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Since the onset of the outbreak im December 2013 and up to the September 20 cut-off, there have been 2,909 deaths in the 6,185 likely cases of Ebola. It is considered that the letality under 50%, considerably lower tan the one reported in previous outbreaks of the disease, is biased due to the dificulty to collect and analyze information. On September 23, WHO showed a review of such estimations, indicating 70% letality. The outbreak was originally reported in Liberia and Guinea. Further cases were reported in Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Senegal. All the cases confirmed by laboratory have been EBOV positive. The initial source of the outbreak was found in the village called Meliandou in the in Guéckédou Prefecture, Guinea. The index case was a two-year-old boy, who die don December 6, 2013. His mother, sister and grandmother also died because of the disease. The people from this village transmitted the disease to people in nera-by villages. The outbreak initially spread to Liberia and then to Sierra Leone. Virus circulation continues in three countries. The transmision of some cases to Nigeria and Senegal led these countries to close their borders to the three formerly mentioned countries and quarantine suspicious individuals. So far, neither country has presented new cases; hence they are considered under control. Likewise, cases imported from those countries into the United States, France, Germany, spain, Switzerland, and the Uited Kingdom have been reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Memorias is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bovine mastitis provokes inflammation of the mammary gland and is mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Highest incidence occurs at drying off period and parturition, where prolactin (PRL) has a relevant function, although its role in the infection has not been studied. In this work, in vitro effect of the bovine PRL (1-50 ng/mL) on endocytosis and intracellular proliferation of S. aureus (ATCC 27543) in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) was evaluated. The BMEC treated during 24 h with 5 ng/mL of bPRL increases ~3 fold the endocytosis of S. aureus, besides inducing bacterial proliferation. This effect was specifically reverted by treating the BMEC with IgG anti-bPRL. S. aureus increased (~3 fold) its endocytosis in BMEC treated with bPRL (5 ng/mL), but the number of infected cells was not modified. In conclusion, the bPRL stimulates the endocytosis and the proliferation of S. aureus in BMEC. i [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veterinaria México is the property of Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia UNAM and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1997, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Mexican Secretariat of Health, and border health officials began the development of the Border Infectious Disease Surveillance (BIDS) project, a surveillance system for infectious diseases along the U.S.-Mexico border. During a 3-year period, a binational team implemented an active, sentinel surveillance system for hepatitis and febrile exanthems at 13 clinical sites. The network developed surveillance protocols, trained nine surveillance coordinators, established serologic testing at four Mexican border laboratories, and created agreements for data sharing and notification of selected diseases and outbreaks. BIDS facilitated investigations of dengue fever in Texas-Tamaulipas and measles in California-Baja California. BIDS demonstrates that a binational effort with local, state, and federal participation can create a regional surveillance system that crosses an international border. Reducing administrative, infrastructure, and political barriers to cross-border public health collaboration will enhance the effectiveness of disease prevention projects such as BIDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aim and objectives To analyse the levels of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, and burnout among nursing professionals working in the Imbabura region of Ecuador during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify the contributing socio-occupational factors. Background The high demand for care of COVID-19 patients led to increased work pressure on nurses, owing to increased demands for care and shortages of medical supplies and protective equipment. Design A cross-sectional study was conducted from September to December 2022 using a self-administered questionnaire addressed to nursing professionals who cared for COVID-19 patients. Methods The questionnaire included socio-demographic characteristics, the Spanish adaptation of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-Spanish), Impact of Event Scale–Revised (IES-R) for the evaluation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the Spanish adaptation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS-Spanish) for burnout assessment. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results Of the 782 participants, 88.6% had a high level of burnout (MBI-HSS-Spanish scale score > 27). Female nurses, nurses with eight-hour work shifts, and older professionals exhibited high levels of anxiety and depression. Prolonged working hours in COVID-19 patient care services were found to be a risk factor for burnout and post-traumatic stress. Conclusions Participating nurses presented with a high level of chronic work stress and exhibited signs of anxiety and depression during the period under consideration. Providing nurses with psychological support measures and performing liaison consultations will alleviate the psychological burden on nurses. Relevance to clinical practice The study has shown that accounting for the environments where the emotional impact is greatest and how to reduce it would not only reduce anxiety, depression, and burnout in nurses but also improve the quality of care, not only in pandemic. Patient or public contribution Nurses contributed to the conduct of the study by participating in the data collection via questionaries.

