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The pure rotational transitions of the protonated hydrogen cyanide ion, HCNH+, and its isotopic species, HCND+ and DCND+, were measured in the 107-482 GHz region with a source-modulated microwave spectrometer. The ions were generated in a cell with a magnetically confined DC-glow discharge of HCN and/or DCN. The rotational constant B0 and the centrifugal distortion constant D0 for each ion were precisely determined by a least-squares fitting to the observed spectral lines. The observed rotational transition frequencies by laboratory spectroscopy and the predicted ones are accurate to about 30-40 kHz and are useful as rest frequencies for astronomical searches of HCNH+ and HCND+.

Tungsten carbide powder with 3. 5 μ m average particle diameter was shocked by the indirect method to produce a quasi-isentropic plane compression wave normal to the cylinder axis. [1]Recovered specimens showed the evidence of melt and possible evaporation . For the lower temperature specimen, compacted structure possibly sintered through melt was observed and for the high temperature shock specimen newly formed triangular plates were observed.

This paper presents a development of a highly sensitive magnetometer system that can be used for speed detection of a high speed moving object such as vehicles. The system model consists of two light weight, tiny size and very low power consumption magnetic sensors which are separated by 1 meter from each other. The whole system can be placed either beneath the surface of the road or in parallel beside the road. The two magnetic sensors detect intricate magnetic patterns which are produced by moving objects, individually and successively. The collected data from the sensors is analyzed in detail to achieve appropriate correlation coefficients which leads to measure the speed, precisely. A computer-based heuristic algorithm has been designed to handle the data that has been collected from the sensors, rapidly. Experiments have been conducted to examine the system's performance and to validate the system's operation

A particular problem that should be addressed in the radar sensors is how to measure the distances of stationary, slow-moving and fast-moving targets such as vehicles precisely and rapidly. This paper describes a new approach to measure distances between objects using triple-frequency CW (Continuous Waveforms) Radar and based on a K-band Doppler technology. The system's operation is performed using CW triple-frequency to obtain expeditiously and highly accurate measurements for stationary and moving objects. A mathematical presentation of the system's model has been formulated along with computer-based simulations to study the performance and to validate the effectiveness of the proposed model.

This paper introduces an intelligent K-band speedometer sensor (KBSS) for ETC (electronic toll collection) system, that is applicable to ad-hoc networks. New and high-precision speedometer sensors have been installed in mobile nodes (vehicles) and on ETC terminals network using K-band Doppler and K-band FMCW (frequency modulated continuous wave) technology, respectively. The ETC network and mobile nodes are organized in an ad hoc manner. The new speedometer sensor is small, inexpensive and low-power device based on the Doppler effects phenomenon to obtain a speed of the vehicle more precisely. The ETC system is capable to locate the position of the vehicles within a long distance from ETC area and without the vehicles even having to slow down during they approach to the ETC gates. The experimental design, data collection and data evaluations are discussed, and the features of the new system have been appraised and compared with a conventional speedometer. The results show that our new speedometer development exhibits a phenomenal performance gains with low cost design, light weight and its performance provides a pragmatic element for emerging ITS infrastructure.

In multihop wireless networks, the quality of communications is degraded due to the relay transmissions over fading channels. Space-time code using multiple transmit antennas is an effective countermeasure for fading. For terminals which have only one antenna due to size/cost limitations, user cooperation has been introduced as a diversity technique. A new cooperative relaying scheme is proposed in order to combat the effects of fading in multihop communications among single antenna terminals. This scheme utilizes space-time code for cooperative relaying and is developed in both frequency-flat and frequency-selective fading channels for exploiting space and path diversity gain. By computer simulations, it is shown that the scheme can achieve almost full spatial diversity in multihop communications by both non-regenerative relaying with SNR estimation and regenerative relaying with error detection.

A 1.5μm CMOS digital signal processor with 150ns instruction cycle time will be reported. The chip contains a 32b floating point parallel multiplier and a 55b floating point ALU. The IC contains 370K transistors.

