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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Essa pesquisa se propôs a analisar como ocorre o processo de recontextualização das informações em algumas mídias brasileiras online acerca da polêmica envolvendo o glifosato, devido aos diferentes pareceres fornecidos pelas agências de pesquisas sobre a provável/improvável relação entre o glifosato e o desenvolvimento de câncer em seres humanos, bem como analisar como a inclusão do discurso do “outro” evidencia um possível posicionamento perante à temática. O corpus da pesquisa é formado por 13 notícias publicadas no período de 2015 e 2016, em diferentes jornais e revistas brasileiros online, que divulgaram informações sobre as conclusões da avaliação da IARC, EFSA, EPA e do comitê conjunto da FAO/OMS. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos nessa pesquisa, primeiramente, as notícias foram separadas em grupos de acordo com a linha editorial dos jornais e revistas. Assim, buscou-se analisar o uso das estratégias divulgativas de explicação, denominação e argumento de autoridade, no processo de recontextualização e argumentação, baseando-se nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Análise do Discurso da Divulgação Científica (CALSAMIGLIA, 1997; CASSANY, LÓPEZ e MARTÍ, 2000; CALSAMIGLIA et al., 2001; CATALDI, 2003; 2007; 2011; FERRERO, 2011; GOMES, 2000; 2007; VAN DIJK, 2011), da Mescla de Vozes (MARCUSCHI, 1991; FERRERO, 2011) e da Análise da Argumentação (PERELMAN, 2005; CHARAUDEAU, 2014; EMEDIATO, 2005). A análise evidenciou que a estratégia divulgativa de explicação foi empregada, principalmente, de modo associativo, em que o glifosato foi predominantemente relacionado ao Roundup e/ou à Monsanto. Quanto à estratégia de denominação, concluiu-se que ela foi relevante para o processo de recontextualização, sendo, na ausência de uma explicação, utilizada para o esclarecimento do termo técnico. Contudo, ao contrário do esperado, a denominação não se mostrou muito expressiva no que diz respeito a uma possível tomada de posição diante da polêmica. Nesse caso, foi a introdução do discurso alheio que explicitou os possíveis posicionamentos. Assim, tratando-se de um tema polêmico, observou-se que foram estabelecidas duas propostas a respeito do glifosato – uma o apresenta como uma substância nociva e outra o apresenta de modo inócua – e que os argumentos de autoridade foram utilizados como justificativa de uma dessas propostas, revelando assim os possíveis posicionamentos de cada grupo de notícias. This study aims to analyze the process of recontextualization of information in Brazilian online media about the controversial glyphosate, due to the different opinions provided by the research agencies on the probable/improbable relation between glyphosate and the development of cancer, as well as to analyze how the inclusion of the discourse of the "other" can evidence a possible position about the theme. The corpus of this study is composed of 13 news published in the period 2015 and 2016, in different online Brazilian newspapers and magazines, which disseminated information about the conclusions of the evaluation of IARC, EFSA, EPA and the joint meeting FAO/WHO. To achieve the objectives of this research, firstly, the news were separated into groups according to the editorial line of newspapers and magazines. Thus, we sought to analyze the use of publishing strategies of explanation, denomination and authority argument in recontextualization and argumentation process, based on the theoretical and methodological perspective of Discourse Analysis of Science Communication (CALSAMIGLIA, 1997; CASSANY, LÔPEZ and MARTÍ, 2000 ; CALSAMIGLIA et al., 2001; CATALDI, 2003; 2007; 2011; FERRERO, 2011; GOMES, 2000; 2007; VAN DIJK, 2011), The Blending of Voices (MARCUSCHI, 1991; FERRERO, 2011) and Analysis of Argumentation (PERELMAN, 2005, CHARAUDEAU, 2014; EMEDIATO, 2005). The analysis showed that the explanation strategy