Foundation: the study of the clinical characteristics of people infected with COVID-19 has shown that factors such as advanced age, male gender and the presence of comorbidities are associated with the clinical variability of this disease.Objective: to determine the comorbidities related to the severity of COVID-19 infections.Methods: research carried out at the San Vicente de Paul Hospital, which includes 200 patients admitted for COVID-19. The collection of information was carried out through the medical records and the degree of severity of COVID-19 was categorized. Pearson's Chi square was used with a significance level of 95%, p≤ 0.005 and the Odds Ratio test for risk estimation.Results: 53% of the patients belong to the male sex and 61.5% presented at least one comorbidity, and arterial hypertension was the most reported (35%); 70% predominated with a serious disease and 2.5% died. Furthermore, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was associated with an increased risk of developing mild to moderate illness from COVID-19.Conclusions: the study favors monitoring the association between comorbidities as the pandemic progressed and using the information as a prognostic factor to guide early intervention and an appropriate therapeutic approach.

Viral diseases pose a significant threat to tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum L.), one of the world’s most economically important vegetable crops. The limited genetic diversity of cultivated tomatoes contributes to their high susceptibility to viral infections. To address this challenge, tomato breeding programs must harness the genetic resources found in native populations and wild relatives. Breeding efforts may aim to develop broad-spectrum resistance against the virome. To identify the viruses naturally infecting 19 advanced lines, derived from native tomatoes, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of small RNAs and confirmation with PCR and RT-PCR were used. Single and mixed infections with tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), tomato golden mosaic virus (ToGMoV), and pepper huasteco yellow vein virus (PHYVV) were detected. The complete consensus genomes of three variants of Mexican ToMV isolates were reconstructed, potentially forming a new ToMV clade with a distinct 3’ UTR. The absence of reported mutations associated with resistance-breaking to ToMV suggests that the Tm-1, Tm-2, and Tm-22 genes could theoretically be used to confer resistance. However, the high mutation rates and a 63 nucleotide insertion in the 3’ UTR, as well as amino acid mutations in the ORFs encoding 126 KDa, 183 KDa, and MP of Mexican ToMV isolates, suggest that it is necessary to evaluate the capacity of these variants to overcome Tm-1, Tm-2, and Tm-22 resistance genes. This evaluation, along with the characterization of advanced lines using molecular markers linked to these resistant genes, will be addressed in future studies as part of the breeding strategy. This study emphasizes the importance of using HTS for accurate identification and characterization of plant viruses that naturally infect tomato germplasm based on the consensus genome sequences. This study provides crucial insights to select appropriate disease management strategies and resistance genes and guide breeding efforts toward the development of virus-resistant tomato varieties.

Background: COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus and presents a wide range of symptoms, both in its acute phase and in its chronic phase. Among the systems that it affects is the Nervous, due to its neurotropic mechanism. Objective: to determine the risk of neurological complications associated with the COVID-19 severity in adult patients. Methods: a descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, which included 143 positive patients for COVID-19 treated at the San Vicente de Paúl Hospital, in Ibarra, Ecuador, during 2021. Neurological complications and the severity of the COVID-19 disease were analyzed. As a measure of association for these variables, the Fisher Test was used (p = ≤ 0.05) and a bivariate analysis was performed. Results: 54% of the patients presented neurological complications of the Central Nervous System, while 46% were of the Peripheral Nervous System; and mild-moderate severity was the most frequent (41%), and hearing impairment had the highest statistical probability of occurring (OR= 74.968; CI: 95%). The case fatality rate in these patients was 7.1%; and in those with neurological complications, 8.4%. Conclusion: the neurological sequelae most likely to occur were hearing impairment and taste impairment, in patients with mild severity and serious severity, respectively; in addition to polyneuropathy in patients with critical severity, which also occurred in deceased patients. Keywords: Coronavirus infections; neurologic manifestations; central nervous system; peripheral nervous system; severity of illness index