In this paper we propose a branch-and-bound algorithm for the single-machine earliness-tardiness scheduling problem where weights for earliness and tardiness are independent of jobs. Here, machine idle times are allowed. In our branch-and-bound algorithm, the search tree is generated by fixing the processing order of jobs from the first to the last, or, from the last to the first. To improve the efficiency of the algorithm, we propose new lower bounds. We also show dominance properties that are utilized both for reducing branches in the search tree and for improving the lower bounds. Then, we show the effectiveness of our algorithm by numerical experiments.

We propose a safe traffic speed control based on safe headway distances in AHS: advanced cruise-assist highway systems. Our proposed method is composed of two layers: calculation of reference speed based on safe headway distances and speed control by a closed loop control system in each vehicle. We show some numerical examples on safe headway distances and speed and this control system can almost control the same traffic capacity as that on conventional highways in Japan. Furthermore, we have designed a safe speed controller so that the closed loop of the system is stable and the step response does not overshoot and we show the effectiveness of our proposed control with "anti reset wind up" by MELROSE, which is a microscopic traffic simulator.

Recent results from the negative-ion source experiments and design works of negative-ion-based NBI (neutral beam injection) systems for the JAERI (Japan Energy Research Institute) tokamak (JT-60U) and the FER (Fusion Experimental Reactor) are presented together with a description of the long-range R&D program. A 50-keV, 7.8-A negative-hydrogen-ion beam has been produced successfully for a duration of 100 ms using a cesium-supplied volume source which has 253 extraction apertures of 11.3 mm in diameter. The maximum ion-beam current density is 30 mA/cm/sup 2/ at the source pressure of 1.3 Pa. On the basis of recent promising results from the negative-ion sources, injection of a 500-keV, 10-MW deuterium beam into the JT-60U plasmas in 1994 to heat the core plasma and to drive the plasma current is proposed. >

Residual stresses in the interface region were evaluated for the graphite-copper bonded system to assess the mechanical strength of the bonding interface. The normal stress components of the residual stresses around the interface edge were compared for three types of bonded structures such as a net-type, monoblock-type and saddle-type ones and were calculated to be 44 MPa, 7 MPa and 13 MPa, respectively. Consequently, the saddle-type structure was found to be favorable in the views of its mechanical integrity, fabrication ease and maintenance. The residual stresses around the interface edge in the saddle-type structures with the wedge angles of 45/spl deg/ to 135/spl deg/ were also examined. As the results, an optimal bonded configuration of the graphite-copper saddle-type structure was found to have wedge angle of about 60/spl deg/ for the least value of residual stress.

The construction of 500 keV NBI system using negative-ions has started for studying of mega-ampere level NB current drive and plasma core heating experiments with a high density reactor-like plasma In JT-60U. The specification of the NBI system is; a beam energy of 500 keV, an injection power of 10 MW, a beam duration time of 10 sec with a duty cycle of 1/60, a beam species of deuterium or hydrogen. The power of 10 MW is injected toward tangential/co-direction with one beamline that has two negative-ion sources. The construction of the NBI system will be completed in 1996.

At SORTEC, the 1 GeV SR source facility has been successfully upgraded. The ultrahigh vacuum of the storage ring was completely recovered. At present, the maximum beam lifetime reached 25 h at 500 mA and 80 h at 200 mA. Machine studies are continuing for investigation of the beam behavior at various stored beam currents of up to 500 mA, by using the merit of the full energy injection scheme. In this paper, the performance of RF accelerating system, ion clearing effects and vacuum characteristics are described. As a result, It is shown that the lifetime predicted from the theoretical considerations has been almost attained. >

