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Supplemental Material for Designing A Valid and Reliable AAC App Evaluation Tool: Differences Between Team and Novice Raters by Miriam C. Boesch, M. Alexandra Da Fonte, Melissa J. Cavagnini, Kaitlyn R. Shaw, Keren E. Deneny, and Margaret F. Davis in Journal of Special Education Technology

As the number of introduced species keeps increasing unabatedly, identifying and prioritising current and potential Invasive Alien Species (IAS) has become essential to manage them. Horizon Scanning (HS), defined as an exploration of potential threats, is considered a fundamental component of IAS management. By combining scientific knowledge on taxa with expert opinion, we identified the most relevant aquatic IAS in the Iberian Peninsula, i.e., those with the greatest geographic extent (or probability of introduction), severe ecological, economic and human health impacts, greatest difficulty and acceptability of management. We highlighted the 126 most relevant IAS already present in Iberian inland waters (i.e., Concern list) and 89 with a high probability of being introduced in the near future (i.e., Alert list), of which 24 and 10 IAS, respectively, were considered as a management priority after receiving the highest scores in the expert assessment (i.e., top-ranked IAS). In both lists, aquatic IAS belonging to the four thematic groups (plants, freshwater invertebrates, estuarine invertebrates, and vertebrates) were identified as having been introduced through various pathways from different regions of the world and classified according to their main functional feeding groups. Also, the latest update of the list of IAS of Union concern pursuant to Regulation (EU) No 1143/2014 includes only 12 top-ranked IAS identified for the Iberian Peninsula, while the national lists incorporate the vast majority of them. This fact underlines the great importance of taxa prioritisation exercises at biogeographical scales as a step prior to risk analyses and their inclusion in national lists. This HS provides a robust assessment and a cost-effective strategy for decision-makers and stakeholders to prioritise the use of limited resources for IAS prevention and management. Although applied at a transnational level in a European biodiversity hotspot, this approach is designed for potential application at any geographical or administrative scale, including the continental one., This research was supported by the LIFE INVASAQUA project (Aquatic In- vasive Alien Species of Freshwater and Estuarine Systems: Awareness and Prevention in the Iberian Peninsula) (LIFE17 GIE/ES/000515) funded by the EU LIFE Program. The Fundación Biodiversidad (Government of Spain) and the Government of Navarre financially support specific actions into the LIFE INVASAQUA. F.R. is supported by Foundation for Science and Technology through an individual contract (CEEC/0482/2020). J.E. has a Ph.D. scholarship (SFRH/BD/140556/2018) funded by FCT, Portugal. F.B. is supported by Foundation for Science and Technology through an individual contract (CEEC/01896/2021).

Anxiety sensitivity (AS) is a transdiagnostic risk factor and potential treatment target for prevention of associated psychopathology and negative health behaviors. We conducted a meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy of brief interventions in at-risk samples for reducing AS and associated clinical/behavioral outcomes (e.g., depression, alcohol use) across 28 studies (1,998 participants). AS targeted interventions, compared to control conditions, evidenced a significant moderate effect size for alleviating AS from pre- to post-treatment (d = 0.54) and approached a large effect size from pre-treatment to short-term follow-up (d = 0.78). The effect size for long-term follow-up did not reach significance (d = 0.29). For clinical/behavioral outcomes, AS interventions demonstrated significant small-to-moderate effect sizes for the three timepoints examined (d’s = 0.20-0.41). Our findings help validate AS as a modifiable mechanistic target for prevention efforts.

Environmental and outdoor educators acknowledge the importance of connecting young people to nature, yet current education systems functions within frameworks that need to enhance such connection. This paper adds to the growing literature on the way outdoor learning spaces can be used and valued as part of learning practices to promote young students’ connection to nature. These are increasingly relevant topics due to phenomena of nature deficit disorder (Louv, 2005) and plant awareness disparity (Hiatt et al., 2021), which challenge education systems to overcome them. This study is focused on outdoor learning initiatives about tree collections of Pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] and Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). It follows the Action Research method that involves the actions developed, their analysis and discussion. With a sample of 130 students, aged between 15 and 17, the initiatives to visit tree collections prove to be beneficial in favoring the connection of young people to nature, enriching school curricula and students’ knowledge about plant biodiversity. Pre-tests results evidenced existing students’ knowledge gaps about these non-native trees. Pecans were less known for most of students (unknown for 83 %) than pistacia (unknown for 61%).