was mainly used in an associative way, in which glyphosate was predominantly related to Roundup and/or Monsanto. In terms of the denomination strategy, it was concluded that it was relevant to the recontextualization process, because, in the absence of an explanation, it was used to clarify the technical term. However, the denomination was not a very expressive strategy concerning a possible position in the face of controversy about glyphosate. In this case, the introduction of the discourse of others explained the possible positions. Thus, as a controversial topic, it was noted it were created two concepts about glyphosate – one presents the glyphosate as a harmful substance and other presents it as an innocuous substance – and the authority arguments were used as justification for one of these concepts, so, it was revealed the possible positions of each group of news.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico O presente estudo analisa os ritos fúnebres recomendados em testamentos por moradores da cidade de Mariana entre a segunda metade do século XVIII e a primeira da centúria seguinte. O pressuposto norteador é de que a ideia então vigente a respeito de uma morte socialmente desejável supunha o envolvimento do indivíduo em laços sociais de diferentes naturezas e mobilizava uma série de instrumentos de modo a garantir duração a um determinado conteúdo de memória. Em outros termos, uma boa morte estava associada à intercessão dos vivos e à capacidade de ser lembrado entre eles. Desse ponto de vista, o trabalho não apenas investiga as práticas fúnebres preferidas e seus significados adjacentes, mas também os grupos envolvidos na execução dos cuidados póstumos e as expectativas mnemônicas encerradas nessas medidas. Os diferentes quadros sociais manifestados na documentação foram levados em conta, por meio dos quais observou-se o mútuo condicionamento entre dimensão religiosa e familiar e a crescente projeção desta última no avançar do Oitocentos. The present study analyzes the funeral rites recommended in the wills of residents of the city of Mariana between the second half of the Eighteenth Century and the first of the next Century. The guiding assumption is that the then-current idea of a socially desirable death supposed the involvement of the individual in social ties of different nature and mobilized a series of instruments in order to guarantee duration to a certain content of memory. In other words, a good death was associated with the intercession of the living and the ability to be remembered among them. From this point of view, this work not only investigates preferred funeral practices and their adjacent meanings, but also the different groups involved in the execution of posthumous care and the mnemonic expectations contained in these measures. The different social frameworks expressed in the documentation were taken into account, through which the mutual conditioning between religious and family dimension was observed, and the increasing projection of the latter in the advance of the Nineteenth Century.

O estudo tem como objetivo analisar a magnitude da ocorrência e os perfis sociodemográfico, econômico e clínico de casos de hanseníase vinculados à redes de convívio domiciliar (RCD) com sobreposição da doença em municípios dos estados da Bahia, do Piauí e de Rondônia, Brasil, no período de 2001 a 2014. Trata-se de estudo transversal, com dados primários e secundários de casos novos de hanseníase, notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e residentes nos municípios. Foram realizadas a aplicação de instrumento padronizado aos casos novos e a revisão de dados em prontuários e na base do SINAN. De um total de 1.032 (29,6%) casos de hanseníase abordados, 538 (52,1%) tinham mais de um caso em sua RCD. Maior frequência de pessoas do sexo feminino (292; 54,3%), com idade entre 41 a 60 anos (240; 44,6%), ensino fundamental (272; 50,6%), renda menor que um salário mínimo (265; 49,3%) e residindo