To develop plasma facing components (PFC) for the next fusion devices, JAERI has been carrying out high heat flux and high particle flux experiments on the divertor modules and candidate materials in JAERI Electron Beam Irradiation System (JEBIS). (1) To investigate the feasibility and the advantage of a saddle type divertor modules, which has unidirectional (1-D) carbon fiber reinforced carbon composites (CFCs) armour tile brazed on OFHC-copper heat sink, high heat flux experiments have been carried out under a cyclic heat load of 24.5 MW/m/sup 2/ at a duration of 30 s. After 1000 cycles, no degradation of thermal response and no defect in the module was found. (2) To reduce the residual stress around the brazed interface, we have developed small specimens with the new materials combination of W-30Cu composites heat sink and 1-D CFC armour tile and carried out the high heat flux experiments under a cyclic heat load of 15 MW/m/sup 2/ at a duration of 20 s. After 1,000 cycles, no cracks have been observed at the interface. (3) To evaluate the erosion of armour tiles by high heat flux, we have measured the erosion of CFCs and isotropic graphite up to 1100/spl deg/C under a heat flux of 1800 MW/m/sup 2/ for the duration of 1.5/spl sim/2 ms. It is clear that the erosion of carbon based materials increases with the bulk temperature and decreases with the thermal conductivity. (4) To evaluate the erosion by high particle flux, we have developed a new irradiation device, which have a high hydrogen particle flux of 10/sup 21//m/sup 2//s at 50/spl sim/100 eV.

10 Gbit/s multiplexers and regenerators are realized utilizing various state-of-the-art LSI technologies. The STM-64 frame processors operating at 1.25 Gb/s have developed for commercial systems by applying high speed silicon bipolar technology. Fully integrated 10 Gbit/s optical transmitters, receivers and STM-64 frame processors completely provide the STM-64 line interface. Stable performance and general characteristics of the multiplexer and regenerator have been confirmed through optical fiber transmission experiments.

This paper presents a method for computing the frequency response gains and H/sub /spl infin//-norm of a sampled-data system with its intersample behavior taken into account. It turns out to have a natural parallelism to the usual methods for continuous-time and pure discrete-time systems, and the frequency response gain at each frequency can be computed to any degree of accuracy in a numerically reliable fashion. >

A negative-ion-based NBI (neutral-beam injection) system is planned as a key device in the JT-60U (JAERI Tokamak-60 upgrade) experimentation involving current drive and plasma core heating with high density plasmas. The NBI system will inject neutral beams of 500 keV, 10 MW for 10 s from a beamline with two ion sources. The neutral beam will be injected tangentially in the co-direction. Each ion source is a modified volume production-type negative-ion source with cesium vapor. The acceleration current is 22 A with a deuterium beam, and the current density is 13 mA/cm/sup 2/. Operational pressure in the negative-ion generator is less than 0.5 Pa. A three-stage electrostatic acceleration system is adopted as the accelerator. The beamline length between the ion source and the injection port is 24 m. The beamline consists of an ion source tank, neutralizer cells of 10 m in length, an ion dump tank, and a drift duct. Residual ions are deflected by the combined magnetic fields produced by the deflecting coils and the stray field from the tokamak. The two sources are connected to an acceleration power supply of 500 kV/64 A/10 s, while the negative-ion generator power, the extraction voltage, and electron-suppression voltage are fed individually. >

Recent results of R&D on plasma facing components for fusion experimental reactors such as the ITER/FER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor/Fusion Experimental Reactor) are presented. Plasma facing components will be exposed to severe heat loads. Thermal cycling tests for first wall mock-ups and divertor mock-ups have been carried out under specified heat flux conditions of ITER/FER in high heat flux test facilities at JAERI. Tests at a stationary heat flux of 0.2 MW/m/sup 2/ for first wall mock-ups, exposed in the normal heat flux part, have confirmed their durabilities and reliabilities against the cyclic heat loads. In experiments at a stationary heat flux of 0.6 MW/m/sup 2/, with exposure also in the high heat flux part, only the radiatively cooled first wall mock-up was tested. A ceramic sleeve covered with pure titanium between the armor and the cooling structure was damaged before reaching a stationary heat flux of 0.6 MW/m/sup 2/. The authors have also confirmed the integrity and the durability of the bonds in the thermal cycling test of brazed carbon-fiber-composite/copper divertor mock-ups at a simulated stationary surface heat flux of 10 MW/m/sup 2/ for 1000 cycles. >

Gold-aluminum wire bonds in LSI is drastically degraded by corrosion of the Au-Al intermetallic compound. This corrosion is due to bromine gas that is emitted when the encapsulant resin is exposed to a high temperature. In this study, temperature dependence of this bond degradation was investigated. Degradation starting times of Au-Al compounds as a function of annealing temperatures ranging from 180 to 280/spl deg/C were studied. The higher the annealing temperature was, the faster shear strength was degraded. Activation energy of this degradation behaviour was calculated to be 110 kJ/mol, which was similar to that of Au-Al intermetallic layer growth. It was found that intermetallic compounds formed with an Au-Al bond by high temperature annealing were corroded by bromine gas at room temperature.

