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101. IMPROVEMENTS IN THE CR-39 POLYMER FOR THE MACRO EXPERIMENT AT THE GRAN SASSO LABORATORY

Author: D. Solie, F.J. Ronga, E. Iarocci, D. Levin, B. Pal, C. Gustavino, L. Miller, Edward Diehl, C. R. Bower, J. Petrakis, N. Giglietto, P. Chrysicopoulou, P. Campana, E. Lamanna, N. D. Pignatano, Gianfranca De Rosa, Eugenio Nappi, C. De Marzo, G.P. Sini, A. Surdo, Paolo Lipari, R.M. Heinz, S. Petrera, L. Ramello, M. J. Longo, R. Steinberg, L. Patrizii, G. Mandrioli, Roberto Bellotti, J. A. Musser, A. Marzari-Chiesa, S. Mulfson, J. Steele, Marco Monteno, J. L. Stone, C. Bloise, D. Ficenec, L. Satta, Andrea Carlo Marini, V. Bisi, P. Pistilli, P. Bernardini, G.L. Sanzani, G. de Cataldo, G. Battistoni, A. Marin, C. Smith, C.G. Babarino, J. T. Hong, E. Erriquez, A. Castelvetri, A. A. Grillo, Maurizio Spurio, Massimo Pasquale, P. Matteuzzi, R. C. Webb, C. E. Lane, S. Klein, M. Calicchio, Halina Bilokon, M. Grassi, F. Cafagna, A. Margiotta-Neri, O. Palamara, P. Spinelli, P. Serra Lugaresi, S. Cecchini, E.M. De Vincenzi, Steven Ahlen, F. Predieri, C. Favuzzi, P. Green, E. Hazen, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, M. Spinetti, Fabrizio Cei, M. Ambrosio, G. Martellotti, V. Valente, F. Guarino, G. Liu, G. Mancarella, G. Giannini, J. Reynoldson, R. Pazzi, A. Reale, L. R. Sulak, J. Peck, Robert A. Cormack, C. Forti, Massimo Masera, Paolo Giubellino, M. Severi, G. Giacomelli, W. A. Worstell, G. Osteria, S. Coutu, V. Togo, V. Chiarella, P. Monacelli, C. Satriano, G. Auriemma, Gregory Tarle, C. Bemporad, Eugenio Scapparone, Vincenzo Patera, A. Sciubba, A. Baldini, B. C. Barish, Ahlen, Sp, Ambrosio, M, Auriemma, G, Babarino, Cg, Baldini, A, Barish, B, Battistoni, G, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bisi, V, Bloise, C, Bower, C, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, P, Castelvetri, A, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Chrysicopoulou, P, Cormack, R, Coutu, S, Decataldo, G, Demarzo, C, Devincenzi, Em, Diehl, E, Erriquez, E, Favuzzi, C, Ficenec, D, Forti, C, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Giubellino, P, Grassi, M, Green, P, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Gustavino, C, Hazen, E, Heinz, R, Hong, Jt, Iarocci, E, Klein, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, D, Lipari, P, Liu, G, Longo, M, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Margiottaneri, A, Marin, A, Marini, A, Martellotti, G, Masera, M, Matteuzzi, P, Miller, L, Monacelli, P, Monteno, M, Mulfson, S, Musser, J, Nappi, E, Osteria, G, Pal, B, Palamara, O, Pasquale, M, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, C, Petrakis, J, Petrera, S, Pignatano, N, Pistilli, P, Predieri, F, Ramello, L, Reale, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Rosa, G, Sanzani, Gl, Satriano, C, Satta, L, Scapparone, E, Sciubba, A, Lugaresi, P, Severi, M, Sini, Gp, Smith, C, Solie, D, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steele, J, Steinberg, R, Stone, Jl, Sulak, Lr, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Togo, V, Valente, V, Webb, R, Worstell, W, Marzarichiesa, A., S. P., Ahlen, M., Ambrosio, G., Auriemma, C. G., Babarino, A., Baldini, B., Barish, G., Battistoni, R., Bellotti, C., Bemporad, P., Bernardini, H., Bilokon, V., Bisi, C., Bloise, C., Bower, S., Bussino, F., Cafagna, M., Calicchio, P., Campana, A., Castelvetri, S., Cecchini, F., Cei, V., Chiarella, P., Chrysicopoulou, R., Cormack, S., Coutu, G., Decataldo, C., Demarzo, E. M., Devincenzi, E., Diehl, E., Erriquez, C., Favuzzi, D., Ficenec, C., Forti, G., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, N., Giglietto, P., Giubellino, M., Grassi, P., Green, A., Grillo, F., Guarino, C., Gustavino, E., Hazen, R., Heinz, J. T., Hong, E., Iarocci, S., Klein, E., Lamanna, C., Lane, D., Levin, P., Lipari, G., Liu, M., Longo, Mancarella, Giovanni, G., Mandrioli, A., Margiottaneri, A., Marin, A., Marini, G., Martellotti, M., Masera, P., Matteuzzi, L., Miller, P., Monacelli, M., Monteno, S., Mulfson, J., Musser, E., Nappi, G., Osteria, B., Pal, O., Palamara, M., Pasquale, V., Patera, L., Patrizii, R., Pazzi, C., Peck, J., Petraki, S., Petrera, N., Pignatano, P., Pistilli, F., Predieri, L., Ramello, A., Reale, J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, G., Rosa, G. L., Sanzani, C., Satriano, L., Satta, E., Scapparone, A., Sciubba, P. S., Lugaresi, M., Severi, G. P., Sini, C., Smith, D., Solie, P., Spinelli, M., Spinetti, M., Spurio, J., Steele, R., Steinberg, J. L., Stone, L. R., Sulak, A., Surdo, G., Tarle, V., Togo, V., Valente, R., Webb, W., Worstell, A., Marzarichiesa, Barbarino, Giancarlo, G., De Cataldo, C., De Marzo, E. M., De Vincenzi, Guarino, Fausto, G., Mancarella, A., Margiotta Neri, J., Peck, and P., Serra Lugaresi
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Physics, Reproducibility, High energy, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Large area detector, track-etch detector, MACRO, CR39, General Medicine, Polymer, Nuclear physics, chemistry, Calibration, Macro
Abstract: We discuss the preparation of different samples of the CR39 polymer and a number of tests performed with high energy heavy ions. The quality and reproducibility of the manufactured CR39 is discussed as well as the implications for a large area detector (MACRO) used for a search for cosmic magnetic monopoles.

102. Relevance of the hadronic interaction model in the interpretation of multiple muon data as detected with the MACRO experiment

Author: G. de Cataldo, F.J. Ronga, L. Gray, G. Tarle, Armando Rastelli, G. Giannini, N. Giglietto, R. Antolini, F. Cafagna, C. W. Peck, Donato Nicolo, A. Margiotta Neri, R.M. Heinz, M. Sioli, M. Grassi, E. Iarocci, I. De Mitri, C. Orth, M. J. Longo, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, P. Serra-Lugaresi, P. Spinelli, C. R. Bower, D. G. Michael, C. Mazzotta, M. Calicchio, Halina Bilokon, Carla Aramo, Kael Hanson, Roberto Bellotti, D. Martello, M. Severi, F. Maaroufi, Vincenzo Patera, Marco Monteno, L. R. Sulak, C. De Marzo, L. De Benedictis, U. Rubizzo, V. Chiarella, A. Sciubba, M. Spinetti, J. L. Stone, A. Baldini, Paolo Lipari, Erik Katsavounidis, S. Cecchini, S. L. Mufson, M. De Vincenzi, B. C. Barish, J. A. Musser, M. N. Mazziotta, R. Steinberg, M. Carboni, O. Palamara, C. Favuzzi, L. Satta, A. Di Credico, A. Sanzgiri, O. Erriquez, Giuseppe Osteria, D. Campana, S. Kyriazopoulou, P. Monacelli, C. Forti, A. A. Grillo, A. Surdo, V. Popa, L. Patrizii, G. Giacomelli, Shahid Manzoor, C. Bloise, R. C. Webb, P. Fusco, C. Satriano, G. Auriemma, Andrea Carlo Marini, G. Mandrioli, Mario Sitta, F. Guarino, P. Bernardini, S P Mikheyev, C. Gustavino, Marcello Castellano, G. C. Barbarino, P. Pistilli, C. W. Walter, R. Pazzi, A. Rainò, V. Bisi, G. Battistoni, C. Bemporad, S. Coutu, Eugenio Scapparone, H. Dekhissi, Maurizio Spurio, G. Mancarella, R. Nolty, J. Reynoldson, Teresa Montaruli, P. Guarnaccia, Fabrizio Cei, S. Petrera, Np Longley, A. Hawthorne, M. Ambrosio, C. E. Lane, Kate Scholberg, L. Miller, D. Levin, Alec Habig, V. Togo, C. Okada, E. Kearns, A. Marzari-Chiesa, E. Lamanna, M., Ambrosio, R., Antolini, C., Aramo, G., Auriemma, A., Baldini, Barbarino, Giancarlo, B. C., Barish, G., Battistoni, R., Bellotti, C., Bemporad, P., Bernardini, H., Bilokon, V., Bisi, C., Bloise, C., Bower, S., Bussino, F., Cafagna, M., Calicchio, D., Campana, M., Carboni, M., Castellano, S., Cecchini, F., Cei, V., Chiarella, S., Coutu, L., De Benedicti, G., De Cataldo, H., Dekhissi, C., De Marzo, I., De Mitri, M., De Vincenzi, A., Di Credico, O., Erriquez, C., Favuzzi, C., Forti, P., Fusco, G., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, N., Giglietto, M., Grassi, L., Gray, A., Grillo, Guarino, Fausto, P., Guarnaccia, C., Gustavino, A., Habig, K., Hanson, A., Hawthorne, R., Heinz, E., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidi, E., Kearn, S., Kyriazopoulou, E., Lamanna, C., Lane, D. S., Levin, P., Lipari, N. P., Longley, M. J., Longo, F., Maaroufi, G., Mancarella, G., Mandrioli, S., Manzoor, A., Margiotta Neri, A., Marini, D., Martello, A., Marzari Chiesa, M. N., Mazziotta, C., Mazzotta, D. G., Michael, S., Mikheyev, L., Miller, P., Monacelli, T., Montaruli, M., Monteno, S., Mufson, J., Musser, D., Nicoló, R., Nolty, C., Okada, C., Orth, G., Osteria, O., Palamara, V., Patera, L., Patrizii, R., Pazzi, C. W., Peck, S., Petrera, P., Pistilli, V., Popa, A., Rainó, A., Rastelli, J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, U., Rubizzo, A., Sanzgiri, C., Satriano, L., Satta, E., Scapparone, K., Scholberg, A., Sciubba, P., Serra Lugaresi, M., Severi, M., Sioli, M., Sitta, P., Spinelli, M., Spinetti, M., Spurio, R., Steinberg, J. L., Stone, L. R., Sulak, A., Surdo, G., Tarlé, V., Togo, C. W., Walter, R., Webb, G. C., Barbarino, DE MITRI, Ivan, F., Guarino, Mancarella, Giovanni, and Martello, Daniele
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Hadron, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Interaction model, Relevance (information retrieval), Macro, Nuclear Experiment, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Interpretation (model theory)
Abstract: With the aim of discussing the effect of the possible sources of systematic uncertainties in simulation models, the analysis of multiple muon events from the MACRO experiment at Gran Sasso is reviewed. In particular, the predictions from different currently available hadronic interaction models are compared.

103. Muon astronomy with the MACRO detector

Author: V. Chiarella, G. Mandrioli, B. B. Bam, R. Pazzi, P. Monacelli, A. Marin, Maurizio Spurio, A. Surdo, M. De Vincenzi, S. Coutu, J. L. Stone, L. Satta, A. Di Credico, D. G. Michael, C. Satriano, G. Auriemma, S. Cecchini, S. Kyriazopoulou, F. Predieri, C. Favuzzi, Pierluigi Campana, M. J. Longo, P. Serra Lugaresi, S. L. Nutter, V. Bisi, G. Tarle, C. W. Walter, Steven Ahlen, Paolo Giubellino, P. Spinelli, M. Severi, E. Kearns, A. A. Grillo, R. C. Webb, G. C. Barbarino, Roberto Bellotti, A. Marzari Chiesa, L. Patrizii, S. Klein, C. Okada, V. Valente, F.J. Ronga, D. Martello, G. Mancarella, J. Reynoldson, Edward Diehl, Paolo Lipari, Eugenio Scapparone, G. DeCataldo, Mario Sitta, C. Gustavino, J. Petrakis, Giuseppe Osteria, V. Togo, S. Parlati, M. Ambrosio, R. Steinberg, F. Cafagna, Pio Pistilli, Erik Katsavounidis, C. Bemporad, S. L. Mufson, Lawrence Sulak, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, P. Matteuzzi, P. Green, A. Corona, A. Margiotta-Neri, D. Levin, R.M. Heinz, Gianfranca De Rosa, Fabrizio Cei, C. Chiera, G. R. Verdone, E. Lamanna, O. Palamara, C. W. Peck, L. Ramello, M. Grassi, N. D. Pignatano, D. Ficenec, Kate Scholberg, O. Erriquez, A. Cobis, P. Bernardini, E. Iarocci, F. Guarino, J. A. Musser, R. Liu, M. Calicchio, G. Battistoni, M. Spinetti, Halina Bilokon, G. Liu, J. T. Hong, J. L. Miller, C. E. Lane, Alec Habig, Barry C. Barish, H. Dekhissi, C. Forti, Massimo Masera, G. Giacomelli, Marco Monteno, C. Bloise, P. Fusco, W. A. Worstell, S. Petrera, Andrea Carlo Marini, C. Lee, N. Giglietto, L. Foti, G. Martellotti, D. Campana, Robert A. Cormack, C. DeMarzo, M. Carboni, G. Giannini, Vincenzo Patera, R. Antolini, A. Sciubba, A. Baldini, J. Steele, G. Ludlam, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Guarino, Fausto, Ahlen, S, Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Auriemma, G, Baldini, A, Bam, B, Barbarino, G, Barish, B, Battistoni, G, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bisi, V, Bloise, C, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, P, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Chiera, C, Cobis, A, Cormack, R, Corona, A, Coutu, S, Decataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, Demarzo, C, Devincenzi, M, Dicredico, A, Diehl, E, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Ficenec, D, Forti, C, Foti, L, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Giubellino, P, Grassi, M, Green, P, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Heinz, R, Hong, J, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Kearns, E, Klein, S, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Lee, C, Levin, D, Lipari, P, Liu, G, Liu, R, Longo, M, Ludlam, G, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Margiottaneri, A, Marin, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Martellotti, G, Chiesa, Am, Masera, M, Matteuzzi, P, Michael, D, Miller, Jl, Monacelli, P, Monteno, M, Mufson, Sl, Musser, J, Nutter, S, Okada, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Parlati, S, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, C, Petrakis, J, Petrera, S, Pignatano, N, Pistilli, P, Predieri, F, Ramello, L, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Rosa, G, Satriano, C, Satta, L, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Lugaresi, P, Severi, M, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steele, J, Steinberg, R, Stone, J, Sulak, L, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Togo, V, Valente, V, Verdone, G, Walter, C, Webb, R, Worstell, W., Ahlen S., Ambrosio M., Antolini R., Auriemma G., Baldini A., Bam B., Barbarino G., Barish B., Battistoni G., Bellotti R., Bemporad C., Bernardini P., Bilokon H., Bisi V., Bloise C., Bussino S., Cafagna F., Calicchio M., Campana P., Campana D., Carboni M., Cecchini S., Cei F., Chiarella V., Chiera C., Cobis A., Cormack R., Corona A., Coutu S., DeCataldo G., Dekhissi H., DeMarzo C., De Vincenzi M., Di Credico A., Diehl E., Erriquez O., Favuzzi C., Ficenec D., Forti C., Foti L., Fusco P., Giacomelli G., Giannini G., Giglietto N., Giubellino P., Grassi M., Green P., Grillo A., Guarino F., Gustavino C., Habig A., Heinz R., Hong J., Iarocci E., Katsavounidis E., Kearns E., Klein S., Kyriazopoulou S., Lamanna E., Lane C., Lee C., Levin D., Lipari P., Liu G., Liu R., Longo M., Ludlam G., Mancarella G., Mandrioli G., Margiotta-Neri A., Marin A., Marini A., Martello D., Martellotti G., Marzari Chiesa A., Masera M., Matteuzzi P., Michael D., Miller J.L., Monacelli P., Monteno M., Mufson S.L., Musser J., Nutter S., Okada C., Osteria G., Palamara O., Parlati S., Patera V., Patrizii L., Pazzi R., Peck C., Petrakis J., Petrera S., Pignatano N., Pistilli P., Predieri F., Ramello L., Reynoldson J., et al, S., Ahlen, M., Ambrosio, R., Antolini, G., Auriemma, A., Baldini, B., Bam, G., Barbarino, B., Barish, G., Battistoni, R., Bellotti, C., Bemporad, P., Bernardini, H., Bilokon, V., Bisi, C., Bloise, S., Bussino, F., Cafagna, M., Calicchio, P., Campana, D., Campana, M., Carboni, S., Cecchini, F., Cei, V., Chiarella, C., Chiera, A., Cobi, R., Cormack, A., Corona, S., Coutu, G., Decataldo, H., Dekhissi, C., Demarzo, M., de Vincenzi, A., di Credico, E., Diehl, O., Erriquez, C., Favuzzi, D., Ficenec, C., Forti, L., Foti, P., Fusco, G., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, N., Giglietto, P., Giubellino, M., Grassi, P., Green, A., Grillo, F., Guarino, C., Gustavino, A., Habig, R., Heinz, J., Hong, E., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidi, E., Kearn, S., Klein, S., Kyriazopoulou, E., Lamanna, C., Lane, C., Lee, D., Levin, P., Lipari, G., Liu, R., Liu, M., Longo, G., Ludlam, Mancarella, Giovanni, G., Mandrioli, A., Margiotta Neri, A., Marin, A., Marini, Martello, Daniele, G., Martellotti, A., Marzari Chiesa, M., Masera, P., Matteuzzi, D., Michael, J. L., Miller, P., Monacelli, M., Monteno, S. L., Mufson, J., Musser, S., Nutter, C., Okada, G., Osteria, O., Palamara, S., Parlati, V., Patera, L., Patrizii, R., Pazzi, C., Peck, J., Petraki, S., Petrera, N., Pignatano, P., Pistilli, F., Predieri, L., Ramello, J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, G., Rosa, C., Satriano, L., Satta, E., Scapparone, K., Scholberg, A., Sciubba, P., Serra Lugaresi, M., Severi, M., Sitta, P., Spinelli, M., Spinetti, M., Spurio, J., Steele, R., Steinberg, J., Stone, L., Sulak, A., Surdo, G., Tarle, V., Togo, V., Valente, G., Verdone, C., Walter, R., Webb, W., Worstell, and The MACRO, Collaboration
Subjects: Physics, Muon, Elementary Particles, Gamma Rays, Observations, Detector, Solid angle, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Gamma rays: observations, Declination, Elementary particle, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, Gamma Rays, Space and Planetary Science, Nuclear astrophysics, Observations, Lepton
Abstract: We have analyzed a sample of 1.8 x 10(6) muons with E(mu) greater-than-or-similar-to 1.3 TeV collected by the first and second supermodules of the MACRO detector at Gran Sasso during the period 1989 February to 1991 February. We have searched for an excess of muons of celestial origin over cosmic-ray background. Our search for steady sources in solid angle bins of DELTAOMEGA almost-equal-to 3.0-degrees x 3.0-degrees in the declination range -5-degrees less-than-or-equal-to delta less-than-or-equal-to 90-degrees was negative; the upper limit with 95% C.L. to the muon flux at mid-latitudes (delta approximately 45-degrees) is J(mu)steady less-than-or-similar-to 2 x 10(-12) cm-2 s-1. In addition, we have searched for muon excesses modulated by the orbital period of selected X-ray sources, including Cyg X-3, Cyg X-1, Her X-1, 4U 0115+63, and 4U 1907+09. For Cyg X-3 we obtained an upper limit with 95% C.L. of J(mu)mod less-than-or-equal-to 8.8 x 10(-13) cm-2 s-1. Further, we have no evidence of any bursting activity from Cyg X-3, during our search period, which includes the radio outburst of 1991 January.