Background: cognitive impairment in patients with neurocysticercosis is frequent, therefore, it is very useful to have prognostic instruments to establish a better management of it.Objective: to propose a predictive scale of cognitive impairment in adult patients with neurocysticercosis.Methods: study with a correlational, prospective and cross-sectional design, which included 93 patients with neurocysticercosis. Through data provided by previous research, the variables related to the appearance of cognitive impairment were selected in the bivariate analysis (p As a multivariate analysis technique, a multidimensional scaling (PROXSCAL) was performed (s-stress < 0.001 and Tucker's congruence coefficient > 0.999). The prognostic performance of each of the variables was determined by means of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values, with their respective 9 5% confidence intervals.Results: a scale with a dichotomous format was developed, which included 7 factors (4 clinical and 3 tomographic), with which a score of 0 to 7 points was obtained for the prediction of cognitive impairment in adult patients with neurocysticercosis, with a probability of: 0-1 point: 75.3 %; 2-3 points: 95 %; ≥ 4 points: 96 %.Conclusion: the proposed instrument has an acceptable prognostic accuracy; it is simple, reproducible and requires little time for its application. This score can improve the quality of care for patients with neurocysticercosis, since it allows guiding the management of this condition

Background: Many patients with neurocysticercosis manifest cognitive damage, with important effects on their quality of life.Objective: to determine the correlation between cognitive status and tomographic findings in patients with neurocysticercosis.Method: correlational, prospective and cross-sectional study, which included 93 patients diagnosed with neurocysticercosis treated in two Ecuadorian hospitals, from May 2019 to May 2020. The Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination was used for cognitive assessment. The relative risk and the Chi square test were estimated, considering statistical significance if pResults: among the tomographic findings, lesions greater than 1 cm (32.2%), multiple (30.1%), located in the parietal region (34.4%) and subarachnoid (46.2%) enhance. The cognitive evaluation showed normal results in 74.2% of the cases, as well as mild to moderate dementia in 9.7% of the patients. The most affected area was the language (54.8%). Dementia was mainly associated with lesion size greater than 1 centimeter [RR: 7.35; 95% CI: 1.62-33.3], followed by the number of lesions (multiple or racemose) and the mixed topography. In the multivariate analysis, these lost the correlation.Conclusion: The cognitive deficit had a lower prevalence than that described in the specialized literature, and was associated with tomographic variables such as the size, number and location of the lesions; in multivariate analysis, none of these factors maintained their statistical significance

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the world, causing 2 million deaths annually; 80 % of them in low- or middle-income countries. Objective: To relate the level of cardiovascular risk, profession, and labor duality in professors from the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra, 2021-2022. Material and Methods: Non-experimental, relational, cross-sectional study, whose universe consisted of 96 professors from the Faculty of Health Sciences of the Universidad Técnica del Norte. The individual levels of RCVC, which were obtained through the Framingham risk assessment scale adapted from REGICOR, were estimated; a descriptive analysis of the variables was carried out; mean, standard deviation, as well as frequencies and percentages were applied in the qualitative ones. The association between variables was evaluated using the chi-square statistical test, with 95 % confidence interval and a p value ≤ 0.05. Results: The female sex (79.2 %) and labor duality (57.3 %) prevailed among the professors studied; the average of total cholesterol exceeded the desired limits (202.57 mg/dl), HDL cholesterol prevailed with values lower than normal and the low level of cardiovascular risk prevailed. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that there is a statistically significant association between the level of cardiovascular risk and the profession of the educators from the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Técnica del Norte, Ibarra. The difference in the number of professors with a low and medium level of cardiovascular risk was greater among those who practice labor duality.

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 mainly affects the respiratory system, but the damage caused by this virus also extends to other systems, including the nervous system, and the mechanisms of neurological infection can be direct or indirect. Objective: To determine the relationship between neurological manifestations and disease severity in symptomatic COVID-19 positive patients at San Vicente de Paul Hospital in 2021. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using medical records of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and neurological manifestations, which were classified into manifestations of the central nervous system and manifestations of the peripheral nervous system. Results: The results show that 74,1 % of patients presented neurological manifestations; the highest percentage was concentrated in patients who developed severe disease (15 [60 %], CNS; 91 [77,1 %], PNS; 125 [65,4 %], CNS and PNS). The joint presence of central and peripheral neurological manifestations was significantly associated with critical COVID-19 (P value= 0,011; OR: 2,005). The mortality rate reached 2,69 %. Conclusions: Neurological manifestations in hospitalized COVID-19 patients are very common, and critical COVID-19 is more likely to have neurological manifestations.