The identification of structural alterations of silver alloy objects of cultural interest is essential to assess their state of conservation and define maintenance programmes. Alterations induced by previous repair and cleaning actions strongly affect the conservation condition, influencing the type and extension of conservation procedures. The detailed analysis of ancient repairs is a subject to be investigated. In this work, we show the potentialities of scanning electron microscopy in the characterisation of structural repairs and their influence on the conservation state of silver objects. The study of distinct silver objects dated to the 16th and 18th centuries allowed us to show, among others, the non-intentional dealloying of copper due to the use of acid solutions in surface cleanings and cracks resulting from incorrect handling. The data collected by microscopic examination contributed to the definition of preservation and maintenance methodologies applied to those silver objects. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The occurrence of scyphozoan blooms is frequently reported in coastal areas, suggesting a need to assess its impacts on trophic webs. However, many scyphozoan species remain understudied with regard to their feeding ecology. Here, feeding selectivity experiments were conducted to learn about the possible prey preference of Catostylus tagi among mesozooplankton prey and estimate feeding rates. In general, C. tagi demonstrated a relative positive selection on small prey as cyclopoid copepods (Oithona spp. and Oncaea spp.), copepod nauplii as well as non-swimming prey (fish eggs), and ingestion rates increased with prey concentration. Further in situ studies must be conducted during summer blooms, to determine the predatory impact, retrieving data of C. tagi and prey abundance, particularly in important nursery areas such as estuaries.

Posttraumatic stress disorder can be viewed as a disorder of fear dysregulation. An abundance of research suggests that the prefrontal cortex is central to fear processing—that is, how fears are acquired and strategies to regulate or diminish fear responses. The current review covers foundational research on threat or fear acquisition and extinction in nonhuman animals, healthy humans, and patients with posttraumatic stress disorder, through the lens of the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in these processes. Research harnessing advances in technology to further probe the role of the prefrontal cortex in these processes, such as the use of optogenetics in rodents and brain stimulation in humans, will be highlighted, as well other fear regulation approaches that are relevant to the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder and involve the prefrontal cortex, namely cognitive regulation and avoidance/active coping. Despite the large body of translational research, many questions remain unanswered and posttraumatic stress disorder remains difficult to treat. We conclude by outlining future research directions related to the role of the prefrontal cortex in fear processing and implications for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder.