104. Magnetic monopole search with the MACRO detector at Gran Sasso

Author: G. Giannini, Erik Katsavounidis, L. Miller, D. Levin, N. Giglietto, S. L. Mufson, R. Baker, L. Patrizii, A. Hawthorne, G. Mandrioli, A. Sanzgiri, F. Sartogo, N. D. Pignatano, M. Spinetti, V. Chiarella, Giuseppe Osteria, R. Pazzi, S. Parlati, J. L. Stone, F. Guarino, F.J. Ronga, Roberto Bellotti, C. W. Walter, Vincenzo Patera, Pio Pistilli, Lawrence Sulak, G. Liu, C. Bemporad, Maximiliano Sioli, V. Bisi, R. Steinberg, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, A. Sciubba, A. Baldini, Maurizio Spurio, M. Goretti, P. Monacelli, A. A. Grillo, A. Marzari-Chiesa, C. Orth, Marco Monteno, E. Lamanna, E. Kearns, R. Antolini, M. Calicchio, G. Mancarella, C. Bloise, M. Ambrosio, Halina Bilokon, F. Cafagna, P. Fusco, G. de Cataldo, Mario Sitta, C. Gustavino, A. Margiotta Neri, G. C. Barbarino, M. Carboni, A. Corona, J. Reynoldson, Teresa Montaruli, D. G. Michael, S. Petrera, Andrea Carlo Marini, S. Cecchini, C. Okada, I. De Mitri, Np Longley, C. Favuzzi, Eugenio Scapparone, G. Ludlam, J. T. Hong, E. Iarocci, C. R. Bower, C. E. Lane, G. Battistoni, Alec Habig, M. De Vincenzi, A. Surdo, C. W. Peck, R.M. Heinz, C. Satriano, G. Auriemma, Gregory Tarle, M. N. Mazziotta, C. De Marzo, R. Nolty, O. Erriquez, P. Guarnaccia, A. Rainò, M. J. Longo, P. Green, Paolo Lipari, D. Martello, J. A. Musser, V. Popa, S. Coutu, O. Palamara, D. Nicoló, A. Di Credico, V. Togo, S. Kyriazopoulou, V. Valente, R. Fantini, R. C. Webb, P. F. Spada, Fabrizio Cei, Lindsey Gray, T. Bosio, M. Grassi, P. Serra-Lugaresi, P. Spinelli, Kael Hanson, C. Forti, G. Giacomelli, Kate Scholberg, P. Bernardini, R. Liu, Barry C. Barish, S P Mikheyev, H. Dekhissi, Marcello Castellano, U. Rubizzo, L. Satta, D. Campana, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Guarino, Fausto, M., Ambrosio, R., Antolini, G., Auriemma, R., Baker, A., Baldini, G. C., Barbarino, B. C., Barish, G., Battistoni, R., Bellotti, C., Bemporad, P., Bernardini, H., Bilokon, V., Bisi, C., Bloise, T., Bosio, C., Bower, S., Bussino, F., Cafagna, M., Calicchio, D., Campana, M., Carboni, M., Castellano, S., Cecchini, F., Cei, V., Chiarella, A., Corona, S., Coutu, G., De Cataldo, H., Dekhissi, C., De Marzo, DE MITRI, Ivan, M., De Vincenzi, A., Di Credico, O., Erriquez, R., Fantini, C., Favuzzi, C., Forti, P., Fusco, G., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, N., Giglietto, M., Goretti, M., Grassi, L., Gray, P., Green, A., Grillo, F., Guarino, P., Guarnaccia, C., Gustavino, A., Habig, K., Hanson, A., Hawthorne, R., Heinz, J. T., Hong, E., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidi, E., Kearn, S., Kyriazopoulou, E., Lamanna, C., Lane, D. S., Levin, P., Lipari, G., Liu, R., Liu, N. P., Longley, M. J., Longo, G., Ludlam, Mancarella, Giovanni, G., Mandrioli, A., Margiotta Neri, A., Marini, Martello, Daniele, A., Marzari Chiesa, M. N., Mazziotta, D. G., Michael, S., Mikheyev, L., Miller, P., Monacelli, T., Montaruli, M., Monteno, S., Mufson, J., Musser, D., Nicoló, R., Nolty, C., Okada, C., Orth, G., Osteria, O., Palamara, S., Parlati, V., Patera, L., Patrizii, R., Pazzi, C. W., Peck, S., Petrera, N. D., Pignatano, P., Pistilli, P., Popa, A., Rainó, J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, U., Rubizzo, A., Sanzgiri, F., Sartogo, C., Satriano, L., Satta, E., Scapparone, K., Scholberg, A., Sciubba, P., Serra Lugaresi, M., Sioli, M., Sitta, P. F., Spada, P., Spinelli, M., Spinetti, M., Spurio, R., Steinberg, J. L., Stone, L. R., Sulak, A., Surdo, G., Tarlé, V., Togo, V., Valente, C. W., Walter, R., Webb, Ambrosio M., Antolini R., Auriemma G., Baker R., Baldini A., Barbarino G.C., Barish B.C., Battistoni G., Bellotti R., Bemporad C., Bernardini P., Bilokon H., Bisi V., Bloise C., Bosio T., Bower C., Bussino S., Cafagna F., Calicchio M., Campana D., Carboni M., Castellano M., Cecchini S., Cei F., Chiarella V., Corona A., Coutu S., de Cataldo G., Dekhissi H., de Marzo C., de Mitri I., de Vincenzi M., di Credico A., Erriquez O., Fantini R., Favuzzi C., Forti C., Fusco P., Giacomelli G., Giannini G., Giglietto N., Goretti M., Grassi M., Gray L., Green P., Grillo A., Guarino F., Guarnaccia P., Gustavino C., Habig A., Hanson K., Hawthorne A., Heinz R., Hong J.T., Iarocci E., Katsavounidis E., Kearns E., Kyriazopoulou S., Lamanna E., Lane C., Levin D.S., Lipari P., Liu G., Liu R., Longley N.P., Longo M.J., Ludlam G., Mancarella G., Mandrioli G., Margiotta Neri A., Marini A., Martello D., Marzari-Chiesa A., Mazziotta M.N., Michael D.G., Mikheyev S., Miller L., Monacelli P., Montaruli T., Monteno M., Mufson S., Musser J., Nicolo D., Nolty R., Okada C., Orth C., Osteria G., Palamara O., Parlati S., Patera V., Patrizii L., Pazzi R., Peck C.W., Petrera S., Pignatano N.D., Pistilli P., Popa V., Raino A., Reynoldson J., Ronga F., Rubizzo U., Sanzgiri A., Sartogo F., Satriano C., Satta L., Scapparone E., Scholberg K., Sciubba A., Serra-Lugaresi P., Sioli M., Sitta M., Spada P.F., Spinelli P., Spinetti M., Spurio M., Steinberg R., Stone J.L., Sulak L.R., Surdo A., Tarle G., Togo V., Valente V., Walter C.W., Webb R., Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Auriemma, G, Baker, R, Baldini, A, Barbarino, Gc, Barish, Bc, Battistoni, G, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bisi, V, Bloise, C, Bosio, T, Bower, C, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Castellano, M, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Corona, A, Coutu, S, Decataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, Demarzo, C, Demitri, I, Devincenzi, M, Dicredico, A, Erriquez, O, Fantini, R, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Goretti, M, Grassi, M, Gray, L, Green, P, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Guarnaccia, P, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Hawthorne, A, Heinz, R, Hong, Jt, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Kearns, E, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, D, Lipari, P, Liu, G, Liu, R, Longley, Np, Longo, Mj, Ludlam, G, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Neri, Am, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzarichiesa, A, Mazziotta, Mn, Michael, Dg, Mikheyev, S, Miller, L, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Okada, C, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Parlati, S, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, Cw, Petrera, S, Pignatano, Nd, Pistilli, P, Popa, V, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Rubizzo, U, Sanzgiri, A, Sartogo, F, Satriano, C, Satta, L, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Serralugaresi, P, Sioli, M, Sitta, M, Spada, Pf, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, Jl, Sulak, Lr, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Togo, V, Valente, V, Walter, Cw, and Webb, R.
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Range (particle radiation), Detector, Magnetic monopole, Flux, Cosmic ray, MACRO, Radiation, Macro, Gran Sasso
Abstract: In this letter we present the results of the search for massive magnetic monopoles in the penetrating cosmic ray radiation using the various subdetectors of the MACRO apparatus, during the period 1989-1995. Flux limits are given for the beta = v/c range 4 x 10(-5) < beta < 1; for 10(-4) < beta < 10(-1) the limits are below the Parker bound, similar to 10(-15) cm(-2)s(-1)sr(-1). (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

105. Real time supernova neutrino burst detection with MACRO

Author: F. Maaroufi, V. Chiarella, A. Di Credico, R. Baker, S. Kyriazopoulou, P. Monacelli, R. C. Webb, C. W. Peck, V. Bisi, L. Miller, D. Levin, L. Patrizii, G. Battistoni, C. Bemporad, M. Spinetti, S. Coutu, D. Campana, R. Nolty, G. Mandrioli, C. Mazzotta, P. Guarnaccia, P. Pistilli, C. Bloise, P. Fusco, Lindsey Gray, Paolo Lipari, L. De Benedictis, S. Petrera, Andrea Carlo Marini, Maximiliano Sioli, Vincenzo Patera, F. Cafagna, A. Margiotta Neri, V. Valente, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, Fabrizio Cei, V. Togo, Erik Katsavounidis, D. G. Michael, J. L. Stone, F. Guarino, R. Pazzi, E. Lamanna, G. C. Barbarino, G. Ludlam, C. Forti, E. Kearns, Np Longley, G. Giacomelli, I. De Mitri, A. A. Grillo, C. R. Bower, A. Sciubba, A. Baldini, S. L. Mufson, Maurizio Spurio, M. Grassi, M. N. Mazziotta, C. E. Lane, Eugenio Scapparone, R. Steinberg, C. Orth, C. De Marzo, O. Palamara, S. Cecchini, P. Serra-Lugaresi, J. A. Musser, E. Iarocci, S P Mikheyev, Marcello Castellano, A. Sanzgiri, C. Favuzzi, Alec Habig, Mario Sitta, C. Gustavino, J. T. Hong, P. Spinelli, M. Severi, Kael Hanson, R.M. Heinz, M. De Vincenzi, M. J. Longo, C. Okada, C. Satriano, G. Auriemma, D. Martello, O. Erriquez, Roberto Bellotti, M. Calicchio, Halina Bilokon, P. Celio, A. Hawthorne, M. Ambrosio, Giuseppe Osteria, S. Parlati, M. Carboni, Shahid Manzoor, A. Surdo, C. W. Walter, G. Mancarella, J. Reynoldson, Teresa Montaruli, L. Satta, L. R. Sulak, D. Nicoló, F.J. Ronga, A. Corona, Gregory Tarle, G. Giannini, N. Giglietto, R. Antolini, G. de Cataldo, A. Rainò, V. Popa, A. Marzari-Chiesa, Kate Scholberg, Marco Monteno, P. Bernardini, R. Liu, U. Rubizzo, Barry C. Barish, H. Dekhissi, M., Ambrosio, R., Antolini, G., Auriemma, R., Baker, A., Baldini, G. C., Barbarino, B. C., Barish, G., Battistoni, R., Bellotti, C., Bemporad, Bernardini, Paolo, H., Bilokon, V., Bisi, C., Bloise, C., Bower, S., Bussino, D., Campana, M., Carboni, M., Castellano, S., Cecchini, F., Cei, P., Celio, V., Chiarella, A., Corona, S., Coutu, L. D., Benedicti, G. D., Cataldo, H., Dekhissi, C. D., Marzo, DE MITRI, Ivan, M. D., Vincenzi, A. D., Credico, O., Erriquez, C., Favuzzi, L., Gray, A., Grillo, F., Guarino, P., Guarnaccia, C., Gustavino, A., Habig, K., Hanson, A., Hawthorne, R., Heinz, J. T., Hong, E., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidi, E., Kearn, S., Kyriazopoulou, E., Lamanna, C., Lane, D. S., Levin, P., Lipari, R., Liu, N. P., Longley, M. J., Longo, G., Ludlam, F., Maaroufi, Mancarella, Giovanni, G., Mandrioli, S., Manzoor, A. M., Neri, A., Marini, Martello, Daniele, A., Marzari Chiesa, M. N., Mazziotta, C., Mazzotta, D. G., Michael, S., Mikheyev, L., Miller, P., Monacelli, T., Montaruli, M., Monteno, S., Mufson, J., Musser, D., Nicolo, R., Nolty, C., Okada, C., Orth, G., Osteria, O., Palamara, S., Parlati, V., Patera, L., Patrizii, R., Pazzi, C. W., Peck, S., Petrera, P., Pistilli, V., Popa, A., Raino, J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, U., Rubizzo, A., Sanzgiri, C., Satriano, L., Satta, E., Scapparone, K., Scholberg, A., Sciubba, P., Serra Lugaresi, M., Severi, M., Sioli, M., Sitta, P., Spinelli, M., Spinetti, M., Spurio, R., Steinberg, J. L., Stone, L. R., Sulak, A., Surdo, G., Tarle, V., Togo, V., Valente, C. W., Walter, R., Webb, Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Auriemma, G, Baker, R, Baldini, A, Barbarino, Gc, Barish, Bc, Battistoni, G, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bisi, V, Bloise, C, Bower, C, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Castellano, M, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Celio, P, Chiarella, V, Corona, A, Coutu, S, De Benedictis, L, De Cataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, De Marzo, C, De Mitri, I, De Vincenzi, M, Di Credico, A, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Gray, L, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Guarnaccia, P, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Hawthorne, A, Heinz, R, Hong, Jt, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Kearns, E, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, D, Lipari, P, Liu, R, Longley, Np, Longo, Mj, Ludlam, G, Maaroufi, F, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Manzoor, S, Neri, Am, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzari Chiesa, A, Mazziotta, Mn, Mazzotta, C, Michael, Dg, Mikheyev, S, Miller, L, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Okada, C, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Parlati, S, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, Cw, Petrera, S, Pistilli, P, Popa, V, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Rubizzo, U, Sanzgiri, A, Satriano, C, Satta, L, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Serra Lugaresi, P, Severi, M, Sioli, M, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, Jl, Sulak, Lr, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Togo, V, Valente, V, Walter, Cw, Webb, R., Ambrosio M., Antolini R., Auriemma G., Baker R., Baldini A., Barbarino G.C., Barish B.C., Battistoni G., Bellotti R., Bemporad C., Bernardini P., Bilokon H., Bisi V., Bloise C., Bower C., Bussino S., Cafagna F., Calicchio M., Campana D., Carboni M., Castellano M., Cecchini S., Cei F., Celio P., Chiarella V., Corona A., Coutu S., de Benedictis L., de Cataldo G., Dekhissi H., de Marzo C., de Mitri I., de Vincenzi M., di Credico A., Erriquez O., Favuzzi C., Forti C., Fusco P., Giacomelli G., Giannini G., Giglietto N., Grassi M., Gray L., Grillo A., Guarino F., Guarnaccia P., Gustavino C., Habig A., Hanson K., Hawthorne A., Heinz R., Hong J.T., Iarocci E., Katsavounidis E., Kearns E., Kyriazopoulou S., Lamanna E., Lane C., Levin D.S., Lipari P., Liu R., Longley N.P., Longo M.J., Ludlam G., Maaroufi F., Mancarella G., Mandrioli G., Manzoor S., Margiotta Neri A., Marini A., Martello D., Marzari-Chiesa A., Mazziotta M.N., Mazzotta C., Michael D.G., Mikheyev S., Miller L., Monacelli P., Montaruli T., Monteno M., Mufson S., Musser J., Nicolo D., Nolty R., Okada C., Orth C., Osteria G., Palamara O., Parlati S., Patera V., Patrizii L., Pazzi R., Peck C.W., Petrera S., Pistilli P., Popa V., Raino A., Reynoldson J., Ronga F., Rubizzo U., Sanzgiri A., Satriano C., Satta L., Scapparone E., Scholberg K., Sciubba A., Serra-Lugaresi P., Severi M., Sioli M., Sitta M., Spinelli P., Spinetti M., Spurio M., Steinberg R., Stone J.L., Sulak L.R., Surdo A., Tarle G., Togo V., Valente V., Walter C.W., Webb R., Barbarino, Giancarlo, Guarino, Fausto, P., Bernardini, F., Cafagna, M., Calicchio, L., De Benedicti, G., De Cataldo, C., De Marzo, M., De Vincenzi, A., Di Credico, C., Forti, P., Fusco, G., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, N., Giglietto, M., Grassi, A., Margiotta Neri, D., Nicoló, A., Rainó, and G., Tarlé
Subjects: Physics, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Supernova, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astronomy, Stellar gravitational collapse, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Solar neutrino problem, Galaxy, Neutrino detector, Gravitational collapse, galaxy, stellar gravitational collapse, Measurements of neutrino speed, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: The MACRO experiment has been running as a supernova neutrino detector since 1989 and is sensitive to the whole galaxy since the beginning of 1992. A galactic supernova would produce some hundreds of events in the detector, We describe our stellar gravitational collapse online monitors and alarm system, and present the results of a search for neutrino bursts from supernovae during a period of 1.5 yr. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

106. A study of the EMC effect using neutrino and antineutrino interactions in neon and deuterium

Author: A. Vayaki, W. Wittek, Phillip Allport, R. Cirio, H. Wachsmuth, B. Saitta, E. Simopoulou, F. Bobisut, V. Brisson, M. Neveu, Mikael Berggren, D. R. O. Morrison, E. F. Clayton, D. B. Miller, T. Coghen, A. G. Frodesen, P. Petiau, G. Gerbier, P. Kasper, A. M. Rossi, P. O. Hulth, O. Erriquez, C. Vallée, W. Venus, Jean Sacton, Alessandra Romero, K. Varvell, Norbert Schmitz, G. W. Van Apeldoorn, A. Tenner, N. Armenise, R. P. Middleton, M. Calicchio, G. Mandrioli, A. Baldini, F. W. Bullock, P. Capiluppi, A. Marzari-Chiesa, H. Klein, M. A. Parker, P. J. Fitch, J. Guy, Daniel Vignaud, G. Giacomelli, B. Jongejans, G. T. Jones, D. Bertrand, C. Angelini, A. Sansum, N. van Eijndhoven, Amanda Cooper-Sarkar, M. M. Mobayyen, Steve O'Neale, A. Sconza, Pierre Marage, and M. L. Faccini-Turluer
Subjects: Quark, Physics, Particle physics, Valence (chemistry), Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), EMC effect, chemistry.chemical_element, Nuclear physics, Neon, chemistry, Deuterium, Physique des particules élémentaires, Neutrino, Nucleon, Engineering (miscellaneous), Charged current, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Nearly 40000 neutrino and antineutrino interactions in BEBC are compared to measure the differences between neon and deuterium in the quark and antiquark distributions and in the nucleon structure functions. The ratio of Ne to D cross sections indicates some decrease between x∼0.2 and x∼0.6. The y distributions show there is no significant increase in the neon sea, but prefer a small decrease. Taken altogether, the x and y distributions and the measured total cross-sections indicate some change in the shape of the valence distributions. No significant dependence on A is observed for either the shape of the sea or the ratio of longitudinal to transverse cross-sections. © 1987 Springer-Verlag., 0, 52 auteurs, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 1986

107. Coherent production of π+ mesons in ν-neon interactions

Author: G. T. Jones, Amanda Cooper-Sarkar, T. Coghen, A. Vayaki, W. Wittek, D. R. O. Morrison, W. Burkot, W. Venus, K. Varvell, R. A. Sansum, P. P. Allport, Pierre Marage, M. A. Parker, J. P. Baton, Jean Sacton, J. Guy, E. Simopoulou, E. Matsinos, O. Erriquez, N. Armenise, H. Wachsmuth, N. Schmitz, M. Neveu, P. O. Hulth, M. Calicchio, and Mikael Berggren
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Muon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Meson, High Energy Physics::Lattice, Hadron, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, chemistry.chemical_element, Nuclear physics, Neon, Pion, Isotopes of neon, chemistry, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Lepton
Abstract: The coherent production of π+ mesons by charged current neutrino interactions on neon nuclei in BEBC is compared to the predictions of the PCAC hypothesis and the meson dominance model. Good agreement is observed. © 1989 Springer-Verlag.
Published: 1989

108. Observations of shadowing of neutrino and antineutrino - nucleus interactions and comparison with PCAC predictions

Author: T. Coghen, B. Saitta, O. Erriquez, A. Vayaki, W. Wittek, D. R. O. Morrison, Amanda Cooper-Sarkar, G. W. Van Apeldoorn, R. A. Sansum, Marc Neveu, Mikael Berggren, P. P. Allport, G. T. Jones, M. Aderholz, S. W. O'Neale, M. Calicchio, E. Simopoulou, N. Schmitz, J. Guy, M. M. Mobayyen, D. Radojicic, F. W. Bullock, H. Wachsmuth, W. Venus, K. Varvell, M. A. Parker, and Pierre Marage
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Nuclear Theory, Propagator, chemistry.chemical_element, Nuclear physics, Neon, Cross section (physics), medicine.anatomical_structure, Deuterium, chemistry, medicine, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Physics::Atomic Physics, Neutrino, Nuclear Experiment, Nucleon, Nucleus, Charged current, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Comparing the kinematical distributions of events obtained on neon and deuterium targets in similar experimental conditions reveals a reduction of the neutrino and antineutrino charged current cross section per nucleon in neon at low Q 2 . The effect, interpreted as due to geometric shadowing of the weak propagator in interactions of neutrinos and antineutrinos with nuclei, agrees well with predictions derived from PCAC.
Published: 1989

109. Dilepton and Trilepton Production by Antineutrinos and Neutrinos in Neon

Author: P. O. Hulth, Norbert Schmitz, E. F. Clayton, Amanda Cooper-Sarkar, H. Wachsmuth, J. Guy, M. Neveu, D. Bertrand, M. Lagraa, O. Erriquez, J. H. Bartley, N. Armenise, H. Klein, R. P. Middleton, C. Vallée, P. J. Fitch, S. Leighton-Davis, M. A. Parker, E. Zevgolatakos, C. Kochowski, M. M. Mobayyen, R. A. Sansum, A. Vayaki, W. Wittek, Jean Sacton, Salvatore Nuzzo, G. T. Jones, E. Simopoulou, Jon-Paul R. Wells, M. Talebzadeh, P. Kasper, W. Venus, R. Belusevic, M. Calicchio, V. Brisson, D. R. O. Morrison, T. Coghen, J. P. Baton, G. Gerbier, D. Brou, F. W. Bullock, M. Aderholz, P. Petiau, K. Varvell, D. B. Miller, Pierre Marage, and Steve O'Neale
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Particle physics, Neon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), chemistry, Physique des particules élémentaires, chemistry.chemical_element, Neutrino, Engineering (miscellaneous), Charged current, Particle Physics - Experiment, Standard Model
Abstract: A sample of over 25,000 fully measured neutrino and antineutrino charged current interactions in BEBC includes 192 dilepton candidates. The prompt signal after subtraction of background is 41 ±7μ+e-, 35±7μ+μ- events from {Mathematical expression} interactions, and 32±7μ-μ+ events from ν interactions. There are 2 trileptons, μ-μ-e+ and μ-μ-μ+. Results are compared with other experimental data and with the standard model. Limits to prompt like sign μ+e+, μ+μ+ and μ-μ- signals are given and compared with other experiments and with theoretical calculations. © 1985 Springer-Verlag., 47 auteurs, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 1985

