Chih Wang, Tsung-Ming Lee, Chih Fang, Yen-Wen Wu, Kwo-Chang Ueng, Huey-Herng Sheu, Wen T Lai, I-Chang Hsieh, Zhih-Cherng Chen, Mu-Jang Lee, Chern Chiang, Kou-Gi Shyu, Chien-Hsun Hsia, Guang-Yuan Mar, Shih-Hung Chan, Chih-Cheng Wu, Wei-Kung Tseng, Kuan-Cheng Chang, Hung-I Yeh, Ji-Hung Wang, Charles Hou, Inna Sorokina, Maryna Dolzhenko, Olha Horoshko, Oleksandr Karpenko, Leonid Rudenko, Igor Vakaliuk, Anna Kulyk, Olena Levchenko, Oleksandr Prokhorov, Dmytro Reshotko, Mykhaylo Sorokivskyy, Nataliia Velichko, Valentyn Maslovskyi, Zinaida Teliatnikova, Sergiy Dotsenko, Olena Krakhmalova, Igor Kraiz, Viktoria Zharinova, Larysa Bula, Igor Kaydashev, Valeriy Molodtsov, Lesya Rasputina, Viktoriya Pidlisna, Olena Lysunets, Anatoliy Kravchenko, Liubomyr Glushko, Tetyana Khomazyuk, Yevgeniya Svyshchenko, Oleksandr Parkhomenko, Boris Mankovsky, Orest Abrahamovych, Andriy Yagensky, Mykola Stanislavchuk, Larisa Vasilyeva, Liubov Sokolova, Oleg Sychov, Vira Tseluyko, Igor Kyrychenko, Mykola Rishko, Sergiy Furkalo, Richard Gallo, Olivier Bertrand, Shamir Mehta, Christian Constance, Bruce Sussex, Remo Zadra, Simon Kouz, Raja Chehayeb, Amritanshu Pandey, Danielle Dion, Gordon Bailey, Laurie Hill, Krishnan Ramanathan, Micha Dorsch, Alykhan Nanji, Mohan Babapulle, Martine Montigny, Gilbert Gosselin, Payam Dehghani, Dennis Rupka, Michel Le May, Francis Pichette, Francois St-Maurice, Patrick Teefy, Samer Mansour, Saleem Kassam, Stephen Cheung, Anthony D Siega, Dennis O'Keefe, Eric Sabbah, Alan Bell, Guy Chouinard, Brian Wong, Mark Miller, Daniel Gaudet, Pierre Lachance, Iqbal Bata, Robert Petrella, Denis Gossard, Richard Dumas, Douglas Ing, Hagop Boyrazian, Ricardo Bessoudo, Thao T Huynh, Randy Hart, Jasmin Belle-Isle, Dinkar Shukla, Allan Kelly, Giuseppe Mazza, James Cha, Sam Henein, Andre Frechette, Saul Vizel, Joanne F Liutkus, Michael O'Mahony, Frank Halperin, Jacobus Kooy, John Graham, Allan Bailey, Ronald Wojcik, Igor Wilderman, Tibor Turi, Ákos Motyovszki, Béla Merkely, Csaba Király, Péter Andrássy, Zsolt Sárszegi, Tibor Fülöp, Zsolt Zilahi, István Édes, Andras Papp, Gábor Müller, Anna Czigány, Szilárd Zólyomi, László Korányi, János Takács, Ferenc Juhász, Bela Benczur, Sándor Kancz, András Földi, András C Nagy, Judit Bakai, István Greschik, László Püski, László Nagy, Róbert Kirschner, Roman Kuchar, Petr Hajek, Ladislav Busak, Daniel Michalik, Ivo Matyasek, Ivana Marusincova, Dusan Kucera, Ondrej Jerabek, Michaela Honkova, Vratislav Dedek, Ivan Rihacek, Pavel Kos, Josef Slaby, Martina Machkova, Eva Zidkova, Lubomir Elbl, Hana Grunfeldova, Jiri Carda, Vladimir Mrozek, Jiri Maly, Richard Milkovic, Jan Malecha, Hana Skalicka, Ivo Oral, Eva Krcova, Libor Lisa, Jan Belohlavek, Roman Miklik, Ondrej Cermak, Jana Bednarova, Zdenek Peroutka, Jindrich Spinar, Andreas Wilke, Karl-Friedrich Appel, Jens Taggeselle, Andreas Förster, Nicole Toursarkissian, Ekkehard Schmidt, Jochen Bott, Ayham Al-Zoebi, Dirk Hennig, Sabine Fischer, Norbert Schön, Joachim Sauter, Gregor Simonis, Ruth Nischik, Werner Rieker, Isabelle Schenkenberger, Thomas Behnke, Gerhard Klausmann, Michael Jeserich, Dietmar Trenk, Ingo Weigmann, Hannes Reuter, Reinhard Rummel, Candy von Münchhausen, Charlotte von Engelhardt, Eishun Horibe, Taro Shibasaki, Tomohiko Sato, Tsunekazu Kakuta, Ichiro Michishita, Michinao Tan, Ryoji Ishiki, Takahiko Aoyama, Shinichi Higashiue, Yawara Niijima, Akira Idogaki, Toru Hasegawa, Arihiro Kiyosue, Yoshiaki Tomobuchi, Katsunori Kawamitsu, Satsuki Kawasaki, Yoshiki Hata, Kazuki Fukui, Kozaburo Seki, Takashi Takenaka, Mitsuru Abe, Noriaki Utsu, Atsuyuki Oono, Kazuhisa Mitsuo, Atsushi Sueyoshi, Atsushi Hirohata, Mitsuru Tsujimoto, Osamu Ueda, Shinichi Takase, Masahiro Suzuki, Satoru Sakuragi, Fumi Yamamoto, Noritaka Fujimoto, Shigeo Kakinoki, Tatsushi Sugiura, Hiroshi Sugino, Toshihiro Nakamura, Toshiaki Kadokami, Hiroki Uehara, Masahiro Ono, Koichi Yokoya, Akihiro Koike, Sei