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Areca nut a well-known masticator used across globe. Habitual chewing of areca nut is associated with serious oral health effects. However, the role of areca nut in oxidative stress induction and cell death is less understood. Hence, in the present study we aimed to evaluate the toxic mechanism of areca nut extract on human lung epithelial A549 cells. Cells were treated with or without aqueous areca nut extract and cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Cells treated with areca nut extract show reduced viability in a dose dependent manner with the IC 50 of 0.5% concentration. Areca nut extract induced the reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation followed by membrane damage with leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme. Cells with continuous exposure of areca nut extract depletes the free radical neutralizing anti-oxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and Glutathione-S-transferase (GST). Further, the analysis of mRNA expression of apoptotic genes and cell cycle regulators show decreased expression of anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-2), Cyclin E1, Cyclin D1, CDK4, Rb and p53 whereas induced expression of p21 and marginal increase of pro-apoptotic gene (Bax) confirms the toxic nature of areca nut. Thus, cell death due to areca nut exposure may be through different mechanism rather than the conventional apoptotic pathway, where p21 induction might be independent of p53 action, which possibly suggests that there may be a role of p21 in oxidative stress induced cell death. Further FACS analysis confirms cell death in areca nut treated cells.

Melanoma is one of the most vigorous and life threatening kind of skin cancer, accounting for millions of death per year. Understanding the process of normal cells transforming to melanoma cells has become a current necessity. The prime objective of the study is to classify the mutated genes that have a role in transforming normal skin epithelial cells into a melanoma cell and predicting their clinical relevance and health care perspective. In order to achieve the objective, we have conducted a comprehensive genome analysis using whole exome sequencing data, precisely focusing on mutations or gene alterations at distinct stages of melanoma. The high number of mutations was predicted at the metastatic stage on conducting whole exome sequence data analysis, wherein study showed that among 61 genes involved in melanoma process, majority of genes are part of NF-KB and WNT signaling pathway, thereby hints the involvement of these two pathways in melanoma disease progression. The identified genes are OR52E2, OR51I1, OR52A5, OR5AS1, OR52E6, OR10P1, OR5M1, OR10A7, OR9Q2, OR52I1, RASA1, and PIK3CA. Further, Invitro analysis of these genes may prove the possibility of melanoma biomarkers.

At the present time, treatment of industrial waste and biorefinery process is intricate ones in industrial process because of high energy requirements and expensive nature for biorefinery process. To overcome this concern, an unconventional technology is needed for the efficient operation which recovers useful energy from the industrial waste to make this operation a sustainable one. The conventional biodegradation processes have concentrated on humiliating toxic organic pollutants and have omitted the extrication of chemical energy from it, which in turn wasted as biomass. These unnecessary biomass can cause clogging in bioreactor, retardation of mass transfer, and other bioprocesses. To overcome the drawbacks in existing industrial effluent treatment processes, researchers paid attention on microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Currently, MFC is one of the fascinating technologies for treating industrial effluents as well as producing bioenergy, biogas, and chemicals. MFC is a biorefinery process and also cost effective for industries which have zero effluent discharge system. The present chapter throws light upon the different aspects of MFC to treat industrial waste that has more organic waste in a batch and fed-batch mode. Performance of MFC depends on electrode materials, living biocatalyst, and electrochemically active biofilm developed at anode. Carbon-based electrodes derived from waste materials are used as electrodes (both anode and cathode) and employed in MFCs. The reasons behind it may be due to their nontoxic nature, biocompatibility, long durability, good conductivity as well as relatively low cost. This chapter describes elaborately about the possibilities of bioenergy from industrial waste, effects of industrial waste on environment, traditional treatment methods and its demerits, MFC concepts, prospects, confront, applications, its design and configuration, challenges, and next-generation point of view.

Due to the increasing human activities, the energy requirement gets increased which leads to the depletion of fossil fuel. Because of this precarious scenario, many research works are being carried out all over the globe to identify a source that is potentially cheap and renewable for energy production. This alternate fuel source should satisfy the energy requirement and also should be eco-friendly. The pollution is the major problem in developing countries which is caused by waste materials. Technically they are not waste because enormous amount of energy is hiding in those materials. A technology which taps out energy from waste materials can solve both problems. One of those promising technology is fuel from microbes. This is a method in which microbes are employed to both degrade the waste materials and synthesis energy from it in form of electricity. It is advantageous over other anaerobic digestion systems, because the end product is biogas which is mostly used for the production of electricity with some loss of energy. But by using Microbial Fuel System the problem can be eliminated. This is one of the emerging technologies for treating wastewater and generating electricity. In last few years, Microbial Fuel Cell has attained significance due to their ability to produce energy from renewable sources such as organic waste. This chapter reviews about the different aspects of MFC to treat industrial waste which has more organic waste in a batch and fed batch mode. Besides, the key components of the MFC are electrode materials and its performance is influenced by living biocatalyst and a electrochemically active biofilm developed at the anode. Carbon based electrodes derived from waste materials are commonly used as both anode and cathode and are employed in MFC’s due to their biocompatible nature, durability, conductivity and lower cost. The present book chapter describes elaborately about the possibilities of bioenergy from industrial waste, effects of industrial waste on environment, traditional treatment methods and its demerits, MFC concepts, prospects, confront, applications, its design and configuration, challenges and next generation point of view.