110. An attempt to observe directly beauty particles in nuclear emulsions

Author: O. Yamakawa, D.C. Imrie, R. Arnold, Y. Maeda, M. Barth, D.H. Davis, F. Ruggieri, G. Schorochoff, N. Ushida, I. Tezuka, F.F. Heymann, D.G. Davis, O. Erriquez, K. Niu, J. K. Downes, A. Montwill, A.C. Breslin, Shigeki Tasaka, R. Roosen, A. O'Connor, Salvatore Nuzzo, Motoaki Miyanishi, S. Natali, I. G. Roberts, G. Rosa, P. Musset, Y. Tsuneoka, Francesco Romano, M. Calicchio, H. Shibuya, I. Gjerpe, D. Bertrand, Jean Sacton, Alessandra Romero, A. Manfredini, P. Lavopa, L. Di Ciaccio, Gilbert Poulard, Mitsuhiro Nakamura, G. Romano, S. Di Liberto, M. Ohashi, M. J. Esten, P. T. Trent, D. Gamba, K. Niwa, J. P. Albanese, L. Riccati, N. Armenise, H. Sletten, G.J. Lush, Y. Isokane, N. Yanagisawa, D.N. Tovee, M. Hazama, D. Allasia, V. Bisi, M. J. Price, G. Baroni, B.G. Duff, L. Ramello, A. Marzari-Chiesa, G. Bertrand-Coremans, F. Sebastiani, C. Matteuzzi, F.R. Stannard, Giorgio Maggi, J. H. Wickens, S. Petrera, M. Coupland, Franco Meddi, K. Hoshino, R. Santonico, F. Piuz, Yoshihiro Sato, M. T. Muciaccia, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NA19, and Heyd, Yvette
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Muon, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, media_common.quotation_subject, Direct observation, Engineering physics, nuclear emulsions, Nuclear physics, beauty particles, cern sps, Cascade, Beauty, Physique des particules élémentaires, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Experiment, media_common
Abstract: An attempt at the direct observation of the cascade decay of beauty particles, produced by π- of 350 GeV/c leading to 3 muons or 4 muons in the final state, has been made in an emulsion/counter hybrid experiment at CERN. Under the assumption that the lifetime of beauty particles is of the order of 10-13s the non-observation of any candidates provides an upper limit for beauty production of ∼90 nb at the 90% confidence level., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 1983

111. Coherent single pion production by antineutrino charged current interactions and test of pcac

Author: M. M. Mobayyen, C. Vallée, M. Calicchio, A. Vayaki, W. Wittek, P. Petiau, R. A. Sansum, E. F. Clayton, Mikael Berggren, Amanda Cooper-Sarkar, G. T. Jones, J. Guy, V. Brisson, P. J. Fitch, S. Natali, K. Varvell, Jean Sacton, D. R. O. Morrison, N. Armenise, W. Venus, D. B. Miller, F. Hamisi, D. Bertrand, P. O. Hulth, Jon-Paul R. Wells, H. Klein, H. Wachsmuth, M. A. Parker, R. P. Middleton, M. Neveu, W. Burkot, O. Erriquez, J. P. Baton, M. Aderholz, P. Kasper, F. W. Bullock, Pierre Marage, P. P. Allport, Steve O'Neale, E. Simopoulou, T. Coghen, G. Gerbier, and Girod, Dominique
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Range (particle radiation), Large Hadron Collider, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Meson, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Nuclear Theory, chemistry.chemical_element, Propagator, Absolute value, Nuclear physics, Neon, Pion, chemistry, Physique des particules élémentaires, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Charged current, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The cross section for coherent production of a single π- meson in charged current antineutrino interactions on neon nuclei has been measured in BEBC to be (175±25) 10-40 cm2/neon nucleus, averaged over the energy spectrum of the antineutrino wide band beam at the CERN SPS; this corresponds to (0.9±0.1) % of the total charged current {Mathematical expression} cross section. The distributions of kinematical variables are in agreement with theoretical predictions based on the PCAC hypothesis and the meson dominance model; in particular, the Q2 dependence is well described by a propagator containing a mass m=(1.35±0.18) GeV. The absolute value of the cross section is also in agreement with the model. This analysis thus provides a test of the PCAC hypothesis in the antineutrino energy range 5-150 GeV. © 1986 Springer-Verlag., 0, 42 auteurs, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 1986

112. Determination of the Neutral to Charged Current Cross-Section Ratio for Antineutrino Interactions on Protons

Author: O. Erriquez, D.C. Colley, C. Kochowski, J. Guy, A. G. Michette, M. Neveu, H. Alamatsaz, J. P. Baton, F. Ruggieri, M. F. Votruba, N. Armenise, J. Moreels, V. Brisson, S. Natali, J. H. Bartley, W. Van Doninck, P. Petiau, D. Bertrand, W. Venus, Salvatore Nuzzo, T. Francois, G. Gerbier, M.T. Fogli-Muciaccia, A. M. Cooper, M. Tyndel, M. Calicchio, C. Vander Velde-Wilquet, Steve O'Neale, Jean Sacton, S. J. Sewell, R. Belusevic, M. A. Parker, T. Azemoon, and G. T. Jones
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Antiparticle, Muon, Neutral current, Antimatter, Hadron, Physique des particules élémentaires, Atomic physics, Neutrino, Charged current, Lepton
Abstract: An exposure of BEBC equipped with the hydrogen-filled TST to the v μ wide band beam at the CERN SPS has been used to study v μ interactions on free protons. About neutral induced interactions have been observed inside the hydrogen and separated into charged current, neutral current and neutral hadron interactions using a multivariate discriminant analysis based on the kinematics of the events. The neutral to charged current cross-section ratio has been determined to be R p v = 0.33 ± 0.04. When combined with the value of R p v previously determined in the same experiment, the result is compatible with the prediction of the standard SU (2) × U (1) model for sin 2θ W = 0.24 -0.08 +0.06 and ρ = 1.07 -0.08 +0.06. Fixing the parameter ρ = 1 yields sin 2θ W = 0.18 ± 0.04., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 1984

113. ChemInform Abstract: LOW-ENERGY ELECTRON SCATTERING FROM METHANE

Author: M. Calicchio, G. Tessari, E. Barbarito, and M. Basta
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_compound, Range (particle radiation), chemistry, Scattering, Attenuation, General Medicine, Electron, Atomic physics, Electron scattering, Excitation, Methane, Spectral line
Abstract: Measurements of the exponential attenuation of electron currents in a straight line collision chamber are reported using methane gas as the scattering medium. From the transmission spectra obtained at different methane pressure in the scattering chamber, the total cross sections for the energy range 0–16 eV are derived and compared to previous measurements. A small structure in the region of the Ramsauer–Townsend minimum is observed, confirming earlier interpretations of electron swarm experiments. A possible mechanism of excitation is discussed.
Published: 1979
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114. Determination of the neutral to charged current cross section ratio for neutrino interactions on protons

Author: N. Armenise, M. Calicchio, O. Erriquez, M.T. Fogli-Muciaccia, S. Natali, S. Nuzzo, F. Ruggieri, R. Belusevic, D.C. Colley, G.T. Jones, S. O'Neale, S. Sewell, M.F. Votruba, D. Bertrand, J. Moreels, J. Sacton, C. Vander Velde-Wilquet, W. Van Doninck, V. Brisson, T. Francois, P. Petiau, A.M. Cooper, J.G. Guy, A.G. Michette, M. Tyndel, W. Venus, J.P. Baton, G. Gerbier, C. Kochowski, M. Neveu, H. Alamatsaz, T. Azemoon, J.H. Bartley, and M.A. Parker
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physique des particules élémentaires
Abstract: SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 1983

115. Measurement of total cross sections for neutrino and antineutrino charged-current interactions in hydrogen and neon

Author: C. Vallée, Amanda Cooper-Sarkar, A. Vayaki, W. Wittek, Norbert Schmitz, D. Radojicic, O. Erriquez, J. P. Baton, G. Corrigan, M. Calicchio, K. Varvell, B. W. Kennedy, D. Bertrand, H. Wachmuth, D. B. Miller, W. Venus, S. J. Towers, G. T. Jones, D. R. O. Morrison, P. Kasper, Peter Schmid, M. Aderholz, E. Hoffmann, M. M. Mobayyen, M.T. Fogli-Muciaccia, E. Simopoulou, F. Hamisi, P. O. Hulth, Jon-Paul R. Wells, G. Myatt, E. F. Clayton, T. Coghen, P. N. Shotton, Jean Sacton, R. A. Sansum, Keith W. J. Barnham, Steve O'Neale, M. Lagraa, R. P. Middleton, P. J. Fitch, Pierre Marage, Mikael Berggren, H. Klein, M. A. Parker, R. W. L. Jones, F. W. Bullock, and J. Guy
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Hydrogen, chemistry.chemical_element, Nuclear physics, Neon, chemistry, Physique des particules élémentaires, Wide band, Neutrino, Atomic physics, Nucleon, Particle Physics - Experiment, Charged current
Abstract: BEBC filled in turn with hydrogen, and with a neon-hydrogen mixture, was exposed to the CERN SPS wide band neutrino and antineutrino beams. The ratios of the charged-current cross sections per nucleon, σ(νH2) σ(νNe) and σ(νH2) σ(νNe), between 20 and 300 GeV were found to be 0.656 ± 0.020 and 1.425 ± 0.052, respectively. Multiplying these ratios by the revised cross sections in neon, σ(νNe) E = (0.723 ± 0.038) × 10-38 cm2/GeV per nucleon and σ(νNe) E = (0.351 ± 0.019) × 10-38 cm2/GeV per nucleon, and their ratio, σ(νNe) σ(νNe) = 0.485 ± 0.020, yields values for the total charged-current cross sections on protons, σ(νp)/E and σ(νp) E, of (0.474 ± 0.029) × 10-38 cm2/GeV and (0.500 ± 0.032) × 10-38 cm2/GeV. respectively, and a value for the ratio σ(νp) σ(νp) of 1.053 ± 0.066. © 1986., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 1986

116. Evidence for higher twist effects in fast π- production by antineutrinos in neon

Author: M. Lagraa, R. P. Middleton, O. Erriquez, P. J. Fitch, E. Zevgolatakos, R. A. Sansum, T. Azemoon, A. Vayaki, W. Wittek, T. Coghen, M. Aderholz, M. Calicchio, Giuseppe Iaselli, P. Kasper, E. F. Clayton, G. Gerbier, H. Wachsmuth, K. Varvell, M. Neveu, W. Venus, G. T. Jones, E. Simopoulou, Mikael Berggren, J. Guy, Jon-Paul R. Wells, F. W. Bullock, M. A. Parker, D. Bertrand, David Miller, M. M. Mobayyen, Amanda Cooper-Sarkar, N. Armenise, C. Vallée, Pierre Marage, Steve O'Neale, P. O. Hulth, and Girod, Dominique
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Physique, Scattering, chemistry.chemical_element, Astronomie, Nuclear physics, Neon, chemistry, Energy spectrum, Physique des particules élémentaires, Twist, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Evidence for a significant higher twist contribution to high z π- production in antineutrino scattering is presented. In events with W>3 GeV and Q2>1 GeV2 in our data, it accounts for (51 ±8)% of all π- with z above 0.5. It is consistent with the z-Q2 correlations of Berger's higher twist prediction. The data are inconclusive concerning the predicted y-z correlation and pT dependence. The z -Q2 correlation is not adequately described by the Lund Monte-Carlo. © 1986 Springer-Verlag., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 1986

117. COHERENT PRODUCTION OF RHO- MESONS IN CHARGED CURRENT ANTINEUTRINO-NEON INTERACTIONS IN BEBC

Author: N. Armenise, Mikael Berggren, P. P. Allport, M. Calicchio, Jon-Paul R. Wells, Pierre Marage, O. Erriquez, T. Coghen, R. A. Sansum, Jean Sacton, H. Wachsmuth, Amanda Cooper-Sarkar, P. Kasper, M. M. Mobayyen, C. Vallée, J. P. Baton, E. Matsinos, M. Neveu, A. Vayaki, W. Wittek, S. W. O'Neale, F. W. Bullock, G. T. Jones, W. Burkot, D. Bertrand, M. Aderholz, J. Guy, V. Brisson, W. Venus, D. R. O. Morrison, H. Klein, M. A. Parker, U. F. Katz, N. Schmitz, E. Simopoulou, P. Petiau, K. Varvell, E. F. Clayton, F. Hamisi, P. O. Hulth, P. J. Fitch, D. B. Miller, R. P. Middleton, and Girod, Dominique
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Large Hadron Collider, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Meson, [PHYS.HEXP] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Theory, chemistry.chemical_element, Vector meson dominance, Absolute value, Nuclear physics, Neon, chemistry, Bubble chamber, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Engineering (miscellaneous), Particle Physics - Experiment, Beam (structure), Charged current
Abstract: Coherent production of ρ- mesons in charged current antineutrino interactions on neon nuclei is studied in the BEBC bubble chamber exposed to the CERN SPS wide band beam. The cross section is measured to be (95±25)·10-40 cm2 per neon nucleus, averaged over the beam energy spectrum. The distributions of kinematical variables and the absolute value of the cross section are in agreement with theoretical predictions based on the CVC hypothesis and the vector meson dominance model. © 1987 Springer-Verlag.

118. High energy cosmic ray physics with underground muons in MACRO. I. Analysis methods and experimental results

Author: Roberto Bellotti, J. T. Hong, Marco Monteno, C. Forti, C. W. Walter, A. Di Credico, L. Miller, D. Levin, G. Giacomelli, Alec Habig, S. Kyriazopoulou, G. Battistoni, S P Mikheyev, G. Mancarella, G. Auriemma, Marcello Castellano, O. Erriquez, Gregory Tarle, D. Campana, J. Reynoldson, Teresa Montaruli, E. Kearns, F.J. Ronga, S. Coutu, U. Rubizzo, R. Nolty, P. Guarnaccia, R.M. Heinz, M. Severi, R. Fantini, M. Calicchio, Halina Bilokon, V. Popa, G. Osteria, L. Patrizii, R. C. Webb, C. Bemporad, S. Cecchini, M. Goretti, M. J. Longo, R. Baker, C. Favuzzi, C. Bloise, V. Valente, D. Nicoló, I. De Mitri, P. Fusco, A. Marzari-Chiesa, V. Bisi, C. R. Bower, D. Martello, G. Mandrioli, S. Petrera, Andrea Carlo Marini, M. Ambrosio, A. Corona, O. Palamara, N. P. Longley, Kate Scholberg, Pio Pistilli, C. De Marzo, P. Bernardini, C. E. Lane, L. Satta, C. Satriano, M. Spinetti, R. Antolini, J. A. Musser, G. C. Barbarino, Erik Katsavounidis, F. Guarino, L. R. Sulak, E. Lamanna, S. L. Mufson, C. W. Peck, A. A. Grillo, A. Rainò, A. Margiotta-Neri, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, G. Giannini, A. Hawthorne, A. Sanzgiri, Mario Sitta, C. Gustavino, H. Dekhissi, Eugenio Scapparone, M. De Vincenzi, R. Pazzi, C. Okada, V. Togo, F. Sartogo, D. G. Michael, F. Cei, F. Cafagna, C. Orth, Maurizio Spurio, N. Giglietto, R. Steinberg, G. de Cataldo, V. Chiarella, T. Bosio, P. Monacelli, J. L. Stone, Vincenzo Patera, A. Sciubba, A. Baldini, P. Serra-Lugaresi, B. C. Barish, M. Ricciardi, M. Carboni, P. Spinelli, Kael Hanson, A. Surdo, Paolo Lipari, E. Iarocci, S. Parlati, M. Grassi, M. N. Mazziotta, Ambrosio M., Antolini R., Auriemma G., Baker R., Baldini A., Barbarino G.C., Barish B.C., Battistoni G., Bellotti R., Bemporad C., Bernardini P., Bilokon H., Bisi V., Bloise C., Bosio T., Bower C., Bussino S., Cafagna F., Calicchio M., Campana D., Carboni M., Castellano M., Cecchini S., Cei F., Chiarella V., Corona A., Coutu S., De Cataldo G., Dekhissi H., De Marzo C., De Mitri I., De Vincenzi M., Di Credico A., Erriquez O., Fantini R., Favuzzi C., Forti C., Fusco P., Giacomelli G., Giannini G., Giglietto N., Goretti M., Grassi M., Grillo A., Guarino F., Guarnaccia P., Gustavino C., Habig A., Hanson K., Hawthorne A., Heinz R., Hong J.T., Iarocci E., Katsavounidis E., Kearns E., Kyriazopoulou S., Lamanna E., Lane C., Levin D.S., Lipari P., Longley N.P., Longo M.J., Mancarella G., Mandrioli G., Margiotta-Neri A., Marini A., Martello D., Marzari-Chiesa A., Mazziotta M.N., Michael D.G., Mikheyev S., Miller L., Monacelli P., Montaruli T., Monteno M., Mufson S., Musser J., Nicolo D., Nolty R., Okada C., Orth C., Osteria G., Palamara O., Parlati S., Patera V., Patrizii L., Pazzi R., Peck C.W., Petrera S., Pistilli P., Popa V., Raino A., Reynoldson J., Ricciardi M., Ronga F., Rubizzo U., Sanzgiri A., Sartogo F., Satriano C., Satta L., Scapparone E., Scholberg K., Sciubba A., Serra-Lugaresi P., Severi M., Sitta M., Spinelli P., Spinetti M., Spurio M., Steinberg R., Stone J.L., Sulak L.R., Surdo A., Tarle G., Togo V., Valente V., Walter C.W., Webb R., Barbarino, Giancarlo, and Guarino, Fausto
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High energy, Particle physics, Muon, Quantum decoherence, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Cosmic ray, MACRO, Gran Sasso, Nuclear physics, Angular distribution, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Macro, Analysis method
Abstract: In this paper, the first of a two-part work, we present the reconstruction and measurement of muon events detected underground by the MACRO experiment at Gran Sasso (E{sub {mu}}{ge} 1.3 TeV in atmosphere). The main aim of this work is to discuss the muon multiplicity distribution as measured in the detector. The data sample analyzed consists of 4.4{times}10{sup 6} muon events, of which {approximately} 263000 are multiple muons, corresponding to a total live time of 5850 h. In this sample, the observed multiplicities extend above N{sub {mu}}=35, with intermuon separations up to 50 m and beyond. Additional complementing measurements, such as the inclusive muon flux, the angular distribution, and the muon separation distribution (decoherence), are also included. The physical interpretation of the results presented here is reported in the following companion paper. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

119. First supermodule of the MACRO detector at Gran Sasso

Author: Paolo Giubellino, M. Severi, G. Pellizzoni, Fausto Guarino, S. L. Nutter, V. Valente, G. Battistoni, V. Bisi, C. W. Walter, A. Frani, G. R. Verdone, E. Hazen, Gianfranca De Rosa, J. L. Stone, L. Satta, D. Cosson, Marco Grassi, N. De Seriis, V. Chiarella, Mario Sitta, C. Gustavino, D. Campana, G. Mancarella, S. P. Ahlen, R. Antolini, Michael J. Longo, G. Liu, P. Spinelli, J. Reynoldson, A. Corona, G. Giannini, C. Bloise, Robert A. Cormack, C. Chiera, C. Favuzzi, Frederic Jean Ronga, E. Iarocci, N. Giglietto, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, G. Tarle, L. Foti, Erik Katsavounidis, S. L. Mufson, P. Pistilli, R. Pazzi, G. de Cataldo, Marco Monteno, Edward Diehl, G. Martellotti, Sergio Petrera, Stefan Klein, F. Gherarducci, A. Mengucci, P. Monacelli, Paolo Lipari, Maurizio Spurio, A. Surdo, F. Predieri, P. Bernardini, R.M. Heinz, G.L. Sanzani, M. Ambrosio, C. Lee, D. Ficenec, F. Cei, R. Diotallevi, P. Serra Lugaresi, D. Martello, Ana Maria Marin, Pierluigi Campana, S. Cecchini, Alec Habig, F. Welte, C. Satriano, G. Auriemma, Roberto Bellotti, A. Boiano, L. Miller, D. Levin, M. Carboni, C. Bemporad, N. D. Pignatano, G. C. Barbarino, S. Coutu, Alexander Grillo, I. D'Antone, J. Petrakis, Eugenio Scapparone, A. Baldini, Luciano Ramello, S. Parlati, J. Steele, G. Ludlam, S. Merritt, V. Togo, C. Forti, Massimo Masera, P. Matteuzzi, G. Giacomelli, M. Perchiazzi, M. Calicchio, Vincenzo Patera, Halina Bilokon, C. Pinto, A. Tazzioli, W. A. Worstell, A. Sciubba, O. Palamara, G. Osteria, P. Parascandalo, M. Spinetti, A. Candela, F. Cafagna, Kate Scholberg, R. Liu, D. G. Michael, C. R. Bower, A. Sacchetti, A. Marzari Chiesa, O. Erriquez, C. De Marzo, A. Cobis, Patrick Green, J. A. Musser, A. Di Credico, M. Devincenzi, Barry C. Barish, S. Kyriazopoulou, R. C. Webb, R. Steinberg, C. W. Peck, P. Fusco, Andrea Carlo Marini, L. Patrizii, G. Mandrioli, Lawrence Sulak, J. T. Hong, C. E. Lane, J. Hanson, M. Mongelli, C. Okada, E. Kearns, U. Denni, E. Lamanna, Ahlen S., Ambrosio M., Antolini R., Auriemma G., Baldini A., Barbarino G.C., Barish B., Battistoni G., Bellotti R., Bemporad C., Bernardini P., Bilokon H., Bisi V., Bloise C., Boiano A., Bower C., Bussino S., Cafagna F., Calicchio M., Campana P., Campana D., Candela A., Carboni M., Cecchini S., Cei F., Chiarella V., Chiera C., Cobis A., Cormack R., Corona A., Cosson D., Coutu S., D'Antone I., De Cataldo G., De Marzo C., Denni U., De Seriis N., DeVincenzi M., Di Credico A., Diehl E., Diotallevi R., Erriquez O., Favuzzi C., Ficenec D., Forti C., Foti L., Frani A., Fusco P., Gherarducci F., Giacomelli G., Giannini G., Giglietto N., Giubellino P., Grassi M., Green P., Grillo A., Guarino F., Gustavino C., Habig A., Hanson J., Hazen E., Heinz R., Hong J.T., Iarocci E., Katsavounidis E., Kearns E., Klein S., Kyriazopoulou S., Lamanna E., Lane C., Lee C., Levin D., Lipari P., Liu G., Liu R., Longo M.J., Ludlam G., Mancarella G., Mandrioli G., Marin A., Marini A., Martello D., Martellotti G., Marzari Chiesa A., Masera M., Matteuzzi P., Mengucci A., Merritt S., Michael D.G., Miller L., Monacelli P., Mongelli M., Monteno M., Mufson S., Musser J., Nutter S., Okada C., Osteria G., Palamara O., Parascandalo P., Parlati S., Patera V., Patrizii L., Pazzi R., Peck C.W., Pellizzoni G., Perchiazzi M., Petrakis J., Petrera S., Pignatano N.D., Pinto C., Pistilli P., Predieri F., Ramello L., Reynoldson J., Ronga F., Rosa G., Sacchetti A., Sanzani G., Satriano C., Satta L., Scapparone E., Scholberg K., Sciubba A., Serra Lugaresi P., Severi M., Sitta M., Spinelli P., Spinetti M., Spurio M., Steele J., Steinberg R., Stone J.L., Sulak L.R., Surdo A., Tarle G., Tazzioli A., Togo V., Valente V., Verdone G.R., Walter C.W., Webb R., Welte F., Worstell W., Ahlen, S., Ambrosio, M., Antolini, R., Auriemma, G., Baldini, A., Barbarino, G. C., Barish, B., Battistoni, G., Bellotti, R., Bemporad, C., Bernardini, P., Bilokon, H., Bisi, V., Bloise, C., Boiano, A., Bower, C., Bussino, S., Cafagna, F., Calicchio, M., Campana, P., Campana, D., Candela, A., Carboni, M., Cecchini, S., Cei, F., Chiarella, V., Chiera, C., Cobis, A., Cormack, R., Corona, A., Cosson, D., Coutu, S., D'Antone, I., De Cataldo, G., De Marzo, C., Denni, U., De Seriis, N., Devincenzi, M., Di Credico, A., Diehl, E., Diotallevi, R., Erriquez, O., Favuzzi, C., Ficenec, D., Forti, C., Foti, L., Frani, A., Fusco, P., Gherarducci, F., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, G., Giglietto, N., Giubellino, P., Grassi, M., Green, P., Grillo, A., Guarino, F., Gustavino, C., Habig, A., Hanson, J., Hazen, E., Heinz, R., Hong, J. T., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidis, E., Kearns, E., Klein, S., Kyriazopoulou, S., Lamanna, E., Lane, C., Lee, C., Levin, D., Lipari, P., Liu, G., Liu, R., Longo, M. J., Ludlam, G., Mancarella, Giovanni, Mandrioli, G., Marin, A., Marini, A., Martello, Daniele, Martellotti, G., Marzari Chiesa, A., Masera, M., Matteuzzi, P., Mengucci, A., Merritt, S., Michael, D. G., Miller, L., Monacelli, P., Mongelli, M., Monteno, M., Mufson, S., Musser, J., Nutter, S., Okada, C., Osteria, G., Palamara, O., Parascandalo, P., Parlati, S., Patera, V., Patrizii, L., Pazzi, R., Peck, C. W., Pellizzoni, G., Perchiazzi, M., Petrakis, J., Petrera, S., Pignatano, N. D., Pinto, C., Pistilli, P., Predieri, F., Ramello, L., Reynoldson, J., Ronga, F., Rosa, G., Sacchetti, A., Sanzani, G., Satriano, C., Satta, L., Scapparone, E., Scholberg, K., Sciubba, A., Serra Lugaresi, P., Severi, M., Sitta, M., Spinelli, P., Spinetti, M., Spurio, M., Steele, J., Steinberg, R., Stone, J. L., Sulak, L. R., Surdo, A., Tarlé, G., Tazzioli, A., Togo, V., Valente, V., Verdone, G. R., Walter, C. W., Webb, R., Welte, F., Worstell, W., Barbarino, Giancarlo, and Guarino, Fausto
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Detector, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, MACRO, Gran Sasso, Data acquisition, Scintillation counter, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Supermodule, Macro, Mathematics::Representation Theory, business, Instrumentation, Computer hardware
Abstract: In this paper the design, construction and performance of the lower part of the first supermodule of the MACRO detector is described.