Komatsu, Masahiro Sonoda, Hideki Ueno, Tomofumi Doi, Yuichiro Takagi, Kazuteru Fujimoto, Yutaka Eki, Munenori Okubo, Kenichiro Sasaki, Martijn van Eck, Eelko Ronner, Salem The, Ruud van de Wal, Pieter Nierop, Cornelis de Nooijer, Henri Werner, Iris Westendorp, Coen van der Zwaan, Hendrikus Crijns, Jan H Cornel, Sipke Strikwerda, Robert Bos, Edwin de Melker, Adrianus Kuijper, Hans Louwerenburg, Jacobus Plomp, Jan-Melle Dantzig, Francisco Prins, Henricus van Kesteren, Frank Willems, Giovanni Amoroso, Gabriela Carnero, Ernesto Duronto, Diego Besada, Carolina Chacon, Pedro Zangroniz, Silvana Solis, Alberto Liberman, Virginia Sernia, Andres Alvarisqueta, Laura Maffei, Oscar G Vilamajo, Celso García, Maximiliano Sicer, Juan Muntaner, Anselmo Bordonava, Juan Albisu, Alejandra Zanini, Lucas Rista, Miguel Hominal, José N Estrada, Aldo Prado, Diego M Gosparini, Beatriz Schiavi, Armando G Castillo, José G Ruíz, Guillermo R Martinez, Víctor G López, Enrique L Rosas, Gabriel R Lopez, Elias G Cantu, Manuel de los Ríos Ibarra, Francisco P Padilla, Jose P Carrasco, Luis V Carrillo, Joel D García, Alfredo N Askar, Carlos A Salinas, Marco A Gamba, Carlos G Sanchez, Arnulfo G Cantú, Raul V Sánchez, Jaime C Madrigal, Rafael H Urbano, Andrés Í Romo, José R González Juanatey, Paolo Racugno, Angel C Fillat, José M de la Torre Hernández, Juan A Peláez, Jorge B Cortada, Pablo G Pavia, Manuel J Navarro, Roberto M Asenjo, Francisco F Díaz, Eduard B Peligero, Fernando A Manterola, Antonio F Ortiz, Juan D Mediavilla García, Francisco M Ortuño, Tomás R Vera, Alfonso S González, Jaime A Viñas, Francisco J Fernández Portales, Petra S Mayordomo, Francisco B Ojeda, Antonio R Domínguez, Rosa S González, Diego B Guerrero, Juan M Ruiz Nodar, Xavier G Marimon, José G Margáez, Roberto M Aguilera, José F Díaz Fernández, José L Zamorano Gómez, Vicente B González, Bruno G del Blanco, Ignacio P Pérez, Mercé R Moreno, Ainhoa R Ereño, José A García Lledó, Juan Prieto, Alex Villablanca, Carlos Raffo, Christian Pincetti, Carlos Conejeros, Oscar Roman, Manuel Rodriguez, Paola Varleta, Cindy Goldberg, Jorge Sandoval, German Arriagada, Lucio Leon, Sergio Potthoff, Jorge Cobos, Christian Figueroa, Ellen Makotoko, Nyda Fourie, Lesley Burgess, Hendrik Nortje, Rust Theron, Perumal Pillai, Naresh Ranjith, Julien Trokis, Soobramoney Pillay, Jeevren Reddy, Theema Nunkoo, Cornelia Kapp, Dorothea Urbach, Lawrence Distiller, Adrian Horak, Louis van Zyl, Kathleen Coetzee, Zelda Punt, Junaid Bayat, Saleem Dawood, Ismail Mitha, Trevenesan Padayachee, Farzana Hoosen, Anthony Dalby, null Prabhavathi, Prakash Gowdaiah, Vimal Mehta, Milan Chag, Milind Gadkari, Kannaiyan Ramamurthee, Asit Das, Jitendra S Sawhney, Suvro Banerjee, Prachee Sathe, Srilakshmi Adhyapak, Tuan Nguyen, Vinh Pham, Huan Do, Anh Nguyen, Hien Nguyen, Binh Truong, Shahnaz Jamil-Copley, Chim Lang, Alastair Pell, Azfar Zaman, Robert Storey, Neil Swanson, Simon Smith, David Sharman, Denise Braganza, Peter Hammond, Andrew Moriarty, Stephen Bain, Maurice Pye, Andrew Sharp, Mark Blagden, Harpal Randeva, Timothy Myhill, Girish Viswanathan, Philip Keeling, Piers Clifford, Manish Saxena, Kristopher Lyons, John McMurray, Feeroz Jaafar, Clare Murphy, Simon Cartwright, Kamal Abouglila, Lubomir Antalik, Peter Krajci, Miroslav Urban, Frantisek Fazekas, Daniel Pella, Daniel Koleny, Tatiana Vykoukalova, Vladimir Macek, Daniela Vinanska, Livia Jamriskova, Slavomir Such, Peter Fulop, Stefan Farsky, Viliam Bugan, Jaroslava Strbova, Karol Micko, Juraj Palka Jr, Vladimir Sivak, Dalby Kristensen, Jens Refsgaard, Lene Holmvang, Ulrik Dixen, Henrik Nielsen, Kenneth Egstrup, Lisette O Jensen, Roman Sykulski, Ole Rasmussen, Alin Andries, Anders Luckow, Gitte Nielsen, Torben Sørensen, Chaiyasith Wongvipaporn, Noppadol Chamnarnphol, Suphot Srimahachota, Nakarin Sansanayudh, Srun Kuanprasert, Damras Tresukosol, Bancha Sookananchai, Mehmet Kanadasi, Turkay Ozcan, Murathan