This paper introduces a method of generating and selecting rules for adjusting the priorities of jobs by using genetics-based machine learning (GBML) techniques. In applying the GBML, the authors use the Pitts approach, where the set of rules (rule-set) are represented symbolically as an individual of genetic algorithms, and the fitness of an individual is calculated based on the makespan of the schedule generated by using the rule-set. They actually carried out computational experiments for several problems, which indicate that the method of applying the GBML is effective for finding good rule-sets.

A 500 keV negative-ion based NBI system is under construction for NB current drive and plasma core heating in high density plasmas in JT-60U. Part of the beamline and the high voltage power supply required for a verification test of an ion source have completed in March 1995. After having done a high potential test of the power supply, the negative-ion generation and acceleration tests have started in June 1995 aiming at deuterium beams of 500 keV, 22 A. In initial experiment, deuterium negative-ion beams of 410 keV, 6.1 A (2.5 MW) for 0.2 sec, so far, have been achieved. This is the world highest D/sup -/ current and negative ion beam power. The construction of the total system will be completed by the beginning of 1996, and the beam injection will start in March 1996.

Plasma Facing Components will be exposed to severe heat loads during the normal operation, and will severely be eroded by evaporation and particle emission during disruptions in next generation fusion devices such as International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). In this paper, we present recent major RD (1) thermal cycling experiments on a 1 m long divertor mock-up, (2) disruption simulation tests on B/sub 4/C doped CFCs and tungsten, (3) tensile and bending tests of beryllium/copper alloy duplex structures.

Aim: GEM plus CDDP has been established as standard first-line chemotherapy based on the results of the phase III study (ABC-02) in ABTC. An oral FU derivative, S-1 showed a similar activity to GEM in a phase II study and is mainly used in GEM-refractory pts in Japan. To develop a triplet regimen, GEM + CDDP + S-1 (GPS), we assessed its safety in this phase I study. Methods: The main eligibility criteria were; histologically or cytologically confirmed ABTC, ECOG Performance Status (PS) 0-2, no prior chemotherapy, and written informed consent. Dose limiting toxicities (DLT) were evaluated in following 2 dose levels; GEM (1000 mg/m2 at level 1 and 1200 mg/m2 at level 2 on day 1) + CDDP (fixed dose of 30 mg/m2 on day 1) + S-1 (fixed dose of 40—60 mg/day bid for 7 days), repeated every 2 weeks until progression. The relative dose intensity of GEM and CDDP at level 2 corresponded to 90% of standard GEM plus CDDP regimen. In each level, 6-10 pts were enrolled and assessed. DLTs were evaluated during the first 2 cycles. Results: Between Oct 2011 and Oct 2013, 18 pts were enrolled and 16 pts were evaluated (median age: 71 years, ECOG PS 0/1: 10/6, intrahepatic/extrahepatic/gallbladder: 7/3/6). DLTs (grade 3 nausea to stop S-1 in cycle 1 and treatment delay due to grade 3 neutropenia in cycle 2) at level 1 were observed in 2 of the first 6 pts. Additional 4 pts enrolled at this dose level experienced no DLTs. A DLT (G3 anorexia) at level 2 was observed in 1 of 6 pts. Grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events within the first 2 cycles were leukocytopenia (38%), neutropenia (50%), thrombocytopenia (0.6%), nausea (0.6%), and anorexia (0.6%). Of 14 pts with measurable lesions, 7 (50%) pts had partial response and 6 (43%) patients had stable disease. Median progression free survival was 9.2 months (95%CI 6.8-11.6, event in 63%) and overall survival did not reach the median value (event in 38%). Conclusions: GPS of dose level 2 (GEM 1200 mg/m2 and 30 mg/m2 on day 1 plus S-1 for 1-7 days, given bi-weekly) was well tolerated, and showed preliminary anti-tumor activity. Further study is warranted. Clinical trial information: UMIN000006123. Disclosure: T. Moriwaki: Research funding for other study and honoraria from Taiho Pharmaceutical; I. Hyodo: Research funding for other study from Taiho Pharmaceutical and Lilly. Honoraria from Taiho Pharmaceutical. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