120. Description and performances of a transition radiation detector for a Gran Sasso underground experiment

Author: F. Cafagna, C. De Marzo, A. Rainò, N. Giglietto, M. N. Mazziotta, Roberto Bellotti, G. de Cataldo, P. Spinelli, M. G. Castellano, C. Favuzzi, P. Guarnaccia, O. Erriquez, P. Fusco, and M. Calicchio
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, Residual, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, Transition radiation detector, Test beam, Calibration, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, National laboratory
Abstract: A transition radiation detector module, 6 × 2 × 2 m3 in size, has been developed, tested and then installed on the MACRO detector at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory. The modular structure consisting of proportional tubes interleaved with polyethylene foam radiators allows to cover a large area. This detector measures the residual energies, up to 1 TeV, of penetrating muons. We discuss the possibility to obtain more physical information from these muons by measuring their residual energy and the performances of the first module. Calibration results of prototypes operated in a test beam at the CERN P.S. are also given.

121. Status report of the macro experiment at gran sasso

Author: B. Pal, G. Rosa, M. De Vincenzi, V. Flaminio, Paolo Giubellino, G. Auriemma, D. Levin, S. Cecchini, Gregory Tarle, M. Severi, F. Predieri, C. Favuzzi, R.M. Heinz, A. A. Grillo, L. Petrillo, P. Green, J. L. Stone, S. Petrera, F.J. Ronga, Vincenzo Patera, M. Masera, M. Fiore, E. Hazen, L. Satta, G. C. Barbarino, V. Bisi, A. Sciubba, P. Serra, A. Baldini, C. Bemporad, O. Palamara, V. Chiarella, M. Grassi, Pio Pistilli, B. C. Barish, Marco Monteno, G. Mancarella, Robert A. Cormack, S. P. Ahlen, J. Reynoldson, G. Liu, G.L. Sanzani, G. de Cataldo, A. Reale, M. Ambrosio, Paolo Lipari, A. Marzari Chiesa, O. Erriquez, P. Bernardini, C. Smith, L. R. Sulak, P. Spinelli, J. Steele, P. Monacelli, D. Ficenec, V. Valente, D. Solie, J. Petrakis, G. Giannini, Luciano Ramello, E. Iarocci, A. Surdo, N. Giglietto, G. Battistoni, M. Spinetti, P. Matteuzzi, S. Coutu, P. Campana, E. Lamanna, C. Bloise, Eugenio Nappi, Andrea Carlo Marini, C. Forti, S. L. Mufson, G. Giacomelli, A. Margiotta-Neri, C. W. Peck, G. Martellotti, M. Calicchio, Halina Bilokon, W. A. Worstell, M. Iori, P. Chrysicopoulou, R. Steinberg, J. T. Hong, R. C. Webb, C. E. Lane, S. Klein, C. R. Bower, L. Patrizii, C. De Marzo, G. Mandrioli, J. A. Musser, M. J. Longo, R. Pazzi, A. Marin, and Maurizio Spurio
Subjects: ICARUS, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High energy, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Status report, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Macro, Neutrino, Supermodule, Cosmic-ray observatory
Abstract: The half of the MACRO detector, a large area Monopole, Astrophysics, Cosmic Ray Observatory is nearly completed in Hall B of the Gran Sasso Laboratory. One supermodule is already taken data and the remainder will be activated in few months. A general overview of the MACRO detector, together with its physics capabilities as far as the search for point sources of high energy neutrino is concerned, will be presented.

122. First results from the MACRO experiment at the Gran Sasso laboratory

Author: Paolo Giubellino, V. Togo, E. Hazen, F. Cafagna, V. Flaminio, P. Bernardini, C. Favuzzi, M. Spinetti, R. Heinz, W. Worstell, Lawrence Sulak, A. Marzari-Chiesa, P. Monacelli, J. Steele, M. Severi, M. Masera, R. Steinberg, A. Marin, M. Iori, G. Battistoni, Alexander Grillo, M. Grassi, J. Petrakis, D. Solie, P. Campana, Andrea Carlo Marini, G. Liu, L. Satta, P. Matteuzzi, Steven Ahlen, M. Fabbri, G. Martellotti, C. Bloise, C. Peck, S. Mufson, R. C. Webb, S. Coutu, C. Lane, C. Bemporad, Daniel M. Levin, L. Ramello, E. Nappi, F. Predieri, G.L. Sanzani, A. Reale, E. Iarocci, C. Bower, S. Cechini, R. Pazzi, P. Serra, G. Auriemma, P. Green, Frederic Jean Ronga, G. De Cataldo, Roberto Bellotti, G.P. Sini, A. Sciubba, M. Calicchio, G. Giannini, B. Pal, Vincenzo Patera, S. Klein, J.L. Stone, G. Mancarella, J. Reynoldson, V. Chiarella, E. Lamanna, G. Rosa, C. Forti, P. Lipari, G.C. Barbarino, Halina Bilokon, M. Monteno, V. Valente, V. Bisi, M. Fiore, S. Petrera, D. Ficenec, A. Baldini, N. Giglietto, G. Mandrioli, P. Spinelli, L. Petrillo, M. Spurio, M. Devincenzi, Barry C. Barish, E. Erriquez, G. Giacomelli, J.T. Hong, C. De Marzo, and L. Patrizii
Subjects: Nuclear physics, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, magnetic monopole, Cosmic muons, MACRO, Macro, Gran Sasso, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract: The first physics results obtained with the MACRO detector in the underground Gran Sasso Laboratory are reported. Results were also obtained in conjunction with the EAS-TOP detector located on top of the Gran Sasso mountain.

123. Performance of the MACRO detector at Gran Sasso: Moon shadow and seasonal variations

Author: P. Serra-Lugaresi, O. Erriquez, L. Miller, D. Levin, C. W. Walter, F. Cafagna, M. Severi, A. Di Credico, N. D. Pignatano, S. Kyriazopoulou, G. Battistoni, P. Spinelli, Kael Hanson, F.J. Ronga, R. C. Webb, G. Mancarella, P. Bernardini, G. de Cataldo, P. F. Spada, G. C. Barbarino, L. Satta, J. Reynoldson, V. Chiarella, J. L. Stone, R. Nolty, Teresa Montaruli, L. De Benedictis, D. G. Michael, M. Goretti, P. Guarnaccia, I. De Mitri, C. R. Bower, L. R. Sulak, E. Iarocci, H. Dekhissi, C. De Marzo, J. A. Musser, Vincenzo Patera, A. Sciubba, A. Baldini, A. Corona, B. C. Barish, Pio Pistilli, D. Campana, P. Monacelli, R. Pazzi, V. Togo, M. Carboni, R. Fantini, Eugenio Scapparone, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, C. Orth, Maurizio Spurio, Kate Scholberg, C. Forti, G. Ludlam, R. Liu, A. Surdo, A. A. Grillo, G. Giacomelli, F. Guarino, R. Antolini, U. Rubizzo, Mario Sitta, C. Gustavino, M. J. Longo, G. Giannini, M. Calicchio, O. Palamara, A. Rainò, G. Liu, Halina Bilokon, S P Mikheyev, D. Martello, Marcello Castellano, M. N. Mazziotta, F. Maaroufi, E. Vilela, P. Green, N. Giglietto, Erik Katsavounidis, S. Cecchini, S. L. Mufson, C. Favuzzi, C. Bemporad, A. Margiotta-Neri, A. Sanzgiri, M. Spinetti, Alec Habig, S. Coutu, J. T. Hong, R. Baker, V. Popa, T. Bosio, M. Grassi, V. Bisi, Donato Nicolo, M. De Vincenzi, Giuseppe Osteria, C. Satriano, S. Parlati, Marco Monteno, G. Auriemma, A. Hawthorne, Paolo Lipari, V. Valente, M. Ambrosio, F. Sartogo, G. Tarle, Fabrizio Cei, Roberto Bellotti, R.M. Heinz, C. Bloise, P. Fusco, S. Petrera, Andrea Carlo Marini, C. W. Peck, R. Steinberg, A. Marzari-Chiesa, L. Patrizii, G. Mandrioli, E. Lamanna, C. Okada, E. Kearns, Np Longley, C. E. Lane, Giglietto, N., Ambrosio, M., Antolini, R., Auriemma, G., Baker, R., Baldini, A., Barbarino, G. C., Barish, B. C., Battistoni, G., Bellotti, R., Bemporad, C., Bernardini, P., Bilokon, H., Bisi, V., Bloise, C., Bosio, T., Bower, C., Bussino, S., Cafagna, F., Calicchio, M., Campana, D., Carboni, M., Castellano, M., Cecchini, S., Cei, F., Chiarella, V., Corona, A., Coutu, S., de Benedictis, L., de Cataldo, G., Dekhissi, H., de Marzo, C., de Mitri, I., de Vincenzi, M., di Credico, A., Erriquez, O., Fantini, R., Favuzzi, C., Forti, C., Fusco, P., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, G., Goretti, M., Grassi, M., Green, P., Grillo, A., Guarino, F., Guarnaccia, P., Gustavino, C., Habig, A., Hanson, K., Hawthorne, A., Heinz, R., Hong, J. T., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidis, E., Kearns, E., Kyriazopoulou, S., Lamanna, E., Lane, C., Levin, D. S., Lipari, P., Liu, G., Liu, R., Longley, N. P., Longo, M. J., Ludlam, G., Maaroufi, F., Mancarella, G., Mandrioli, G., Margiotta-Neri, A., Marini, A., Martello, D., Marzari-Chiesa, A., Mazziotta, M. N., Michael, D. G., Mikheyev, S., Miller, L., Monacelli, P., Montaruli, T., Monteno, M., Mufson, S., Musser, J., Nicoló, D., Nolty, R., Okada, C., Orth, C., Osteria, G., Palamara, O., Parlati, S., Patera, V., Patrizii, L., Pazzi, R., Peck, C. W., Petrera, S., Pignatano, N. D., Pistilli, P., Popa, V., Rainó, A., Reynoldson, J., Ronga, F., Rubizzo, U., Sanzgiri, A., Sartogo, F., Satriano, C., Satta, L., Scapparone, E., Scholberg, K., Sciubba, A., Serra-Lugaresi, P., Severi, M., Sitta, M., Spada, P. F., Spinelli, P., Spinetti, M., Spurio, M., Steinberg, R., Stone, J. L., Sulak, L. R., Surdo, A., Tarlé, G., Togo, V., Valente, V., Vilela, E., Walter, C. W., and Webb, R.
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Geography, Meteorology, Shadow, Detector, Macro, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

124. The MACRO detector at Gran Sasso

Author: S. Cecchini, C. Favuzzi, Paolo Lipari, G. de Cataldo, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, D. Di Ferdinando, A. Candela, G. Auriemma, Maximiliano Sioli, P. Pistilli, L. Degli Esposti, A. Marzari-Chiesa, L Mossbarger, L. Perrone, R. Pazzi, C. Forti, M Orsini, A. Rrhioua, G. Giacomelli, V. Chiarella, P. Creti, Mario Sitta, C. Gustavino, C. Orth, Marco Monteno, C. W. Walter, C. W. Peck, M. Goretti, M. Vakili, V. Togo, M. Perchiazzi, Lindsey Gray, S P Mikheyev, Vincenzo Patera, E Bottazzi, M. Calicchio, E. Iarocci, J. L. Stone, L. Satta, Barry C. Barish, D. Bakari, R. Assiro, R.M. Heinz, Halina Bilokon, Maurizio Spurio, A. Surdo, D. Levin, A. Sciubba, E. Barbarito, A. Baldini, F. Loparco, O. Palamara, G. Battistoni, N. D. Pignatano, P Saggese, M. Ouchrif, C. Valieri, J. Hanson, R. Antolini, H. Dekhissi, M. Spinetti, R. Nolty, G. Giannini, A. Sacchetti, P. Monacelli, Erik Katsavounidis, A. Hawthorne, V. Bisi, G. Sirri, F. Guarino, M. Carboni, P. Serra, R. Steinberg, R. Giacomelli, S. L. Mufson, A. Rainò, M. Gebhard, Gabriele Pellizzoni, J. Reynoldson, G. Mandrioli, M. Brigida, Teresa Montaruli, M. Cozzi, M. Giorgini, S. Parlati, V. Marrelli, G. Liu, C. Bemporad, S. Coutu, C. Bloise, P. Fusco, D. G. Michael, F. Maaroufi, N. Giglietto, V. Popa, Frederic Jean Ronga, Andrea Carlo Marini, Alec Habig, G. Osteria, E. Kearns, M. J. Longo, J. Petrakis, J. Derkaoui, Donato Nicolo, A. Ceres, H.Y. Kim, H. Grau, Lawrence Sulak, Annarita Margiotta, C. Okada, S Sondergaard, D. Martello, Shahid Manzoor, M. Mongelli, O. Erriquez, D. Campana, M. De Vincenzi, A. A. Grillo, M. N. Mazziotta, L. Miller, P. Spinelli, A. Leone, Kael Hanson, M. Ambrosio, Gregory Tarle, N. Zaccheo, F. Cafagna, B. C. Choudhary, R. Diotallevi, G. C. Barbarino, Roberto Bellotti, Eugenio Scapparone, Yvonne Becherini, Fabrizio Cei, G. Mancarella, Kate Scholberg, R. Liu, P. Bernardini, E. Lamanna, C. Satriano, A. Di Credico, J. T. Hong, Np Longley, S. Kyriazopoulou, C. E. Lane, S. Petrera, R. Giuliani, L. Patrizii, S. Stalio, Ioannis Katsavounidis, R. C. Webb, C. Pinto, M. Grassi, I. De Mitri, C. R. Bower, C. De Marzo, J. A. Musser, Guarino, Fausto, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Assiro, R, Auriemma, G, Bakari, D, Baldini, A, Barbarino, Gc, Barbarito, E, Barish, Bc, Battistoni, G, Becherini, Y, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bisi, V, Bloise, C, Bottazzi, E, Bower, C, Brigida, M, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Candela, A, Carboni, M, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Ceres, A, Chiarella, V, Choudhary, Bc, Coutu, S, Cozzi, M, Creti, P, De Cataldo, G, Degli Esposti, L, Dekhissi, H, De Marzo, C, De Mitri, I, Derkaoui, J, De Vincenzi, M, Di Credico, A, Di Ferdinando, D, Diotallevi, R, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Gebhard, M, Giacomelli, G, Giacomelli, R, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Giorgini, M, Giuliani, R, Goretti, M, Grassi, M, Grau, H, Gray, L, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, J, Hanson, K, Hawthorne, A, Heinz, R, Hong, Jt, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Katsavounidis, I, Kearns, E, Kim, H, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Leone, A, Levin, D, Lipari, P, Liu, G, Liu, R, Longley, Np, Longo, Mj, Loparco, F, Maaroufi, F, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Manzoor, S, Marrelli, V, Margiotta, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzari Chiesa, A, Mazziotta, Mn, Michael, Dg, Mikheyev, S, Miller, L, Monacelli, P, Mongelli, M, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mossbarger, L, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Okada, C, Orsini, M, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Ouchrif, M, Palamara, O, Parlati, S, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, Cw, Pellizzoni, G, Perchiazzi, M, Perrone, L, Petrakis, J, Petrera, S, Pignatano, N, Pinto, C, Pistilli, P, Popa, V, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Rrhioua, A, Sacchetti, A, Saggese, P, Satriano, C, Satta, L, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Serra, P, Sioli, M, Sirri, G, Sitta, M, Sondergaard, S, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Stalio, S, Steinberg, R, Stone, Jl, Sulak, Lr, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Togo, V, Vakili, M, Valieri, C, Walter, Cw, Webb, R, Zaccheo, N., Ambrosio M., Antolini R., Assiro R., Auriemma G., Bakari D., Baldini A., Barbarino G.C., Barbarito E., Barish B.C., Battistoni G., Becherini Y., Bellotti R., Bemporad C., Bernardini P., Bilokon H., Bisi V., Bloise C., Bottazzi E., Bower C., Brigida M., Bussino S., Cafagna F., Calicchio M., Campana D., Candela A., Carboni M., Cecchini S., Cei F., Ceres A., Chiarella V., Choudhary B.C., Coutu S., Cozzi M., Creti P., De Cataldo G., Degli Esposti L., Dekhissi H., De Marzo C., De Mitri I., Derkaoui J., De Vincenzi M., Di Credico A., Di Ferdinando D., Diotallevi R., Erriquez O., Favuzzi C., Forti C., Fusco P., Gebhard M., Giacomelli G., Giacomelli R., Giannini G., Giglietto N., Giorgini M., Giuliani R., Goretti M., Grassi M., Grau H., Gray L., Grillo A., Guarino F., Gustavino C., Habig A., Hanson J., Hanson K., Hawthorne A., Heinz R., Hong J.T., Iarocci E., Katsavounidis E., Katsavounidis I., Kearns E., Kim H., Kyriazopoulou S., Lamanna E., Lane C., Leone A., Levin D.S., Lipari P., Liu G., Liu R., Longley N.P., Longo M.J., Loparco F., Maaroufi F., Mancarella G., Mandrioli G., Manzoor S., Marrelli V., Margiotta A., Marini A., Martello D., Marzari-Chiesa A., Mazziotta M.N., Michael D.G., Mikheyev S., Miller L., Monacelli P., Mongelli M., Montaruli T., Monteno M., Mossbarger L., Mufson S., Musser J., Nicolo D., Nolty R., Okada C., Orsini M., Orth C., Osteria G., Ouchrif M., Palamara O., Parlati S., Patera V., Patrizii L., Pazzi R., Peck C.W., Pellizzoni G., Perchiazzi M., Perrone L., Petrakis J., Petrera S., Pignatano N., Pinto C., Pistilli P., Popa V., Raino A., Reynoldson J., Ronga F., Rrhioua A., Sacchetti A., Saggese P., Satriano C., Satta L., Scapparone E., Scholberg K., Sciubba A., Serra P., Sioli M., Sirri G., Sitta M., Sondergaard S., Spinelli P., Spinetti M., Spurio M., Stalio S., Steinberg R., Stone J.L., Sulak L.R., Surdo A., Tarle G., Togo V., Vakili M., Valieri C., Walter C.W., Webb R., Zaccheo N., Bernardini, Paolo, Martello, Daniele, DE MITRI, Ivan, Perrone, Lorenzo, Mancarella, Giovanni, and Macro, Collaboration
Subjects: astroparticle phusics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, astroparticle physics, cosmic-ray composition, deep underground detector, energy-spectrum, moving magnetic monopoles, muon intensity, nuclear track detectors, search, streamer tubes, system, transition radiation detector, underground detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cosmic ray, Astroparticle physic, Particle detector, Nuclear physics, Neutrino oscillation, Instrumentation, Physics, Detector, Transition radiation detector, Astroparticle physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Neutrino astronomy, Lepton
Abstract: MACRO was an experiment that ran in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso from 1988 to 2000. Its principal goal was to observe magnetic monopoles or set significantly lower experimental flux limits than had been previously available in the velocity range from about beta = 10(-4) to unity. In addition it made a variety of other observations. Examples are: setting flux limits on other so far unobserved particles such as nuclearites and lightly ionizing particles, searching for WIMP annihilations in the Earth and the Sun and for neutrino bursts from stellar collapses in or near our Galaxy, and making measurements relevant to high energy muon and neutrino astronomy and of the flux of up-going muons as a function of nadir angle showing evidence for neutrino oscillations. The apparatus consisted of three principal types of detectors: liquid scintillator counters, limited streamer tubes, and nuclear track etch detectors. In addition, over part of its area it contained a transition radiation detector. The general design philosophy emphasized redundancy and complementarity. This paper describes the technical aspects of the complete MACRO detector, its operational performance, and the techniques used to calibrate it and verify its proper operation. It supplements a previously published paper which described the first portion of the detector that was built and operated. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