Kucuk, Zeki Ongen, Ertugrul Okuyan, Alev Arat, Sadik Acikel, Ahmet Yalcin, Umit Guray, Ceyhun Ceyhan, Necla Ozer, Sakir Arslan, Oskar Angerås, Nina Johnston, Ann-Charlotte Weiderman, Stellan Bandh, Ole Hansen, Hans Larnefeldt, Dawid Kusiak, Carl-Johan Lindholm, Anders Hedman, David Erlinge, Dan Curiac, Pia Lundman, Roberto Zucconi-Mazzini, Layth Aladellie, Jens Jensen, Jan Verwerft, Mathias Vrolix, Dirk Faes, Harry Striekwold, Peter Sinnaeve, Patrick Timmermans, Antoine Guedes, Marc Delforge, Jan Nimmegeers, Francis Stammen, Ian Buysschaert, Etienne Hoffer, Geert Hollanders, Geert Vervoort, Patrick Coussement, Stefan de Maeseneire, Luc Janssens, Stein A Gravdal, Knut Risberg, Lars Gullestad, Ola D Hofseth, Dennis Nilsen, Knut T Lappegård, Christian van den Heuvel, Charlotte Gibbs, Alamdar Khusrawi, Satish Arora, Tadeusz Tomala, Thorbjørn Kjærnli, Jan Berg-Johansen, Robert Hagemeier, Gunnar Skjelvan, David Colquhoun, John Amerena, Claire Morbey, Christopher Hammett, Anthony Dart, Ronald Lehman, Andrew Hamilton, Matthew Worthley, Peter Purnell, Alan Whelan, Richard MacIsaac, Ktut Arya, Sultan Linjawi, Joseph Proietto, Lakshman Prasad, Aldo Rodriguez, Armando Godoy, Victor Rodriguez, Percy Berrospi, Carlos Chavez, Sandra Negron, Javier Heredia, Felix Medina, Helard Manrique, Walter Cabrera, Fernando Cordova, Trinidad Quinteros, Jaime M Haro, Susana Regalado, Javier Guitton, Hugo Arbanil, Michel Pansieri, Eric Decoulx, Pascal Goube, Axel de Labriolle, Jean N Labeque, Gregoire Range, Yves Cottin, Gilles Montalescot, Guillaume Cayla, Nicolas Danchin, Denis Angoulvant, Emile Ferrario, Meyer Elbaz, Olivier Dubreuil, Philippe G Steg, Caroline Fontaine, Emmanuel Sorbets, Hafiz Omer, Shukri Al-Saif, Hussam Al-Faleh, Abdullah Al-Shehri, Halia Alshehri, Rasha Bazari, Pak Hei, Man Ying, Michael Chan, Michelle Wong, Ronald Ma, Shing C Siu, Chiu C Tsang, Maurizio Ferrario, Emilio Assanelli, Michele Senni, Piermarco Piatti, Paolo Calabrò, Stefano Urbinati, Massimo Michisanti, Ferdinando Varbella, Salvatore de Cosmo, Roberto Trevisan, Sandro Bellotti, Giuseppe Di Pasquale, Angelo S Bongo, Massimo Uguccioni, Edoardo Mannucci, Ciro Mauro, Mauro Ragonese, Claudio Fresco, Maurizio Turturo, Rossella Marcucci, Manuel J Lievano Triana, Camilo Arana, Jose Accini, Rodrigo Botero, Marlena Muzyk-Osikowicz, Fredy T Dada, Gregorio S Vallejo, Fernando Manzur, Daniel Isaza, Dora Molina, Juan G Mesa, Alvaro Quintero, Kai Nyman, Jyrki Mäkelä, Jorma Strand, Sakari Nieminen, Jyrki Taurio, Matti Kuusela, Timo Valle, Mikko Pietilä, Sakari Kekki, Timo Strandberg, Marc Klutstein, Gabriel Greenberg, Yoseph Rozenman, Ehud Chorin, Ariel Roguin, Basil Lewis, Amir Bashkin, Edgar Tan, Jose P Prado, Arthur Ferrolino, Noe Babilonia, Benny Barbas, Generoso Matiga, Raul M Coching, Heinz Drexel, Helmut Brath, Christoph Schnack, Ursula Hanusch, Evelyn Fließer-Görzer, Bernhard Paulweber, Christoph Ebenbichler, Rudolf Prager, Kurt Huber, Michael Wolzt, Johann Auer, Rudolf Berger, Gerit-Holger Schernthaner, Gabriela Stanciulescu, Mihai Creteanu, Marilena Spiridon, Viorica Dobreanu, Dragos Vinereanu, Laura C Iosipescu, Octavian Istratoaie, Ioan Coman, Constantin Militaru, Mircea Cinteza, Peter R Sinnaeve, José C Nicolau, José F Kerr Saraiva, Ramón Corbalán, Petr Widimský, Steen D Kristensen, Juha Hartikainen, Harald Darius, Hung F Tse, Robert G Kiss, Prem Pais, Eli Lev, Leonardo de Luca, Gabriel A Ramos López, Frederic Kontny, Noe A Babilonia, Dmitry A Zateyshchikov, Mikhail Ruda, Omer Elamin, František Kovář, Anthony J Dalby, Héctor Bueno, Chern-En Chiang, Alexander Parkhomenko, Tuan Q Nguyen, Maria Leonsson-Zachrisson, Herrada, Anthony, Brigham & Women’s Hospital [Boston] (BWH), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle (LVTS (UMR_S_1148 / U1148)), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Royal Brompton Hospital, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Keenan