com cinco pessoas ou mais (265; 49,3%). A ocorrência de sobreposição de casos na RCD foi associada, na análise multivariada, a residir em municípios do Estado de Rondônia (RP = 1,23; IC95%: 1,07-1,43; p = 0,003), assim como morar com três a quatro pessoas no mesmo domicílio (RP = 1,66; IC95%: 1,11-2,49; p = 0,014) e ter reação hansênica (RP = 1,31; IC95%: 0,99-1,70; p = 0,050). A repetição de casos de hanseníase em uma mesma RCD representa um evento frequente nos cenários abordados. Sua ocorrência deve ser considerada como indicador sentinela de maior gravidade epidemiológica para a vigilância na rede de atenção básica à saúde. Ressalta-se o caráter de vulnerabilidade das famílias acometidas. The study sought to analyze the magnitude of occurrence and the sociodemographic, economic and clinical profiles of leprosy associated with household social networks (HSN), with disease overlap in cities from the states of Bahia, Piauí and Rondônia, Brazil, from 2001 to 2014. This is a cross-sectional study using primary and secondary data regarding new cases of leprosy notified to the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN, in Portuguese) residing in the cities. We applied a standardized instrument to the new cases and reviewed data from charts and from SINAN. Of a total of 1,032 (29.6%) assessed cases, 538 (52.1%) had more than one case in their HSN. There were larger frequencies of female sex (292; 54.3%), age between 41 and 60 years (240; 44.6%), primary education (272; 50.6%), income lower than the minimum wage (265; 49.3%) and living with 5 or more people (265; 49.3%). The overlap of cases in the HSN was associated in the multivariate analysis with residing in cities in the state of Rondônia (PR = 1.23; 95%CI: 1.07-1.43; p = 0.003), as well as living with 3 to 4 people in the same household (PR = 1.66; 95%CI: 1.11-2.49; p = 0.014) and having leprosy reaction (PR = 1.31; 95%CI: 0.99-1.70; p = 0.050). Case repetition within the same HSN is a frequent event in the situations we studied. Its occurrence must be considered as a sentinel indicator of greater epidemiological severity in primary health care surveillance. We highlight the vulnerability of affected families. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la magnitud de la ocurrencia y los perfiles sociodemográficos, económicos y clínicos de casos de lepra, vinculados a las redes de convivencia domiciliaria (RCD), con sobreposición de la enfermedad, en municipios de los estados de Bahía, Piauí y Rondônia, Brasil, durante el período de 2001 a 2014. Se trata de un estudio transversal, con datos primarios y secundarios de casos nuevos de lepra, notificados en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Obligada Notificación (SINAN, por su sigla en portugués) y residentes en los municipios. Se procedió a la aplicación de un instrumento estandarizado a los casos nuevos y a la revisión de datos en prontuarios y base de datos del SINAN. De un total de 1.032 (29,6%) casos de lepra abordados, 538 (52,1%) tenían más de un caso en su RCD. Existía una mayor frecuencia de personas del sexo femenino (292; 54,3%), con edades comprendidas entre 41 y 60 años (240; 44,6%), enseñanza fundamental (272; 50,6%), renta menor a un salario mínimo (265; 49,3%) y residiendo con 5 personas o más (265; 49,3%). La ocurrencia de sobreposición de casos en la RCD se asoció en el análisis multivariado a residir en municipios del estado de Rondônia (RP = 1,23; IC95%: 1,07-1,43; p = 0,003), así como vivir con de 3 a 4 personas en el mismo domicilio (RP = 1,66; IC95%: 1,11-2,49; p = 0,014) y sufrir reacción leprótica (RP = 1,31; IC95%: 0,99-1,70; p = 0,050). La repetición de casos de lepra en una misma RCD representa un evento frecuente en los escenarios abordados. Su ocurrencia debe ser considerada como un indicador centinela de mayor gravedad epidemiológica para la vigilancia en la red de atención básica en la salud. Se resalta el carácter de vulnerabilidad de las familias participantes.