125. SEARCH FOR STELLAR GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE BY MACRO - CHARACTERISTICS AND RESULTS

Author: J. L. Stone, L. Satta, C. Smith, M. Calicchio, F.J. Ronga, L. Patrizii, Halina Bilokon, F. Cafagna, Marco Monteno, G. Tarle, G. Mandrioli, C. De Marzo, Marco Grassi, J. A. Musser, A. Di Credico, C. W. Walter, S. Kyriazopoulou, F. Predieri, Edward Diehl, D. G. Michael, G. de Cataldo, R. C. Webb, G. Osteria, V. Bisi, A. Corona, P. Bernardini, S. P. Ahlen, J. Reynoldson, J. T. Hong, Paolo Giubellino, R.M. Heinz, E. Iarocci, Severino Angelo Maria Bussino, R. Steinberg, M. Severi, P. Chrysicopoulou, Ana Maria Marin, M. De Vincenzi, C. E. Lane, A. A. Grillo, S. Petrera, M. Masera, O. Erriquez, Maurizio Longo, F. Guarino, G. Auriemma, C. Bloise, Roberto Bellotti, G. Liu, P. Spinelli, P. Fusco, D. Martello, S. Coutu, Mario Sitta, C. Gustavino, S. L. Mufson, A. Margiotta-Neri, Robert A. Cormack, M. Spinetti, E. Katsuvounidis, Paolo Lipari, Lawrence Sulak, Andrea Carlo Marini, Paul J. Green, V. Valenti, Gianfranca De Rosa, S. L. Nutter, P. Serra Lugaresi, C. Bemporad, R. Antolini, P. Cavallo, G. Giannini, C. Chiera, J. Steele, C. W. Peck, Vincenzo Patera, Fabrizio Cei, G. Ludlam, C. Favuzzi, V. Chiarella, S. R. Klein, Barry C. Barish, A. Sciubba, N. Giglietto, O. Palamara, B. B. Bam, P. Pistilli, P. Monacelli, J. Petrakis, R. Pazzi, Maurizio Spurio, A. Surdo, G. C. Barbarino, G. Battistoni, A. Marzari Chiesa, Eugenio Scapparone, G. Mancarella, Kate Scholberg, R. Liu, W. A. Worstell, S. Parlati, C. Forti, G. Giacomelli, P. Campana, E. Lamanna, C. Okada, E. Kearns, Luciano Ramello, V. Togo, P. Matteuzzi, S. Cecchini, Alec Habig, L. Miller, D. Levin, N. D. Pignatano, A. Baldini, L. Foti, M. Ambrosio, G. Martellotti, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Guarino, Fausto, The MACRO, Collaboration, Bellotti, R, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Decataldo, G, Demarzo, C, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Fusco, P, Giglietto, N, Spinelli, P, Petrakis, J, Antolini, R, Bam, Bb, Cecchini, S, Giacomelli, G, Mandrioli, G, Margiottaneri, A, Matteuzzi, P, Patrizii, L, Predieri, F, Scapparone, E, Lugaresi, P, Spurio, M, Togo, V, Ahlen, S, Cormack, R, Kearns, E, Klein, S, Ludlam, G, Marin, A, Okada, C, Stone, J, Sulak, L, Worstell, W, Barish, B, Coutu, S, Hong, J, Katsuvounidis, E, Kyriazopoulou, S, Liu, G, Liu, R, Michael, D, Peck, C, Pignatano, N, Scholberg, K, Steele, J, Walter, C, Lane, C, Steinberg, R, Battistoni, G, Bilokon, H, Bloise, C, Campana, P, Cavallo, P, Chiarella, V, Forti, C, Grillo, A, Iarocci, E, Marini, A, Patera, V, Ronga, F, Satta, L, Spinetti, M, Valente, V, Gustavino, C, Reynoldson, J, Habig, A, Heinz, R, Miller, L, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nutter, S, Dicredico, A, Monacelli, P, Bernardini, P, Mancarella, G, Martello, D, Palamara, O, Petrera, S, Pistilli, P, Surdo, A, Diehl, E, Levin, D, Longo, M, Smith, C, Tarle, G, Ambrosio, M, Barbarino, Gc, Guarino, F, Osteria, G, Baldini, A, Bemporad, C, Cei, F, Giannini, G, Grassi, M, Pazzi, R, Auriemma, G, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Chiera, C, Chrysicopoulou, P, Corona, A, Devincenzi, M, Foti, L, Lamanna, E, Lipari, P, Martellotti, G, Rosa, G, Sciubba, A, Severi, M, Green, P, Webb, R, Bisi, V, Giubellino, P, Chiesa, Am, Masera, M, Monteno, M, Parlati, S, Ramello, L, and Sitta, M.
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Massless particle, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Neutrino detector, Gravitational collapse, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Macro, Neutrino, Supermodule, Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: The first MACRO lower supermodule has been sensitive to antineutrinos from stellar gravitational collapse since spring 1989. The results with the 44 tonnes of liquid scintillator which have been instrumented to search for stellar gravitational collapse are discussed here.

126. The primary cosmic ray composition between 1015 and 1016 eV from Extensive Air Showers electromagnetic and TeV muon data

Author: Aglietta M., Alessandro B., Antonioli P., Arneodo F., Bergamasco L., Bertaina M., Castagnoli C., Castellina A., Chiavassa A., Cini G., D'Ettorre Piazzoli B., di Sciascio G., Fulgione W., Galeotti P., Ghia P. L., Iacovacci M., Mannocchi G., Morello C., Navarra G., Saavedra O., Stamerra A., Trinchero G. C., Valchierotti S., Vallania P., Vernetto S., Vigorito C., Ambrosio M., Antolini R., Baldini A., Barbarino G. C., Barish B. C., Battistoni G., Bellotti R., Bemporad C., Bernardini P., Bilokon H., Bower C., Brigida M., Bussino S., Cafagna F., Calicchio M., Campana D., Carboni M., Caruso R., Cecchini S., Cei F., Chiarella V., Choudhary B. C., Coutu S., de Cataldo G., Dekhissi H., de Marzo C., de Mitri I., Derkaoui J., de Vincenzi M., di Credico A., Erriquez O., Favuzzi C., Forti C., Fusco P., Giannini G., Giglietto N., Grassi M., Grillo A., Guarino F., Gustavino C., Habig A., Hanson K., Heinz R., Iarocci E., Katsavounidis E., Katsavounidis I., Kearns E., Kim H., Kyriazopoulou S., Lamanna E., Lane C., Levin D. S., Lipari P., Longley N. P., Longo M. J., Loparco F., Maaroufi F., Mancarella G., Mandrioli G., Marini A., Martello D., Marzari Chiesa A., Mazziotta M. N., Michael D. G., Monacelli P., Montaruli T., Monteno M., Mufson S., Musser J., Nicolò D., Nolty R., Orth C., Osteria G., Palamara O., Patera V., Patrizii L., Pazzi R., Peck C. W., Perrone L., Petrera S., Popa V., Rainò A., Reynoldson J., Ronga F., Satriano C., Scapparone E., Scholberg K., Sciubba A., Sitta M., Spinelli P., Spinetti M., Steinberg R., Stone J. L., Sulak L. R., Surdo A., Tarlé G., Togo V., Vakili M., Walter C. W., Webb R., BECHERINI, YVONNE, CHIARUSI, TOMMASO, COZZI, MICHELA, GIACOMELLI, GIORGIO MARIA, GIORGINI, MIRIAM, MARGIOTTA, ANNARITA, SIOLI, MAXIMILIANO, SIRRI, GABRIELE, SPURIO, MAURIZIO, M., Aglietta, B., Alessandro, P., Antonioli, F., Arneodo, L., Bergamasco, M., Bertaina, C., Castagnoli, A., Castellina, A., Chiavassa, G., Cini, B., D’Ettorre Piazzoli, G., Di Sciascio, W., Fulgione, P., Galeotti, P. L., Ghia, M., Iacovacci, G., Mannocchi, C., Morello, G., Navarra, O., Saavedra, A., Stamerra, G. C., Trinchero, S., Valchierotti, P., Vallania, S., Vernetto, C., Vigorito, M., Ambrosio, R., Antolini, A., Baldini, G. C., Barbarino, B. C., Barish, G., Battistoni, Y., Becherini, R., Bellotti, C., Bemporad, Bernardini, Paolo, H., Bilokon, C., Bower, M., Brigida, S., Bussino, F., Cafagna, M., Calicchio, D., Campana, M., Carboni, R., Caruso, S., Cecchini, F., Cei, V., Chiarella, B. C., Choudhary, S., Coutu, M., Cozzi, G., De Cataldo, H., Dekhissi, C., De Marzo, DE MITRI, Ivan, J., Derkaoui, M., De Vincenzi, A., Di Credico, O., Erriquez, C., Favuzzi, C., Forti, P., Fusco, G., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, N., Giglietto, M., Giorgini, M., Grassi, A., Grillo, F., Guarino, C., Gustavino, A., Habig, K., Hanson, R., Heinz, E., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidi, I., Katsavounidi, E., Kearn, H., Kim, S., Kyriazopoulou, E., Lamanna, C., Lane, D. S., Levin, P., Lipari, N. P., Longley, M. J., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Maaroufi, Mancarella, Giovanni, G., Mandrioli, A., Margiotta, A., Marini, Martello, Daniele, A., Marzari Chiesa, M. N., Mazziotta, D. G., Michael, P., Monacelli, T., Montaruli, M., Monteno, S., Mufson, J., Musser, D., Nicolo', R., Nolty, C., Orth, G., Osteria, O., Palamara, V., Patera, L., Patrizii, R., Pazzi, C. W., Peck, Perrone, Lorenzo, S., Petrera, V., Popa, A., Raino', J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, C., Satriano, E., Scapparone, K., Scholberg, A., Sciubba, P., Serra, M., Sioli, G., Sirri, M., Sitta, P., Spinelli, M., Spinetti, M., Spurio, R., Steinberg, J. L., Stone, L. R., Sulak, A., Surdo, G., Tarle', V., Togo, M., Vakili, C. W., Walter, R., Webb, Aglietta M., Alessandro B., Antonioli P., Arneodo F., Bergamasco L., Bertaina M., Castagnoli C., Castellina A., Chiavassa A., Cini G., D'Ettorre Piazzoli B., di Sciascio G., Fulgione W., Galeotti P., Ghia P. L., Iacovacci M., Mannocchi G., Morello C., Navarra G., Saavedra O., Stamerra A., Trinchero G. C., Valchierotti S., Vallania P., Vernetto S., Vigorito C., Ambrosio M., Antolini R., Baldini A., Barbarino G. C., Barish B. C., Battistoni G., Becherini Y., Bellotti R., Bemporad C., Bernardini P., Bilokon H., Bower C., Brigida M., Bussino S., Cafagna F., Calicchio M., Campana D., Carboni M., Caruso R., Cecchini S., Cei F., Chiarella V., Chiarusi T., Choudhary B. C., Coutu S., Cozzi M., de Cataldo G., Dekhissi H., de Marzo C., de Mitri I., Derkaoui J., de Vincenzi M., di Credico A., Erriquez O., Favuzzi C., Forti C., Fusco P., Giacomelli G., Giannini G., Giglietto N., Giorgini M., Grassi M., Grillo A., Guarino F., Gustavino C., Habig A., Hanson K., Heinz R., Iarocci E., Katsavounidis E., Katsavounidis I., Kearns E., Kim H., Kyriazopoulou S., Lamanna E., Lane C., Levin D. S., Lipari P., Longley N. P., Longo M. J., Loparco F., Maaroufi F., Mancarella G., Mandrioli G., Margiotta A., Marini A., Martello D., Marzari-Chiesa A., Mazziotta M. N., Michael D. G., Monacelli P., Montaruli T., Monteno M., Mufson S., Musser J., Nicolò D., Nolty R., Orth C., Osteria G., Palamara O., Patera V., Patrizii L., Pazzi R., Peck C. W., Perrone L., Petrera S., Popa V., Rainò A., Reynoldson J., Ronga F., Satriano C., Scapparone E., Scholberg K., Sciubba A., Sioli M., Sirri G., Sitta M., Spinelli P., Spinetti M., Spurio M., Steinberg R., Stone J. L., Sulak L. R., Surdo A., Tarlé G., Togo V., Vakili M., Walter C. W., and Webb R.
Subjects: Sciami estesi, Raggi cosmici, EAS-TOP, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Muoni sotterranei, High Energy Physics::Experiment, MACRO, Composizione
Abstract: The cosmic ray primary composition in the energy range between 10**15 and 10**16 eV, i.e., around the "knee" of the primary spectrum, has been studied through the combined measurements of the EAS-TOP air shower array (2005 m a.s.l., 10**5 m**2 collecting area) and the MACRO underground detector (963 m a.s.l., 3100 m w.e. of minimum rock overburden, 920 m**2 effective area) at the National Gran Sasso Laboratories. The used observables are the air shower size (Ne) measured by EAS-TOP and the muon number (Nmu) recorded by MACRO. The two detectors are separated on average by 1200 m of rock, and located at a respective zenith angle of about 30 degrees. The energy threshold at the surface for muons reaching the MACRO depth is approximately 1.3 TeV. Such muons are produced in the early stages of the shower development and in a kinematic region quite different from the one relevant for the usual Nmu-Ne studies. The measurement leads to a primary composition becoming heavier at the knee of the primary spectrum, the knee itself resulting from the steepening of the spectrum of a primary light component (p, He). The result confirms the ones reported from the observation of the low energy muons at the surface (typically in the GeV energy range), showing that the conclusions do not depend on the production region kinematics. Thus, the hadronic interaction model used (CORSIKA/QGSJET) provides consistent composition results from data related to secondaries produced in a rapidity region exceeding the central one. Such an evolution of the composition in the knee region supports the "standard" galactic acceleration/propagation models that imply rigidity dependent breaks of the different components, and therefore breaks occurring at lower energies in the spectra of the light nuclei.
Published: 2004

127. High energy cosmic ray physics with underground muons in MACRO .1. Analysis methods and experimental results

Author: Ambrosio, M., Antolini, R., Auriemma, G., Baker, R., Baldini, A., Barbarino, G. C., Barish, B. C., Battistoni, G., Bellotti, R., Bemporad, C., Bernardini, P., Bilokon, H., Bisi, V., Bloise, C., Bosio, T., Bower, C., Bussino, S., Cafagna, F., Calicchio, M., Campana, D., Carboni, M., Castellano, M., Cecchini, S., Cei, F., Chiarella, V., Corona, A., Coutu, S., Decataldo, G., Dekhissi, H., Demarzo, C., Demitri, I., Devincenzi, M., Dicredico, A., Erriquez, O., Fantini, R., Favuzzi, C., Forti, C., Fusco, P., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, G., Giglietto, N., Goretti, M., Grassi, M., Grillo, A., Guarino, F., Guarnaccia, P., Gustavino, C., Habig, A., Hanson, K., Hawthorne, A., Heinz, R., Hong, J. T., Iarocci, Enzo, Katsavounidis, E., Kearns, E., Kyriazopoulou, S., Lamanna, E., Lane, C., Levin, D. S., Lipari, P., Longley, N. P., Longo, M. J., Mancarella, G., Mandrioli, G., Margiottaneri, A., Marini, A., Martello, D., Marzarichiesa, A., Mazziotta, M. N., Michael, D. G., Mikheyev, S., Miller, L., Monacelli, P., Montaruli, T., Monteno, M., Mufson, S., Musser, J., Nicolo, D., Nolty, R., Okada, C., Orth, C., Osteria, G., Palamara, O., Parlati, S., Patera, Vincenzo, Patrizii, L., Pazzi, R., Peck, C. W., Petrera, S., Pistilli, P., Popa, V., Raino, A., Reynoldson, J., Ricciardi, M., Ronga, F., Rubizzo, U., Sanzgiri, A., Sartogo, F., Satriano, C., Satta, Luigi, Scapparone, E., Scholberg, K., Sciubba, Adalberto, Serralugaresi, P., Severi, M., Sitta, M., Spinelli, P., Spinetti, M., Spurio, M., Steinberg, R., Stone, J. L., Sulak, L. R., Surdo, A., Tarle, G., Togo, V., Valente, V., Walter, C. W., Webb, R., Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Auriemma, G, Baker, R, Baldini, A, Barbarino, Gc, Barish, Bc, Battistoni, G, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bisi, V, Bloise, C, Bosio, T, Bower, C, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Castellano, M, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Corona, A, Coutu, S, Decataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, Demarzo, C, Demitri, I, Devincenzi, M, Dicredico, A, Erriquez, O, Fantini, R, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Goretti, M, Grassi, M, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Guarnaccia, P, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Hawthorne, A, Heinz, R, Hong, Jt, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Kearns, E, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, D, Lipari, P, Longley, Np, Longo, Mj, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Margiottaneri, A, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzarichiesa, A, Mazziotta, Mn, Michael, Dg, Mikheyev, S, Miller, L, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Okada, C, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Parlati, S, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, Cw, Petrera, S, Pistilli, P, Popa, V, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ricciardi, M, Ronga, F, Rubizzo, U, Sanzgiri, A, Sartogo, F, Satriano, C, Satta, L, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Serralugaresi, P, Severi, M, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, Jl, Sulak, Lr, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Togo, V, Valente, V, Walter, Cw, Webb, R., M., Ambrosio, R., Antolini, G., Auriemma, R., Baker, A., Baldini, G. C., Barbarino, B. C., Barish, G., Battistoni, R., Bellotti, C., Bemporad, Bernardini, Paolo, H., Bilokon, V., Bisi, C., Bloise, T., Bosio, C., Bower, S., Bussino, F., Cafagna, M., Calicchio, D., Campana, M., Carboni, M., Castellano, S., Cecchini, F., Cei, V., Chiarella, A., Corona, S., Coutu, G., Decataldo, H., Dekhissi, C., Demarzo, DE MITRI, Ivan, M., Devincenzi, A., Dicredico, O., Erriquez, R., Fantini, C., Favuzzi, C., Forti, P., Fusco, G., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, N., Giglietto, M., Goretti, M., Grassi, A., Grillo, F., Guarino, P., Guarnaccia, C., Gustavino, A., Habig, K., Hanson, A., Hawthorne, R., Heinz, J. T., Hong, E., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidi, E., Kearn, S., Kyriazopoulou, E., Lamanna, C., Lane, D. S., Levin, P., Lipari, N. P., Longley, M. J., Longo, Mancarella, Giovanni, G., Mandrioli, A., Margiottaneri, A., Marini, Martello, Daniele, A., Marzarichiesa, M. N., Mazziotta, D. G., Michael, S., Mikheyev, L., Miller, P., Monacelli, T., Montaruli, M., Monteno, S., Mufson, J., Musser, D., Nicolo, R., Nolty, C., Okada, C., Orth, G., Osteria, O., Palamara, S., Parlati, V., Patera, L., Patrizii, R., Pazzi, C. W., Peck, S., Petrera, P., Pistilli, V., Popa, A., Raino, J., Reynoldson, M., Ricciardi, F., Ronga, U., Rubizzo, A., Sanzgiri, F., Sartogo, C., Satriano, L., Satta, E., Scapparone, K., Scholberg, A., Sciubba, P., Serralugaresi, M., Severi, M., Sitta, P., Spinelli, M., Spinetti, M., Spurio, R., Steinberg, J. L., Stone, L. R., Sulak, A., Surdo, G., Tarle, V., Togo, V., Valente, C. W., Walter, and R., Webb
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: In this paper, the first of a two-part work, we present the reconstruction and measurement of muon events detected underground by the MACRO experiment at Gran Sasso (E-mu greater than or equal to 1.3 TeV in atmosphere). The main aim of this work is to discuss the muon multiplicity distribution as measured in the detector. The data sample analyzed consists of 4.4 x 10(6) muon events, of which similar to 263 000 are multiple muons, corresponding to a total live time of 5850 h. In this sample, the observed multiplicities extend above N-mu = 35, with intermuon separations up to 50 m and beyond. Additional complementing measurements, such as the inclusive muon Aux, the angular distribution, and the muon separation distribution (decoherence), are also included. The physical interpretation of the results presented here is reported in the following companion paper.
Published: 1997

