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This paper deals with the geological mapping of the late-Variscan Sàrrabus pluton, (south-eastern Sardinia), a shallow multiple and composite igneous complex dominated by several generations of granodiorites, metaluminous and peraluminous granites and repeated pulses of mantle-derived mafic magmas. The map has been compiled based on geological surveys at 1:10,000 and 1:5,000 scales, assisted by in situ gamma-ray spectrometry and detailed petrographic investigations. Granite-related ore deposits have been also reported. The emplacement age of the pluton can be constrained by U/Pb dating on zircons of Cala Regina granodiorite, yielding an age of 286 ± 9 Ma. The resulting scenario documents a bimodal magmatism controlled by an EW trending shear zone, followed by the shallower emplacement of several pulses of independent granite magmas.

This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through projects PID2020-120015RB-100, CGL201681092-R, and CGL2017-90884-REDT, by the Andalusia Regional Government through project P18-RT-3820 and P20-00136, by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program through project ACTRIS-2 (grant agreement No 654109). This research was partially supported by Project RTI2018.101154.A.I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/FEDER "Una manera de hacer Europa". The authors thank the Parque de la Ciencias for making this research possible. Juan Andr ' es Casquero-Vera is supported by BES-2017-080015 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE "El FSE invierte en tu futuro". Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUA., Although cities are an important source of aerosol particles, aerosol number flux measurements over urban areas are scarce. These measurements are however important as they can allow us to identify the different sources/sinks of aerosol particles and quantify their emission contributions. Therefore, they can help us to understand the aerosol impacts on human health and climate, and to design effective mitigation strategies through the reduction of urban aerosol emissions. In this work we analyze the aerosol number concentrations and fluxes for particles with diameters larger than 2.5 nm measured by eddy covariance technique at an urban area (Granada city, Spain) from November 2016 to April 2018. This is the first study of particle number flux in an urban area in the Iberian Peninsula and is one of the few current studies that report long-term aerosol number flux measurements. The results suggest that, on average, Granada urban area acted as a net source for atmospheric aerosol particles with median particle number flux of 150 x 10(6) m(-2) s(-1). Downward negative fluxes were observed in only 12% of the analyzed data, and most of them were observed during high aerosol load conditions. Both aerosol number fluxes and concentrations were maximum in winter and 50% larger than those measured in summer due to the increased emissions from domestic heating, burning of residual agricultural waste in the agricultural area surrounding the site, as well as to the lower aerosol dilution effects during winter. The analysis of the seasonal diurnal variability of the aerosol number concentration revealed the significant impact of traffic emissions on aerosol population over Granada urban area in all seasons. It also shows the impact of domestic heating and agricultural waste burning emissions in winter as well as the influence of new particle formation processes in summer and spring seasons. Closer analysis by wind sector demonstrated that both aerosol concentrations and fluxes from urban sector (where high density of anthropogenic sources is located) were lower than those from rural sector (which includes agricultural area but also the main highway of the city). This evidences the strong impact of aerosol emissions from traffic circulating on the highway on aerosol population over our measurement site., Spanish Government PID2020-120015RB-100 CGL201681092-R CGL2017-90884-REDT, Andalusia Regional Government P18-RT-3820 P20-00136, European Commission 654109, MCIN/AEI/FEDER "Una manera de hacer Europa" RTI2018.101154.A.I00, FSE "El FSE invierte en tu futuro", Universidad de Granada/CBUA MCIN/AEI BES-2017-080015

Introduction Despite the advances toward gender parity in medicine, a gap exists in the recognition of women physicians at academic and subspecialty medical conferences as plenary speakers and award winners. Conferences are cornerstones in the practice of medicine because they serve as platforms to showcase physicians’ successes and disseminate work. The selection of who is honored at such events can impact an individual’s career by creating networks that may lead to future opportunities. Additionally, the trend of who is honored may create expectations in the minds of trainees and early career physicians about what qualities help an individual achieve success. Our group sought to determine whether there was a gender gap in award recognition and speakership opportunities at the American College of Physicians (ACP) annual military chapter meetings. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with data extracted from publicly available conference programs for the Army-Air Force annual ACP meetings and the Navy annual ACP meetings. Five years of data erewere reviewed for invited plenary speakers. Ten years of data were reviewed for award recipients. For an award to be included, it had to have a preset description and criteria for recipient selection. Awards not given annually or awards given for less than 3 years were excluded. Individuals’ gender was determined based on the first name and confirmed through internet searches of pronoun descriptors from professional websites. Comparisons were done using Fisher’s exact test and chi-square tests when appropriate, with statistical significance set at a two-tailed P-value of Results Women comprised 26-30% of the chapter membership and there was no significant difference in gender distribution between the chapters. Fourteen of the 69 plenary speakers were women (20%), with significantly fewer women presenters in the Navy as compared to men. Thirty-six of the 134 award winners were women (27%), which was not significantly different from the overall chapter gender distributions. While women recipients of lifetime, teaching, research, and medical student awards were not significantly different from chapter gender distribution, women faculty were significantly more likely to receive an award for teaching than for research, with women receiving 13 of the 28 teaching awards (41%), and none of the 10 faculty research awards. Conclusions The military chapter ACP meetings reviewed mirrored civilian data in many ways, although military plenary speaker and award recipient distributions were more representative of the gender distribution of the branches. Review of the nomination process, planning committee selection, and opportunities for diversity training could be optimized to ensure that future conferences have a gender-balanced representation of individuals being honored. Improving upon current practices is important for the growth and retention of women military physicians.

