Search

AISI 304 stainless steel categorized under austenitic, has good resistance to corrosion and applicable for high resistance to pitting and stresses. But it has poor hardness, sterngth and resistance to wear. In order to overcome the above problem, various hardening techniques like nitriding, carburizing, carbonitriding, Cyaniding etc are preferred. In this work, aqueous soluted nitriding process is carried out to improve the surface hardness and wear resistance on AISI 304 specimens. Three specimens in cylindrical shape with a diameter of 10mm and length 35mm are treated with salt bath nitriding process for a time period of 45 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes and named as SBN 1, SBN 2, SBN 3 respectively. One specimen is kept untreated to compare the results with treated specimens. After the heat treatment procedure is completed, pin on disc wear testing instrument was used to conduct a wear test at a constant speed and load. All the specimens were subjected to Scanning Electron Microscope test and the results were compared.

Vijay Kumar, U. Rajkumar, Niranjan, M. And Rao, S.V Rama 2020. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on chicken meat and egg consumption patterns in rural and urban areas. Indian Journal of Poultry Science, 55(2): 147–150.

A simple, Accurate, precise and rapid method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of the Metformin and Linagliptin in Tablet dosage form. Chromatogram was run through Inertsil ODS C18 (250 x 4.6 mm, 5). Mobile phase containing Methanol, Acetonitrile and Water in the ratio of 40: 40: 20 was pumped through column at a flow rate of 1ml/min. Optimized wavelength for Metformin and Linagliptin was 258 nm. Retention time of Metformin and Linagliptin were found to be 2.764 min and 3.162 min %RSD of Metformin and Linagliptin were found to be 0.507 and 0.51 respectively. % Assay was obtained as 99.24% and 99.82% for Metformin and Linagliptin respectively. LOD, LOQ values of Metformin and Linagliptin were 0.08ppm, 0.25ppm and 0.03ppm, 0.08ppm respectively. Regression equation of Metformin was found to be y = 10831x-34273, and for Linagliptin value was found y = 21030x + 31232. Hence the developed method can be successfully employed for the routine analysis of Metformin and Linagliptin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Synopsis Accurate estimation of the scattering properties at the ultracold temperatures is challenging due to the demand for the precise knowledge of interactions between the colliding partners. We identify the aspects of interactions that play the defining roles in the scattering calculations. We compute potential energy curves for the 7Li+-7Li, X2∑g + and A2∑u +, and determine their collisional properties.

Objective of the work was to develop a three-way cross for egg-type backyard chicken using male and female lines developed from exotic chickens. To improve the egg production further and to get colour plumage pattern, the two-way cross PD1 X IWI males were crossed with PD3 females to produce three-way cross (PD1 X IWI X PD3). The crossbred was evaluated for different traits upto 72 weeks of age. Sexual dimorphisms were evident from two weeks onwards for body weights and shank length differ significantly (P

Excessive or thick pulmonary secretions obstructing the small airways are a common problem in neonatal population. Pulmonary collapse may occur secondary to mucus plug. Recombinant - DNase is thought to improve atelectasis by decreasing viscosity and assisting mucociliary clearance in cases of pulmonary collapse. Inhaled hypertonic saline is tried as an alternative. Here we report a case of respiratory distress syndrome with collapse of entire left lower lobe which is very rare and it responded significantly to hypertonic saline nebulisation along with chest physiotherapy and regular suctioning. Atelectasis is common in post extubated neonates but in our case it developed in pre intubation period. Here we highlight the fact that nebulized hypertonic saline can be an effective alternative to recombinant DNase in resource limited settings like in India.