RNase S is a unique protein comprising the non-covalent association of two components, the S-peptide and the S-protein. An RNA-recognition segment derived from the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 Rev protein was conjugated with the S-peptide to form a complex with the S-protein. The resulting RNase S bearing the RNA-recognition segment preferentially hydrolyzed a single position of the RNA stem-loop derived from the specific binding site for the Rev protein.

We report two patients with spiny keratoderma of the palms and soles characterized by multiple tiny keratotic plugs on the palms and soles. This disease was reported to be possibly associated with internal malignancies. We found a tumor from the esophagus to cardia in one patient. Another had no tumor but the lesion occurred soon after a severe bronchial asthma attack. Causal relation between spiny keratoderma of the palms and soles and bronchial asthma is obscure. Since this disease has been under-diagnosed and under-reported, it is important for dermatologists to keep spiny keratoderma of the palms and soles in mind in daily clinical examinations.

We have determined the fixative conditions for TUNEL stain in peripheral blood smears. Murine IL-3 dependent B cell line (BAF-3) was used as positive control. The intensity of fixing solutions effected on the positivity/negativity for TUNEL stain. Alive cells showed positivity for TUNEL stain (false positive), when 70% methyl alcohol, acetone or carnoy fluid was used. In contrast to the strong fixation by high concentrated glutaraldehyde and the phosphate buffer, denatured cells showed to be negative (false negative). The fixation by 0.4% glutaraldehyde and 70% methyl alcohol for 15 min at room temperature, followed by the treatment by 20 micrograms/ml proteinase K for 15 min at 37 degrees C was most suitable for TUNEL stain to detect the apoptotic cells in peripheral blood smears. The frequency of TUNEL positive cells increased significantly in peripheral blood cells treated by apoptosis induced reagents, or infected by CMV. This is a new approach for the techniques to detect the apoptotic cells in peripheral blood smears.

The gene trap technique is a powerful approach for characterizing and mutating genes involved in mouse development. However, one shortcoming of gene trapping is the relative inability to induce subtle mutations. This problem can be overcome by introducing a knock-in system into the gene trap strategy. Here, we have constructed a new gene trap vector, pU-Hachi, employing the Cre-mutated lox system (Araki et al., 1997), in which a pair of mutant lox, lox71 and lox66, was used to promote targeted integrative reaction by Cre recombinase. The pU-Hachi carries splicing acceptor (SA)-lox71-internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)-beta-geo-pA-loxP-pA-pUC. By using this vector, we can carry out random insertional mutagenesis as the first step, and then we can replace the beta-geo gene with any gene of interest through Cre-mediated integration. We have isolated 109 trap clones electroporated with pU-Hachi, and analyzed their integration patterns by Southern blotting to select those carrying a single copy of the trap vector. By use of some of these clones, we have succeeded in exchanging the reporter gene at high efficiency, ranging between 20-80%. This integration system is also quite useful for plasmid rescue to recover flanking genomic sequences, because a plasmid vector sequence can be introduced even when the pUC sequence of the trap vector is lost through integration into the genome. Thus, this method, termed exchangeable gene trapping, has many advantages as the trapped clones can be utilized to express genes with any type of mutation.

In 30 chronic hepatitis C patients co-infected with TTV, TTV DNA in the sera immediately after cessation of IFN and 6 months after the end of IFN was examined. Sustained loss of TTV DNA was observed in 12 of 30 (40.0%) patients. In 7 of 30 (23.3%) patients, TTV DNA re-appeared 6 months after becoming undetectable at the end of IFN therapy. In the remaining 11 patients (36.7%), TTV DNA remained detectable during the entire follow-up period. The ALT values correlated only with the presence of HCV RNA regardless of the effect of IFN on TTV replication. This study indicates that IFN therapy is effective against TTV.