The study sought to analyze the magnitude of occurrence and the sociodemographic, economic and clinical profiles of leprosy associated with household social networks (HSN), with disease overlap in cities from the states of Bahia, Piauí and Rondônia, Brazil, from 2001 to 2014. This is a cross-sectional study using primary and secondary data regarding new cases of leprosy notified to the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN, in Portuguese) residing in the cities. We applied a standardized instrument to the new cases and reviewed data from charts and from SINAN. Of a total of 1,032 (29.6%) assessed cases, 538 (52.1%) had more than one case in their HSN. There were larger frequencies of female sex (292; 54.3%), age between 41 and 60 years (240; 44.6%), primary education (272; 50.6%), income lower than the minimum wage (265; 49.3%) and living with 5 or more people (265; 49.3%). The overlap of cases in the HSN was associated in the multivariate analysis with residing in cities in the state of Rondônia (PR = 1.23; 95%CI: 1.07-1.43; p = 0.003), as well as living with 3 to 4 people in the same household (PR = 1.66; 95%CI: 1.11-2.49; p = 0.014) and having leprosy reaction (PR = 1.31; 95%CI: 0.99-1.70; p = 0.050). Case repetition within the same HSN is a frequent event in the situations we studied. Its occurrence must be considered as a sentinel indicator of greater epidemiological severity in primary health care surveillance. We highlight the vulnerability of affected families. O estudo tem como objetivo analisar a magnitude da ocorrência e os perfis sociodemográfico, econômico e clínico de casos de hanseníase vinculados à redes de convívio domiciliar (RCD) com sobreposição da doença em municípios dos estados da Bahia, do Piauí e de Rondônia, Brasil, no período de 2001 a 2014. Trata-se de estudo transversal, com dados primários e secundários de casos novos de hanseníase, notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e residentes nos municípios. Foram realizadas a aplicação de instrumento padronizado aos casos novos e a revisão de dados em prontuários e na base do SINAN. De um total de 1.032 (29,6%) casos de hanseníase abordados, 538 (52,1%) tinham mais de um caso em sua RCD. Maior frequência de pessoas do sexo feminino (292; 54,3%), com idade entre 41 a 60 anos (240; 44,6%), ensino fundamental (272; 50,6%), renda menor que um salário mínimo (265; 49,3%) e residindo com cinco pessoas ou mais (265; 49,3%). A ocorrência de sobreposição de casos na RCD foi associada, na análise multivariada, a residir em municípios do Estado de Rondônia (RP = 1,23; IC95%: 1,07-1,43; p = 0,003), assim como morar com três a quatro pessoas no mesmo domicílio (RP = 1,66; IC95%: 1,11-2,49; p = 0,014) e ter reação hansênica (RP = 1,31; IC95%: 0,99-1,70; p = 0,050). A repetição de casos de hanseníase em uma mesma RCD representa um evento frequente nos cenários abordados. Sua ocorrência deve ser considerada como indicador sentinela de maior gravidade epidemiológica para a vigilância na rede de atenção básica à saúde. Ressalta-se o caráter de vulnerabilidade das famílias acometidas. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la magnitud de la ocurrencia y los perfiles sociodemográficos, económicos y clínicos de casos de lepra, vinculados a las redes de convivencia domiciliaria (RCD), con sobreposición de la enfermedad, en municipios de los estados de Bahía, Piauí y Rondônia, Brasil, durante el período de 2001 a 2014. Se trata de un estudio transversal, con datos primarios y secundarios de casos nuevos de lepra, notificados en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Obligada Notificación (SINAN, por su sigla en portugués) y residentes en los municipios. Se procedió a la aplicación de un instrumento estandarizado a los casos nuevos y a la revisión de datos en prontuarios y base de datos del SINAN. De un total de 1.032 (29,6%) casos de lepra abordados, 538 (52,1%) tenían más de un caso en su RCD. Existía una mayor frecuencia de personas del sexo femenino (292; 54,3%), con edades comprendidas entre 41 y 60 años (240; 44,6%), enseñanza fundamental (272; 50,6%), renta menor a un salario mínimo (265; 49,3%) y residiendo con 5 personas o más (265; 49,3%). La ocurrencia de sobreposición de casos en la RCD se asoció en el análisis multivariado a residir en municipios del estado de Rondônia (RP = 1,23; IC95%: 1,07-1,43; p = 0,003), así como vivir con de 3 a 4 personas en el mismo domicilio (RP = 1,66; IC95%: 1,11-2,49; p = 0,014) y sufrir reacción leprótica (RP = 1,31; IC95%: 0,99-1,70; p = 0,050). La repetición de casos de lepra en una misma RCD representa un evento frecuente en los escenarios abordados. Su ocurrencia debe ser considerada como un indicador centinela de mayor gravedad epidemiológica para la vigilancia en la red de atención básica en la salud. Se resalta el carácter de vulnerabilidad de las familias participantes.