128. Search for GUT monopoles with the MACRO streamer tube and track etch systems

Author: Sciubba, A., Ambrosio, M., Antolini, R., Auriemma, G., Baker, R., Baldini, A., Barbarino, Gc, Barish, Bc, Battistoni, G., Bellotti, R., Bemporad, C., Bernardini, P., Bilokon, H., Bisi, V., Bloise, C., Bosio, T., Bower, C., Bussino, S., Cafagna, F., Calicchio, M., Campana, D., Carboni, M., Castelliano, M., Cecchini, S., Cei, F., Chiarella, V., Corona, A., Coutu, S., Decataldo, G., Dekhissi, R., Demarzo, C., Mitri, I., Devincenzi, M., Dicredico, A., Erriquez, O., Fantini, R., Favuzzi, C., Forti, C., Fusco, P., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, G., Giglietto, N., Grassi, M., Grillo, A., Guarino, F., Guarnaccia, P., Gustavino, C., Habig, A., Hanson, K., Hawthorne, A., Heinz, R., Hong, Jt, Iarocci, E., Katsavounidis, E., Kearns, E., Kyriazopoulou, S., Lamanna, E., Lane, C., Levin, Ds, Lipari, P., Liu, G., Liu, R., Longley, Np, Longo, Mj, Lu, Y., Ludlam, G., Mancarella, G., Mandrioli, G., Margiottaneri, A., Marini, A., Martello, D., Marzarichiesa, A., Mazziotta, Mn, Michael, Dg, Mikheyev, S., Miller, L., Mittelbrunn, M., Monacelli, P., Montaruli, T., Monteno, M., Mufson, S., Musser, J., Nicolo, D., Nolty, R., Okada, C., Orth, C., Osteria, G., Palamara, O., Parlati, S., Patera, V., Patrizii, L., Pazzi, R., Peck, Cw, Petrera, S., Pignatano, Nd, Pistilli, P., Popa, V., Raino, A., Reynoldson, J., Ronga, F., Rubizzo, U., Sanzgiri, A., Sartogo, F., Celestina Satriano, Satta, L., Scapparone, E., Scholberg, K., Serralugaresi, P., Severi, M., Sitta, M., Spada, Pf, Spinelli, P., Spinetti, M., Spurio, M., Steinberg, R., Stone, Jl, Sulak, Lr, Surdo, A., Tarle, G., Togo, V., Valente, V., Walter, Cw, Webb, R., M., Ambrosio, R., Antolini, G., Auriemma, R., Baker, A., Baldini, Barbarino, Giancarlo, B., Barish, G., Battistoni, R., Bellotti, C., Bemporad, P., Bernardini, H., Bilokon, V., Bisi, C., Bloise, T., Bosio, C., Bower, S., Bussino, F., Cafagna, M., Calicchio, D., Campana, M., Carboni, M., Castellano, S., Cecchini, F., Cei, V., Chiarella, I., Corona, S., Coutu, G., Decataldo, H., Dekhissi, C., Demarzo, R., Demitri, M., Devincenzi, A., Dicredico, O., Erriquez, R., Fantini, C., Favuzzi, C., Forti, P., Fusco, G., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, N., Giglietto, M., Grassi, A., Grillo, Guarino, Fausto, P., Guarnaccia, C., Gustavino, A., Habig, K., Hanson, A., Hawthorne, R., Heinz, J. T., Hong, E., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidi, E., Kearn, S., Kyriazopoulou, E., Lamanna, C., Lane, D. S., Levin, P., Lipari, G., Liu, R., Liu, N. P., Longley, M. J., Longo, Y., Lu, G., Ludlam, G., Mancarella, G., Mandrioli, A., Margiotta Neri, A., Marini, D., Martello, A., Marzari Chiesa, M. N., Mazziotta, D. G., Michael, S., Mikheyev, L., Miller, M., Mittelbrunn, P., Monacelli, T., Montaruli, M., Monteno, S., Mufson, J., Musser, D., Nicolo, R., Nolty, C., Okada, C., Orth, G., Osteria, O., Palamara, S., Parlati, V., Patera, L., Patrizii, R., Pazzi, C. W., Peck, S., Petrera, N. D., Pignatano, P., Pistilli, V., Popa, A., Raino, J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, U., Rubizzo, A., Sanzgiri, F., Sartogo, C., Satriano, L., Satta, E., Scapparone, K., Scholberg, A., Sciubba, P., Serra Lugaresi, M., Severi, M., Sitta, P. F., Spada, P., Spinelli, M., Spinetti, M., Spurio, R., Steinberg, J. L., Stone, L. R., Sulak, A., Surdo, G., Tarle, V., Togo, V., Valente, C. W., Walter, and R., Webb
Published: 1995

129. Search for fast magnetic monopoles with the MACRO scintillator system

Author: Grassi, M., Ambrosio, M., Antolini, R., Auriemma, G., Baker, R., Baldini, A., Barbarino, Gc, Barish, Bc, Battistoni, G., Bellotti, R., Bemporad, C., Bernardini, P., Bilokon, H., Bisi, V., Bloise, C., Bosio, T., Bower, C., Bussino, S., Cafagna, F., Calicchio, M., Campana, D., Carboni, M., Castellano, M., Cecchini, S., Cei, F., Chiarella, V., Corona, A., Coutu, S., Decataldo, G., Dekhissi, H., Demarzo, C., Mitri, I., Devincenzi, M., Dicredico, A., Erriquez, O., Fantini, R., Favuzzi, C., Forti, C., Fusco, P., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, G., Giglietto, N., Grillo, A., Guarino, F., Guarnaccia, P., Gustavino, C., Habig, A., Hanson, K., Hawthorne, A., Heinz, R., Hong, Jt, Iarocci, E., Katsavounidis, E., Kearns, E., Kyriazopoulou, S., Lamanna, E., Lane, C., Levin, Ds, Lipari, P., Liu, G., Liu, R., Longley, Np, Longo, Mj, Lu, Y., Ludlam, G., Mancarella, G., Mandrioli, G., Margiottaneri, A., Marini, A., Martello, D., Marzarichiesa, A., Mazziotta, Mn, Michael, Dg, Mikheyev, S., Miller, L., Mittelbrunn, M., Monacelli, P., Montaruh, T., Monteno, M., Mufson, S., Musser, J., Nicolo, D., Nolty, R., Okada, C., Orth, C., Osteria, G., Palamara, O., Parlati, S., Patera, V., Patrizii, L., Pazzi, R., Peck, Cw, Petrera, S., Pignatano, Nd, Pistilli, P., Popa, V., Raino, A., Reynoldson, J., Ronga, F., Rubizzo, U., Sanzgiri, A., Sartogo, F., Celestina Satriano, Satta, L., Scapparone, E., Scholberg, K., Sciubba, A., Serralugaresi, P., Severi, M., Sitta, M., Spada, Pf, Spinelli, P., Spinetti, M., Spurio, M., Steinberg, R., Stone, Jl, Sulak, Lr, Surdo, A., Tarle, G., Togo, V., Valente, V., Walter, Cw, Webb, R., M., Ambrosio, R., Antolini, G., Auriemma, R., Baker, A., Baldini, Barbarino, Giancarlo, B., Barish, G., Battistoni, R., Bellotti, C., Bemporad, P., Bernardini, H., Bilokon, V., Bisi, C., Bloise, T., Bosio, C., Bower, S., Bussino, F., Cafagna, M., Calicchio, D., Campana, M., Carboni, M., Castellano, S., Cecchini, F., Cei, V., Chiarella, I., Corona, S., Coutu, G., Decataldo, H., Dekhissi, C., Demarzo, R., Demitri, M., Devincenzi, A., Dicredico, O., Erriquez, R., Fantini, C., Favuzzi, C., Forti, P., Fusco, G., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, N., Giglietto, M., Grassi, A., Grillo, Guarino, Fausto, P., Guarnaccia, C., Gustavino, A., Habig, K., Hanson, A., Hawthorne, R., Heinz, J. T., Hong, E., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidi, E., Kearn, S., Kyriazopoulou, E., Lamanna, C., Lane, D. S., Levin, P., Lipari, G., Liu, R., Liu, N. P., Longley, M. J., Longo, Y., Lu, G., Ludlam, G., Mancarella, G., Mandrioli, A., Margiotta Neri, A., Marini, D., Martello, A., Marzari Chiesa, M. N., Mazziotta, D. G., Michael, S., Mikheyev, L., Miller, M., Mittelbrunn, P., Monacelli, T., Montaruli, M., Monteno, S., Mufson, J., Musser, D., Nicolo, R., Nolty, C., Okada, C., Orth, G., Osteria, O., Palamara, S., Parlati, V., Patera, L., Patrizii, R., Pazzi, C. W., Peck, S., Petrera, N. D., Pignatano, P., Pistilli, V., Popa, A., Raino, J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, U., Rubizzo, A., Sanzgiri, F., Sartogo, C., Satriano, L., Satta, E., Scapparone, K., Scholberg, A., Sciubba, P., Serra Lugaresi, M., Severi, M., Sitta, P. F., Spada, P., Spinelli, M., Spinetti, M., Spurio, R., Steinberg, J. L., Stone, L. R., Sulak, A., Surdo, G., Tarle, V., Togo, V., Valente, C. W., Walter, and R., Webb
Published: 1995

130. Muon astronomy and seasonal variations of the underground muon flux with MACRO

Author: Ambrosio, M., Antolini, R., Auriemma, G., Baker, R., Baldini, A., Barbarino, Gc, Barish, Bc, Battistoni, G., Bellotti, R., Bemporad, C., Bernardini, P., Bilokon, H., Bisi, V., Bloise, C., Bosio, T., Bower, C., Bussino, S., Cafagna, F., Calicchio, M., Campana, D., Carboni, M., Castellano, M., Cecchini, S., Cei, F., Chiarella, V., Corona, A., Coutu, S., Decataldo, G., Dekhissi, H., Demarzo, C., Mitri, I., Devincenzi, M., Dicredico, A., Erriquez, O., Fantini, R., Favuzzi, C., Forti, C., Fusco, P., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, G., Giglietto, N., Grassi, M., Grillo, A., Guarino, F., Guarnaccia, P., Gustavino, C., Habig, A., Hanson, K., Hawthorne, A., Heinz, R., Hong, Jt, Iarocci, E., Katsavounidis, E., Kearns, E., Kyriazopoulou, S., Lamanna, E., Lane, C., Levin, Ds, Lipari, P., Liu, G., Liu, R., Longley, Np, Longo, Mj, Lu, Y., Ludlam, G., Mancarella, G., Mandrioli, G., Margiottaneri, A., Marini, A., Martello, D., Marzarichiesa, A., Mazziotta, Mn, Michael, Dg, Mikheyev, S., Miller, L., Mittelbrunn, M., Monacelli, P., Montaruli, T., Monteno, M., Mufson, S., Musser, J., Nicolo, D., Nolty, R., Okada, C., Orth, C., Osteria, G., Palamara, O., Parlati, S., Patera, V., Patrizii, L., Pazzi, R., Peck, Cw, Petrera, S., Pignatano, Nd, Pistilli, P., Popa, V., Raino, A., Reynoldson, J., Ronga, F., Rubizzo, U., Sanzgiri, A., Sartogo, F., Celestina Satriano, Satta, L., Scapparone, E., Scholberg, K., Sciubba, A., Serralugaresi, P., Severi, M., Sitta, M., Spada, Pf, Spinelli, P., Spinetti, M., Spurio, M., Steinberg, R., Stone, Jl, Sulak, Lr, Surdo, A., Tarle, G., Togo, V., Valente, V., Walter, Cw, Webb, R., M., Ambrosio, R., Antolini, G., Auriemma, R., Baker, A., Baldini, Barbarino, Giancarlo, B., Barish, G., Battistoni, R., Bellotti, C., Bemporad, P., Bernardini, H., Bilokon, V., Bisi, C., Bloise, T., Bosio, C., Bower, S., Bussino, F., Cafagna, M., Calicchio, D., Campana, M., Carboni, M., Castellano, S., Cecchini, F., Cei, V., Chiarella, I., Corona, S., Coutu, G., Decataldo, H., Dekhissi, C., Demarzo, R., Demitri, M., Devincenzi, A., Dicredico, O., Erriquez, R., Fantini, C., Favuzzi, C., Forti, P., Fusco, G., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, N., Giglietto, M., Grassi, A., Grillo, Guarino, Fausto, P., Guarnaccia, C., Gustavino, A., Habig, K., Hanson, A., Hawthorne, R., Heinz, J. T., Hong, E., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidi, E., Kearn, S., Kyriazopoulou, E., Lamanna, C., Lane, D. S., Levin, P., Lipari, G., Liu, R., Liu, N. P., Longley, M. J., Longo, Y., Lu, G., Ludlam, G., Mancarella, G., Mandrioli, A., Margiotta Neri, A., Marini, D., Martello, A., Marzari Chiesa, M. N., Mazziotta, D. G., Michael, S., Mikheyev, L., Miller, M., Mittelbrunn, P., Monacelli, T., Montaruli, M., Monteno, S., Mufson, J., Musser, D., Nicolo, R., Nolty, C., Okada, C., Orth, G., Osteria, O., Palamara, S., Parlati, V., Patera, L., Patrizii, R., Pazzi, C. W., Peck, S., Petrera, N. D., Pignatano, P., Pistilli, V., Popa, A., Raino, J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, U., Rubizzo, A., Sanzgiri, F., Sartogo, C., Satriano, L., Satta, E., Scapparone, K., Scholberg, A., Sciubba, P., Serra Lugaresi, M., Severi, M., Sitta, P. F., Spada, P., Spinelli, M., Spinetti, M., Spurio, R., Steinberg, J. L., Stone, L. R., Sulak, A., Surdo, G., Tarle, V., Togo, V., Valente, C. W., Walter, and R., Webb
Published: 1995

131. Overview Of The Macro Detector At The Gran Sasso Laboratory

Author: Bellotti, R., Cafagna, F., Calicchio, M., Cataldo, G., Marzo, C., Erriquez, O., Favuzzi, C., Giglietto, N., Nappi, E., Spinelli, P., Cecchini, S., Giacomelli, G., Mandrioli, G., Margiotta-Neri, A., Matteuzzi, P., Pal, B., Patrizii, L., Predieri, F., Sanzani, G. L., Serra, P., Spurio, M., Ahlen, S. P., Ficenec, D., Hazen, E., Klein, S., Levin, D., Marin, A., Stone, J. L., Sulak, L. R., Worstell, W., Barish, B., Coutu, S., Hong, J. T., Liu, G., Peck, C., Solie, D., Steele, J., Lane, Charles E., Steinberg, R., Battistoni, G., Bilokon, H., Bloise, C., Campana, P., Chiarella, V., Forti, C., Grillo, A., Iarocci, E., Marini, A., Patera, V., Reynoldson, J., Ronga, F., Satta, L., Spinetti, M., Valente, V., Bower, C., Heinz, R., Mufson, Stuart L., Petrakis, J., Monacelli, Piero, Bernardini, P., Mancarella, G., Palamara, O., Pistilli, P., Surdo, A., Longo, M., Musser, J., Smith, C., Tarle, G., Ambrosio, M., Barbarino, G. C., Guarino, F., Baldini, A., Bemporad, C., Flaminio, V., Giannini, G., Grassi, M., Pazzi, R., Auriemma, G., Chrysicopoulou, P., Vincenzi, M., Iori, M., Ernesto Lamanna, Lipari, P., Martellotti, G., Petrera, S., Petrillo, L., Rosa, G., Sciubba, A., Severi, M., Green, P., Webb, R., Bisi, V., Giubellino, P., Marzari-Chiesa, A., Masera, M., Monteno, M., Ramello, L., R., Bellotti, F., Cafagna, M., Calicchio, G., de Cataldo, C., de Marzo, O., Erriquez, C., Favuzzi, N., Giglietto, E., Nappi, P., Spinelli, S., Cecchini, G., Giacomelli, G., Mandrioli, A., Margiotta Neri, P., Matteuzzi, B., Pal, L., Patrizii, F., Predieri, L. G., Sanzani, P., Serra, M., Spurio, P. S., Ahlen, D., Ficenec, E., Hazen, S., Klein, D., Levin, A., Marin, L. J., Stone, R. L., Sulak, W., Worstell, B., Barish, S., Coutu, Tao J., Hong, G., Liu, C., Peck, D., Solie, J., Steele, C., Lane, R., Steinberg, G., Battistoni, H., Bilokon, C., Bloise, P., Campana, V., Chiarella, C., Forti, A., Grillo, E., Iarocci, A., Marini, V., Patera, J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, L., Satta, M., Spinetti, V., Valente, C., Bower, R., Heinz, S., Mufson, J., Petraki, P., Monacelli, P., Bernardini, G., Mancarella, O., Palamara, P., Pistilli, A., Surdo, M., Longo, J., Musser, C., Smith, G., Tarle, M., Ambrosio, Barbarino, Giancarlo, Guarino, Fausto, A., Baldini, C., Bemporad, V., Flaminio, G., Giannini, M., Grassi, R., Pazzi, G., Auriemma, P., Chrysicopoulon, M., Devincenzi, M., Iori, E., Lamanna, P., Lipari, G., Martellotti, S., Petrera, L., Petrillo, G., Rosa, A., Sciubba, M., Severi, P., Green, R., Webb, V., Bisi, P., Giubellino, A., Marzari Chiesa, M., Masera, M., Monteno, and L., Ramello
Subjects: MACRO, Gran Sasso, Detector
Published: 1990

132. First Results From The Macro Detector At The Gran Sasso Laboratory

Author: Bellotti, R., Cafagna, F., Calicchio, M., De Cataldo, G., De Marzo, C., Erriquez, O., Favuzzi, C., Giglietto, N., Nappi, E., Spinelli, P., Cecchini, S., Giacomelli, G., Mandrioli, G., Margiotta Neri, A., Matteuzzi, P., Pal, B., Patrizii, L., Predieri, F., Sanzani, G. L., Serra, P., Spurio, M., Ahlen, S. P., Ficenec, D., Hazen, E., Klein, S., Levin, D., Marin, A., Stone, J. L., Sulak, L. R., Worstell, W., Barish, B., Coutu, S., Hong, J. T., Liu, G., Peck, C., Solie, D., Steele, J., Lane, Charles E., Steinberg, R., Battistoni, G., Bilokon, H., Bloise, C., Campana, P., Chiarella, V., Forti, C., Grillo, A. F., Iarocci, E., Marini, A., Patera, Vincenzo, Reynoldson, J., Ronga, F., Satta, L., Spinetti, M., Valente, V., Bower, C., Heinz, R., Mufson, Stuart L., Petrakis, J., Piero, Monacelli, Bernardini, P., Mancarella, G., Palamara, O., Pistilli, P., Surdo, A., Longo, M., Musser, J., Smith, C., Tarle, G., Ambrosio, M., Barbarino, G. C., Guarino, F., Baldini, A., Bemporad, C., Flaminio, V., Giannini, G., Grassi, M., Pazzi, R., Auriemma, G., Chrysicopoulou, P., Devincenzi, M., Iori, M., Lamanna, E., Lipari, P., Martellotti, G., Petrera, S., Petrillo, L., Rosa, Giovanni, Sciubba, Adalberto, Severi, M., Green, P., Webb, R., Bisi, V., Giubellino, P., Marzari Chiesa, A., Masera, M., Monteno, M., Ramello, L., M., Calicchio, G., De Cataldo, C., De Marzo, O., Erriquez, C., Favuzzi, N., Giglietto, E., Nappi, P., Spinelli, S., Cecchini, M., Fabbri, G., Giacomelli, G., Mandrioli, P., Matteuzzi, B., Pal, L., Patrizii, F., Predieri, G. L., Sanzani, P., Serra, M., Spurio, G. P., Sini, V., Togo, S. P., Ahlen, D., Ficenec, E., Hazen, S., Klein, D., Levin, A., Marin, J. L., Stone, L. R., Sulak, W., Worstell, B., Barish, S., Coutu, J. T., Hong, G., Liu, C., Peck, D., Solie, J., Steele, C., Lane, R., Steinberg, G., Battistoni, H., Bilokon, C., Bloise, P., Campana, V., Chiarella, C., Forti, A., Grillo, E., Iarocci, A., Marini, V., Patera, J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, L., Satta, M., Spinetti, V., Valente, C., Bower, R., Heinz, S., Mufson, J., Petraki, P., Monacelli, P., Bernardini, G., Mancarella, O., Palamara, P., Pistilli, A., Surdo, M., Longo, J., Musser, C., Smith, G., Tarlé, M., Ambrosio, Barbarino, Giancarlo, M., Fiore, A., Baldini, C., Bemporad, V., Flaminio, G., Giannini, M., Grassi, R., Pazzi, G., Auriemma, M., Devincenzi, M., Iori, E., Lamanna, P., Lipari, G., Martellotti, S., Petrera, L., Petrillo, G., Rosa, A., Sciubba, M., Severi, P., Green, R., Webb, V., Bisi, P., Giubellino, A., Marzari Chiesa, M., Masera, M., Monteno, and L., Ramello
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Detector, Magnetic Monopole, MACRO, computer.software_genre, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Particle detector, Gran Sasso, cosmic rays, Nuclear physics, Operating system, Cosmic muons, Macro, computer
Published: 1990