Agro-industries produce large amounts of various forms of waste, which come out from processing activities and waste management processes. The wastes generated may be multi-phase and may consist of multi-component. The amount, characterization and composition of this waste depend on the raw material sources, product types, and processes. Agro-industries, more specifically food industrial wastes, consist of great amount of organic matters which are rich in nutrient content, with higher values of BOD, COD and TSS. If agro-industrial wastes are not correctly treated, they may cause severe pollution problems. Besides, they represent a loss of valuable biomass and nutrients. The present book chapter reviews the various characteristics of pollution management problems of different agro-industries. In many agro-industries, water pollution is a serious threat as compared to solid wastes which have the possibilities for recovery of value added products. Various possible sources and impacts of different agro-industrial wastes on the environment are extensively reviewed. The possible ways of meting out of biomass and inhibition of micro-organism using Biorefinery principles and its challenges are also explored. The bio-refineries can reproduce an oil refinery by means of a bio-refinery using renewable biomass for the manufacturing different products. The possible future of technological developments in order to improve the quality of people’s life and sustaining our environment by using clean bioprocess technologies and its future aspects are also explained. The present book chapter elaborately describes about the key activity of clean technology ‘recycling’ of agro-industrial waste that is deliberately important as it utilizes the integrated approach of waste minimization which guides to biological industrial complex where a group of industries share possible resources and recycling of wastes. This book chapter review highlights the application of bio-refinery concept on wastes obtained from the agro-industries.

The present study emphasis is placed on the analysis and design of elevated water tank structures by manual method and by using SAP2000 software for gravity and lateral loading. A typical intze water tank is considered for the study. The structure is modeled using SAP2000 software using a combination of plate and line elements. The gravity loading consists of vertical and horizontal water pressure along with the self weight of the structure. The lateral loading is in the form of seismic loading as per the provisions of IS 1893. The structure is analyzed for combinations involving gravity and lateral loading. Push over analysis is also performed. The structure is then designed for the internal forces using SAP2000 and manual methods. The results of the present study reveal that SAP2000 is convenient and efficient tool for the analysis and design of water tank structures. The push over curve reveals the ductility of the structure. The results of design from SAP2000 and manual methods are in good agreement with each other., {"references":["Sudhir K. Jain, O R Jaiswal (2007), \"IITK-GSDMA Guidelines for Seismic Design of Liquid Storage Tanks\",","Dr. Jagadish. G. Kori, Pavan. S. Ekbote (August 2013), \"Seismic Behavior of RC Elevated Water Tank under Different Types of Staging Pattern\", Journal of Engineering, Computers & Applied Sciences (JEC&AS), ISSN No: 2319-5606 Volume 2, Issue 8.","Nitesh J Singh, Mohammad Ishtiyaque (2015), \"Design Analysis & Comparison of Intze Type Water Tank For Different Wind Speed And Seismic Zones As Per Indian Codes\", International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Volume 04,","K. S. K Karthik Reddy, Harsh kaviti (2015), \"Analysis and Design of Elevated Intze Water tank and its Comparative Study in Different Wind Zones - using SAP2000\", Volume 2, Issue 2,","Bugatha Adilakshmi, Paliki Suribabu (2016), \"Design, Analysis and Optimization of Intze type water tank for different parameters as per Indian Codes\", International Journal Of Advanced Research In Science And Engineering, Volume 5, Issue 1,","Ms. Rupal Gondalia1, Asst. Prof. Dhananjay Patel (2017), \"Non-Linear Static Pushover Analysis on Elevated Storage Reservoir\", Scientific Journal Of Impact Factor, Volume 4, Issue 4.","Structural Analysis Program SAP2000. \"User's manual, Computers and Structures, Inc., Berkley","IS: 1893-2002 (Part I), \"Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of structures\", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.","IS: 456-2000, \"Indian Standard Code of practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete\", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.","IS: 875 (Part 2), (part3) (1987), \"Code of practice for design loads other than earthquake for buildings and structures: Imposed loads\", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.","SP: 16 (1980), \"Design aids for reinforced concrete to IS: 456-1978\", Indian Standard Institution, New Delhi.","IS: 3370 (Part 1)-2009, \"Code of practice concrete structures for the storage of liquids\"."]}