A tese aqui empreendida oferece um esforço analítico acerca dos espaços de participação disponíveis na estrutura institucional do Mercado Comum do Sul (MERCOSUL), entre os anos 1991 e 2018. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, o estudo se dedicou ao exame de três órgãos responsáveis pelo fomento à participação como instrumento de democratização, superação de um déficit democrático histórico e melhora da accountability no âmbito do processo de integração em questão, a saber: Foro Consultivo Econômico e Social, Parlamento do MERCOSUL e Cúpula Social do MERCOSUL. Tivemos por objetivo oferecer um estudo aprofundado acerca das possibilidades e limites da participação nessas instâncias regionais, sobretudo no contexto de mudança de paradigma da integração, observado a partir do início da década de 2000. Para tal, lançamos mão de um modelo de análise que, através da observação dos Desenhos Institucionais das Instituições Participativas, oferece um arcabouço investigativo que nos permite estabelecer um diagnóstico acerca da efetividade, ao passo que lança luzes também sobre as possibilidades e limites da participação de diferentes atores no âmbito dessas instituições. Nesse sentido, a análise se concentrou na observação de quatro dimensões principais: (1) institucionalização, (2) potencial inclusivo e democratizante, (3) dinâmica do processo decisório e (4) representação no interior das IPs. Além dessas dimensões, incluímos no estudo uma quinta, a saber, (5) contexto de instituição do órgão, como indicado por diversos estudiosos dos Desenhos Institucionais das Instituições Participativas. No tocante à abordagem teórica, o estudo se insere nos campos de estudos acerca da: efetividade das instituições participativas; democracia participativa e; democracia cosmopolita, este último, no âmbito do qual se problematiza a emergência de atores e a instituição de espaços participativos em múltiplos níveis da gestão democrática – do local ao global – e que, por sua vez, surgem como consequência da Globalização capitalista, em seus amplos aspectos. O texto está estruturado em introdução, quatro capítulos e conclusões. A título de conclusões, sugerimos que a estrutura do Bloco carece ainda de importantes adequações com vistas a atribuir uma maior relevância a seus espaços participativos regionais e, potencialmente, promovê-los como contribuintes em um plano mais arrojado de governança democrática global. As plataformas participativas estudadas, apesar de apresentarem algum grau de burocratização, são pouco previsíveis do ponto de vista procedimental. Não obstante, a sobreposição de funções e uma comunicação pouco eficiente entre os órgãos inviabilizam uma ação coordenada dos atores e se estabelecem como elementos de fragilidade. Ademais, percebemos que o apoio conferido em discurso pelos líderes executivos não se converteu em incentivos substanciais à absorção das demandas desses espaços pelo processo decisório no âmbito do Bloco. Desta feita, concluímos, persiste ainda o hiato entre o insulamento e a democratização do MERCOSUL, ao que chamamos de “persistente trade-off da integração sul-americana”. This thesis offers an analytical effort about the spaces of participation available in the institutional structure of the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR), between 1991 and 2018. Through bibliographic and documentary research, the study was devoted to examining three bodies responsible for promoting participation as a tool for democratization, overcoming a historical democratic deficit and improving accountability in the integration process in question, namely: Economic and Social Consultative Forum, MERCOSUR Parliament and MERCOSUR Social Summit. The purpose of the investigation was to offer an in-depth study of the possibilities and limits of participation in these regional institutions, especially in the context of integration paradigm shift, observed from the beginning of the decade of 2000. To this end, we use a research model that, through the observation of the Institutional Design of Participatory Institutions, offers an investigative framework that allows us to establish a diagnosis about effectiveness, while also throws lights on the possibilities and limits for the participation of different actors within the framework of these institutions. In this sense, the analysis focused on the observation of four main dimensions: (1) institutionalization, (2) inclusive and democratizing potential, (3) decision-making dynamics and (4) representation within these participatory institutions. In addition to these dimensions, we included in the study a fifth, that is, (5) institution setting context, as indicated by several scholars of Institutional Design of Participatory Institutions. Regarding the theoretical approach, it fits into the fields of studies