Research Centre of the Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute [Toronto], St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Service de Pharmacologie médicale = service de pharmacologie - Dosage de médicaments [CHU Saint-Antoine], CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Sorbonne Université (SU), National Heart and Lung Institute [London] (NHLI), Imperial College London-Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala Universitet [Uppsala], AstraZeneca, Tokai University, Uppsala University, Imperial College London, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, University of Missouri [Kansas City] (UMKC), University of Missouri System, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center [Dallas], Stanford University, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Université de Montpellier (UM), Bhatt, D, Steg, P, Mehta, S, Leiter, L, Simon, T, Fox, K, Held, C, Andersson, M, Himmelmann, A, Ridderstrale, W, Chen, J, Song, Y, Diaz, R, Goto, S, James, S, Ray, K, Parkhomenko, A, Kosiborod, M, Mcguire, D, Harrington, R, Santos, V, Jain, A, Lendel, I, Russo, M, Haught, W, Bouza, M, Gogia, H, Banerjee, S, Kichura, G, Kantaros, L, Padron, F, Passi, R, Stone, J, Pursley, M, D'Urso, M, Gardner, T, Bennett, J, Nour, K, Saini, S, Zhang, W, Kumbhani, D, Thomas, D, Angiolillo, D, Bertolet, B, Roman-Miranda, A, Black, R, Manshadi, R, Vaca, C, Blanco, A, Napoli, M, Brabham, D, Akyea-Djamson, A, Desai, P, Prasada, S, Khaira, A, Forgosh, L, Lieber, I, Umpierrez, G, Singal, D, Londono, J, Fraser, N, Ruiz, J, Vega, D, Rodriguez, L, Brown, C, Syed, F, Aggarwala, G, Eaves, W, Foster, M, Gupta, D, Avino, D, Asfour, W, Tonnessen, G, Zhao, X, Singh, N, Brockmyre, A, Lepor, N, Shammas, N, Blick, D, Hearne, S, Prodafikas, J, Carell, E, Izzo, M, Karim, A, Zakhary, B, Atieh, M, Leichter, S, Meadows, C, Hotchkiss, D, Abu-Fadel, M, Wiseman, A, Bander, J, Shah, M, Ganim, R, Sopko, K, Khan, M, Lloret, R, Weirick, T, Mehta, R, Thadani, U, Bhargava, A, Moya, J, Staniloae, C, Guerra, Y, Chhabra, A, Kosmicki, D, Shaheen, W, Mohammed, A, Bitters, J, Pattanayak, J, Javier, J, Srivastava, S, Phillips, R, Al-Amin, J, Lillestol, M, Simpson, P, Hazan, L, Amin, A, Shah, G, Korpas, D, Platt, B, Dickert, J, Puente, O, Hiotis, L, Doyle, T, Rajan, R, Meholick, A, Gring, C, Hage-Korban, E, Feldman, R, Colfer, H, Butman, S, Hart, T, Huling, R, Eshaghian, S, Quintana, O, Cheung, D, Handel, F, Rodriguez, M, Suh, D, Gordon, P, Pressman, G, Bauer, M, French, W, Barettella, M, Chatrathi, S, Suresh, D, Goldberg, R, Huth, M, Younis, L, Rahman, A, Mascolo, R, Welch, M, Suneja, R, Smith, S, Shurmur, S, Agaiby, J, Jingo, A, Johnston, J, Beth, M, Vlastaris, A, Kemp, S, Taheri, H, Pereira, E, Deyoung, M, Hawa, Z, Smith, R, Galski, T, Garas, S, Reddy, M, Sharma, S, Hargrove, J, Treasure, C, Emerson, R, Haddad, T, Rohr, K, Levinson, L, Gaona, R, Uretsky, B, Maheshwari, H, Lee, D, Kinnaman, S, Singal, R, Geohas, J, Gigliotti, O, Raisinghani, A, Khurana, C, Hella, B, Kelberman, M, Voyce, S, Singh, S, Lo, E, Singh, P, Goodfellow, R, Fischer, S, Lorraine, R, Turner, T, Shanes, J, Busch, R, Broker, R, Zaniewski, M, Pounds, K, Debs-Perez, G, Ong, S, Frandsen, B, Fullington, D, Jaffrani, N, Khan, A, Lee, M, Pouzar, J, Revtyak, G, Gonzalez, J, Nakhle, S, Murillo, A, Young, D, Makam, S, Syed, M, Woolf, K, Grena, P, Alfata, S, Mahal, S, Hoffman, D, Kizhakekuttu, T, Deering, J, Bhavsar, J, Mikesell, S, Wilson, W, Wilson, V, El, S, Spinale, F, Kannarkat, V, Rao, S, Hanson, L, Bertsch, J, Gonzalez-Ortiz, E, Severino, N, Willis, J, Schock, J, Bakhtari, L, Gazmuri, R, Ansari, S, Hall, J, Mehta, A, Shealy, N, Zarich, S, Singh, D, Vora, K, Andrawis, N, Molter, D, Maron, D, Cardona, J, D'Agostino, R, Arshad, T, Samaan, R, Jones, D, Presser, D, Heath, J, Green, S, Bittar, G, Henry, S, Korn, D, Schmedtje, J, Nadar, V, Graham, B, Labroo, A, Clavijo, L, Roseman, H