The objective of our paper is to design and model a mobile application-controlled automobile screw jack using android programming as an Internet of Things platform. Today’s importance on technology expansion has projected a good design and quality product in a lesser time to ease the complicated process of human being. The development of software has become a vital in the digital world to satisfy a number of demands of the user or applications. In order to accomplish the demand of current era, the article has been modelled a design for a mobile enabled hydraulic screw jack system. The description of evolving design and signification of its industrial implication has been shown here. Screw jack used for automobiles is emerging as necessary technology expansion in the industry of automobiles to produce application that allows lifting heavy load on applying less effort. The primary importance of the design of automobile screw jack is to reduce human involvement and their contribution to lift a load. Further there is a significance increases in the efficiency of screw jack model and its designs as ergonomically, (i.e.) neglecting of the complex operating as well as positioning of the screw jack by the operators. On usage of hydraulic system and pneumatic system, the system reduces involvement to lift load on basis of the computation calculation. But in this case also complexity in the posture and position of worker during the operation remains the same here. Hence, we have to design a jack for car which is motorised for easiness of use. But somehow in any case of failure in this electronic system, then the jack will be not able to work further manually. In this work, the entire setup is administrated by mobile application which is constructed as MIT app maker and the important functionality of this project is controlled using Arduino Uno which controls all the motors by obtaining signals from the app with help of a wifi module (ESP8266), Arduino builds the code which is encoded into it by Arduino encoder. Entire assembly is propagated by 60 RPM DC motors. Importance of this model is to make system as effortless and fast response in weight lifting, further it reduces the physical fatigue felt by the weight lift operating employee. Experimental results prove that proposed model outperforms the existing Bluetooth based model on terms of the efficiency and accuracy.

The in situ ZrB 2 /AA2014 composite is being extensively fabricated by the exothermic salt-metal reaction method. The potassium hexafluorozirconate (K 2 ZrF 6 ) and the potassium tetrafluoroborate (KBF 4 ) were used to synthesize the ZrB 2 particles through the salt reaction route The developed insitu aluminium matrix composites were examined for the impending improved mechanical properties such as macro hardness, micro hardness and tensile strength. The developed composites were characterized by optical microscope and X-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction ensures the formation of ZrB 2 phases and also confirms that no other reaction outgrowth compounds are traced in the composites. Optical micrographs display that the particles are nearly uniformly distributed in the matrix alloy. The increase in weight percentage of zirconium diboride particles enhances the hardness and the tensile strength of the composite.

In the present scenario, dual particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites have a vast number of applications in aerospace, marine, transportation, structural and non-structural applications like drive shaft, connecting rod, piston and brake drum. The main objective of this work is for evaluating the mechanical and the tribological behavior of aluminium oxide and graphite particulate reinforced with AA6351 composites were prepared by liquid metallurgy route (Stir casting). Hardness and tensile strength of the composite and the base alloy were investigated. The microstructure of manufactured composite and the base alloy were examined by an optical microscope. Optical microscopy analysis confirmed the nearly uniform distribution of Al2O3/Gr twin particles in Al matrix. The tensile strength and hardness of the composites have significantly improved by the presence of Al2O3/Gr.

A major requirement for human health monitoring in real time is the capability to evaluate their perceptual state. This paper presents a real time monitoring system for human emotions recognition using respiration inhale and exhale temperature patterns and ECG data, which is obtained by the sensors in real time interfaced with arduino. Our system is capable of evaluating three basic emotions (Happy, Sad, Fear) for adults and aged, using low cost and non-invasive physiological sensors. The sensors data is used by Neural Networks for training and classification of human emotions. To achieve automatic evaluation of the affective states of the human and to detect emotions; a novel system which integrates state of art hardware and software system is developed. The anatomical variables considered here actually have a very strong association with the changes in state of emotions with the subjects in our experiments as indicated by results. The experimental results shows the accuracy achieved approximately 75%, 71.87 and 70% for emotions happy, sad and fear in adults and 62.5%, 70% and 75% in aged people.

Numerical stress analysis while joining an electrical contact comprising of copper wire and copper sheet using ultrasonic metal welding process is vital in many of the automotive applications. During ultrasonic metal welding, shear and normal force act at the interface between the welded specimens. These forces are the result of ultrasonic vibrations transmitted by Sonotrode onto the welded specimens. In this work, the distribution of the stress developed at the interface and the correlation of the developed stress with strength of joint are studied. The theoretical stress values are determined using various levels of ultrasonic metal welding process parameters such as clamping force, vibration amplitude and weld time to validate the results of stress obtained from finite element analysis. The results of stress from numerical analysis are found to be in good agreement with that of results obtained from the theoretical calculations.