Few reliable biomarkers of consciousness exist for patients with acute severe brain injury. Tools assaying the neural networks that modulate consciousness may allow for tracking of recovery. The mesocircuit model, and its instantiation as the ABCD framework, classifies resting-state EEG power spectral densities into categories reflecting widely separated levels of thalamocortical network function and correlates with outcome in post-cardiac arrest coma.We applied the ABCD framework to acute severe traumatic brain injury and tested four hypotheses: 1) EEG channel-level ABCD classifications are spatially heterogeneous and temporally variable; 2) ABCD classifications improve longitudinally, commensurate with the degree of behavioural recovery; 3) ABCD classifications correlate with behavioural level of consciousness; and 4) the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised arousal facilitation protocol improves EEG dynamics along the ABCD scale. In this longitudinal cohort study, we enrolled 20 patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury requiring intensive care and 16 healthy controls. Through visual inspection, channel-level spectra from resting-state EEG were classified based on spectral peaks within frequency bands defined by the ABCD framework: ‘A’ = no peaks above delta (Acutely, 95% of patients demonstrated ‘D’ signals in at least one channel but exhibited heterogeneity in the proportion of different channel-level ABCD classifications (mean percent ‘D’ signals: 37%, range: 0-90%). By contrast, healthy participants and patients at follow-up predominantly demonstrated signals corresponding to intact thalamocortical network function (mean percent ‘D’ signals: 94%). In patients studied acutely, ABCD classifications improved after the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised arousal facilitation protocol (PPPThese findings support the use of the ABCD framework to characterize channel-level EEG dynamics and track fluctuations in functional thalamocortical network integrity in spatial detail.

Use of mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow has gained significant popularity. The iliac crest has been determined to be an effective site for harvesting mesenchymal stem cells. Review of the literature revealed that multiple techniques are used to harvest bone marrow aspirate from the iliac crest, but the descriptions are based on the experience of various authors as opposed to studied anatomy. A safe, reliable, and reproducible method for aspiration has yet to be studied and described. Connective tissue progenitors (CTPs) from native bone marrow (BM) or their culture-expanded progeny, often referred to as mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, represent a promising strategy for treatment of cartilage injuries and other problems of bone consolidation. However, the cartilage regeneration capacity of these cells remains unpredictable because of cell heterogeneity. Our experience concerning the aspiration of mesenchymal stem cells from the iliac crest and their use in patients suffering from chondropathy has given good results, with the use of the sepax2 method for processing and preparation of mesenchymal stem cells extracted from the iliac crest.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to examine whether polychronicity, an individual difference variable that involves a preference for multitasking, moderates the relationships between work-family conflict (WFC) and two work criteria, job satisfaction and work engagement; second, to examine two measures of polychronicity (the multitasking preference inventory (MPI) and the inventory of polychronic values (IPV)) and investigate whether polychronicity moderates the relationships between WFC and work criteria differently when measured by the MPI or the IPV. Design/methodology/approach The study’s sample included 257 respondents from the Amazon Mechanical Turk service who completed an online survey. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to test whether polychronicity moderated the relationships between WFC and two work criteria, job satisfaction and work engagement. Findings Polychronicity was found to significantly moderate the relationship between the work engagement and WFC. Follow-up analyses indicated that those who were lower in polychronicity had a significant decrease in work engagement as WFC increased, whereas those who were higher in polychronicity had relatively the same work engagement level regardless of changes in WFC. The results suggest that individuals higher in polychronicity have more personal resources and may be more resilient than those lower in polychronicity when it comes to not letting conflicts between their work and family lives affect how engaged they feel in their work. Originality/value This study extends the application of polychronicity to new domains of WFC and work engagement. The current study also contributed to the literature by investigating two measures of polychronicity (MPI and IPV) and finding that the MPI significantly moderated the relationship between WFC and work engagement, but the IPV did not. These findings indicate that there are important differences between the MPI and the IPV, and additional research is needed in comparing these two polychronicity measures.