, Ledesma, G, Rosen, R, Dor, I, Kirby, W, Sutton, J, Eder, F, Iteld, B, Gomez-Cortes, J, Buchbinder, M, Kasper, J, Terrelonge, A, Torres, G, Jagielo, T, Alvarez, J, Handelsman, Y, Guillen, M, Richwine, R, Lewy-Alterbaum, L, Corder, C, Arvind, M, Bolshoun, D, Mikhail, M, Minton, S, Alvarado, O, Abbott, J, Cauthen, B, Welter, R, Mintz, R, Cox, J, Quick, A, Weiss, M, Dy, J, Zebrack, J, Gandelman, G, Hegde, V, Silver, M, Degregorio, M, Lawson, W, Paa, C, Bortnick, A, Krolick, M, Sotolongo, R, Cheirif, J, Kumar, P, Jetty, P, Patel, A, Kruk, M, Kobielusz-Gembala, I, Rewerska, B, Madrzejewski, A, Milewski, K, Cygler, J, Petryka-Mazurkiewicz, J, Jastrzebski, W, Korecki, J, Fil, W, Prokopczuk, J, Bochenek, A, Wujkowski, M, Witek, R, Konczakowski, P, Miekus, P, Szczasny, M, Musial, W, Cymerman, K, Lampart, J, Mikosinski, J, Szynal, S, Fares, I, Opolski, G, Mazur, S, Wozakowska-Kaplon, B, Bijata-Bronisz, R, Wierucki, L, Losa, B, Drelich, G, Konieczny, M, Starczewski, P, Pawlowicz, L, Jesionowski, P, Jurowiecki, J, Gniot, J, Czyzycki, M, Stania, K, Kucharczyk-Bauman, I, Busz-Papiez, B, Karczmarczyk, A, Sudnik, W, Koszek, A, Kolodziej, P, Skwarna, B, Jaramillo, N, Jankowski, M, Czochra, W, Kinasz, L, Miklaszewicz, B, Stasinska, T, Pluta, W, Basiak, M, Rusicka, T, Niedbal-Yahfouf, I, Popenda, G, Korzeniak, R, Mirek, A, Mariankowski, R, Wojnowski, L, Korol, M, Baszak, J, Podolec, P, Piesiewicz, W, Zurakowski, A, Luengas, C, Skura, M, Pilecki, P, Majchrzak, P, Krzyzagorska, E, Drozd, M, Kaczmarek, B, Sliwinska, T, Zelazowska, K, Sztembis, R, Landa, K, Matyszczak-Toniak, L, Strojek, K, Piepiorka, M, Malinowski, R, Gorska, M, Stolarczyk-Sowa, E, Romanowski, L, Zinka, E, Reszka, Z, Skierkowska, J, Uzunow, A, Laskowska-Derlaga, E, Puntus, E, Kosmacheva, E, Koziolova, N, Pavlov, P, Supryadkina, T, Didenko, Y, Kopylov, P, Kazakov, A, Aksentiev, S, Vishneva, E, Repin, A, Smolenskaya, O, Mantserova, O, Khrustalev, O, Privalova, E, Konstantinov, V, Boldueva, S, Ezhov, A, Chernyavsky, A, Kamalov, G, Galyavich, A, Zubeeva, G, Nechaeva, G, Shustov, S, Dzhaiani, N, Treshkur, T, Osokina, N, Panov, A, Shutemova, E, Makukhin, V, Kropotina, T, Tsyba, L, Karpov, Y, Sizova, J, Ballyuzek, M, Tarasov, N, Demchenko, E, Barbarash, O, Moiseev, V, Markov, V, Kuznetsov, V, Viktorova, I, Sergienko, I, Ermoshkina, L, Khasanov, N, 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Solis, S, Liberman, A, Sernia, V, Alvarisqueta, A, Maffei, L, Vilamajo, O, Garcia, C, Sicer, M, Muntaner, J, Bordonava, A, Albisu, J, Zanini, A, Rista, L, Hominal, M, Estrada, J, Prado, A, Gosparini, D, Schiavi, B, Castillo, A, Martinez, G, Lopez, V, Rosas, E, Lopez, G, Cantu, E, de los Rios Ibarra, M, Padilla, F, Carrasco, J, Carrillo, L, Garcia, J, Askar, A, Salinas, C, Gamba, M, Sanchez, C, Cantu, A, Sanchez, R, Madrigal, J, Urbano, R, Romo, A, Gonzalez Juanatey, J, Racugno, P, Fillat, A, de la Torre Hernandez, J, Pelaez, J, Cortada, J, Pavia, P, Navarro, M, Asenjo, R, Diaz, F, Peligero, E, Manterola, F, Ortiz, A, Mediavilla Garcia, J, Ortuno, F, Vera, T, Gonzalez, A, Vinas, J, Fernandez Portales, F, Mayordomo, P, Ojeda, F, Dominguez, A, Gonzalez, R, Guerrero, D, Ruiz Nodar, J, Marimon, X, Margaez, J, Aguilera, R, Diaz Fernandez, J, Zamorano Gomez, J, Gonzalez, V, del Blanco, B, Perez, I, Moreno, M, Ereno, A, Garcia Lledo, J, Prieto, J, Villablanca, A, Raffo, C, Pincetti, C, Conejeros, C, Roman, O, Varleta, P, Goldberg, C, Sandoval, J, Arriagada, G, Corbalan, R, Leon, L, Potthoff, S, Cobos, J, Figueroa, C, Makotoko, E, Fourie, N, Burgess, L, Nortje, H, Theron, R, Pillai, P, Ranjith, N, Trokis, J, Pillay, S, Reddy, J, Nunkoo, T, Kapp, C, Urbach, D, Distiller, L, Horak, A, van