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The purpose of this research work is to synthesize near-infrared dye-sensitized nanocomposites with core-shell nanostructures of titanium dioxide/reduced nanographene oxide (TiO

The increased land-use change (LUC) from native lands to other land use at the Conoor region of western ghats in Tamil Nadu has severely declined soil carbon concentration. Therefore to quantify this decline, Carbon Management Index (CMI) was worked out under major land uses {(Forest (FOR), cropland (CRP), tea plantation (TEA)} using total organic carbon (TOC) and carbon pools under varying degrees of lability {a) NLC (non-labile carbon) b) VLC (very labile carbon) c) LC (labile carbon) d) LLC (less labile carbon)}. Results portray that the carbon pools were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in FOR than in TEA and CRP. The contribution of active pools {(very labile carbon (VLC) and labile carbon (LC)} towards TOC was higher in TEA and CRP, whereas in FOR, the passive pool {(less labile carbon (LLC) and non-labile carbon (NLC)} was higher. TOC (0-45 cm) was concentrated on the surface soils of FOR (32.88 g kg-1), CRP (11.87 g kg-1) and TEA (18.84 g kg-1) and it gradually declined with the increase in depth. The decline in TOC was maximum between 0 – 15 and 15 – 30 cm depth in CRP (30.62%) and FOR (22.17%), whereas it was maximum (37.16%) between 15 -30 and 30 -45 cm depth in TEA. Therefore, LUC spotlights the degradation of carbon pools and its extent was quantified using the carbon management index (CMI). The CMI (0 – 45 cm) recorded at CRP (12.93) and TEA (32.62) signals the need for an implementation of carbon management strategies at Conoor to keep the soils alive and protect biodiversity.

Land uses are pivotal in global carbon cycles. The native forest lands possess a greater potential to sequester higher carbon, which can directly address soil quality and climate change problems. Unfortunately, the rapid conversion of forests to other land use over the past few decades has significantly declined the concentration of carbon in the soils. Therefore, in order to estimate the impact of land-use change (LUC) on soil carbon status, this present study was attempted under major ecosystems (Forest (FOR), cropland (CRP), tea plantation (TEA)) of Conoor. Results from findings revealed that total organic carbon (TOC) concentration and carbon pools were significantly (p TEA > CRP. These results clearly indicate that the LUC has inflicted a greater impact on soil carbon status and its extent was quantified using the land degradation index (LDI). The LDI (0-45 cm) recorded in CRP (-38.65) and TEA (-61.75) signals the need for immediate implementation of carbon management strategies in the CRP and TEA ecosystem to keep the soils of Conoor alive and prevent land degradation.

Raja, Prakasam, Arulanandam, Lourdusamy John Peter, Soosairaj, Sebastian, Kabeer, Kadher Althaf Ahammed (2023): A new species of Justicia L. (Acanthaceae) from Tamil Nadu, India. Adansonia (3) 45 (17): 285-291, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a17