A previously undescribed small lenticular (~5 × 5 × 5 m) pegmatite, located near Wellington Lake in the NW part of the 1.08 Ga ‘A-type’ (anorogenic) ferroan Pikes Peak granite batholith, ~15 km SW of the South Platte pegmatite district in central Colorado, is concentrically zoned around a mostly monomineralic quartz core with interconnected miarolitic cavities. Major constituents of the Wellington Lake pegmatite are quartz, perthitic microcline, albite (variety cleavelandite), hematite, and biotite. Accessory minerals include fluocerite, bastnäsite, columbite, zircon (var. ‘cyrtolite’), thorite, and secondary U phases. Fluorite is conspicuously absent, although it is a common phase in the South Platte district NYF-type pegmatites, which are rich in niobium (Nb), yttrium (Y), fluorine (F), and heavy rare-earth elements (HREE). Notable for the Wellington Lake pegmatite are a small quantity of well-developed tabular crystals of fluocerite that reach up to 4 cm in diameter, with sub-mm epitaxial bastnäsite overgrowths, suggesting formation from F- and CO2-bearing solutions rich in light rare-earth elements (LREE), with decreasing a(F-)/a(CO32-) during the last crystallization phase. An Nd-isotope value of εNd1.08Ga = -1.6 for the fluocerite is within the range of εNd1.08Ga = -0.2 to -2.7 of the host coarse-grained, pink K-series Pikes Peak Granite (PPG), indicating that REE and other pegmatite constituents derived from the parental PPG magma. A calculation of total pegmatite composition based on whole-rock chemistry and volume estimates of the different pegmatite zones reveals an overall composition similar to the PPG with respect to Si, Al, Na, and K. Yet the pegmatite is depleted in Fe, Mg, Ca, Ti, Mn, and P, the high-field-strength elements (HFSE; Zr, Hf, Nb, Y, Th), and, most significantly, total REE compared to the PPG. Despite containing the LREE minerals fluocerite and bastnäsite, the lack of a net overall REE enrichment of the pegmatite compared to the PPG reflects the large amount of REE-poor silicate minerals forming the wall, intermediate, and core zones of the pegmatite. The calculated total pegmatite composition suggests that the pegmatite formed by the separation from the PPG magma of an F-poor H2O-saturated silicate melt depleted in REE and HFSE compared to the F-rich melts, which formed the NYF-type HREE-rich (LaN/YbN < 1) pegmatites in the South Platte district. Homogenization temperatures of < 500°C for possibly primary fluid inclusions in large quartz crystals from the core of the Wellington Lake pegmatite are consistent with recent models of pegmatite petrogenesis leading to nucleation controlled mega-crystal growth resulting from supercooling.

Environmental and outdoor educators acknowledge the importance of connecting young people to nature, yet current education systems functions within frameworks that need to enhance such connection. This paper adds to the growing literature on the way outdoor learning spaces can be used and valued as part of learning practices to promote young students’ connection to nature. These are increasingly relevant topics due to phenomena of nature deficit disorder (Louv, 2005) and plant awareness disparity (Hiatt et al., 2021), which challenge education systems to overcome them. This study is focused on outdoor learning initiatives about tree collections of Pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] and Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) and combines elements of qualitative and quantitative research approaches, within Mixed Methods Research (Johnson et al., 2007). It is discussed the value of visits to tree collections as a strategy to enhance young students’ connection to nature and enrich school curricula., Los educadores ambientales reconocen la importancia de conectar a los jóvenes con la naturaleza, mientras que los sistemas educativos actuales operan dentro de marcos que necesitan mejorar esa conexión. Este artículo contribuye a la creciente literatura sobre cómo se pueden utilizar y valorar los espacios al aire libre como parte de las prácticas de aprendizaje para promover la conexión de los jóvenes con la naturaleza. Estos son temas de creciente relevancia debido a los fenómenos del trastorno deficitario de la naturaleza (Louv, 2005) y la disparidad de conocimientos sobre las plantas (Hiatt et al., 2021), que desafían a los sistemas educativos a superarlos. Este estudio se centra en iniciativas de aprendizaje al aire libre sobre colecciones de árboles de nuez pecana [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] y pistacho (Pistacia vera L.) y combina elementos de enfoques de investigación cualitativos y cuantitativos de acuerdo con los métodos de investigación mixtos (Johnson et al., 2007). Se discute el valor de las visitas a las colecciones de árboles como estrategia para incrementar la conexión de los jóvenes con la naturaleza y enriquecer los planes de estudio escolares., Les éducateurs en environnement reconnaissent l'importance de connecter les jeunes à la nature, même si les systèmes éducatifs d'aujourd'hui fonctionnent dans des cadres qui doivent améliorer cette connexion. Cet article contribue à la littérature croissante sur la façon dont les espaces extérieurs peuvent être utilisés et valorisés dans le cadre de pratiques d'apprentissage pour promouvoir le lien des jeunes avec la nature. Ce sont des sujets de plus en plus pertinents en raison des phénomènes de trouble déficitaire de la nature (Louv, 2005) et de la disparité des connaissances sur les plantes (Hiatt et al., 2021), qui interpellent les systèmes éducatifs pour les surmonter. Cette étude se concentre sur les initiatives d'apprentissage en plein air sur les collections d'arbres de noix de pécan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] et de pistachier (Pistacia vera L.) et combine des éléments d'approches de recherche qualitatives et quantitatives selon les méthodes d'enquête mixtes (Johnson et al., 2007). La valeur des visites de collections d'arbres en tant que stratégie pour accroître le lien des jeunes avec la nature et enrichir les programmes scolaires est discutée., Os educadores ambientais reconhecem a importância de aproximar os jovens à natureza, embora os sistemas educacionais atuais operem dentro de estruturas que precisam de melhorar essa ligação. Este artigo contribui para a crescente literatura sobre a forma como os espaços ao ar livre podem ser usados e valorizados como parte de práticas de aprendizagem para promover a ligação dos jovens à natureza. Estes são tópicos cada vez mais relevantes devido a fenómenos de transtorno de déficit da natureza (Louv, 2005) e disparidade de conhecimento sobre as plantas (Hiatt et al., 2021), que desafiam os sistemas de educação a superá-los. Este estudo descreve iniciativas de aprendizagem ao ar livre sobre coleções de árvores de Pecan [Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] e Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) e combina elementos de abordagens de investigação qualitativa e quantitativa, segundo a Investigação de Métodos Mistos (Johnson et al., 2007). É discutido o valor das visitas a coleções de árvores como uma estratégia para aumentar a ligação dos jovens à natureza e enriquecer os currículos escolares.