133. Measurement of the energy spectrum of underground muons at Gran Sasso with a transition radiation detector

Author: Ambrosio, M., Antolini, R., Aramo, C., Auriemma, G., Baldini, A., Barbarino, G. C., Barish, B. C., Battistoni, G., Bellotti, R., Bemporad, C., Bernardini, P., Bilokon, H., Bisi, V., Bloise, C., Bower, C., Bussino, S., Cafagna, F., Calicchio, M., Campana, D., Carboni, M., Castellano, M., Cecchini, S., Cei, F., Chiarella, V., Choudhary, B. C., Coutu, S., Benedictis, L., Dc Cataldo, G., Dekhissi, H., Marzo, C., Mitri, I., Derkaoui, J., Vincenzi, M., Di Credico, A., Erriquez, O., Favuzzi, C., Forti, C., Fusco, P., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, G., Giglietto, N., Giorgini, M., Grassi, M., Gray, L., Grillo, A., Guarino, F., Guarnaccia, P., Gustavino, C., Habig, A., Hanson, K., Heinz, R., Huang, Y., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidis, E., Kearns, E., Kim, H., Kyriazopoulou, S., Lamanna, E., Lane, C., Levin, D. S., Lipari, P., Longley, N. P., Longo, M. J., Maaroufi, F., Mancarella, G., Mandrioli, G., Manzoor, S., Neri, A. M., Marini, A., Martello, D., Marzari-Chiesa, A., Mazziotta, M. N., Mazzotta, C., Michael, D. G., Mikheyev, S., Miller, L., Monacelli, P., Montarali, T., Monteno, M., Mufson, S., Musser, J., Nicoló, D., Orth, C., Osteria, G., Ouchrif, M., Palamara, O., Patera, V., Patrizii, L., Pazzi, R., Peck, C. W., Petrera, S., Pistilli, P., Popa, V., Pugliese, V., Rainò, A., Reynoldson, J., Ronga, F., Rubizzo, U., Satriano, C., Satta, L., Scapparone, E., Scholberg, K., Adalberto Sciubba, Serra-Lugaresi, P., Severi, M., Sioli, M., Sitta, M., Spinelli, P., Spinetti, M., Spurio, M., Steinberg, R., Stone, J. L., Sulak, L. R., Surdo, A., Tarlè, G., Togo, V., Ugolotti, D., Vakili, M., Walter, C. W., Webb, R., Barbarino, Giancarlo, Guarino, Fausto, M., Ambrosio, R., Antolini, C., Aramo, G., Auriemma, A., Baldini, G. C., Barbarino, B. C., Barish, G., Battistoni, R., Bellotti, C., Bemporad, P., Bernardini, H., Bilokon, V., Bisi, C., Bloise, C., Bower, S., Bussino, F., Cafagna, M., Calicchio, D., Campana, M., Carboni, M., Castellano, S., Cecchini, F., Cei, V., Chiarella, B. C., Choudhary, S., Coutu, L., De Benedicti, G., De Cataldo, H., Dekhissi, C., De Marzo, DE MITRI, Ivan, J., Derkaoui, M., De Vincenzi, A., Di Credico, O., Erriquez, C., Favuzzi, C., Forti, P., Fusco, G., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, N., Giglietto, M., Giorgini, M., Grassi, L., Gray, A., Grillo, F., Guarino, P., Guarnaccia, C., Gustavino, A., Habig, K., Hanson, R., Heinz, Y., Huang, E., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidi, E., Kearn, H., Kim, S., Kyriazopoulou, E., Lamanna, C., Lane, D. S., Levin, P., Lipari, N. P., Longley, M. J., Longo, F., Maaroufi, Mancarella, Giovanni, G., Mandrioli, S., Manzoor, A., Margiotta Neri, A., Marini, Martello, Daniele, A., Marzari Chiesa, M. N., Mazziotta, C., Mazzotta, D. G., Michael, S., Mikheyev, L., Miller, P., Monacelli, T., Montaruli, M., Monteno, S., Mufson, J., Musser, D., Nicoló, C., Orth, G., Osteria, M., Ouchrif, O., Palamara, V., Patera, L., Patrizii, R., Pazzi, C. W., Peck, S., Petrera, P., Pistilli, V., Popa, V., Pugliese, A., Rainò, J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, U., Rubizzo, C., Satriano, L., Satta, E., Scapparone, K., Scholberg, A., Sciubba, P., Serra Lugaresi, M., Severi, M., Sioli, M., Sitta, P., Spinelli, M., Spinetti, M., Spurio, R., Steinberg, J. L., Stone, L. R., Sulak, A., Surdo, G., Tarlè, V., Togo, D., Ugolotti, M., Vakili, C. W., Walter, R., Webb, Ambrosio M., Antolini R., Aramo C., Auriemma G., Baldini A., Barbarino G.C., Barish B.C., Battistoni G., Bellotti R., Bemporad C., Bernardini P., Bilokon H., Bisi V., Bloise C., Bower C., Bussino S., Cafagna F., Calicchio M., Campana D., Carboni M., Castellano M., Cecchini S., Cei F., Chiarella V., Choudhary B.C., Coutu S., de Benedictis L., Dc Cataldo G., Dekhissi H., de Marzo C., de Mitri I., Derkaoui J., de Vincenzi M., Di Credico A., Erriquez O., Favuzzi C., Forti C., Fusco P., Giacomelli G., Giannini G., Giglietto N., Giorgini M., Grassi M., Gray L., Grillo A., Guarino F., Guarnaccia P., Gustavino C., Habig A., Hanson K., Heinz R., Huang Y., Iarocci E., Katsavounidis E., Kearns E., Kim H., Kyriazopoulou S., Lamanna E., Lane C., Levin D.S., Lipari P., Longley N.P., Longo M.J., Maaroufi F., Mancarella G., Mandrioli G., Manzoor S., Neri A.M., Marini A., Martello D., Marzari-Chiesa A., Mazziotta M.N., Mazzotta C., Michael D.G., Mikheyev S., Miller L., Monacelli P., Montarali T., Monteno M., Mufson S., Musser J., Nicolo D., Orth C., Osteria G., Ouchrif M., Palamara O., Patera V., Patrizii L., Pazzi R., Peck C.W., Petrera S., Pistilli P., Popa V., Pugliese V., Raino A., Reynoldson J., Ronga F., Rubizzo U., Satriano C., Satta L., Scapparone E., Scholberg K., Sciubba A., Serra-Lugaresi P., Severi M., Sioli M., Sitta M., Spinelli P., Spinetti M., Spurio M., Steinberg R., Stone J.L., Sulak L.R., Surdo A., Tarle G., Togo V., Ugolotti D., Vakili M., Walter C.W., and Webb R.
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Energy loss, Range (particle radiation), Astrophysics and Astronomy, Muon, Cosmic ray muons, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Transition radiation detector, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Energy spectrum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, MACRO: Gran Sasso, Nuclear Experiment, Energy (signal processing), Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We have measured directly the residual energy of cosmic ray muons crossing the MACRO detector at the Gran Sasso Laboratory. For this measurement we have used a transition radiation detector consisting of three identical modules, each of about 12 m^2 area, operating in the energy region from 100 GeV to 1 TeV. The results presented here were obtained with the first module collecting data for more than two years. The average single muon energy is found to be 320 +/- 4 (stat.) +/- 11 (syst.) GeV in the rock depth range 3000-6500 hg/cm^2. The results are in agreement with calculations of the energy loss of muons in the rock above the detector., 21 pages with 9 figures

134. Measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-induced upgoing muon flux using MACRO

Author: Ambrosio, M., Antolini, R., Aramo, C., Auriemma, G., Baldini, A., Barbarino, G. C., Barish, B. C., Battistoni, G., Bellotti, R., Bemporad, C., Bernardini, P., Bilokon, H., Bisi, V., Bloise, C., Bower, C., Bussino, S., Cafagna, F., Calicchio, M., Campana, D., Carboni, M., Castellano, M., Cecchini, S., Cei, F., Chiarella, V., Choudhary, B. C., Coutu, S., Benedictis, L., Cataldo, G., Dekhissi, H., Marzo, C., Mitri, I., Derkaoui, J., Vincenzi, M., Di Credico, A., Erriquez, O., Favuzzi, C., Forti, C., Fusco, P., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, G., Giglietto, N., Giorgini, M., Grassi, M., Gray, L., Grillo, A., Guarino, F., Guarnaccia, P., carlo gustavino, Habig, A., Hanson, K., Hawthorne, A., Heinz, R., Huang, Y., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidis, E., Katsavounidis, I., Kearns, E., Kim, H., Kyriazopoulou, S., Lamanna, E., Lane, C., Levin, D. S., Lipari, P., Longley, N. P., Longo, M. J., Maaroufi, F., Mancarella, G., Mandrioli, G., Manzoor, S., Margiotta Neri, A., Marini, A., Martello, D., Marzari-Chiesa, A., Mazziotta, M. N., Mazzotta, C., Michael, D. G., Mikheyev, S., Miller, L., Monacelli, P., Montaruli, T., Monteno, M., Mufson, S., Musser, J., Nicolo, D., Nolty, R., Okada, C., Orth, C., Osteria, G., Ouchrif, M., Palamara, O., Patera, V., Patrizii, L., Pazzi, R., Peck, C. W., Petrera, S., Pistilli, P., Popa, V., Pugliese, V., Raino, A., Reynoldson, J., Ronga, F., Rubizzo, U., Sanzgiri, A., Satriano, C., Satta, L., Scapparone, E., Scholberg, K., Sciubba, A., Serra-Lugaresi, P., Severi, M., Sioli, M., Sitta, M., Spinelli, P., Spinetti, M., Spurio, M., Steinberg, R., Stone, J. L., Sulak, L. R., Surdo, A., Tarle, G., Togo, V., Ugolotti, D., Vakili, M., Walter, C. W., Webb, R., Barbarino, Giancarlo, Guarino, Fausto, M., Ambrosio, R., Antolini, C., Aramo, G., Auriemma, A., Baldini, G. C., Barbarino, B. C., Barish, G., Battistoni, R., Bellotti, C., Bemporad, P., Bernardini, H., Bilokon, V., Bisi, C., Bloise, C., Bower, S., Bussino, F., Cafagna, M., Calicchio, D., Campana, M., Carboni, M., Castellano, S., Cecchini, F., Cei, V., Chiarella, B. C., Choudhary, S., Coutu, L., De Benedicti, G., De Cataldo, H., Dekhissi, C., De Marzo, DE MITRI, Ivan, J., Derkaoui, M., De Vincenzi, A., Di Credico, O., Erriquez, C., Favuzzi, C., Forti, P., Fusco, G., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, N., Giglietto, M., Giorgini, M., Grassi, L., Gray, A., Grillo, F., Guarino, P., Guarnaccia, C., Gustavino, A., Habig, K., Hanson, A., Hawthorne, R., Heinz, Y., Huang, E., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidi, I., Katsavounidi, E., Kearn, H., Kim, S., Kyriazopoulou, E., Lamanna, C., Lane, D. S., Levin, P., Lipari, N. P., Longley, M. J., Longo, F., Maaroufi, Mancarella, Giovanni, G., Mandrioli, S., Manzoor, A., Margiotta Neri, A., Marini, Martello, Daniele, A., Marzari Chiesa, M. N., Mazziotta, C., Mazzotta, D. G., Michael, S., Mikheyev, L., Miller, P., Monacelli, T., Montaruli, M., Monteno, S., Mufson, J., Musser, D., Nicoló, R., Nolty, C., Okada, C., Orth, G., Osteria, M., Ouchrif, O., Palamara, V., Patera, L., Patrizii, R., Pazzi, C. W., Peck, S., Petrera, P., Pistilli, V., Popa, V., Pugliese, A., Rainó, J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, U., Rubizzo, A., Sanzgiri, C., Satriano, L., Satta, E., Scapparone, K., Scholberg, A., Sciubba, P., Serra Lugaresi, M., Severi, M., Sioli, M., Sitta, P., Spinelli, M., Spinetti, M., Spurio, R., Steinberg, J. L., Stone, L. R., Sulak, A., Surdo, G., Tarlé, V., Togo, D., Ugolotti, M., Vakili, C. W., Walter, R., Webb, Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Aramo, C, Auriemma, G, Baldini, A, Barbarino, Gc, Barish, Bc, Battistoni, G, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bisi, V, Bloise, C, Bower, C, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Castellano, M, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Choudhary, Bc, Coutu, S, De Benedictis, L, De Cataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, De Marzo, C, De Mitri, I, Derkaoui, J, De Vincenzi, M, Di Credico, A, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Giorgini, M, Grassi, M, Gray, L, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Guarnaccia, P, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Hawthorne, A, Heinz, R, Huang, Y, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Katsavounidis, I, Kearns, E, Kim, H, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, D, Lipari, P, Longley, Np, Longo, Mj, Maaroufi, F, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Manzoor, S, Neri, Am, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzari Chiesa, A, Mazziotta, Mn, Mazzotta, C, Michael, Dg, Mikheyev, S, Miller, L, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Okada, C, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Ouchrif, M, Palamara, O, Patera, V, Patrizii, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, Cw, Petrera, S, Pistilli, P, Popa, V, Pugliese, V, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Rubizzo, U, Sanzgiri, A, Satriano, C, Satta, L, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Serra Lugaresi, P, Severi, M, Sioli, M, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, Jl, Sulak, Lr, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Togo, V, Ugolotti, D, Vakili, M, Walter, Cw, Webb, R., Ambrosio M., Antolini R., Aramo C., Auriemma G., Baldini A., Barbarino G.C., Barish B.C., Battistoni G., Bellotti R., Bemporad C., Bernardini P., Bilokon H., Bisi V., Bloise C., Bower C., Bussino S., Cafagna F., Calicchio M., Campana D., Carboni M., Castellano M., Cecchini S., Cei F., Chiarella V., Choudhary B.C., Coutu S., de Benedictis L., de Cataldo G., Dekhissi H., de Marzo C., de Mitri I., Derkaoui J., de Vincenzi M., di Credico A., Erriquez O., Favuzzi C., Forti C., Fusco P., Giacomelli G., Giannini G., Giglietto N., Giorgini M., Grassi M., Gray L., Grillo A., Guarino F., Guarnaccia P., Gustavino C., Habig A., Hanson K., Hawthorne A., Heinz R., Huang Y., Iarocci E., Katsavounidis E., Katsavounidis I., Kearns E., Kim H., Kyriazopoulou S., Lamanna E., Lane C., Levin D.S., Lipari P., Longley N.P., Longo M.J., Maaroufi F., Mancarella G., Mandrioli G., Manzoor S., Margiotta Neri A., Marini A., Martello D., Marzari-Chiesa A., Mazziotta M.N., Mazzotta C., Michael D.G., Mikheyev S., Miller L., Monacelli P., Montaruli T., Monteno M., Mufson S., Musser J., Nicolo D., Nolty R., Okada C., Orth C., Osteria G., Ouchrif M., Palamara O., Patera V., Patrizii L., Pazzi R., Peck C.W., Petrera S., Pistilli P., Popa V., Pugliese V., Raino A., Reynoldson J., Ronga F., Rubizzo U., Sanzgiri A., Satriano C., Satta L., Scapparone E., Scholberg K., Sciubba A., Serra-Lugaresi P., Severi M., Sioli M., Sitta M., Spinelli P., Spinetti M., Spurio M., Steinberg R., Stone J.L., Sulak L.R., Surdo A., Tarle G., Togo V., Ugolotti D., Vakili M., Walter C.W., and Webb R.
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, neutrino oscillations, Muon, Oscillation, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, MACRO, Gran Sasso, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Distribution (mathematics), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Macro, Neutrino oscillation, Zenith
Abstract: We present a measurement of the flux of neutrino-induced upgoing muons (~100 GeV) using the MACRO detector. The ratio of the number of observed to expected events integrated over all zenith angles is 0.74 +/- 0.036 (stat) +/- 0.046(systematic) +/- 0.13 (theoretical). The observed zenith distribution for -1.0 < cos(theta) < -0.1 does not fit well with the no oscillation expectation, giving a maximum probability for chi^2 of 0.1%. The acceptance of the detector has been extensively studied using downgoing muons, independent analyses and Monte-Carlo simulations. The other systematic uncertainties cannot be the source of the discrepancies between the data and expectations. We have investigated whether the observed number of events and the shape of the zenith distribution can be explained by a neutrino oscillation hypothesis. Fitting either the flux or zenith distribution independently yields mixing parameters of sin^2 (2theta)=1.0 and delta m^2 of a few times 10^-3 eV^2. However, the observed zenith distribution does not fit well with any expectations giving a maximum probability for chi^2 of 5% for the best oscillation hypothesis, and the combined probability for the shape and number of events is 17%. We conclude that these data favor a neutrino oscillation hypothesis, but with unexplained structure in the zenith distribution not easily explained by either the statistics or systematics of the experiment., Comment: 7 pages (two-column) with 4 figures

135. The observation of up-going charged particles produced by high energy muons in underground detectors

Author: Ambrosio, M., Antolini, R., Aramo, C., Auriemma, G., Baldini, A., Barbarino, G. C., Barish, B. C., Battistoni, G., Bellotti, R., Bemporad, C., Bernardini, P., Bilokon, H., Bisi, V., Bloise, C., Bower, C., Bussino, S., Cafagna, F., Calicchio, M., Campana, D., Carboni, M., Castellano, M., Cecchini, S., Fabrizio Cei, Chiarella, V., Coutu, S., Cunti, G., Benedictis, L., Cataldo, G., Dekhissi, H., Marzo, C., Mitri, I., Vincenzi, M., Di Credico, A., Erriquez, O., Favuzzi, C., Forti, C., Fusco, P., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, G., Giglietto, N., Grassi, M., Gray, L., Grillo, A., Guarino, F., Guarnaccia, P., Gustavino, C., Habig, A., Hanson, K., Hawthorne, A., Heinz, R., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidis, E., Kearns, E., Kyriazopoulou, S., Lamanna, E., Lane, C., Levin, D. S., Lipari, P., Longley, N. P., Longo, M. J., Maaroufi, F., Mancarella, G., Mandrioli, G., Manzoor, S., Margiotta Neri, A., Marini, A., Martello, D., Marzari-Chiesa, A., Mazziotta, M. N., Mazzotta, C., Michael, D. G., Mikheyev, S., Miller, L., Monacelli, P., Montaruli, T., Monteno, M., Mufson, S., Musser, J., Nicoló, D., Nolty, R., Okada, C., Orth, C., Osteria, G., Palamara, O., Patera, V., Patrizii, L., Pazzi, R., Peck, C. W., Petrera, S., Pistilli, P., Popa, V., Pugliese, V., Rainó, A., Reynoldson, J., Ronga, F., Rubizzo, U., Sanzgiri, A., Satriano, C., Satta, L., Scapparone, E., Scholberg, K., Sciubba, A., Serra-Lugaresi, P., Severi, M., Sioli, M., Sitta, M., Spinelli, P., Spinetti, M., Spurio, M., Steinberg, R., Stone, J. L., Sulak, L. R., Surdo, A., Tarlé, G., Togo, V., Walter, C. W., Webb, R., M., Ambrosio, R., Antolini, C., Aramo, G., Auriemma, A., Baldini, Barbarino, Giancarlo, B. C., Barish, G., Battistoni, R., Bellotti, C., Bemporad, P., Bernardini, H., Bilokon, V., Bisi, C., Bloise, C., Bower, S., Bussino, F., Cafagna, M., Calicchio, D., Campana, M., Carboni, M., Castellano, S., Cecchini, F., Cei, V., Chiarella, S., Coutu, G., Cunti, L., De Benedicti, G., De Cataldo, H., Dekhissi, C., De Marzo, I., De Mitri, M., De Vincenzi, A., Di Credico, O., Erriquez, C., Favuzzi, C., Forti, P., Fusco, G., Giacomelli, G., Giannini, N., Giglietto, M., Grassi, L., Gray, A., Grillo, Guarino, Fausto, P., Guarnaccia, C., Gustavino, A., Habig, K., Hanson, A., Hawthorne, R., Heinz, E., Iarocci, E., Katsavounidi, E., Kearn, S., Kyriazopoulou, E., Lamanna, C., Lane, D. S., Levin, P., Lipari, N. P., Longley, M. J., Longo, F., Maaroufi, G., Mancarella, G., Mandrioli, S., Manzoor, A., Margiotta Neri, A., Marini, D., Martello, A., Marzari Chiesa, M. N., Mazziotta, C., Mazzotta, D. G., Michael, S., Mikheyev, L., Miller, P., Monacelli, T., Montaruli, M., Monteno, S., Mufson, J., Musser, D., Nicoló, R., Nolty, C., Okada, C., Orth, G., Osteria, O., Palamara, V., Patera, L., Patrizii, R., Pazzi, C. W., Peck, S., Petrera, P., Pistilli, V., Popa, V., Pugliese, A., Rainó, J., Reynoldson, F., Ronga, U., Rubizzo, A., Sanzgiri, C., Satriano, L., Satta, E., Scapparone, K., Scholberg, A., Sciubba, P., Serra Lugaresi, M., Severi, M., Sioli, M., Sitta, P., Spinelli, M., Spinetti, M., Spurio, R., Steinberg, J. L., Stone, L. R., Sulak, A., Surdo, G., Tarlé, V., Togo, C. W., Walter, R., Webb, Ambrosio M., Antolini R., Aramo C., Auriemma G., Baldini A., Barbarino G.C., Barish B.C., Battistoni G., Bellotti R., Bemporad C., Bernardini P., Bilokon H., Bisi V., Bloise C., Bower C., Bussino S., Cafagna F., Calicchio M., Campana D., Carboni M., Castellano M., Cecchini S., Cei F., Chiarella V., Coutu S., Cunti G., de Benedictis L., de Cataldo G., Dekhissi H., de Marzo C., de Mitri I., de Vincenzi M., di Credico A., Erriquez O., Favuzzi C., Forti C., Fusco P., Giacomelli G., Giannini G., Giglietto N., Grassi M., Gray L., Grillo A., Guarino F., Guarnaccia P., Gustavino C., Habig A., Hanson K., Hawthorne A., Heinz R., Iarocci E., Katsavounidis E., Kearns E., Kyriazopoulou S., Lamanna E., Lane C., Levin D.S., Lipari P., Longley N.P., Longo M.J., Maaroufi F., Mancarella G., Mandrioli G., Manzoor S., Margiotta Neri A., Marini A., Martello D., Marzari-Chiesa A., Mazziotta M.N., Mazzotta C., Michael D.G., Mikheyev S., Miller L., Monacelli P., Montaruli T., Monteno M., Mufson S., Musser J., Nicolo D., Nolty R., Okada C., Orth C., Osteria G., Palamara O., Patera V., Patrizii L., Pazzi R., Peck C.W., Petrera S., Pistilli P., Popa V., Pugliese V., Raino A., Reynoldson J., Ronga F., Rubizzo U., Sanzgiri A., Satriano C., Satta L., Scapparone E., Scholberg K., Sciubba A., Serra-Lugaresi P., Severi M., Sioli M., Sitta M., Spinelli P., Spinetti M., Spurio M., Steinberg R., Stone J.L., Sulak L.R., Surdo A., Tarle G., Togo V., Walter C.W., Webb R., G. C., Barbarino, DE MITRI, Ivan, F., Guarino, Mancarella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Ambrosio, M, Antolini, R, Aramo, C, Auriemma, G, Baldini, A, Barbarino, Gc, Barish, Bc, Battistoni, G, Bellotti, R, Bemporad, C, Bernardini, P, Bilokon, H, Bisi, V, Bloise, C, Bower, C, Bussino, Severino Angelo Maria, Cafagna, F, Calicchio, M, Campana, D, Carboni, M, Castellano, M, Cecchini, S, Cei, F, Chiarella, V, Coutu, S, Cunti, G, De Benedictis, L, De Cataldo, G, Dekhissi, H, De Marzo, C, De Mitri, I, De Vincenzi, M, Di Credico, A, Erriquez, O, Favuzzi, C, Forti, C, Fusco, P, Giacomelli, G, Giannini, G, Giglietto, N, Grassi, M, Gray, L, Grillo, A, Guarino, F, Guarnaccia, P, Gustavino, C, Habig, A, Hanson, K, Hawthorne, A, Heinz, R, Iarocci, E, Katsavounidis, E, Kearns, E, Kyriazopoulou, S, Lamanna, E, Lane, C, Levin, D, Lipari, P, Longley, Np, Longo, Mj, Maaroufi, F, Mancarella, G, Mandrioli, G, Manzoor, S, Neri, Am, Marini, A, Martello, D, Marzari Chiesa, A, Mazziotta, Mn, Mazzotta, C, Michael, Dg, Mikheyev, S, Miller, L, Monacelli, P, Montaruli, T, Monteno, M, Mufson, S, Musser, J, Nicolo, D, Nolty, R, Okada, C, Orth, C, Osteria, G, Palamara, O, Patera, V, Patrizi, L, Pazzi, R, Peck, Cw, Petrera, S, Pistilli, P, Popa, V, Pugliese, V, Raino, A, Reynoldson, J, Ronga, F, Rubizzo, U, Sanzgiri, A, Satriano, C, Satta, L, Scapparone, E, Scholberg, K, Sciubba, A, Serra Lugares, P, Severi, M, Sioli, M, Sitta, M, Spinelli, P, Spinetti, M, Spurio, M, Steinberg, R, Stone, Jl, Sulak, Lr, Surdo, A, Tarle, G, Togo, V, Walter, Cw, and Webb, R.
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Range (particle radiation), Muon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Flux, neutrinos, Astronomy and Astrophysics, MACRO, Charged particle, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Gran Sasso, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Particle, Muon neutrino, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Underground detector, Particle Physics - Experiment, upgoing
Abstract: An experimental study of the production of up-going charged particles in inelastic interactions of down-going underground muons is reported, using data obtained from the MACRO detector at the Gran Sasso Laboratory. In a sample of 12.2 10^6 single muons, corresponding to a detector livetime of 1.55 y, 243 events are observed having an up-going particle associated with a down-going muon. These events are analysed to determine the range and emission angle distributions of the up-going particle, corrected for detection and reconstruction efficiency. Measurements of the muon neutrino flux by underground detectors are often based on the observation of through-going and stopping muons produced in $\nu_\mu$ interactions in the rock below the detector. Up-going particles produced by an undetected down-going muon are a potential background source in these measurements. The implications of this background for neutrino studies using MACRO are discussed., Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures. Accepted by Astrop. Physics

136. Expression of Insl3 Protein in Adult Danio rerio .

Author: Donizetti A, Calicchio M, Romano MZ, Rosati L, Turco M, Carrese AM, Del Gaudio R, Ferrandino I, and Aniello F
Subjects: Animals, Male, Amino Acid Sequence, Leydig Cells metabolism, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled metabolism, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled genetics, Spermatogenesis genetics, Testis metabolism, Insulins metabolism, Insulins genetics, Zebrafish genetics, Zebrafish metabolism, Zebrafish Proteins genetics, Zebrafish Proteins metabolism
Abstract: Insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) is a biomarker for Leydig cells in the testes of vertebrates, and it is principally involved in spermatogenesis through specific binding with the RXFP2 receptor. This study reports the insl3 gene transcript and the Insl3 prepropeptide expression in both non-reproductive and reproductive tissues of Danio rerio . An immunohistochemistry analysis shows that the hormone is present at a low level in the Leydig cells and germ cells at all stages of Danio rerio testis differentiation. Considering that the insl3 gene is transcribed in Leydig cells, our results highlight an autocrine and paracrine function of this hormone in the Danio rerio testis, adding new information on the Insl3 mode of action in reproduction. We also show that Insl3 and Rxfp2 belonging to Danio rerio and other vertebrate species share most of the amino acid residues involved in the ligand-receptor interaction and activation, suggesting a conserved mechanism of action during vertebrate evolution.
Published: 2024
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137. Use and Misuse of Emergency Room for Children: Features of Walk-In Consultations and Parental Motivations in a Hospital in Southern Italy.