The Six4/AREC3 gene was originally isolated as a regulatory factor which bound to the positive regulatory region of the Na, K-ATPase alpha 1 subunit. It is a murine homologue of the Drosophila sine oculis (so) gene, which is essential for the development of the entire insect visual system. In this study, we attempted to determine the localization of the Six4/AREC3 gene product in the developing mouse retina in order to examine its role in retinal cell differentiation. Immunohistochemistry with anti-SIX4/AREC3 and anti-Na, K-ATPase alpha 1 subunit antisera was performed on developing mouse retinas, and immunoblotting analysis with anti-SIX4/AREC3 was also performed. The localization of Six4-like immunoreactivity (Six4-LI) showed a temporally regulated pattern: During embryonic development, Six4-LI was found in the nuclei of cells located at the inner neuroblastic layer of the retina as early as on ED12, nearly corresponding to the onset of retinal cell differentiation. In the PD1 retina, Six4-LI was observed in the nuclei of the ganglion cells, and increased its intensity until PD4, and thereafter kept its intensity until PD7 when Six4-LI was often found in the cytoplasm. On PD4, the presumptive amacrine cells found in the inner portion of the inner nuclear layer appeared to be immunostained in their nuclei. On PD7, the presumptive bipolar cells located in the outer portion were immunostained in the nuclei. After that, Six4-LI gradually decreased, and in the mature retina no detectable Six4-LI was observed in the nuclei. This pattern of Six4-LI localization during retinal development seemed to correlate with retinal cell differentiation, but did not correlate with the distribution pattern of Na, K-ATPase alpha 1 subunit protein-like immunoreactivity. These results suggest that the Six4 gene may play a role in the differentiation of neural retinal cells during mouse retinal development, rather than regulating the expression of the Na, K-ATPase alpha 1 subunit gene.

In the coming years the decline of nation-states has been predicted and the likelihood of facing enemies without borders will increase dramatically. Technology will shrink the world to a size where anyone with a computer and a modem can retrieve information from the other side of the world through a local phone line. Technology will also tie the world so closely together that national economic boundaries will dissolve and create a global economy. Technology also promises to change the face of warfare. Vice Admiral Cebrowski, in his thought-provoking article on network-centric warfare, introduces a new term to warfare - self-synchronization. Is self-synchronization the answer to mission impossible? To answer this question the term must first be defined. Next a brief glimpse at self-synchronization in other mediums must be examined. Then the steps to create self-synchronization must be delineated. Following that the current military examples of self-synchronization must be presented. It should then be possible to determine if self-synchronization is the solution. If it is the solution every attempt must be made to create this "self-synchronization." The creation of self-synchronization through unity of effort, commander's intent, rules of engagement, and battlespace knowledge is discussed as a starting point to create self-synchronization. The next steps in achieving self-synchronization are to empower individuals by releasing them from the multitude of requirements currently in place and the expectation and acceptance of the military as an adaptive learning organization.

We investigated if blockade of ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP) abolishes the protective effect of ischemic preconditioning (IP) on myocardial metabolism and ischemia-induced reactive hyperemia (RH) in pigs.IP was elicited by a single cycle of 5 min occlusion and 5 min reperfusion of coronary artery, followed by 15 min of test ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion. Vehicle or the ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP) blocker, glibenclamide (3 or 6 mg/kg; G3 or G6) was administered before IP (groups; IP, G3+IP, G6+IP). As respective controls, the same treatment was performed in groups without IP (groups; C, G3, G6). Tissue levels of ATP, creatine phosphate (CP) and intracellular pH (pHi) in the area at risk were measured by 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RH after 5 min of preconditioning ischemia was assessed by regional myocardial blood flow.ATP and pHi were preserved after 15 min of ischemia in the IP group [C/IP; ATP=57+/-4/76+/-10% of baseline, pHi=6.18+/-0.08/6.66+/-0.03, P0.05, C vs. IP]. Both doses of glibenclamide completely abolished the ATP sparing effect of IP. The high dose completely abolished pHi preservation (G6+IP=6.33+/-0.06), while the low dose showed only a partial effect (G3+IP=6.48+/-0.03). Glibenclamide did not adversely affect myocardial metabolism in groups without IP. Glibenclamide attenuated RH after 5 min of ischemia by 30% in both subendocardium and subepicardium.Blockade of KATP abolished the preconditioning effect on myocardial metabolism, and partially attenuated post-ischemic reactive hyperemia in pigs. These results indicate that KATP activation might be involved in the mechanisms of these phenomena, reactive hyperemia is not sufficient to induce IP protection.