Justicia tamilnadensis P.Raja & Soosairaj, sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2; Table 1). Justicia tamilnadensis P.Raja & Soosairaj, sp. nov. is morphologically closely allied to Justicia salsoloides T.Anderson. It differs by its herbaceous, slender, purplish-green, glabrous, and angled stem, elliptic-oblong, lanceolate, glabrous, sub-sessile leaves, corolla pubescent on throat within and sub-terete capsules. TYPUS. — India. Tamil Nadu, Pudukkottai district, Poosathurai, (10°20’58”N, 78°47’22”E), c. 82 m, 11.X.2021, P. Raja & S. Soosairaj 4760 (holo-, RHT!; iso-, MH!). DISTRIBUTION, HABITAT AND ECOLOGY. — Justicia tamilnadensis sp. nov. is presently known only from the type locality where less than 20 individuals have been observed in open places in Vellar river bed at elevations of 70-85 m and associated with Fimbristylis falcata (Vahl) Kunth, Platostoma menthoides (L.) A.J.Paton, Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L., Dyschoriste madurensis (Burm.f.) Kuntze, Eragrostis viscosa (Retz.) Trin., Euphorbia corrigioloides Boiss., Leucas diffusa Benth., Curculigo orchioides Gaertn., Cyanotis cristata (L.) D.Don, Vachellia leucophloea (Roxb.) Maslin, Siegler. & Ebinger and Melanocenchris monoica (Rottler) C.E.C.Fisch. PHENOLOGY. — Flowering and fruiting were observed from July to December. ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet tamilnadensis refers to one of the south Indian states Tamil Nadu from where the specimens were collected. CONSERVATION STATUS. — Justicia tamilnadensis sp. nov. was observed at only one location which is fragmented by transportation. The total population of this species is enumerated to be less than 20 individuals, and based on the field observation, the conservation status of the species has been evaluated accordingly. We have been surveying the entire Pudukkottai district and the surrounding regions since 2012. And from the entire study in the past decade, it was noted that the proposed species is found only in that specific location (Fig. 3). The geographic range for the Area of Occupancy (AOO) is c. 0.5 km ² and the distribution is limited to the type locality (IUCN 2022). Urbanization, transportation and expansion of the highly invasive Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC. threatens the population of this species. Hence, this species is classified in criterion B (AOO) under B2a and B2b and criterion D (number of mature individuals is less than 20) as well to meet the criteria for the Critically Endangered B2ab (ii,iii,v); D. ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED. — India. Tamil Nadu, Pudukkottai district, Poosathurai, (10°20’58”N, 78°47’22”E), c. 80 m, 09.X.2022, P . Raja 4766 (RHT!). DESCRIPTION Prostrate herb, 200-300 mm long; rootstock woody with fleshy roots. Stem prostrate, angled, slender, glabrous, bearded at nodes. Leaves sub-sessile, 9-35 × 3-6 mm, subcoriaceous, elliptic to oblong, opposite, cuneate at base, margins entire on young leaves and occasionally margins undulate on mature leaves, obtusely acute at apex, mid nerve prominent, lateral nerves 3-4, obscure. Inflorescence sub-terminal and terminal spikes, 15-50 mm long, loosely arranged, peduncle 4-10 mm long. Bracts linear-lanceolate, 5-9 × 2-3 mm, base truncate, margin entire, apex acute, ciliate at base. Bracteoles 2, lanceolate, 10-12 × 1.5-2 mm, 3-nerved, nerves obscure, base truncate, margin entire, ciliate at base, acute at apex. Flowers 1 cm long; calyx lobes 5, equal in length, 5 × 1 mm, narrow, linear, cuneate at base, acute at apex, pubescent; corolla 1 cm long, pubescent without; corolla tube 5 mm long, pubescent in throat; bilabiate, upper two-lobed, lobes connate except tip, lower broadly 3-lobed, mid lobe broader than lateral lobes, 4 × 3 mm, purplish inside, lateral lobes 4 × 2 mm, white inside. Stamens 2, exserted; filaments 5 mm long, glabrous; anthers 2-celled, pubescent on upper anther cell, 3 mm long with 1 mm appendage on lower anther cell. Pistil 8 mm long, ovary 2 × 1.5 mm, ovules 4, style slender, 6 mm long, pubescent on basal half, stigma simple. Capsule 12-15 × 5 mm, sub-terete, white tomentose without, shortly mucronate at apex. Seeds 3-4, echinate. TAXONOMIC COMMENTS Justicia tamilnadensis sp. nov. and J. salsoloides are restricted in distribution (Carnatic regions of Indian Peninsula). In the field, the habit of J. tamilnadensis closely resembles to that of Lepidagathis cristata Willd. and it could be mistaken in the absence of inflorescences. The rootstock of J. tamilnadensis resembles that of the Justicia trinervia Vahl. There are about 5-7 fleshy roots per plant. Each root is about 100-160 mm long and 2-3 mm wide and deeply rooted to the barren or gravel soil up to 200 mm in depth. The tuberous root system enables the persistent stem to tolerate the dry season., Published as part of Raja, Prakasam, Arulanandam, Lourdusamy John Peter, Soosairaj, Sebastian & Kabeer, Kadher Althaf Ahammed, 2023, A new species of Justicia L. (Acanthaceae) from Tamil Nadu, India, pp. 285-291 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (17) on pages 286-289, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a17, http://zenodo.org/record/8135393, {"references":["IUCN 2022. - IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 2022 - 1. https: // www. iucnredlist. org"]}