A study was conducted to assess genetic heterogeneity among 14 chicken populations using 16 microsatellite markers. All the microsatellite loci except MCW048 were polymorphic. The number of alleles varied from 2 to 6. The polymorphic information content of the microsatellite markers varied from 0.21 to 0.87. The average observed number of alleles across the microsatellites varied from 3 to 3.8, while effective number of alleles varied from 1.9 to 3.0. The average observed and expected heterozygosities were in the range of 0.3–0.6 and 0.4–0.6, respectively. The markers, MCW049, MCW044, MCW041, ADL176, MCW059, ADL136 and MCW110 showed heterozygosity excess and ADL158, MCW043, ADL102, MCW014, ADL023, ADL210 and MCW007 markers revealed heterozygosity deficiency in the populations. The genetic distance between layer and broiler lines was found to be high ranging from 0.22 to 0.38. The Indigenous populations were more closely related to broiler lines than layer ones. In conclusion, it is stated that Indigenous,...

Coloured broiler breeders are becoming popular in recent years because of the preference for a range of poultry products as well as the welfare issues in the poultry industry. The female broiler breeders are continuously improved for various economic traits. Amongst these, egg quality trait is very essential for the production of healthy and viable chicks. This study investigates the egg quality parameters in a synthetic coloured broiler breeder female line at different age groups. The study revealed that the egg quality is optimum for setting the eggs for hatching from 40 week onwards as the egg size and internal egg parameters attain the minimum standards for the production of a healthy chick.

In the projected analysis work, a successful; attempt was made to develop simple, accurate, novel, ecofriendly and precise technique for the estimation of poorly water soluble drug Gliclazide in single drug containing dosage form. In the present investigation, a mixed hydrotropic blend of 2M urea and 6M trisodium citrate was used for quantitative determination. Gliclazide showed λ-max at 225 nm and beer's law was obeyed with in the concentration range of 4μg/ml-12μg/ml with mean recovery ranging from 95.33% to 96.35%. The developed technique was validated as per ICH guidelines.

In the present paper an attempt has been made to evaluate the physicochemical properties(density, moisture content, specific gravity, refractive index, boiling point, viscosity, acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, saponifiation value) of some available edible oils in Tirupathi and detail description of various factors affecting edible oils like temperature, moisture, oxygen, effect of refining process, types of adulterations, effects of metals, and antioxidant properties of oils has been discussed.

Binders are added to tablet formulation to impart plasticity and thus increase the interparticulate bonding strength within the tablet. The development of new excipients for potential use as binding agent in tablet formulations continues to be of interest. This is because different binding agents can be useful in achieving various tablet mechanical strength and drug release properties for different pharmaceutical purpose Binders are agents employed to impart cohesiveness to the granules. This ensures the tablet remains intact after compression as well as improving the flow qualities by the formulation of granules of derived hardness and size. Natural binders like different starch, gums, mucilages, dried fruits possesses binding capacity as well as some other properties like filler, disintergrant & natural polymers are safe & economical than synthetic polymers like PVP.

The advent of graph theory has played a prominent role in wide variety of engineering applications. Minimization of crossing numbers in graphs optimizes its use in many applications. In this paper, we establish the necessary and sufficient condition for Semi-Image neighborhood block graph to have crossing number 3. We also prove that the Semi-Image neighborhood block graph NB I ( G ) of a graph never has crossing numbers k , where 1 ? k ? 6. Keywords : Semi-Image; Neighborhood block; Crossing numbers. © 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i2.11019 J. Sci. Res. 5 (2), 295-299 (2013)