DNA damage induced by environmental, occupational, and chemotherapeutic compounds lead to a variety of cellular responses that are potentially impacted by the proliferation status of the cell. Using small molecule inhibitors of various DNA doublestrand break (DSB) repair pathways in non-replicating, quiescent human cells exposed to UVB radiation, we unexpectedly observed a major role for the recombination protein Rad51 in promoting cell survival. In contrast to a previous report indicating a requirement for nucleotide excision repair (NER) in DSB formation after UV exposure in quiescent cells, we observed DSB formation and Rad51 function to be independent of NER. Moreover, our analyses of DNA damage response kinase signaling in quiescent cells identified protein substrates that were either dependent or independent of both NER and apoptotic signaling. Finally, we observed that Rad51 inhibition sensitized nonreplicating quiescent cells to diverse genotoxic stressors, including those inducing DNA- RNA hybrids and inhibiting transcription. Thus, these findings clarify the mechanisms by which DSBs arise in non-replicating cells and highlight the important role of Rad51 in promoting quiescent cell survival in response to general genotoxic stress.Summary statementDNA double strand breaks are generated independent of nucleotide excision repair in UV-irradiated quiescent cells and require the recombination protein Rad51 to promote cell survival.

One objective of this study was to determine overall prevalence of Salmonella in ground pork from U.S. retail stores over three seasons including both case-ready and store-ground packages. Package ...

The development and function of tissues, blood, and the immune system is dependent upon proximity for cellular recognition and communication. However, the detection of cell-to-cell contacts is limited due to a lack of reversible, quantitative probes that can function at these dynamic sites of irregular geometry. Described here is a novel chemo-genetic tool developed for fluorescent detection of protein–protein proximity and cell apposition that utilizes the Fluorogen Activating Protein (FAP) in combination with a Dye Activated by Proximal Anchoring (DAPA). The FAP–DAPA system has two protein components, the HaloTag and FAP, expressed on separate protein targets or in separate cells. The proteins function to bind and activate a compound that has the hexyl chloride (HexCl) ligand connected to malachite green (MG), the FAP fluorogen, via a poly(ethylene glycol) spacer spanning up to 28 nm. The dehalogenase protein, HaloTag, covalently binds the HexCl ligand, locally concentrating the attached MG. If the FAP is within range of the anchored fluorogen, it will bind and activate MG specifically when the bath concentration is too low to saturate the FAP receptor. A new FAP variant was isolated with a 1000-fold reduced K(D) of ~10–100 nM so that the fluorogen activation reports proximity without artificially enhancing it. The system was characterized using purified FRB and FKBP fusion proteins and showed a doubling of fluorescence upon rapamycin induced complex formation. In cocultured HEK293 cells (HaloTag and FAP-expressing) fluorescence increased at contact sites across a broad range of labeling conditions, more reliably providing contact-specific fluorescence activation with the lower-affinity FAP variant. When combined with suitable targeting and expression constructs, this labeling system may offer significant improvements in on-demand detection of intercellular contacts, potentially applicable in neurological and immunological synapse measurements and other transient, dynamic biological appositions that can be perturbed using other labeling methods that stabilize these interactions.