The objective of this paper is to understand the changing trends in populationcomposition in Japan and to understand the advantages of Artificial Intelligence.After examining the literature of Japan’s Total fertility rate and Demographicchange it clearly reveals future crisis that Japan Economy may face. Apart from theefforts of Japan Government policies to address population crisis, but it appears a very little impact to mitigate the decline in Total Fertility Rate. So there is a seriousthreat in terms of work force and it looks that greater attention should be given toartificial intelligence to bridge the gap between the total population and workingpopulation.

This study aimed to access the knowledge level of cabbage growers on recommended pesticide usage practices. It was carried out in two blocks of Krishnagiri district of Tamil Nadu. Krishnagiri district was selected based on maximum acreage under cabbage cultivation. Two blocks viz., Shoolagiri and Hosur were selected considering the area covered under cabbage. A sample of 120 cabbage growers was selected random selected for the study. A well structured interview schedule was used for data collection and collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tools. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the cabbage growers had medium to low level of knowledge on recommended pesticides usage.

Areca nut chewing habits are associated with several oral manifestations like leukoplakia, submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Although numerous evidence on areca toxicity is known but the mechanistic pathway of disease causation is to be studied. Aqueous areca nut extract treated A549 cells showed reduced cell viability by 48 h with IC(50) value of 0.50%. The toxic nature of areca nut induced the production of reactive oxygen species with decreased anti-oxidant glutathione S transferase levels lead to altered redox homeostasis. PCR studies showed decreased mRNA levels of Jun and Fos AP-1 subunits on extract treatment by 48 h. The protein levels of PCNA, CDK4, RB, p53, c-Jun and c-Fos were found to be downregulated with upregulated CDK inhibitor p21 on extract treatment as compared to control. Results of FACS analysis further confirm G(1)/S phase cell cycle arrest on areca nut extract exposure. The regulation of downstream AP-1 subunits by MAPKs was studied by using specific inhibitors of ERK, JNK and p38 along with areca nut extract. Results showed the redox activation of MAP kinases down regulated the mRNA levels of AP-1 subunits in aqueous areca nut extract treated cells. Hence the present study aids in elucidating the role of MAP kinases in regulating the AP-1 subunits and their implications on target genes that are involved regulation of various cellular processes. Further, it would help in understanding the mechanistic aspects of the diseased state which may facilitate in designing of new therapeutic modalities that could help in cancer management.

The geometric modeling of the cutting tools is an important aspect for the design and manufacturing engineers from the viewpoint of shape realization. The geometry of cutting tools surfaces based on two dimensional 2D projected geometry approach has certain limitations. This definition is also inadequate due to inaccuracy and non applicability of the model for further manipulation. To address these issues, an accurate three dimensional 3D surface based generic definition for a few families of custom engineered milling cutters has been developed. The proposed geometric definition of the customized cutter is developed in terms of biparametric surface patches using proposed 3D rotational angles rather than the conventional 2D angles. The non uniform rational B spline NURBS curve s and generation of sweep surfaces based on it are utilized for the shape generation of cutting elements of the generic cutters. This representation scheme enables tooth shapes to be controlled by manipulating control polygons and sweep trajectories and in the process varied tool geometries can be generated. Further, an interface is developed that converts the proposed 3D parametric definition of the cutter into an intermediate neutral CAD format. This helps in rendering the cutter model in any CAD modeling environment. R. R. Karthi | B. Tamilarasu | S. Mukesh | K. M. Naveen Kumar "Geometric Modeling, Design and Analysis of Custom-Engineered Milling Cutters" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd10986.pdf

Choriocarcinoma, a trophoblastic neoplasia, occurs in women as an incidence of abnormal pregnancy. BeWo choriocarcinoma cells derived from the abnormal placentation are a suitable model system to study the factors associated with differentiation, invasion and other cellular events as an alternative to clinical samples. Many protein kinases orchestrate the complex events of cell cycle and in case of malignancy such regulators are found to be mutated. In the present study, BeWo cells treated with forskolin (Fo) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) were used to study the role of PKA (protein kinase A) and PKC (protein kinase C), respectively, on the expression pattern of differentiation-related genes, membrane markers, PKC isoforms and cell cycle regulators. The effect of Fo and PMA on the cell proliferation was assessed. Progressive induction of alkaline phosphatase level and formation of multinucleated differentiated cells were observed in the cells treated with Fo. Exposure of cells to Fo and PMA induced the mRNA transcripts of α-hCG, β-hCG and endoglin and down-regulates E-cadherin at mRNA and protein levels. Synergistic levels of both up- and down-regulated genes/proteins were observed when cells were treated with the combination of Fo and PMA. The mRNA levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E1, p21, Rb, p53, caspase-3 and caspase-8 decreased gradually during differentiation. Fo significantly inhibited the protein levels of PCNA, Rb, PKC-α and PMA stimulated mRNA expression of PKC-e and PKC-δ. Further, failure in the activation of essential components of the cell cycle machinery caused G2/M phase arrest in differentiating BeWo cells.