Introduction There is evidence for use of cemented hemiarthroplasty resulting in greater anchoring and lesser peri prosthetic fracture. However, this procedure results in more haemodynamic instability and cardiopulmonary complications termed as 'cement reaction' or bone cement implantation syndrome. There has been a heightened interest among surgeons to compare cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty for fracture neck of femur. Aim To compare cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty in terms of blood loss during the procedure, post-operative complications, mortality, functional recovery and long term clinical outcome. Materials and methods In a prospective study spanning 8 years from January 2006 to January 2014 in a tertiary care hospital, 52 cases of fracture of neck were selected. Twenty four patients underwent cemented and 28 patients underwent uncemented hemiarthroplasty. Mean follow up duration was 59.3 months. Harris Hip Score evaluation was done at each follow up. Radiological evaluation was done at each follow up for calcar length and periprosthetic fractures. Results Mean age of patients was 70 years. Harris Hip scores at 3, 6 and 12 months did not show statistically significant differences. Periprosthetic osteolysis or loosening was not seen in the present study. No complications noted in uncemented hemiarthroplasty. Four patients who had cemented hemiarthroplasty had infections. No mortality occurred during admission and within 12 months after surgery. Conclusion No significant difference was noted between the cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty procedures on long term follow up in terms of functionality. No re-operations and no mortality reported. Cemented hemiarthroplasty had more blood loss and minimal post-operative complications.

In this paper, we derive an EM algorithm for nonlinear state space models. We use it to estimate jointly the neural network weights, the model uncertainty and the noise in the data. In the E-step we apply a forward-backward Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother to compute the network weights. For the M-step, we derive expressions to compute the model uncertainty and the measurement noise. We find that the method is intrinsically very powerful, simple and stable.

Genetic polymorphism of promoter (Fragment 1, 2 and 3) of prolactin gene in four strains of White Leghorn chicken layers i.e. IWH, IWI, IWK and layer control was identified. Two alleles (A and B) were found in all the promoter fragments of the gene. In above mentioned layer populations, A allele was predominant. The genotypic and allelic distribution was significantly differed among the populations. Different demographic and divergent parameters were estimated in all the lines. It is concluded that all 3 fragments of promoter of prolactin gene was polymorphic in four strains of White Leghorn layer populations.

A study was designed to explore genetic variability of partial promoter and exon 1 of pit-1 gene and its effect on immune competence traits in White Leghorn chicken. Single stranded conformation polymorphism technique followed by sequencing was employed to detect polymorphism of the gene. Three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) were observed in White Leghorn chicken where two alleles (A and B) were found. AB genotype and A allele were predominant in the population. Different demographic parameters estimated in the White Leghorn chicken lines indicated the presence of genetic divergence among the lines. The pit-1 mRNA expression varied among the genotypes where genotype BB expressed higher than genotype AA and AB. The genotypes as well as alleles showed significant effect (P < 0.05) on sheep RBC titre in White Leghorn chicken.

A study was conducted to explore polymorphism at 5′ flanking region of prolactin gene and to estimate the effect of polymorphism on egg quality traits in naked neck chickens. Single-stranded conformation polymorphism technique was employed to detect polymorphism in the gene. Three genotypes (AA, AB and AC) were observed in naked neck chicken of which the predominant genotype was AB. The predominant and least frequent alleles in the population were A and C, respectively. The sequence alignment study revealed a number of nucleotide substitutions at different positions of the alleles. Genotypes showed significant effect (P < 0.05) on Haugh unit and yolk index where birds with AB and AC genotypes were the best performers. In conclusion, it may be inferred that 5′ flanking region of prolactin gene was polymorphic with having significant effect on some egg quality traits in the naked neck chicken.

The present study was conducted to characterize 2 important native chicken breeds from India and compare them on growth, production, egg and semen quality, and welfare traits. The Aseel breed showed (P < 0.001) higher BW at different ages; higher shank, radius, and toe lengths at 40 wk of age; and greater egg weights at 28, 32, and 40 wk of age than did the Kadaknath breed. The Kadaknath breed reached sexual maturity at an early age, and it had higher 40-wk egg production (P < 0.001). Higher egg specific gravity (P < 0.05) and higher albumen (P < 0.001) and shell (P < 0.009) percentages in the Kadaknath were observed, whereas the Aseel breed had a higher yolk index (P < 0.004), higher yolk percentage (P < 0.001), and higher yolk-to-albumen ratio (P < 0.001). Concentration of sperm (P < 0.01), live sperm counts (P < 0.05), and semen appearance scores (P < 0.05) were higher in the Aseel breed than in the Kadaknath breed. The Aseel breed showed a greater incidence of feather-pecking behavior under floor rearing, and this was negligible or mild in the Kadaknath breed. Broodiness under cage rearing was observed (8.42%) in the Aseel breed. With regard to welfare traits, male Aseel birds had a significantly shorter (P < 0.05) duration of tonic immobility (TI) than did male Kadaknath birds. Furthermore, male Aseel birds had a shorter (P < 0.001) duration of TI than did female Aseel birds, whereas female Aseel birds had a longer (P < 0.05) duration of TI than did female and male Kadaknath birds. From this study, it was concluded that the breeds differed on various growth, production, egg and semen quality, and behavioral traits, but not on welfare traits, although female Aseel birds exhibited a greater fear response.