Desde el punto de vista científico y tecnológico ha habido un gran interés en el uso de monosustituyentes de furano y tiofeno como polímeros conductores, debido a sus múltiples aplicaciones como OLED, amplificadores ópticos, nanotecnología, entre otros. Por ello, el propósito de este trabajo fue estudiar los aspectos teóricos que afectan las propiedades electroconductoras de este tipo de moléculas. Se determinaron teóricamente los aspectos estructurales y electrónicos que influyeron en la conductividad de copolímeros de furano–tiofeno monosustituidos, al utilizar grupos carboxilos, metilos, hidroxilos, ciano y fluoruros como sustituyentes en el carbono C3 y C10 de cada heterociclo. La diferencia de energía entre el LUMO y el HOMO (band gap, Eg) y el potencial de ionización (PI) fue calculada a partir de las geometrías optimizadas en DFT para el estado neutro, anión y catión. Los PI y la Eg de los copolímeros fueron obtenidos mediante la extrapolación de los valores del oligómero a (1/N) y de una cadena de longitud infinita (1/N = 0), obteniéndose una correlación lineal (R = 0,99), la cual se mantiene a lo largo de todos los modelos de ajuste de cada copolímero analizado en el estudio.

Viruses are an important disease source for beans. In order to evaluate the impact of virus disease on Phaseolus biodiversity, we determined the identity and distribution of viruses infecting wild and domesticated Phaseolus spp. in the Mesoamerican Center of Domestication (MCD) and the western state of Nayarit, Mexico. We used small RNA sequencing and assembly to identify complete or near-complete sequences of forty-seven genomes belonging to nine viral species of five genera, as well as partial sequences of two putative new endornaviruses and five badnavirus- and pararetrovirus-like sequences. The prevalence of viruses in domesticated beans was significantly higher than in wild beans (97% vs. 19%; p < 0.001), and all samples from domesticated beans were positive for at least one virus species. In contrast, no viruses were detected in 80–83% of the samples from wild beans. The Bean common mosaic virus and Bean common mosaic necrosis virus were the most prevalent viruses in wild and domesticated beans. Nevertheless, Cowpea mild mottle virus, transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, has the potential to emerge as an important pathogen because it is both seed-borne and a non-persistently transmitted virus. Our results provide insights into the distribution of viruses in cultivated and wild Phaseolus spp. and will be useful for the identification of emerging viruses and the development of strategies for bean viral disease management in a center of diversity.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the diversity and genetic relationships between lines and varieties of the sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) germplasm bank of the National Institute for Forestry, Agriculture and Livestock Research, Mexico, using AFLP and SSR markers. The molecular markers revealed robust amplification profiles and were able to differentiate the 41 genotypes of sweet sorghum evaluated. Analysis of the frequency and distribution of polymorphic fragments allowed for the detection of unique (AFLP) and rare (SSR) alleles in several genotypes (RBSS‑8, RBSS‑9, RBSS‑25, RBSS‑32, and RBSS‑37), indicating that these markers may be associated with a feature that has not yet been determined or may be useful for the identification of these genotypes. The genetic relationships indicated the presence of at least two types of sweet sorghum: a group of modern genotypes used for sugar and biofuel production, and another group consisting of historic and modern genotypes used for the production of syrups. Sweet sorghum genotypes may be used to develop new varieties with higher sugar and juice contents.