Background: Foot ulcers are a common complication of diabetes and represent a major source of morbidity. Variation in the clinical presentation of this disease has resulted in the paucity of evidence to guide optimal clinical management. A validated scoring system might help the clinicians and researchers in everyday assessment and management of patients or the development and assessment of new therapies. Diabetic ulcer severity score (DUSS) is one of the latest wound based system of classification which needs to be validated. The objective of this study was to clinically validate diabetic ulcer severity score with patient outcome. Methods: 100 patients were prospectively assessed from October 2012 to March 2014 for four clinical parameters - palpable pedal pulses absence (score 1) or presence (score 0), probing to bone yes (score 1) or no (score 0). The site of ulcer- toe (score 0) or foot (score 1) ulcer. Multiple ulcers scored as 1, single ulcers scored as 0. The DUSS was calculated by adding these to a maximum of 4. Wounds were followed-up until healing or amputation .Kaplan-Meier analysis; Chi- Square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Analyses showed a significantly higher probability of healing for patients with palpable pulses, no probing to bone, toe ulcers, and single ulcer. A decreasing probability of healing for absent pedal pulses, probing to bone, foot ulcers and multiple ulcers with increasing amputation rates. Conclusions: Lower DUSS score was strongly associated with healing and higher score with amputation.

Apigenin is one of the plant flavonoids present in fruits and vegetables, acting as an important nutraceutical component. It is recognized as a potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory molecule. In the present study, the mechanism of anti-inflammatory action of apigenin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and activator protein-1 (AP-1) factors in human lung A549 cells was investigated. The anti-inflammatory activity of apigenin on LPS-induced inflammation was determined by analyzing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and different AP-1 factors. Apigenin significantly inhibited the LPS-induced expression of iNOS, COX-2, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α), and AP-1 proteins (c-Jun, c-Fos, and JunB) including nitric oxide production. Study confirms the anti-inflammatory effect of apigenin by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory mediators and AP-1 factors involved in the inflammation and its importance in the treatment of lung inflammatory diseases.

Acute and chronic alveolar or bronchial inflammation is thought to be central to the pathogenesis of many respiratory disorders. Cytokines and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factors (GM-CSF) play an important role in chronic inflammation. Activator protein-1 (AP-1) the superfamily of transcription factors is involved in proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and transformation including inflammation. Understanding the function and regulation of proinflammatory factors involved in inflammation may provide the novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Our aim of the present study is to investigate the pro-inflammatory cytokines and pattern of AP-1 factors expressed during activation of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells by Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and to understand the anti-inflammatory effect of apigenin. A549 cells were treated with and without PMA or apigenin, and the cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Expressions of inflammatory mediators and different AP-1 factors were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. IL-6 protein secreted was analyzed by ELISA, and expressions of IL-1β, c-Jun, and c-Fos proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. Activation of A549 cells by PMA, induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) mRNAs and secretion of IL-6 and the expression of specific AP-1 factors (c-Jun, c-Fos, and Fra-1). Treatment of cells with apigenin, significantly inhibited PMA-stimulated mRNA expression of above pro-inflammatory cytokines, AP-1 factors, cyclooxygenase-2, and secretion of IL-6 protein. Results suggested that the AP-1 factors may be involved in inflammation and apigenin has anti-inflammatory effect, which may be useful for therapeutic management of lung inflammatory diseases.

Context: Cheiloscopy and dactyloscopy, both are well-established forensic tools used in individual identification in any scenario be it a crime scene or civil cause. Like finger prints, lip prints are unique and distinguishable for every individual. But their relationship to personality types has not been established excepting the hypothesis stating that finger prints could explain these personality patterns. Aims: The study was aimed to record and correlate the lip and finger prints with that of character/personality of a person. Settings and Design: The lip and finger prints and character of a person were recorded and the data obtained was subjected for statistical analysis, especially for Pearson's Chi-square test and correlation/association between the groups was also studied. Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised of 200 subjects, 100 males and 100 females, aged between 18 and 30 years. For recording lip prints, brown/pink-colored lipstick was applied on the lips and the subjects were asked to spread uniformly over the lips. Lip prints were traced in the normal rest position on a plain white bond paper. For recording the finger prints, imprints of the fingers were taken on a plain white bond paper using ink pad. The collected prints were visualized using magnifying lens. To record the character of person, a pro forma manual for multivariable personality inventory by Dr. BC Muthayya was used. Statistical Analysis Used: Data obtained was subjected for statistical analysis, especially for Pearson's Chi-square test and correlation/association between the groups was also studied. Results: In males, predominant lip pattern recorded was Type I with whorls-type finger pattern and the character being ego ideal, pessimism, introvert, and dogmatic; whereas in females, predominant lip pattern recorded was Type II with loops-type finger pattern and the character being neurotic, need achievers, and dominant. Conclusion: Many studies on lip pattern, finger pattern, palatal rugae, etc., for individual identification and gender determination exist, but correlative studies are scanty. This is the first study done on correlating patterns, that is, lip and finger pattern with the character of a person. With this study we conclude that this correlation can be used as an adjunct in the investigatory process in forensic sciences.