The pituitary hormone prolactin has a wide variety of functions involving growth, behavioral, and ovarian activities in chickens. The objectives of the present study were to identify polymorphisms in the prolactin promoter and estimate their effects on growth traits in White Leghorn chickens. Among 28 haplotypes found, the h1 haplotype was predominant. Body weight at 16 and 64 weeks and age at sexual maturity were significantly associated with haplotype combinations (P < 0.05). The h1/h1 haplogroup showed the highest body weight at 16 weeks of age, and h1/h7 was the highest at 64 weeks. The lowest age at sexual maturity was found in birds with the h1/h6 haplotype combination, and mRNA expression of prolactin was lowest in h1/h4 birds and highest in h1/h5 birds. The prolactin promoter was highly polymorphic and had significant associations with growth traits in White Leghorn chickens.

A comprehensive study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of naked neck (Na) gene on immune competence, serum biochemical parameters and carcass quality traits in three genotypes (NaNa, Nana and nana) of the naked neck chicken under a tropical climate (Southern India). Sixty day-old chicks (20 from each genotype) were selected randomly and reared under similar environmental conditions up to eight weeks of age. The cell mediated immune (CMI) response to phytohaemoagglutinin-P (PHA-P) was significantly higher (p≤0.01) in NaNa and Nana genotypes compared to nana birds. The humoral response as measured by antibody titre to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was also significantly higher in NaNa. The total cholesterol, LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels were significantly (p≤0.01) lower whereas HDL cholesterol level was significantly higher in NaNa and Nana compared to nana genotype. The presence of Na allele significantly increased the live weight and dressing yield, and decreased the feather cover and abdominal fat. The naked neck genotypes (NaNa/Nana) performed better than the normal (nana) siblings for almost all the traits studied.

Andaman and Nicobar Islands constitute isolated group of five hundred and seventy-two islands with most of them human un-inhabited having rich flora and fauna. A check-list of fungi reported from Andaman and Nicobar Islands has been compiled based on the information available in the literature and is provided in a table. Totally 446 fungal species, distributed over 216 genera, 96 families, 44 orders, ten classes and seven phyla have been reported so far. Meliola is the most speciose genus and the family Meliolaceae has been represented with a large number of species. Among the different order Ostropales has been represented with a large number of species than others. In the case of different classes Sordariomycetes has more representation and the Ascomycota among different phyla. There are only a few reports available on the research carried out from the Islands and these are mostly on lichenized fungi and Meliolales in addition to a single report on 63 marine fungi from mangroves of the Islands through one collection. This reflects on the specialists who have contributed research work from the Islands. As otherwise the Islands have largely remained unexplored for fungal diversity.