Author: Calicchio M, Valitutti F, Della Vecchia A, De Anseris AGE, Nazzaro L, Bertrando S, Bruzzese D, and Vajro P
Abstract: Objective: Inappropriate use of the emergency department (ED) represents a major worldwide issue both in pediatric and adult age. Herein, we aim to describe features of pediatric visits to the ED of Salerno University Hospital and to evaluate parental reasons behind the decision to walk in. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective observational study evaluating ED encounters for children from January 2014 to December 2019. The appropriateness of visits was measured with a national tool assessing every ED encounter, namely, "the Mattoni method," which consists of the combination of the triage code assigned, the diagnostic resources adopted, and the consultation outcomes. Moreover, 64 questionnaires were collected from a sample of parents in the waiting rooms in January 2020. Results: A total number of 42,507 visits were recorded during the study period (19,126 females; mean age ± SD : 4.3 ± 3.8 years), the majority of whom were inappropriate (75.8% over the considered period; 73.6% in 2014; 74.6% in 2015; 76.3% in 2016; 76.7% in 2017; 77.9% in 2018; 75.5% in 2019). Most of the inappropriate consultations arrived at the ED by their own vehicle (94.4%), following an independent decision of the parents (97.2%), especially in the evening and at night on Saturdays/Sundays/holidays (69.7%). A multivariate analysis revealed the following: patients of younger age (OR: 1.11, 95% C.I. 1.06-1.16; p < 0.0019), night visits (OR 1.39; 95% C.I.: 1.32-1.47; p < 0.001), patients living in the municipality of Salerno (OR 1.28; 95% C.I.: 1.22-1.34; p < 0.001), weekend day visits (OR 1.48; 95% C.I.: 1.41-1.56; p < 0.001), and independent parental decision without previous contact with primary care pediatrician (OR 3.01; 95% C.I.: 2.64-3.44; p < 0.001) were all significant independent predictors of inappropriate consultation. The most frequent trigger of ED encounters was fever (51.4%). Hospital admission made up 17.6% of all consultations. The questionnaire showed that most parents were aware of the lack of urgency (20.3%) or minor urgency (53.1%) of the visit. The reasons for walking in were the impossibility to receive a home consultation (70%), the difficulty of contacting their family pediatrician during weekends and holidays (54.4%), as well as the search for a quick, effective, diagnosis and therapy (48.4%). Conclusions: The study suggests a highly inappropriate use of ED for children in our region. This issue deserves considerable attention by health care system leaders in order to optimally integrate hospitals and primary care., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Calicchio, Valitutti, Della Vecchia, De Anseris, Nazzaro, Bertrando, Bruzzese and Vajro.)
Published: 2021
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138. Study of the Cross-Influence between III-V and IV Elements Deposited in the Same MOVPE Growth Chamber.

Author: Timò G, Calicchio M, Abagnale G, Armani N, Achilli E, Cornelli M, Annoni F, Schineller B, and Andreani LC
Abstract: We have deposited Ge, SiGe, SiGeSn, AlAs, GaAs, InGaP and InGaAs based structures in the same metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth chamber, in order to study the effect of the cross influence between groups IV and III-V elements on the growth rate, background doping and morphology. It is shown that by adopting an innovative design of the MOVPE growth chamber and proper growth condition, the IV elements growth rate penalization due to As "carry over" can be eliminated and the background doping level in both IV and III-V semiconductors can be drastically reduced. In the temperature range 748-888 K, Ge and SiGe morphologies do not degrade when the semiconductors are grown in a III-V-contaminated MOVPE growth chamber. Critical morphology aspects have been identified for SiGeSn and III-Vs, when the MOVPE deposition takes place, respectively, in a As or Sn-contaminated MOVPE growth chamber. III-Vs morphologies are influenced by substrate type and orientation. The results are promising in view of the monolithic integration of group-IV with III-V compounds in multi-junction solar cells.
Published: 2021
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139. Age and environment-related differences in gait in healthy adults using wearables.

Author: Czech MD, Psaltos D, Zhang H, Adamusiak T, Calicchio M, Kelekar A, Messere A, Van Dijk KRA, Ramos V, Demanuele C, Cai X, Santamaria M, Patel S, and Karahanoglu FI
Abstract: Technological advances in multimodal wearable and connected devices have enabled the measurement of human movement and physiology in naturalistic settings. The ability to collect continuous activity monitoring data with digital devices in real-world environments has opened unprecedented opportunity to establish clinical digital phenotypes across diseases. Many traditional assessments of physical function utilized in clinical trials are limited because they are episodic, therefore, cannot capture the day-to-day temporal fluctuations and longitudinal changes in activity that individuals experience. In order to understand the sensitivity of gait speed as a potential endpoint for clinical trials, we investigated the use of digital devices during traditional clinical assessments and in real-world environments in a group of healthy younger ( n = 33, 18-40 years) and older ( n = 32, 65-85 years) adults. We observed good agreement between gait speed estimated using a lumbar-mounted accelerometer and gold standard system during the performance of traditional gait assessment task in-lab, and saw discrepancies between in-lab and at-home gait speed. We found that gait speed estimated in-lab, with or without digital devices, failed to differentiate between the age groups, whereas gait speed derived during at-home monitoring was able to distinguish the age groups. Furthermore, we found that only three days of at-home monitoring was sufficient to reliably estimate gait speed in our population, and still capture age-related group differences. Our results suggest that gait speed derived from activities during daily life using data from wearable devices may have the potential to transform clinical trials by non-invasively and unobtrusively providing a more objective and naturalistic measure of functional ability., Competing Interests: Competing interestsM.D.C., D.P., H.Z., T.A., A.K., A.M., K.R.A.V.D., V.R., C.D., X.C., M.S., S.P., and F.I.K. are current employees of Pfizer, Inc. M.C. was a former employee of Pfizer, Inc., (© The Author(s) 2020.)
Published: 2020
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140. Diffuse and strong cyclin D1 immunoreactivity in clear cell sarcoma of the kidney.

Author: Mirkovic J, Calicchio M, Fletcher CD, and Perez-Atayde AR
Subjects: Biomarkers, Tumor metabolism, Child, Preschool, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Kidney Neoplasms diagnosis, Male, Nephroma, Mesoblastic diagnosis, Nephroma, Mesoblastic metabolism, Neuroblastoma diagnosis, Neuroblastoma metabolism, Rhabdoid Tumor diagnosis, Rhabdoid Tumor metabolism, Sarcoma, Clear Cell diagnosis, Sarcoma, Ewing diagnosis, Sarcoma, Ewing metabolism, Wilms Tumor diagnosis, Wilms Tumor metabolism, Cyclin D1 metabolism, Kidney Neoplasms metabolism, Kidney Neoplasms pathology, Sarcoma, Clear Cell metabolism, Sarcoma, Clear Cell pathology
Abstract: Aims: Distinguishing clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) from other paediatric malignancies, particularly blastema-rich Wilms tumour (WT) and congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN), is challenging. Specific immunohistochemistry for CCSK does not exist, and diagnosis rests upon histopa thology. Recently, the YWHAE-FAM22 rearrange ment, identical to that in endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS), has been identified in CCSKs. As this fusion results in overexpression of cyclin D1 in ESS, we postulated that overexpression would also occur in CCSK; cyclin D1 immunohistochemistry could then be used to differentiate CCSK from other tumours. The goal of this study was therefore to evaluate the utility of cyclin D1 immunohistochemistry in identifying CCSK and helping to differentiate it from its mimics., Methods and Results: Cyclin D1 expression was evaluated in 59 renal tumours-CCSK (14), WT (25), rhabdoid tumour (four), Ewing sarcoma (five), and CMN (11)-and four neuroblastomas. All 14 CCSKs showed diffuse and strong reactivity. In contrast, the blastematous component of most WTs showed only rare positive nuclei, that of rhabdoid tumours showed rare to focal immunoreactivity, and that of more than half of CMNs showed weak or focal immunoreactivity. Most Ewing sarcomas and all neuroblastomas showed diffuse moderate to strong staining., Conclusions: Cyclin D1 is most helpful in distinguishing CCSK from WT, rhabdoid tumour, and some CMNs, but not from neuroblastoma or Ewing sarcomas., (© 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2015
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141. Irreversible evolution of eumelanin redox states detected by an organic electrochemical transistor: en route to bioelectronics and biosensing.

Author: Tarabella G, Pezzella A, Romeo A, D'Angelo P, Coppedè N, Calicchio M, d'Ischia M, Mosca R, and Iannotta S
Abstract: Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are currently emerging as powerful tools for biosensing, bioelectronics and nanomedical applications owing to their ability to operate under liquid phase conditions optimally integrating electronic and biological systems. Herein we disclose the unique potential of OECTs for detecting and investigating the electrical properties of insoluble eumelanin biopolymers. Gate current measurements on fine aqueous suspensions of a synthetic eumelanin sample from 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) revealed a well detectable hysteretic response similar to that of the pure monomer in solution, with the formal concentration of the polymer as low as 10 -6 M. Induction of the gate current would reflect electron transfer from solid eumelanin to the Pt-electrode sustained by redox active catechol/quinone components of the polymer. A gradual decrease in gate current and areas subtended by hysteretic loops were observed over 5 cycles both in the eumelanin- and DHI-based devices, suggesting evolution of the polymer from a far-from-the-equilibrium redox state toward a more stable electronic arrangement promoted by redox exchange with the gate electrode. OECTs are thus proposed as valuable tools for the efficient heterogeneous-phase sensing of eumelanins and to gauge their peculiar electrical and redox behaviour.
Published: 2013
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142. Luminosity-independent measurement of the proton-proton total cross section at √s=8 TeV.

Author: Antchev G, Aspell P, Atanassov I, Avati V, Baechler J, Berardi V, Berretti M, Bossini E, Bottigli U, Bozzo M, Brücken E, Buzzo A, Cafagna FS, Calicchio M, Catanesi MG, Covault C, Csanád M, Csörgő T, Deile M, Doubek M, Eggert K, Eremin V, Ferretti R, Ferro F, Fiergolski A, Garcia F, Giani S, Greco V, Grzanka L, Heino J, Hilden T, Intonti RA, Kašpar J, Kopal J, Kundrát V, Kurvinen K, Lami S, Latino G, Lauhakangas R, Leszko T, Lippmaa E, Lokajíček M, Lo Vetere M, Lucas Rodríguez F, Macrí M, Mäki T, Mercadante A, Minafra N, Minutoli S, Nemes F, Niewiadomski H, Oliveri E, Oljemark F, Orava R, Oriunno M, Österberg K, Palazzi P, Procházka J, Quinto M, Radermacher E, Radicioni E, Ravotti F, Robutti E, Ropelewski L, Ruggiero G, Saarikko H, Santroni A, Scribano A, Smajek J, Snoeys W, Sziklai J, Taylor C, Turini N, Vacek V, Vítek M, Welti J, Whitmore J, and Wyszkowski P
Abstract: The TOTEM collaboration has measured the proton-proton total cross section at √s=8 TeV using a luminosity-independent method. In LHC fills with dedicated beam optics, the Roman pots have been inserted very close to the beam allowing the detection of ~90% of the nuclear elastic scattering events. Simultaneously the inelastic scattering rate has been measured by the T1 and T2 telescopes. By applying the optical theorem, the total proton-proton cross section of (101.7±2.9) mb has been determined, well in agreement with the extrapolation from lower energies. This method also allows one to derive the luminosity-independent elastic and inelastic cross sections: σ(el)=(27.1±1.4) mb; σ(inel)=(74.7±1.7) mb.
Published: 2013
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143. Discovery and validation of urine markers of acute pediatric appendicitis using high-accuracy mass spectrometry.

Author: Kentsis A, Lin YY, Kurek K, Calicchio M, Wang YY, Monigatti F, Campagne F, Lee R, Horwitz B, Steen H, and Bachur R
Subjects: Appendicitis diagnosis, Child, Female, Humans, Male, ROC Curve, Reproducibility of Results, Severity of Illness Index, Appendicitis urine, Biomarkers urine, Mass Spectrometry, Protein Array Analysis
Abstract: Study Objective: Molecular definition of disease has been changing all aspects of medical practice, from diagnosis and screening to understanding and treatment. Acute appendicitis is among many human conditions that are complicated by the heterogeneity of clinical presentation and shortage of diagnostic markers. Here, we sought to profile the urine of patients with appendicitis, with the goal of identifying new diagnostic markers., Methods: Candidate markers were identified from the urine of children with histologically proven appendicitis by using high-accuracy mass spectrometry proteome profiling. These systemic and local markers were used to assess the probability of appendicitis in a blinded, prospective study of children being evaluated for acute abdominal pain in our emergency department. Tests of performance of the markers were evaluated against the pathologic diagnosis and histologic grade of appendicitis., Results: Test performance of 57 identified candidate markers was studied in 67 patients, with median age of 11 years, 37% of whom had appendicitis. Several exhibited favorable diagnostic performance, including calgranulin A (S100-A8), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (orosomucoid), and leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein (LRG), with the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve and values of 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72 to 0.95), 0.84 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.95), and 0.97 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.0), respectively. LRG was enriched in diseased appendices, and its abundance correlated with severity of appendicitis., Conclusion: High-accuracy mass spectrometry urine proteome profiling allowed identification of diagnostic markers of acute appendicitis. Usage of LRG and other identified biomarkers may improve the diagnostic accuracy of clinical evaluations of appendicitis., (Copyright 2009. Published by Mosby, Inc.)
Published: 2010
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144. Vertical muon intensity measured with MACRO at the Gran Sasso laboratory.

Author: Ambrosio M, Antolini R, Auriemma G, Baker R, Baldini A, Barbarino GC, Barish BC, Battistoni G, Bellotti R, Bemporad C, Bernardini P, Bilokon H, Bisi V V, Bloise C, Bower C, Bussino S, Cafagna F, Calicchio M, Campana D, Carboni M, Castellano M, Cecchini S, Cei F, Celio P, Chiarella V V, Corona A, Coutu S, De Cataldo G, Dekhissi H, De Marzo C, De Mitri I, De Vincenzi M, Di Credico A, Erriquez O, Favuzzi C, Forti C, Fusco P, Giacomelli G, Giannini G, Giglietto N, Grassi M, Grillo A, Guarino F, Guarnaccia P, Gustavino C, Habig A, Hanson K, Hawthorne A, Heinz R, Hong JT, Iarocci E, Katsavounidis E, Kearns E, Kyriazopoulou S, Lamanna E, Lane C, Levin DS, Lipari P, Liu R, Longley NP, Longo MJ, Lu Y, Ludlam G, and Mancarella G
Published: 1995
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145. Coincident observation of air C-caronerenkov light by a surface array and muon bundles by a deep underground detector.

Author: Ambrosio M, Antolini R, Auriemma G, Baker R, Baldini A, Bam B, Barbarino GC, Barish BC, Battistoni G, Bellotti R, Bemporad C, Bernardini P, Bilokon H, Bisi V V, Bloise C, Bower C, Bussino S, Cafagna F, Calicchio M, Campana D, Carboni M, Corona A, Cecchini S, Cei F, Chiarella V V, Cormack R, Coutu S, DeCataldo G, Dekhissi H, DeMarzo C, De Vincenzi M, Di Credico A, Diehl E, Erriquez O, Favuzzi C, Forti C, Fusco P, Giacomelli G, Giannini G, Giglietto N, Grassi M, Green P, Grillo A, Guarino F, Guarnaccia P, Gustavino C, Habig A, Heinz R, Hong JT, Iarocci E, Katsavounidis E, Kearns E, Kertzman M, Kyriazopoulou S, Lamanna E, Lane C, Lee C, Levin DS, Lipari P, Liu G, Liu R, Longo MJ, Lu Y, and Ludlam G
Published: 1994
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146. Search for slowly moving magnetic monopoles with the MACRO detector.

Author: Ahlen S, Ambrosio M, Antolini R, Auriemma G, Baker R, Baldini A, Bam BB, Barbarino GC, Barish BC, Battistoni G, Bellotti R, Bemporad C, Bernandini P, Bilokon H, Bisi V V, Bloise C, Bower C, Bussino S, Cafagna F, Calicchio M, Campana D, Campana P, Carboni M, Cecchini S, Cei F, Chiarella V V, Cormack R, Corona A, Coutu S, De Cataldo G, Dekhissi H, De Marzo C, De Vincenzi M, Di Credico A, Diehl E, Erriquez O, Favuzzi C, Ficenec D, Forti C, Fusco P, Giacomelli G, Giannini G, Giglietto N, Giubellino P, Grassi M, Green P, Grillo A, Guarino F, Guarnaccia P, Gustavino C, Habig A, Heinz R, Hong JT, Iarocci E, Katsavounidis E, Kearns E, Klein S, Kyriazopoulou S, Lamanna E, Lane C, Lee C, Levin D, Lipari P, and Liu G
Published: 1994
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147. Search for nuclearites using the MACRO detector.

Author: Ahlen S, Ambrosio M, Antolini R, Auriemma G, Baker R, Baldini A, Barbarino GC, Barish BC, Battistoni G, Bellotti R, Bemporad C, Bernardini P, Bilokon H, Bisi V V, Bloise C, Bussino S, Cafagna F, Calicchio M, Campana P, Campana D, Carboni M, Cecchini S, Cei F, Chiarella V V, Chiera C, Cobis A, Cormack R, Corona A, Coutu S, DeCataldo G, Dekhissi H, DeMarzo C, De Vincenzi M, Di Credico A, Diehl E, Erriquez O, Favuzzi C, Ficenec D, Forti C, Foti L, Fusco P, Giacomelli G, Giannini G, Giglietto N, Giubellino P, Grassi M, Green P, Grillo A, Guarino F, Gustavino C, Habig A, Heinz R, Hong JT, Iarocci E, Katsavounidis E, Kearns E, Klein S, Kyriazopoulou S, Lamanna E, Lane C, Lee C, Levin D, Lipari P, and Liu G
Published: 1992
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148. Study of the ultrahigh-energy primary-cosmic-ray composition with the MACRO experiment.

Author: Ahlen S, Ambrosio M, Antolini R, Auriemma G, Baldini A, Bam BB, Barbarino GC, Barish BC, Battistoni G, Bellotti R, Bemporad C, Bernardini P, Bilokon H, Bisi V V, Bloise C, Bussino S, Cafagna F, Calicchio M, Campana P, Campana D, Carboni M, Cecchini S, Cei F, Chiarella V V, Chiera C, Cobis A, Cormack R, Corona A, Coutu S, DeCataldo G, DeMarzo C, De Vincenzi M, Di Credico A, Diehl E, Erriquez O, Favuzzi C, Ficenec D, Forti C, Foti L, Fusco P, Giacomelli G, Giannini G, Giglietto N, Giubellino P, Grassi M, Green P, Grillo A, Guarino F, Gustavino C, Habig A, Heinz R, Hong JT, Iarocci E, Katsavounidis E, Kearns E, Klein S, Kyriazopoulou S, Lamanna E, Lane C, Lee C, Levin D, Lipari P, Liu G, and Liu R
Published: 1992
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