Acoustic Echo Cancellation (AEC) is a signal processing method which ensures a pleasant duplex communication in hands free system by suppressing the echo signal. Acoustic Echo is a major stumbling factor in maintaining quality and intelligibility of speech signal. Poor quality of speaker and low cost amplifier in typical mobile equipment introduce the non-linearity in the acoustic echo signal. In general nonlinear filters are used in handling these kinds of disturbances however, linear class of filters are also investigated here to handle AEC. This paper reviews gradient based linear and non-linear algorithms namely NLMS, Variable step-size LMS and second order Volterra filter for Acoustic Echo Cancellation application considering Non-linearity in the signal.

A 20-year-old female presented with abdominal pain and loss of weight of 3 months duration, initially diagnosed as acid peptic disorder ultra sound examination revealed pancreatic mass and contrast-enhanced computed tomography abdomen confirmed distal pancreatic mass, which was excised and sent for histopathological examination, which revealed solid pseudopapillay tumor of pancreas. Solid pseudopapillary tumors most commonly occur in young women. Till recently the tumors are misclassified as nonfunctioning islet cell tumors or solid cystic tumor of pancreas or papillary cystadeno carcionoma. The tumors are well-encapsulated and cut surfaces show solid and hemorrhagic necrotic patterns. The neoplasms usually behave like a very low grade malignancy; hence complete surgical removal is treatment of choice.

Biosorption is the process of removal of any chemical molecules by the treatment of biological material. Industrialization resulted in the discharge of various toxic heavy metals into water bodies, which poses serious health hazards to humans and animals. In the present study, live Spirulina platensis was used as a biosorbent for the removal of the heavy metals chromium (Cr(VI)) and lead (Pb(II)) from the aqueous samples. S. platensis were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of heavy metals. The growth of the algal cells was found to be decreased by 59% and 36% in media containing 50 ppm Cr(VI) and Pb(II), respectively. To assess the biosorption of heavy metals, at different time intervals, the spent culture media were used to detect Cr(VI) by atomic absorption spectroscopy method and Pb(II) by 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol indicator method. Results suggested that there was a significant uptake of Cr(VI) and Pb(II) from the medium by S. platensis, with corresponding decrease of meta...

Significantly improved fracture resistance (in terms of fracture toughness) can be imparted to monolithic materials by adopting composite design methodology based on fiber and nano particulate reinforcement technology. The present work describes the fracture behaviour of one such reinforced material; in this case, carbon fiber (Cf)- and carbon nanotube (CNT)- reinforced epoxy composite. The Cf and CNT reinforced, epoxy-matrix hybrid composite in longitudinal and transverse orientations with varied finite notch root radii (in the range of 120–750 μm) are subjected to mode-I (tensile) fracture. The fracture toughness/resistance (KQ) of the material is then evaluated and analyzed by investigating the influence of varying notch root radii in longitudinal and transverse orientations. Such an analysis has revealed that the present unidirectional epoxy hybrid composite exhibits a critical notch root radius of 270 μm in longitudinal and 390 μm in transverse orientation.

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant way, although sporadic cases have been reported. This syndrome shows a high penetrance and variable expressivity and is a multisystemic process characterized by the presence of multiple pigmented basocellular carcinomas, keratocysts in the jaws, palmar and plantar pits and calcification of the falx cerebri. Together with these major features a great number of processes considered as minor features have also been described, such as numerous skeletal, dermatology related and neurological anomalies. Due to the importance of oral maxillofacial manifestations of this syndrome it is fundamental to know its characteristics in order to make a diagnosis and initiate an early preventive treatment. This paper reports the case of a 20-year-old male patient with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, emphasizing the clinical and radiographic manifestations. This case report highlights the importance of dental health professionals in the early diagnosis of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome and in a preventive multidisciplinary approach to provide a better prognosis for the patient.

Androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis plays a vital role in the development of prostate and critical in the progression of prostate cancer. Androgen withdrawal initially regresses tumors but eventually develops into aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Activator Protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factors are most likely to be associated with malignant transformation in prostate cancer. Hence, to determine the implication of AR and AP-1 in promoting the transition of prostate cancer to the androgen-independent state, we used AR-positive LNCaP and AR-negative PC-3 cells as an in vitro model system. The effect of dihydrotestosterone or anti-androgen bicalutamide on the cell proliferation and viability was assessed by MTT assay. Expression studies on AR, marker genes-PSA, TMPRSS2, and different AP-1 factors were analyzed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and expressions of AR and Fra-1 proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. Dihydrotestosterone induced the cell proliferation in LNCaP with no effect on PC-3 cells. Bicalutamide decreased the viability of both LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Dihydrotestosterone induced the expression of AR, PSA, c-Jun, and Fra-1 in LNCaP cells, and it was c-Jun and c-Fos in case of PC-3 cells, while bicalutamide decreased their expression. In addition, constitutive activation and non-regulation of Fra-1 by bicalutamide in PC-3 cells suggested that Fra-1, probably a key component, involved in transition of aggressive androgen-independent PC-3 cells with poor prognosis.

The purpose of this android application is to provide educational based Chatbot for visually impaired people. It will give an answer to the educational based queries asked by the visually impaired people. They can easily launch the application with the help of google voice search. Once the application is open, it will give a voice instruction to use an application. Output will be provided in voice form as well as in text form. So normal people can also use this application.

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the well-known highly toxic environmental and industrial pollutants. Cd first accumulates in the nucleus and later interacts with zinc finger proteins of antiapoptotic genes and inhibit the binding of transcriptional factors and transcription. However, the role of Cd in oxidative stress and apoptosis is less understood. Hence, the present study was undertaken to unveil the mechanism of action. A549 cells were treated with or without Cd and cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Treatment of cells with Cd shows reduced viability in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 of 45 μM concentration. Cd significantly induces the reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation followed by membrane damage with the leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Cells with continuous exposure of Cd deplete the antioxidant super oxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzymes. Further, analysis of the expression of genes involved in apoptosis show that both the extrinsic and i...

Automatic identification of emotions from text has been an interesting area of research in the recent times. With the exponentially growing number of online users, emotion identification of the text being read by the users can help in providing a comforting environment to the readers. In this paper, emotion classification is attempted on the news articles from the society channel of Sina. The proposed methodology comprises of data pre-processing followed by application of data mining on the pre-processed data. The data pre-processing step involves conversion of Chinese to English, removal of html tags, removal of stop words and stemming. The feature vector to be provided for data mining is then formulated through the identified root words and the dictionary of terms from the WordNet-Affect. Since the dimensionality of the feature vector thus formed is very high, feature selection procedure is adopted to attain the most significant features. Various classification algorithms were attempted on the reduced feature set to classify the emotions as positive, negative, mixed or neutral. Functional Trees with Bagging provided the best possible results achieving an accuracy of 88.41%.

Steroid hormones and their nuclear receptors play a major role in the development and progression of breast cancer. MCF-7 cells are triple-positive breast cancer cells expressing estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and glucocorticoid receptor (GR). However, interaction and their role in expression pattern of activator protein (AP-1) transcription factors (TFs) are not completely understood. Hence, in our study, MCF-7 cells were used as an in vitro model system to study the interplay between the receptors and hormones. MCF-7 cells were treated with estradiol-17β (E2), progesterone (P4), and dexamethasone (Dex), alone or in combination, to study the proliferation of cells and expression of AP-1 genes. MTT assay results show that E2 or P4 induced the cell proliferation by more than 35 %, and Dex decreased the proliferation by 26 %. E2 and P4 are found to increase ERα by more than twofold and c-Jun, c-Fos, and Fra-1 AP-1 TFs by more than 1.7-fold, while Dex shows opposite effect of E2- or P4-induced effect as well as effect on the expression of nuclear receptors and AP-1 factors. E2 antagonist Fulvestrant (ICI 182,780) found to reduce proliferation and E2-induced expression of AP1-TFs, while P4 or Dex antagonist Mifepristone (RU486) is found to block GR-mediated expression of NRs and AP-1 mRNAs. Results suggest that E2 and P4 act synergistically, and Dex acts as an antagonist of E2 and P4.

Asymmetric variations of the contralateral structures of the head and face occur commonly in the general population and are an accepted feature of morphogenesis. A gross asymmetry characterized by marked unilateral overdevelopment of hard and soft tissues of head and face is a rare congenital malformation and has been termed as hemifacial hypertrophy (HFH). The etiology is unknown, but several theories have been proposed including hormonal imbalances, diseases involving the neural system, vascular conditions, lymphatic abnormalities, mechanical influences and congenital syphilis. Generally, treatment is not indicated for HFH unless cosmetic considerations are involved. An 8 years old boy reported to the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology with the characteristic features of HFH. The case is presented to supplement existing clinical knowledge.