Olivella minuta is an abundant neogastropod on sandy beaches from Texas (USA) to southern Brazil. This study aimed to characterize and compare the feeding activity and diet of a Brazilian population of O. minuta in different tidal zones (intertidal and subtidal), and different tidal levels (high and low tides), with three combinations of tidal zone and level being studied (intertidal during low tide, intertidal during high tide and subtidal). The results showed that diet composition was generally similar among tidal conditions, with O. minuta being a generalist, feeding on 45 different food items. Feeding activity, however, was higher in the intertidal during low tide, whereas the richness and diversity of food items were higher in the intertidal during high tide. The higher feeding activity of O. minuta during low tide may be linked to a lower risk of predation; at low tide organisms may be able to feed for a longer time, and this may be particularly true on beaches with fine sand, where water retention is higher than that on beaches with coarse sand. The higher diversity of food items consumed in the intertidal during high tide is likely related to the increased prevalence of planktonic food during high tide. Our results indicate that tidal zone and level may strongly influence the feeding activity of coastal soft-bottom species and that species may show higher feeding activity during low tide. Given the current loss of intertidal habitats due to anthropogenic activity and climate-change associated factors, our study has important implications, highlighting the importance of intertidal areas for the ecology and conservation of sandy beach species.

Resumen del trabajo presentado en VI Congreso Nacional sobre Especies Exóticas Invasoras y I Congreso Ibérico sobre EEI (EEI 2022) celebrado en Navarra del 20 al 23 de abril de 2022., One of the objectives of LIFE INVASQUA project is to develop tools that will be more efficient the Early Warning and Rapid Response (EWRR) framework for Invasive Alien Species in the Iberian Peninsula. Horizon scanning for high-risk IAS is basic in implementing measures to reduce new invasions, developing Alert lists, and to focus effort in the species already established, for instance making a Black list. We developed a trans national horizon scanning exercise focused on inland waters of Spain and Portugal in order to provide a prioritized lists (Black list and Alert list) of aquatic IAS that may pose a threat to aquatic ecosystems and socio economic sectors in the future. We followed a step approach of existing information about IAS (Plants, Freshwater Invertebrates, Estuarine Invertebrates and Vertebrates; 127 established taxa in Black list; 90 non established taxa in Alert list) combining with an expert scoring of prioritized taxa. IAS established in the Iberian aquatic system consistently highlighted as the worst included vertebrates (e.g. Cyprinus carpio, Gambusia holbrooki, Silurus glanis), freshwater and estuarine invertebrates (e.g. Procambarus clarkii, Dreissena polymorpha, Pacifastacus leniusculus, Ficopomatus enigmaticus, Callinectes sapidus, Corbicula fluminea) and plants (e.g. Eichhornia crassipes, Azolla filiculoides, Ludwigia grandiflora). Amongst taxa not yet established (Alert list), expert pointed to Perna viridis, Hydroides dirampha, Dreissena bugensis, Procambarus fallax f. virginallis, Perccottus glenii with higher risk of invasion, ecological and socioeconomic impacts. Over 20.6% of the taxa in the preliminary black list received no votes (no prioritization) by experts, 17.8% in the innitial alert list. Our horizon scanning approach is inclusive of all-taxa, prioritizes both established and emerging biological threats across trans-national scales, and considers not only the ecological impact, but also potential direct economic consequences as well as the manageability of invasive species., This work received funds from the LIFE Programme (LIFE17 GIE/ES/000515).