We establish here necessary and sufficient conditions for quasi-total graphs to have crossing numbers k ( k = 1, 2 or 3). Keywords : Quasi-total; Crossing numbers. © 2010 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v2i2.3527 J. Sci. Res. 2 (2), 257-263 (2010)

Cancer is abnormal growth of cells in the body; cancer almost affects any one at any age. Cancer affects most of the people; the mortality rate of cancer is high when compared to any other disease. With emerging trends in herbal medicine and complementary alternative medicine India is considered to be one of the largest producer of herbal medicine in the world. Scientists and researchers are inventing many synthetic analogs with anticancer activity these allopathic medicines have severe side effects and become toxic to many patients suffering with cancer. The treatment or chemotherapy given for cancer patient is costly so the treatment should be non-toxic and economic. There are anticancer medicinal plants abundantly present in India there are many active constituents which can be isolated and patented. Scientists and researchers are meticulously working to invent new compounds with anticancer activity. India is having an unexplored data of hidden treasure of medicinal plants. These plants can be explored in future and will be helpful for the researchers who are working on anticancer medicinal plants. This review has been compiled from various sources and reports few plants collected from various literatures containing anticancer activities. This review contains few medicinal plants the type of extract, different type of cell lines and the assay methods used. Cancer will become the most dreadful disease affecting many people in the world in future so this review on cancer has been chosen and compiled from many literatures. This review will be helpful for researchers around the globe in finding new entities and new molecules from easily available plants for the treatment of cancer.

Variability of microsatellites and a possible relationship with growth, egg production, and immunocompetence traits were estimated for six crossbred chicken populations of White Leghorn. Nine microsatellite markers were explored; an association study used the least square maximum-likelihood method on 170 birds of six genetic groups. Seven microsatellites were polymorphic, with two to four alleles. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of five markers was more than 52%. Microsatellites MCW0041, ADL0210, and MCW0110 were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with egg production traits. Genotype 33 of MCW0041 had the highest egg production, up to 64 and 72 weeks of age. Genotypes 11 and 13 of this marker produced the lowest number of eggs. The heterozygous genotype 34 of ADL0210 had the highest egg production, up to 52, 64, and 72 weeks of age. Homozygote 11 of MCW0110 produced the highest number of eggs, up to 28 weeks of age. MCW0041 was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with body weight at 28 and 40 weeks of age. No microsatellite was significantly associated with egg weight at any age, with age at sexual maturity, or with immune response to sheep RBC.

A comprehensive study was undertaken to evaluate the egg quality traits in three naked neck genotypes, NaNa (homozygous), Nana (heterozygous) and nana (normal) by utilizing 556 eggs collected at 28, 32, 36 and 40 weeks of age. The overall mean egg weight, shape index and Haugh unit values were 56.41 g, 75.79 and 75.98, respectively. The yolk index, yolk height and yolk colour varied significantly (p

We present here characterizations of graphs whose semi total (point) graphs are outerplanar and k-minimally nonouterplanar (k = 1, 2 or 3).Keywords: Semi total (Point) graph; Minimally nonouterplanarity; Outerplanar; Block.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i3.2578 J. Sci. Res. 1 (3), 551-557 (2009)

The data of G-5 generation of inbred and non-inbred populations of Dahlem Red were utilized in the present study. These populations were originally developed by a regular system of full sib and half sib mating for 5 successive generations. A random mated non-inbred population was also maintained. Consequently, 3 sub populations have been developed from the same base population, namely, a full sib mated group (FS), a half sib mated group (HS) and a non-inbred group (NB). The inbreeding coefficient in the G-5 generation in the FS group and HS groups was 67.2% and 44.9%, respectively. These three sub populations were subjected to PCR-RAPD analysis to observe the genetic distance and similarity between different subpopulations. A total of 41 random primers (decamers) were screened for RAPD analysis, out of which 21 primers amplified the genomic DNA, generated 128 to 4544 bp bands. The Mean Average Percentage Difference (MAPD) varied between 13.22 and 22.20. The MAPD was highest between FS and NB and lowest between HS and FS. The intra-population genetic similarity was highest in FS (0.7139) followed by HS (0.7095) and NB (0.7054) which indicated that FS subpopulation is most uniform. The FS and NB had maximum genetic distance (by both band sharing and band frequency) and FS and HS had lowest genetic distance. The immune response to SRBC was highest in NB group followed by FS and HS groups.