about: the effectiveness of participatory institutions; participatory democracy and; cosmopolitan democracy, this last one within which problematizes the emergence of actors and the creation of participatory spaces at multiple levels of democratic management – from local to global – which, in turn, arise as a consequence of capitalist Globalization, in its broad aspects. The text is structured in introduction, four chapters and conclusions. By way of conclusion, we suggest that the Bloc's structure still lacks important adaptations with a view to giving greater importance to its regional participatory spaces and, potentially, to promoting them as contributors to a more daring plan of global democratic governance. The participatory platforms studied, although presenting some degree of bureaucratization, are unpredictable from a procedural point of view. Nevertheless, the overlapping of functions and inefficient communication between the organs make the coordinated action of the actors unfeasible and establish themselves as elements of fragility. Moreover, we realize that the support given by the executive leaders in speech did not convert into substantial incentives to absorb the demands of these spaces through the decision-making process within the Bloc. This time, we conclude, there is still a gap between MERCOSUR's insulation and democratization, which we call the “persistent trade-off of South American integration”. La tesis aquí emprendida ofrece un esfuerzo analítico acerca de los espacios de participación disponibles en la estructura institucional del Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR), entre los años 1991 y 2018. Por medio de investigación bibliográfica y documental, el estudio se dedicó al examen de tres órganos responsables por el fomento a la participación como instrumento de democratización, superación de un déficit democrático histórico y mejora de la accountability en el marco del proceso de integración en cuestión, a saber: Foro Consultivo Económico y Social, Parlamento del MERCOSUR y Cumbre Social del MERCOSUR. Tuvimos por objetivo ofrecer un estudio en profundidad acerca de las posibilidades y límites de la participación en estas instancias regionales, sobre todo en el contexto del cambio de paradigma de la integración, observado a principios de la década de 2000. Para ello, lanzamos mano de un modelo de análisis que, mediante la observación de los Diseños Institucionales de las Instituciones Participativas, ofrece un marco de investigación que nos permite establecer un diagnóstico acerca de la eficacia, mientras que arroja luz también sobre las posibilidades y los límites de la participación de diferentes actores en el marco de esas instituciones. En este sentido, el análisis se centró en la observación de cuatro dimensiones principales: (1) institucionalización, (2) potencial inclusivo y democratizador, (3) dinámica del proceso decisorio y (4) representación en el interior de las instituciones participativas. Además de esas dimensiones, incluimos en el estudio una quinta, a saber, (5) contexto de institución del órgano, según lo indicado por diversos estudiosos de los Diseños Institucionales de las Instituciones Participativas. Con respecto al abordaje teórico, el estudio se inserta en los campos de estudios acerca de la: efectividad de las instituciones participativas; democracia participativa y democracia cosmopolita, este último, en el marco del cual se problematiza la emergencia de actores y la institución de espacios participativos en múltiples niveles de la gestión democrática – desde el local hasta al global – y que, a su vez, emergen como consecuencia de la Globalización capitalista, en sus amplios aspectos. El texto está estructurado en introducción, cuatro capítulos y conclusiones. A título de conclusiones, sugerimos que la estructura del Bloque carece aún de importantes adecuaciones con vistas a atribuir una mayor relevancia a los espacios participativos regionales y, potencialmente, promoverlos como contribuyentes en un plano más audaz de gobernanza democrática global. Las plataformas participativas estudiadas, aunque presentan cierto grado de burocratización, son impredecibles desde el punto de vista procesal. Sin embargo, la superposición de funciones y la comunicación ineficiente entre los órganos hacen dificil una acción coordinada de los actores y se establecen como elementos de fragilidad. Además, nos dimos cuenta de que el apoyo brindado por los líderes ejecutivos en el nivel del discurso no se convirtió en incentivos sustanciales para absorber las demandas de estos espacios en el proceso de toma de decisiones dentro del Bloque. De esta manera, concluimos, hay todavía una brecha entre el aislamiento y la democratización del MERCOSUR, a que llamamos de "persistente trade-off de la integración sudamericana".