KEY TO THE GENUS JUSTicia L. FROM TAMIL NADU, INDIA 1. Calyx lobes 5............................................................................................................................................... 2 — Calyx lobes 4............................................................................................................................................. 14 2. Shrubs or undershrubs................................................................................................................................ 3 — Erect or diffuse herbs................................................................................................................................. 12 3. Anther cells minutely apiculate at base........................................................................................................ 4 — Anther cells with prominent white appendage at base................................................................................. 5 4. Inflorescence capitate.................................................................................. J. beddomei (C.B.Clarke) Bennet — Inflorescence spikes.................................................................................................................. J. adhatoda L. 5. Capsule 2-2.5 cm long................................................................................................................................ 6 — Capsule less than 2 cm long........................................................................................................................ 7 6. Erect shrubs. Leaves 6-9 cm broad................................................................................... J. santapaui Bennet — Procumbent undershrub. Leaves 0.5-1.5 cm broad.......................... J. nilgherrensis (Nees) Wight ex C.B. Clarke 7. Leaves less than 3 cm long........................................................................................................................... 8 — Leaves more than 5 cm long........................................................................................................................ 9 8. Bracts elliptic, acute.................................................................................................. J. salsoloides T.Anderson — Bracts orbicular or obcordate, short-apiculate............................................................... J. tranquebariensis L.f. 9. Capsule pubescent..................................................................................................................................... 10 — Capsule glabrous........................................................................................................... J. gendarussa Burm.f. 10. Seeds spinulose or echinate when wetted................................................................................................... 11 — Seeds softly round-tuberculate when wetted.............................................................. J. wynaadensis B.Heyne 11. Bracts white with green nerves; bracteoles similar....................................................................... J. betonica L. — Bracts not as above; bracteoles different, often absent............................................................ J. glauca Rottler 12. Leaves more than 5 cm broad................................................................................................. J. scandens Vahl — Leaves less than 1 cm broad....................................................................................................................... 13 13. Bracts white with green nerves. Seeds tuberculate when wetted............................................. J. trinervia Vahl — Bracts not as above. Seeds echinate when wetted.......................... J. tamilnadensis P.Raja & Soosairaj, sp.nov. 14. Spikes stout, cylindric............................................................................................................................... 15 — Spikes slender, linear................................................................................................................................. 18 15. Subshrubs or undershrubs; branchlets somewhat woody........................................................................... 16 — Herbaceous; branchlets slender.................................................................................................................. 17 16. Bracts with bulbous based white hairs. Capsule pubescent.......................................... J. neesii Ramamoorthy — Bracts not as above. Capsule glabrous........................................................... J. latispica (C.B.Clarke) Gamble 17. Spikes up to 3 cm long......................................................................................................... J. procumbens L. — Spikes more than 5 cm long................................................................................................ J. simplex D.Don 18. Calyx lobes obtuse at apex................................................................... J. quinqueangularis J.Koenig ex Roxb. — Calyx lobes acute at apex........................................................................................................................... 19 19. Bracts and bracteoles ovate.................................................................................................... J. diffusa Willd. — Bracts and bracteoles lanceolate................................................................................................................. 20 20. Seeds tuberculate.......................................................................... J. prostrata (Roxb. ex C.B.Clarke) Gamble — Seeds papillae............................................................................................................................................ 21 21. Leaves ovate-elliptic or linear-lanceolate, acute, glabrous........................................................... J. vahlii Roth — Leaves ovate or orbicular, obtuse, strigose above, villous beneath......................... J. nepalensis V.A.W.Graham, Published as part of Raja, Prakasam, Arulanandam, Lourdusamy John Peter, Soosairaj, Sebastian & Kabeer, Kadher Althaf Ahammed, 2023, A new species of Justicia L. (Acanthaceae) from Tamil Nadu, India, pp. 285-291 in Adansonia (3) (3) 45 (17) on page 290, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2023v45a17, http://zenodo.org/record/8135393