Visual texture is an important cue to figure-ground organization. While processing of texture differences is a prerequisite for the use of this cue to extract figure-ground organization, these stages are distinct processes. One potential indicator of this distinction is the possibility that texture statistics play a different role in the figure vs. in the ground. To determine whether this is the case, we probed figure-ground processing with a family of local image statistics that specified textures that varied in the strength and spatial scale of structure, and the extent to which features are oriented. For image statistics that generated approximately isotropic textures, the threshold for identification of figure-ground structure was determined by the difference in correlation strength in figure vs. ground, independent of whether the correlations were present in figure, ground, or both. However, for image statistics with strong orientation content, thresholds were up to two times higher for correlations in the ground, vs. the figure. This held equally for texture-defined objects with convex or concave boundaries, indicating that these threshold differences are driven by border ownership, not boundary shape. Similar threshold differences were found for presentation times ranging from 125 to 500 ms. These findings identify a qualitative difference in how texture is used for figure-ground analysis, vs. texture discrimination. Additionally, it reveals a functional recursion: texture differences are needed to identify tentative boundaries and consequent scene organization into figure and ground, but then scene organization modifies sensitivity to texture differences according to the figure-ground assignment.

Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common co-morbidity that affects up to 44% of children with Down syndrome (DS). There is a need for reliable, good quality research on the use of methylphenidate within this population. The objective of this study is to report our experience regarding the management of ADHD in these children using methylphenidate. Methods This study is a retrospective observation of 21 children with DS, followed at Jerome Lejeune Institute between 2000 and 2018. The diagnosis of ADHD was made using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria. Efficacy was measured as response or non-response on two main symptoms: attention/concentration and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Safety was evaluated by the presence or absence of side effects. Results Sixteen out of the 21 children (76%) showed improvement with methylphenidate. The average age of treatment onset in responding children was 8 years and 10 months versus 6 years and 3 months in non-responders (P = 0.05). Average dose/weight was significantly different in responders and non-responders (0.82 vs. 0.54 mg/kg/day, respectively; P = 0.03). Twelve children out of 21 (57%) experienced side effects; only three experienced side effects severe enough to require treatment interruption. Most common side effects were loss of appetite and difficulties in falling asleep. Conclusion Methylphenidate was effective and safe in treating ADHD in 76% of cases in children with DS, with few serious side effects to report. Early diagnosis of ADHD is important to improve the quality of life, learning, inclusion and socialisation of children with DS.

his paper deals with the geological mapping of the late-Variscan Sàrrabus pluton, (southeastern Sardinia), a shallow multiple and composite igneous complex dominated by several generations of granodiorites, metaluminous and peraluminous granites and repeated pulses of mantle-derived mafic magmas. The map has been compiled based on geological surveys at 1:10,000 and 1:5,000 scales, assisted by in situ gamma-ray spectrometry and detailed petrographic investigations. Granite-related ore deposits have been also reported. The emplacement age of the pluton can be constrained by U/Pb dating on zircons of Cala Regina granodiorite, yielding an age of 286 ± 9 Ma. The resulting scenario documents a bimodal magmatism controlled by an EW trending shear zone, f

The Emu Chick prototype implements migratory memory-side processing in a novel hardware system. Rather than transferring large amounts of data across the system interconnect, the Emu Chick moves lightweight thread contexts to near-memory cores before the beginning of each remote memory read. Previous work has characterized the performance of the Chick prototype in terms of memory bandwidth and programming differences from more typical, non-migratory platforms, but there has not yet been an analysis of algorithms on this system. This work evaluates irregular algorithms that could benefit from the lightweight, memory-side processing of the Chick and demonstrates techniques and optimization strategies for achieving performance in sparse matrix-vector multiply operation (SpMV), breadth-first search (BFS), and graph alignment across up to eight distributed nodes encompassing 64 nodelets in the Chick system. We also define and justify relative metrics to compare prototype FPGA-based hardware with established ASIC architectures. The Chick currently supports up to 68x scaling for graph alignment, 80 MTEPS for BFS on balanced graphs, and 50% of measured STREAM bandwidth for SpMV.