Duality symmetries are discussed for non-linear gauge theories of (n-1)-th rank antisymmetric tensor fields in general even dimensions d=2n. When there are M field strengths and no scalar fields, the duality symmetry groups should be compact. We find conditions on the Lagrangian required by compact duality symmetries and show an example of duality invariant non-linear theories. We also discuss how to enlarge the duality symmetries to non-compact groups by coupling scalar fields described by non-linear sigma models., Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX, added references

It was found that activated carbon possessed remarkably higher heat of adsorption for ATF additives (automatic transmission fluid additives) than any other materials contained within the clutch facing. Friction performance tests in low sliding velocity range were conducted for two kinds of clutch facings, containing activated carbon powder or graphite one as key ingredients for adsorption. As the additives mixed to the base oil to form the testing oils, polybutenyl succinimide (SI) was selected as a dispersant, and tricresyl phosphate and dialkyl phosphite were selected as a friction modifier. The results showed that the combination in activated carbon with SI was most effective to improve the initial anti-shudder performance of continuous slip torque converter clutch (CSTCC). It is considered that this effect was due to the strong adsorption of SI to the surface of activated carbon in the clutch facings.

We encountered a patient with bronchial asthma and mucoid impaction who presented with a high concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in serum. The patient was a 46-year-old woman. One year after resection of a uterine myoma and an ovarian cyst, examination of serum revealed a high concentration of CEA (24.1 ng/ml). Further examination revealed no evidence of malignant disease, but an abnormal shadow was seen on a chest X-ray film, and was thought to be compatible with mucoid impaction. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed mucoid impaction in the right lower-lobe bronchus. The concentration of CEA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was also high (6100 ng/ml). Lavage was done five times and the impaction was removed completely. The concentrations of CEA in serum and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid decreased to 3.4 ng/ml and 621.9 ng/ml, respectively.

A 30-year-old woman with Marfan's syndrome had chronic intractable headaches and spontaneous intracranial hypotension. The pain was concentrated over the occipitonuchal region, had elements of both migraine and tension headache, and was often aggravated by postural change. Myelography showed multiple, large, lumbosacral arachnoid diverticula. Radioisotope cisternography revealed a halolike accumulation in the lumbosacral region and rapid uptake of isotope in the urinary bladder, indicating cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Epidural blood patching brought immediate relief from the positional headaches. We concluded that patients with Marfan's syndrome and undifferentiated chronic headaches should be radiologically evaluated for spinal meningeal defects.

To verify the availability of a porous silicon (PS) technology for applications to photonic devices, fundamental chracteristics of PS waveguides are investigated. An edge-emitting device with an optical waveguide is fabricated by current modulation technique during anodization. The net internal loss for prepared samples is measured by varying the length of excitation beam. The experimental results show that the internal loss increases with decreasing the operation wavelength, possibly due to self-absorption and Rayleigh scattering. Besides the step-index PS waveguides, buried-type waveguides can be fabricated based on a doping modulation technique. A theoretical analysis about a bending loss is also carried out. The results of experimental and theoretical analyses suggest that a curveture radius capable of guiding lightwave can be significantly minimized, owing to a difinitely different refractive indedices between the core and cladding region.

During the current phase of the design of the ITER plasma facing components, a large effort has been dedicated to the definition of a comprehensive set of worst-case plasma abnormal events and to the evaluation of the associated effects on the other side. The paper summarises the results of these studies and illustrates the response of selected in-vessel components to the electromagnetic excitation.