Introducción: la linfagiectasia intestinal se caracteriza por la dilatación de los linfáticos intestinales, comportándose como una enteropatía perdedora de proteínas. Objetivos: presentar un caso de linfagiectasia intestinal primaria con respuesta favorable al tratamiento. Presentación de Caso: Paciente de 21 años que ingresó con astenia, pérdida de peso, edemas, diarreas y distensión abdominal. Los complementarios mostraron linfocitopenia e hipoproteinemia y la biopsia intestinal fue compatible con linfagiectasia. Se trató con Prednisona, Tetraciclina, Albúmina y Dieta. Discusión: la linfagiectasia se caracteriza por manifestaciones dependientes de la obstrucción linfática, la hipoproteinemia y la linfocitopenia. En el diagnóstico son útiles el empleo de proteínas marcadas con isótopos radioactivos, radiología contrastada, ultrasonografía, endoscopía y biopsia con estudio histológico. Se han ensayado diferentes tratamientos con resultados variables, siendo prometedor el uso de Octreotide. Conclusión: Se presenta un caso de linfagiectasia primaria con histología característica y respuesta satisfactoria al tratamiento. Palabras Clave: Enteropatía perdedora de proteínas, Hipoalbuminemia, Hipoproteinemia, linfagiectasia intestinal.

Introducción: la úlcera péptica gastroduodenal constituye después de la hemorragia la complicación ulcerosa más frecuente y la más grave de todas. Ocurre entre el 2 y 5 % de los pacientes con enfermedad ulcerosa y sus síntomas son provocados por la acción del jugo gástrico derramado en la cavidad abdominal. Objetivo: valorar la evolución de los pacientes operados de urgencia con el diagnóstico de úlcera gastroduodenal perforada. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo con carácter prospectivo en el periodo comprendido entre enero del 2005 y diciembre del 2011. El universo estuvo constituido por todos los pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por úlcera gastroduodenal perforada en el servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital General Docente "Enrique Cabrera" durante ese período. Los datos fueron transferidos a una planilla de recolección de datos que posteriormente fue procesada y analizada en el Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Los resultados se expresaron en tablas y gráficos, y solo se usaron técnicas de estadística descriptiva; distribuciones de frecuencia absolutas y relativas para las variables cuantitativas y media aritmética para las cuantitativas. Resultados: el grupo de edad predominante fue de mayores de 60 años con 42,4 %. El sexo masculino fue el de mayor incidencia con un 88 %. La asociación tabaco más café y solo tabaco constituyeron los hábitos tóxicos más frecuentes con 23,1 % cada uno. El dolor abdominal estuvo presente en el 100 % de los pacientes. La radiografía de tórax con el paciente de pie fue el estudio complementario más utilizado para corroborar la sospecha diagnóstica. En el 77 % de los pacientes se evidenció el neumoperitoneo radiológico. La úlcera duodenal fue la localización más frecuente (19 pacientes). En 15 pacientes (57,7 %) se realizó la sutura y epiploplastia como tratamiento de urgencia. La complicación postoperatoria más frecuente fue la dehiscencia de la herida quirúrgica. Un paciente falleció en el postoperatorio con diagnóstico de bronconeumonía. Conclusiones: los pacientes mayores de 60 años de edad y del sexo masculino constituyeron el mayor número con el diagnóstico de úlcera gastroduodenal perforada. La localización más frecuente de la úlcera fue en el duodeno. La sutura y epiploplastia fue el proceder más utilizado como tratamiento. La dehiscencia de la sutura fue la complicación que más se observó en la serie.

More than 20% of the tarsometatarsal joint injuries (Lisfranc injuries) occur during motor vehicle accidents. This kind of trauma is infrequent and in 50% of cases closed reduction is used. A 18 year-old male patient sustained a high-energy trauma resulting in a Gustilo and Anderson III B open Lisfranc fracture dislocation of the left foot. Surgical debridement, open reduction and internal fixation, and immediate skin coverage were performed. The secondary complication rate may decrease with stringent treatment adherence and proper care of severe orthopedic injuries. Treatment of the latter, including bone and soft tissue injuries (skin, subcutaneous tissue, fascias, musculotendinous junctions, ligaments, periosteum, and neurovascular structures) should follow a multidisciplinary protocol: extensive debridement of nonviable tissue, eradication of infections, and tissue reconstruction or coverage. Thus, any orthopedic surgeon should possess basic knowledge of this protocol. Proper management, using the right technique in each case, and the right timing of treatment are of the utmost importance.