Ectodermal dysplasia is a hereditary disorder characterized by developmental dystrophies of ectodermal derivatives- It is characterized by triad of signs comprising sparse hair, abnormal or missing teeth and inability to sweat. This case of 12-year-old boy with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and complete anodontia of both primary and permanent dentition is presented. Owing to the need for treatment at an early age for anodontia and due to the ill-formed maxillary and mandibular residual ridges, the prosthetic management can be difficult. Complete dentures with soft liners and hollow maxillary denture were provided to encourage normal psychological development and to improve the function of the stomatognathic system.

The objective of this study is to produce hemp and glass fiber incorporated composites with epoxy resin polymer matrix and to determine the mechanical strengths like, impact strength, tensile strength and flexural strength of the different samples. The hemp and glass fibres reinforced composite material components and products plays a major role in the field of automobile and construction sectors. By using hand layup process the different composite samples are fabricated as per the ASTM standards and the specimens were tested with aid of UTM tensile testing machine and charpy impact energy testing machine. The experimental reading of tested samples indicates that the untreated hemp and glass fibres composite exhibit the excellent tensile and flexural strengths. From the tested samples the SEM analysis was carried out to study the morphological properties

We report on the magnetic and electrical properties of Pr0.6Sr0.4MnO3 single crystals. This compound undergoes a continuous paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition with a Curie temperature T C∼301 K and a first-order structural transition at T S∼64 K. At T S, the magnetic susceptibility exhibits an abrupt jump, and a corresponding small hump is seen in the resistivity. The critical behavior of the static magnetization and the temperature dependence of the resistivity are consistent with the behavior expected for a nearly isotropic ferromagnet with short-range exchange belonging to the Heisenberg universality class. The magnetization (M–H) curves below T S are anomalous in that the virgin curve lies outside the subsequent M–H loops. The hysteretic structural transition at T S as well as the irreversible magnetization processes below T S can be explained by phase separation between a high-temperature orthorhombic and a low-temperature monoclinic ferromagnetic phase.

Peristaltic pumps were normally used to pump liquids in several chemical and biological applications. In the present study, a peristaltic pump was used to pressurize the chamber (positive as well negative pressures) using atmospheric air. In the present paper, we discuss the development and performance study of an automatic pressurization system to calibrate low range (millibar) pressure sensors. The system includes a peristaltic pump, calibrated pressure sensor (master sensor), pressure chamber, and the control electronics. An in-house developed peristaltic pump was used to pressurize the chamber. A closed loop control system has been developed to detect and adjust the pressure leaks in the chamber. The complete system has been integrated into a portable product. The system performance has been studied for a step response and steady state errors. The system is portable, free from oil contaminants, and consumes less power compared to existing pressure calibration systems. The veracity of the system was verified by calibrating an unknown diaphragm based pressure sensor and the results obtained were satisfactory. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

Background: There have been many attempts to find less painful surgical methods for treating haemorrhoids. Harmonic scalpel is a device that simultaneously cuts and coagulates soft tissues through ultrasonic vibrations. The aim of this study was to compare the results of Harmonic scalpel hemorrhoidectomy with conventional Milligan Morgan hemorrhoidectomy for the treatment of grade III and IV hemorrhoids.Methods: Patients with grade III or IV hemorrhoids, operated between January 2016 and December 2016, using the harmonic scalpel (n=30) or the conventional open technique (n=30) were studied. Both the groups were compared with respect to Operative time, Blood loss during surgery, early postoperative complications, postoperative pain measured on a visual analog scale (VAS), hospital stay, and return to normal work.Results: Harmonic scalpel and conventional open haemorrhoidectomy patients differ significantly in terms of VAS score of postoperative pain, blood loss during surgery, early post-operative complications, return to normal work. However, there is no significant difference in terms of duration of surgery and hospital stay in both the groups.Conclusions: Harmonic scalpel haemorrhoidectomy has been found advantageous method when assessing the amount of bleeding intraoperatively, post-operative pain, early postoperative complications, and Return to normal work. Hence Harmonic scalpel haemorrhoidectomy can be adapted as a safe and effective alternate method for treating symptomatic haemorrhoids.

Electronic equipment can be subjected to a wide range of vibratory loads which is nowhere more evident than in the ones employed in satellites. The mechanical enclosures and the sensitive electronic sub-assemblies have to be designed to survive the launch loads with high reliability and to endure the harsh space environment in orbit throughout the intended mission life of a satellite. The design and analysis of such a sensitve sub-assembly, the shunt switch module incorporating Hybrid Micro Circuits — HMCs used in power distribution package of satellites, by finite element method is presented. The modeling and numerical simulations are carried out using UG NX 7.5 to evaluate the design. The natural frequency of card (640.1 Hz) and assembly (452.0 Hz) comply with general stiffness. The stress values under static and random loading are nominal for PCB and base module. There is a very good margin of safety (MOS) over allowable strength of PCB and base module material. The results of static, modal and random analyses validate the adequacy of design.