Zyl, L, Coetzee, K, Punt, Z, Bayat, J, Dawood, S, Mitha, I, Padayachee, T, Hoosen, F, Dalby, A, Prabhavathi, Gowdaiah, P, Mehta, V, Chag, M, Gadkari, M, Ramamurthee, K, Das, A, Sawhney, J, Sathe, P, Adhyapak, S, Nguyen, T, Pham, V, Do, H, Nguyen, A, Nguyen, H, Truong, B, Jamil-Copley, S, Lang, C, Pell, A, Zaman, A, Storey, R, Swanson, N, Sharman, D, Braganza, D, Hammond, P, Moriarty, A, Bain, S, Pye, M, Sharp, A, Blagden, M, Randeva, H, Myhill, T, Viswanathan, G, Keeling, P, Clifford, P, Saxena, M, Lyons, K, Mcmurray, J, Jaafar, F, Murphy, C, Cartwright, S, Abouglila, K, Antalik, L, Krajci, P, Urban, M, Fazekas, F, Pella, D, Koleny, D, Vykoukalova, T, Macek, V, Vinanska, D, Jamriskova, L, Such, S, Fulop, P, Farsky, S, Bugan, V, Strbova, J, Micko, K, Palka Jr, J, Sivak, V, Kristensen, D, Refsgaard, J, Holmvang, L, Dixen, U, Nielsen, H, Egstrup, K, Jensen, L, Sykulski, R, Rasmussen, O, Andries, A, Luckow, A, Nielsen, G, Sorensen, T, Wongvipaporn, C, Chamnarnphol, N, Srimahachota, S, Sansanayudh, N, Kuanprasert, S, Tresukosol, D, Sookananchai, B, Kanadasi, M, Ozcan, T, Kucuk, M, Ongen, Z, Okuyan, E, Arat, A, Acikel, S, Yalcin, A, Guray, U, Ceyhan, C, Ozer, N, Arslan, S, Angeras, O, Johnston, N, Weiderman, A, Bandh, S, Hansen, O, Larnefeldt, H, Kusiak, D, Lindholm, C, Hedman, A, Erlinge, D, Curiac, D, Lundman, P, Zucconi-Mazzini, R, Aladellie, L, Jensen, J, Verwerft, J, Vrolix, M, Faes, D, Striekwold, H, Sinnaeve, P, Timmermans, P, Guedes, A, Delforge, M, Nimmegeers, J, Stammen, F, Buysschaert, I, Hoffer, E, Hollanders, G, Vervoort, G, Coussement, P, de Maeseneire, S, Janssens, L, Gravdal, S, Risberg, K, Gullestad, L, Hofseth, O, Nilsen, D, Lappegard, K, van den Heuvel, C, Gibbs, C, Khusrawi, A, Arora, S, Tomala, T, Kjaernli, T, Berg-Johansen, J, Hagemeier, R, Skjelvan, G, Colquhoun, D, Amerena, J, Morbey, C, Hammett, C, Dart, A, Lehman, R, Hamilton, A, Worthley, M, Purnell, P, Whelan, A, Macisaac, R, Arya, K, Linjawi, S, Proietto, J, Prasad, L, Rodriguez, A, Godoy, A, Rodriguez, V, Berrospi, P, Chavez, C, Negron, S, Heredia, J, Medina, F, Manrique, H, Cabrera, W, Cordova, F, Quinteros, T, Haro, J, Regalado, S, Guitton, J, Arbanil, H, Pansieri, M, Decoulx, E, Goube, P, de Labriolle, A, Labeque, J, Range, G, Cottin, Y, Montalescot, G, Cayla, G, Danchin, N, Angoulvant, D, Ferrario, E, Elbaz, M, Dubreuil, O, Fontaine, C, Sorbets, E, Omer, H, Al-Saif, S, Al-Faleh, H, Al-Shehri, A, El-Amin, O, Alshehri, H, Bazari, R, Hei, P, Ying, M, Chan, M, Wong, M, Ma, R, Siu, S, Tsang, C, Ferrario, M, Assanelli, E, Senni, M, Piatti, P, Calabro, P, Urbinati, S, Michisanti, M, Varbella, F, de Cosmo, S, Trevisan, R, Bellotti, S, Di Pasquale, G, Bongo, A, Uguccioni, M, Mannucci, E, Mauro, C, Ragonese, M, Fresco, C, Turturo, M, Marcucci, R, Lievano Triana, M, Arana, C, Accini, J, Botero, R, Muzyk-Osikowicz, M, Dada, F, Vallejo, G, Manzur, F, Isaza, D, Molina, D, Mesa, J, Quintero, A, Nyman, K, Makela, J, Strand, J, Nieminen, S, Taurio, J, Kuusela, M, Valle, T, Pietila, M, Kekki, S, Strandberg, T, Klutstein, M, Greenberg, G, Rozenman, Y, Chorin, E, Roguin, A, Lewis, B, Bashkin, A, Tan, E, Prado, J, Ferrolino, A, Babilonia, N, Barbas, B, Matiga, G, Coching, R, Drexel, H, Brath, H, Schnack, C, Hanusch, U, Fliesser-Gorzer, E, Paulweber, B, Ebenbichler, C, Prager, R, Huber, K, Wolzt, M, Auer, J, Berger, R, Schernthaner, G, Stanciulescu, G, Creteanu, M, Spiridon, M, Dobreanu, V, Vinereanu, D, Iosipescu, L, Istratoaie, O, Coman, I, Militaru, C, Cinteza, M, Nicolau, J, Kerr Saraiva, J, Widimsky, P, Kristensen, S, Hartikainen, J, Darius, H, Tse, H, Pais, P, Lev, E, de Luca, L, Ramos Lopez, G, Kontny, F, Zateyshchikov, D, Ruda, M, Elamin, O, Kovar, F, Bueno, H, Leonsson-Zachrisson, M, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de pharmacologie - Dosage de médicaments [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust-Imperial College London

Subjects