A total labeling ξ is defined to be an edge irregular total absolute difference k-labeling of the graph G if for every two different edges e and f of G there is wt(e) ≠ wt(f) where weight of an edge e = xy is defined as wt(e) = |ξ(e) − ξ(x) − ξ(y)|. The minimum k for which the graph G has an edge irregular total absolute difference labeling is called the total absolute difference edge irregularity strength of the graph G, tades(G). In this paper, we determine the total absolute difference edge irregularity strength of the precise values for some families of graphs. Publisher's Version

According to Bloom’s Taxonomy, Cognitive Development is to transform the thinking levels of students from a Low Order Cognition (LOC) to a Higher Order Cognition (HOC). According to Bloom there are six levels within the cognitive sphere which include the dimensions; remembering, understanding, applying, analyzing, evaluating and creating. This article presents a scientific method to evaluate whether question papers administered by an institution caters to all the aforesaid cognitive level of Bloom’s Taxonomy. A software application QAUDIT was created to analyze the same using the text mining method to find terms or words pertaining to each question in the question paper. Text extraction and text categorization mechanism were employed in the software application.

Let [Formula: see text] be a simple connected graph. A configuration of pebbles is a function from [Formula: see text] to a set of integers. Consider a configuration of pebbles on [Formula: see text]. A pebbling move consists of removing two pebbles off a vertex and placing one on an adjacent vertex. The monophonic pebbling number of [Formula: see text] is the smallest integer [Formula: see text] from which we can put one pebble to a target using monophonic path through pebbling moves. The monophonic [Formula: see text]-pebbling number of [Formula: see text] is the smallest positive integer [Formula: see text] such that from any configuration of [Formula: see text] pebbles we can put [Formula: see text] pebbles on a target using monophonic path. Here we discuss these concepts for families of cycles.

Cashew is cultivated in varied agro-ecological regions of India and yield levels vary with regions. Therefore, to identify stable genotype for yield, 18 genotypes were tested in four environments for nut yield and related traits during 2008 to 2018 in randomized block design with two replications. The data of 6th annual harvest and cumulative nut yield of six years was analyzed employing AMMI and GGE methods. Analysis of variance for 6th annual harvest indicated significant differences (p

Purpose: Indian literature in English has dealt with partition for a long time. Many heartbreaking stories and accounts of partition continue to be written and discussed, and the blame game is still not over. The event was an unparalleled catastrophe in recent history that affected Sikhs, Sindhis, Hindus, Punjabis, and Bengalis in particular. This article discusses the extremely complicated topic of partition, which includes politics of greed, the abdication of authority, and male and female suffering during and after the split. The topic has been the subject of numerous regional and English-language books. The goal of this research paper is to examine literary works with the topic of partition. It examines selected texts that shed light on women’s lived experiences of the traumatic events that occurred during Partition. In an effort to comprehend the diverse nature of the trauma women endured during Partition, it attempts to connect these texts. Design: The information for the article comes from secondary sources like national and international publications and peer-reviewed journals. For the purpose of determining the research gap, online resources and research resources like Google Scholar, Research Gate, SSRN, Elsevier, Academia, and Shodhganga are utilized. ABCD analysis is used to draw attention to the most important aspects of the research. To carry out the proposed research, data are gathered from research journals, doctoral theses, scholarly articles, and websites. The methodology relies primarily on gathering, analyzing, and interpreting prior knowledge, with an emphasis on the keywords Partition Literature in India. Trauma Theory, Traumatic Stress and Women trauma of the chosen topic. The APA Manual was used to conduct the study’s analyses in accordance with its requirements. Findings: It has been comprehend the dynamics of partition and its impact on disadvantaged groups, particularly women. It discusses how novels about Partition depict trauma. Originality value: The proposed study focuses primarily on the psychological trauma of the partition victims. Paper Type: Research Article

S6. FLYWCH1 mutation in human cancers and analysis of cell cycle by flow cytometry