Histatins are small molecular weight salivary proteins that are important in the non-immune host defense system. Two frequent cis-linked coding-change mutations were previously described in exon 5 of the HIS2 gene of Blacks. The polymorphic mutant allele was termed HIS2(2) and the wild-type allele HIS2(1). We here describe two new non-coding change polymorphisms of the HIS2 gene: a deletion in intron 5 (7183-7198 del) and a C--T mutation in exon 5 [C--T (7104)] that characterize two new HIS2 alleles, HIS2(3) and HIS2(4) respectively. Both mutations occur on a HIS2(1) background. The HIS2(3) allele occurred only in Afro-Americans, but not in 67 Japanese, 51 Chinese and 50 Whites. Among 66 random DNA samples from Afro-Americans, frequencies of HIS2(1), HIS2(2), HIS2(3) and HIS2(4) were 0.67, 0.22, 0.05 and 0.07 respectively, with a heterozygosity of 0.45. The frequencies of the HIS2(4) allele in 50 Whites and 50 Chinese were 0.06, and 0.1 respectively. In a comparison of 60 matched saliva and DNA samples from the Afro-American population, the DNA-based mutation analysis reliably identified salivary histatin phenotypes. The salivary histatin polymorphism (inferred from PCR analysis) was used to test a biologically plausible hypothesis, that the mutant histatin phenotype (coded by the HIS2(2) allele) confers relative resistance to severe and fatal malaria. In a study of 185 Black Tanzanian subjects, there were no significant differences in HIS2(2) allelic frequencies between the various test groups: for 86 cerebral malaria subjects, 54 uncomplicated malaria subjects, and 45 combined asymptomatic parasitemia and health controls, HIS2(2) frequencies were 0.16, 0.17 and 0.17 respectively. Thus, there was no support for the hypothesis in this population.

Background: Presence of stent fracture (SF) after sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) implantation has reported to be associated with an increased risk of in-stent restenosis and target lesion revascularization (TLR). Incidence of SF and the relevance to cardiovascular events are previously reported. But little is known about the outcomes after repeat DES implantation for SES restenosis lesion with SF. So this study compared the outcomes after repeat PCI for SES restenosis lesion with or without SF. Method: From April 2007 to August 2011, total 2020 lesions implanted SES during PCI at our hospital. Total 148 lesions, 7.3% had restenosis (defined as % diameter stenosis >50%) in follow up angiogram. One hundred seven lesions went to TLR, consisted of 75 lesions with repeat DES implantation and 32 lesions with balloon angioplasty alone. SF was defined as complete or partial separation of the stent as assessed by plain fluoroscopy and detected in 61 lesions of SES restenosis lesions. Thirty-three SES restenosis lesions with SF (SF group) and 42 SES restenosis lesions without SF (non SF group) were retrospectively evaluated re-restenosis rate during follow up after repeated implantation of DES. Result: Baseline characteristics were similar. One-year cumulative incidence of re-restenosis after repeat DES implantation for SF group and non SF group which calculated by Kaplan-Meier method were 68% and 36% (P=0.0332), respectively (Figure 1). ![Figure][1] Figure 1. One-year cumulative incidence of re-restenosis Conclusion: Restenosis lesions with SF had significantly high incidence of re-restenosis after repeat DES implantation. [1]: pending:yes

We produced anti-myeloperoxidase(MPO) monoclonal antibodies(moAb) to detect MPO sensitivity in leukemic cells by visual light microscopy. We got seven kinds of moAbs which showed different properties to MPO. These antibodies reacted to MPO in immature and mature neutrophils, monocytes and HL-60(human myeloid leukemic cell line) by immunochemical detection using the avidin-biotin complex(ABC) staining method, but the amounts of immune complex products were significantly different at each moAb. MPO2, MPO4, MPO9 and MPO13 moAbs blocked MPO activities but MPO5 showed no such inhibition. Most of the moAbs reacted to 59kD MPO moAb using the western blotting method, while MPO4 and MPO5 reacted to both 81kD and 89kD MPO precursors. This data suggests that these moAbs are useful to demonstrate a small amount of MPO in leukemic cells.