Male, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/therapeutic use, THEMIS Steering Committee and Investigators, medicine.medical_treatment, Vascular damage Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 16], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary Angiography, Stroke/epidemiology, Coronary artery disease, DOUBLE-BLIND, 0302 clinical medicine, Hemorrhage/chemically induced, acetylsalicylic acid, antidiabetic agent, placebo, ticagrelor, Secondary Prevention, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Coronary Artery Bypass, Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, OUTCOMES, Aspirin, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Clopidogrel, 3. Good health, Ticagrelor/therapeutic use, DRUG-ELUTING STENTS, CLOPIDOGREL, Cardiology, PLATELET INHIBITION, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Ticagrelor, TIMI, medicine.drug, Coronary Artery Disease/complications, medicine.medical_specialty, Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use, POOLED ANALYSIS, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, Double-Blind Method, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology, Humans, Aged, Science & Technology, ANTIPLATELET THERAPY, business.industry, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications, ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION, RIVAROXABAN, Percutaneous coronary intervention, medicine.disease, ASPIRIN, Coronary Stenosis/diagnostic imaging, Aspirin/therapeutic use, Conventional PCI, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 215333.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) BACKGROUND: Patients with stable coronary artery disease and diabetes with previous percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), particularly those with previous stenting, are at high risk of ischaemic events. These patients are generally treated with aspirin. In this trial, we aimed to investigate if these patients would benefit from treatment with aspirin plus ticagrelor. METHODS: The Effect of Ticagrelor on Health Outcomes in diabEtes Mellitus patients Intervention Study (THEMIS) was a phase 3 randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial, done in 1315 sites in 42 countries. Patients were eligible if 50 years or older, with type 2 diabetes, receiving anti-hyperglycaemic drugs for at least 6 months, with stable coronary artery disease, and one of three other mutually non-exclusive criteria: a history of previous PCI or of coronary artery bypass grafting, or documentation of angiographic stenosis of 50% or more in at least one coronary artery. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to either ticagrelor or placebo, by use of an interactive voice-response or web-response system. The THEMIS-PCI trial comprised a prespecified subgroup of patients with previous PCI. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (measured in the intention-to-treat population). FINDINGS: Between Feb 17, 2014, and May 24, 2016, 11 154 patients (58% of the overall THEMIS trial) with a history of previous PCI were enrolled in the THEMIS-PCI trial. Median follow-up was 3.3 years (IQR 2.8-3.8). In the previous PCI group, fewer patients receiving ticagrelor had a primary efficacy outcome event than in the placebo group (404 [7.3%] of 5558 vs 480 [8.6%] of 5596; HR 0.85 [95% CI 0.74-0.97], p=0.013). The same effect was not observed in patients without PCI (p=0.76, pinteraction=0.16). The proportion of patients with cardiovascular death was similar in both treatment groups (174 [3.1%] with ticagrelor vs 183 (3.3%) with placebo; HR 0.96 [95% CI 0.78-1.18], p=0.68), as well as all-cause death (282 [5.1%] vs 323 [5.8%]; 0.88 [0.75-1.03], p=0.11). TIMI major bleeding occurred in 111 (2.0%) of 5536 patients receiving ticagrelor and 62 (1.1%) of 5564 patients receiving placebo (HR 2.03 [95% CI 1.48-2.76], p

Published
2019

150. Estudo do papel do sistema purinérgico na mediação das respostas cardiovasculares do núcleo ambíguo e do reflexo bezold-jarisch em ratos anestesiados

Author

PASSAMANI, L. M., SAMPAIO, K. N., MACHADO, B. H., and SCHENBERG, L. C.

Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T22:58:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_3153_Dissertação Luciana Mesquita Passamani.pdf: 2207802 bytes, checksum: cff5c9d088babd6557effe4da8264b23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-01 O nucleotídeo purinérgico, adenosina 5-trifosfato (ATP) pode agir como um neurotransmissor/neuromodulador no sistema nervoso central, inclusive em núcleos associados com o controle autonômico. Estudos anatômicos têm demonstrado a existência de receptores purinérgicos P2 no núcleo ambíguo (NA). Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre o papel desses receptores na mediação das respostas cardiovasculares do NA. Sendo assim, o nosso trabalho teve como objetivos: a) avaliar os efeitos da ativação dos receptores purinérgicos do NA sobre a pressão arterial e a frequência cardíaca, b) avaliar os efeitos do bloqueio autonômico periférico na modulação das respostas cardiovasculares mediadas pela ativação dos receptores purinérgicos do NA, c) avaliar o papel dos receptores purinérgicos na modulação das respostas mediadas pela ativação glutamatérgica do NA, e d) avaliar a modulação do sistema purinérgico ao nível do NA na mediação das respostas cardiovasculares do reflexo Bezold-Jarisch. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar, anestesiados com uretana (1,4 g/kg, i.p.), paralisados com succinilcolina e ventilados artificialmente. A artéria e veia femorais foram cateterizadas para permitir os registros cardiovasculares e a administração de drogas, respectivamente. As coordenadas estereotáxicas de referência utilizadas para atingir o NA foram: +0,5 mm rostral ao óbex, ±1,7 mm lateral e -1,2 a -1,8 mm ventral. As drogas utilizadas foram: L-Glutamato (5,0 nmol/50 nL), ATP (0,31; 2,5; 3,5; 5,0; 6,0 nmol/50 nL), prazosin (1,0 mg/kg), metil-atropina (2,0 mg/kg), PPADS (500 pmol/100 nL) e solução salina (0,9%). O reflexo Bezold-Jarisch foi ativado pela administração intravenosa de fenilbiguanida (12,0 µg/kg). Os dados obtidos mostraram respostas bradicárdicas com um padrão dose-dependente e também respostas pressoras às microinjeções de ATP nas doses testadas (0,31; 2,5; 3,5; 5,0; 6,0 nmol/50 nL) no NA. O bloqueio α1-adrenérgico com prazosin não alterou significativamente a resposta bradicárdica, mas aboliu a resposta pressora gerada pela microinjeção de ATP (3,5 nmol/50 nL). O bloqueio muscarínico com metil-atropina aboliu a resposta bradicárdica gerada pela microinjeção de ATP (3,5 nmol/50 nL). Microinjeções ipsilaterais de PPADS (500 pmol/100 nL) no NA promoveram uma significativa atenuação da resposta bradicárdica e nenhuma alteração na resposta pressora à microinjeção de ATP no NA (3,5 nmol/50 nL). Além disso, microinjeções ipsilaterais de PPADS (500 pmol/100 nL) no NA promoveram uma significativa atenuação da resposta bradicárdica gerada pela microinjeção de L-Glutamato (5,0 nmol/50 nL). Microinjeções bilaterais de PPADS (500 pmol/100 nL) no NA atenuaram significativamente as respostas hipotensora e bradicárdica do reflexo Bezold-Jarisch. Estes resultados sugerem que os receptores purinérgicos do tipo P2 no NA parecem estar envolvidos na mediação das respostas cardiovagais ao ATP e que estes efeitos podem envolver uma neuromodulação do sistema glutamatérgico ao nível do NA em ratos anestesiados. Adicionalmente, nossos dados mostram que os receptores purinérgicos do tipo P2 do NA, parecem ter participação na mediação das respostas cardiovasculares do reflexo Bezold-Jarisch. No entanto, os subtipos específicos de receptores purinérgicos envolvidos bem como a participação do sistema purinérgico em outros reflexos cardiovasculares ao nível do NA permanecem por ser elucidados.

Published
2009

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