This file contains Supplementary Figures 1-9 legends, and Supplementary Tables 1 & 2.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a critical role during development of both normal and malignant colorectal cancer tissues. Phosphorylation of β-catenin protein alters its trafficking and function. Such conventional allosteric regulation usually involves a highly specialized set of molecular interactions, which may specifically turn on a particular cell phenotype. This study identifies a novel transcription modulator with an FLYWCH/Zn-finger DNA-binding domain, called “FLYWCH1.” Using a modified yeast-2-hybrid based Ras-Recruitment system, it is demonstrated that FLYWCH1 directly binds to unphosphorylated (nuclear) β-catenin efficiently suppressing the transcriptional activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling that cannot be rescued by TCF4. FLYWCH1 rearranges the transcriptional activity of β-catenin/TCF4 to selectively block the expression of specific downstream genes associated with colorectal cancer cell migration and morphology, including ZEB1, EPHA4, and E-cadherin. Accordingly, overexpression of FLYWCH1 reduces cell motility and increases cell attachment. The expression of FLYWCH1 negatively correlates with the expression level of ZEB1 and EPHA4 in normal versus primary and metastatic colorectal cancer tissues in patients. Thus, FLYWCH1 antagonizes β-catenin/TCF4 signaling during cell polarity/migration in colorectal cancer.Implications:This study uncovers a new molecular mechanism by which FLYWCH1 with a possible tumor suppressive role represses β-catenin-induced ZEB1 and increases cadherin-mediated cell attachment preventing colorectal cancer metastasis.

Accelerating land-use change (LUC) in the Nilgiri Hill Region (NHR) has caused its land to mortify. Although this deterioration has been documented, the destruction of buried gem soil has not been reported. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the impact of LUC on soil-carbon dynamics in the six major ecosystems in the NHR: croplands (CLs), deciduous forests (DFs), evergreen forests (EFs), forest plantations (FPs), scrublands (SLs), and tea plantations (TPs). Sampling was conducted at selected sites of each ecosystem at three depth classes (0–15, 15–30, and 30–45 cm) to quantify the carbon pools (water-soluble carbon, water-soluble carbohydrates, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, dehydrogenase, and different fractions of particulate organic carbon). We found that the LUC significantly decreased the concentration of carbon in the altered ecosystems (49.44–78.38%), with the highest being recorded at EF (10.25%) and DF (7.15%). In addition, the effects of the LUC on the aggregate size of the organic carbon were dissimilar across all the aggregate sizes. The relatively high inputs of the aboveground plant residues and the richer fine-root biomass were accountable for the higher concentration of carbon pools in the untouched EFs and DFs compared to the SLs, FPs, TPs, and CLs. The results of the land-degradation Index (LDI) depicted the higher vulnerability of TP (−72.67) and CL (−79.00). Thus, our findings highlight the global importance of LUC to soil quality. Henceforth, the conservation of carbon pools in fragile ecosystems, such as the NHR, is crucial to keep soils alive and achieve land-degradation neutrality.

Purpose: This study focuses on the themes of displacement, space, and identity depicted in the post-colonial novels of Jhumpa Lahiri, Rohinton Mistry, and Manju Kapur. Post-colonial writings, particularly novels, deal with two major issues concerning the ‘modern people’ - displacement and search for identity. This study tries to analyze the treatment of these themes in the selected novels of the authors selected for the study. Design/Methodology/Approach: For the study, many research articles, books, and research theses have been reviewed. Previous studies on similar lines have been thoroughly read and reviewed to get a comprehensive idea of the work that has been done so far. Both offline and online resources have been consulted for the study. An exploratory analytical discussion approach of research methodology is adopted to carry on the study. Finding/Result: After reading and reviewing the resources available on the topic selected for the study, it has been found that the theme of displacement, space and search for identity has been a recurrent theme in the novels of Jhumpa Lahiri, Rohinton Mistry, and Manju Kapur. These issues have been dealt with in the novels of these writers either explicitly or as an underlying theme. Originality/Value: The study proposed to be conducted will be original since the study dwells mainly on displacement it focuses on space in the formation of identity. Space excludes and includes individuals and communities. The analysis on displacement in connection with space and identity in the writings of the diasporic writers and writings on diaspora sheds a light on the aspects of the formation of identities in the postcolonial scenario. Paper Type: Review Article