Intense interests are a core symptom of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and can be all-encompassing for affected individuals. This observation raises the hypothesis that intense interests in ASD are related to pervasive changes in visual processing for objects within that category, including visual search. We assayed visual processing with two novel tasks, targeting category search and exemplar search. For each task, three kinds of stimuli were used: faces, houses, and images personalized to each participant’s interest. 25 children and adults with ASD were compared to 25 neurotypical (NT) children and adults. We found no differences in either visual search task between ASD and NT controls for interests. Thus, pervasive alterations in perception are not likely to account for ASD behavioral symptoms.

The field of adiabatic circuits is rooted in electronics know-how stretching all the way back to the 1960s and has potential applications in vastly increasing the energy efficiency of far-future computing. But now, the field is experiencing an increased level of attention in part due to its potential to reduce the vulnerability of systems to side-channel attacks that exploit, e.g., unwanted EM emissions, power supply fluctuations, and so forth. In this context, one natural question is: Just how low can the energy dissipation from adiabatic circuits, and the associated extraneous signal emissions, be made to go? We argue that the ultimate limits of this approach lie much farther away than is commonly appreciated. Recent advances at Sandia National Laboratories in the design of fully static, fully adiabatic CMOS logic styles and high-quality energy-recovering resonant power-clock drivers offer the potential to reduce dynamic switching losses by multiple orders of magnitude, and, particularly for cryogenic applications, optimization of device structures can reduce the standby power consumption of inactive devices, and the ultimate dissipation limits of the adiabatic approach, by multiple orders of magnitude as well. In this paper, we review the above issues, and give a preliminary overview of our group's activities towards the demonstration of groundbreaking levels of energy efficiency for semiconductor-based logic, together with a broader exploration of the ultimate limits of physically realizable techniques for approaching the theoretical ideal of perfect thermodynamic reversibility in computing, and the study of the implications of this technology direction for practical computing architectures.

Various parallel computer benchmarking projects have been around since early 1990s but the adopted so far approaches for performance analysis require a significant revision in view of the recent developments of both the relevant application domains and the underlying computer technologies. This paper presents a novel performance evaluation methodology based on assessing the processing rate of two orthogonal use cases – dense and sparse physical systems – as well as the energy efficiency for both. Evaluation results with two popular codes – HPL and HPCG – validate our approach and demonstrate its use for analysis and interpretation in order to identify and confirm current technological challenges as well as to track and roadmap the future application performance of physical system simulations.

Security vulnerabilities such as Meltdown and Spectre demonstrate how chip complexity grew faster than our ability to manage unintended consequences. Attention to security from the outset should be part of the rememdy, yet complexity must be controlled at a more fundamental level.

See Boly and Laureys (doi:10.1093/brain/awy080) for a scientific commentary on this article.Patients with severe brain injury are difficult to assess and frequently subject to misdiagnosis. 'Cognitive motor dissociation' is a term used to describe a subset of such patients with preserved cognition as detected with neuroimaging methods but not evident in behavioural assessments. Unlike the locked-in state, cognitive motor dissociation after severe brain injury is prominently marked by concomitant injuries across the cerebrum in addition to limited or no motoric function. In the present study, we sought to characterize the EEG signals used as indicators of cognition in patients with disorders of consciousness and examine their reliability for potential future use to re-establish communication. We compared EEG-based assessments to the results of using similar methods with functional MRI. Using power spectral density analysis to detect EEG evidence of task performance (Two Group Test, P ≤ 0.05, with false discovery rate correction), we found evidence of the capacity to follow commands in 21 of 28 patients with severe brain injury and all 15 healthy individuals studied. We found substantial variability in the temporal and spatial characteristics of significant EEG signals among the patients in contrast to only modest variation in these domains across healthy controls; the majority of healthy controls showed suppression of either 8-12 Hz 'alpha' or 13-40 Hz 'beta' power during task performance, or both. Nine of the 21 patients with EEG evidence of command-following also demonstrated functional MRI evidence of command-following. Nine of the patients with command-following capacity demonstrated by EEG showed no behavioural evidence of a communication channel as detected by a standardized behavioural assessment, the Coma Recovery Scale - Revised. We further examined the potential contributions of fluctuations in arousal that appeared to co-vary with some patients' ability to reliably generate EEG signals in response to command. Five of nine patients with statistically indeterminate responses to one task tested showed a positive response after accounting for variations in overall background state (as visualized in the qualitative shape of the power spectrum) and grouping of trial runs with similar background state characteristics. Our findings reveal signal variations of EEG responses in patients with severe brain injuries and provide insight into the underlying physiology of cognitive motor dissociation. These results can help guide future efforts aimed at re-establishment of communication in such patients who will need customization for brain-computer interfaces.