Background: Target-controlled infusion (TCI) systems allow the administration of drug to achieve a target blood or site-effect concentration. We determine induction and recovery times and the amount of drug used with TCI systems vs. manual induction. Objective: To determine whether the induction of propofol TCI and manual infusion are two comparable techniques. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted in which sixty-two ASA I-II patients scheduled for elective surgery received induction using TCI or manually. Anaesthetic induction was achieved with remifentanil (0.25 μg/kg/min) and propofol (manual bolus injection: 2 mg/kg, or target blood concentration: 5 μg/ml with the TCI system [Marsh model]) with maintenance doses of remifentanil (0.15 μg/kg/min) and propofol (manually 0.10 mg/kg/min or 2.5-4 μg/ml using the TCI system). In both groups, rocuronium bromide was used (induction and maintenance doses: 0.6 and 0.3 mg/kg, respectively) as was morphine (0.1 mg/kg) 45 min before the end of the surgery. We measured: induction, operative and recovery mean times; bispectral index, heart rate, blood pressure, costs, haemodynamic instability, and intraoperative awareness. A telephone questionnaire was administered 1 month later. Results: The mean induction time was longer in the TCI than the manual group (1.76 ± 0.94 vs. 0.9 ±0.4 min; p < 0.001), but the total dose of propofol (TCI: 112.4 ±60.9 vs. manual: 133.8 ± 80.3 ml, p = 0.241) tended to be smaller and the recovery time was significantly shorter (TCI: 7.48 ±3.1 vs. manual: 10.3 ± 4.9 min) (p = 0.008). Condusions: Induction with propofol using TCI is similar to manually delivered propofol. Antecedentes: los sistemas de infusión controlada por objetivo (TCI) permiten la administración de fármacos para lograr una concentración en sangre de destino o sitio-efecto. Determinamos los tiempos de inducción y recuperación y la cantidad de fármacos que se usa con los sistemas TCI vs inducción manual. Objetivo: comprobar si la inducción de propofol en TCI y la infusión manual son dos técnicas comparables. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo en el que sesenta y dos pacientes ASA I-II programados para cirugía electiva recibieron inducción manualmente o usando TCI. La inducción de anestesia se logró con remifentanilo (0,25 μg/kg/min) y propofol (inyección de bolo Manual: 2 mg/kg, o concentración en sangre: 5 μg/ml con el sistema TCI [modelo de Marsh]) con dosis de mantenimiento de remifentanilo (0,15 μg/kg/min) y propofol (0,10 manualmente mg/kg/min o 2.5-1 μg/ml utilizando el sistema de TCI). En ambos grupos, se utilizó bromuro de rocuronio (dosis de inducción y mantenimiento: 0,6 y 0,3 mg/kg, respectivamente) así como la morfina (0,1 mg/kg) 45 minutos antes del final de la cirugía. Medimos: tiempos medios de inducción, mantenimiento y de recuperación; índice biespectral, la frecuencia cardíaca, la presión arterial, los costes, la inestabilidad hemodinámica y el despertar intraoperatorio. Un cuestionario telefónico se administró 1 mes después. Resultados: La media de tiempo de inducción fue mayor en el grupo TCI que en el grupo manual (1,76 ±0,94 vs. 0,9 ±0,4 min; p< 0,001), pero la dosis total de propofol (TCI: 112,4 ±60,9 vs Manual: 133,8 ± 80,3 ml, p = 0,241) tendía a ser más pequeña y el tiempo de recuperación fue significativamente más corto (TCI: 7,48 ±3,1 vs. manual de: 10,3 ± 4,9 min) (p = 0,008) en el grupo TCI. Conclusiones: inducción de propofol en TCI es comparable a la infusión manual.

Background Target-controlled infusion (TCI) systems allow the administration of drug to achieve a target blood or site-effect concentration. We determine induction and recovery times and the amount of drug used with TCI systems vs. manual induction. Objective To determine whether the induction of propofol TCI and manual infusion are two comparable techniques. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted in which sixty-two ASA I–II patients scheduled for elective surgery received induction using TCI or manually. Anaesthetic induction was achieved with remifentanil (0.25 μg/kg/min) and propofol (manual bolus injection: 2 mg/kg, or target blood concentration: 5 μg/ml with the TCI system [Marsh model]) with maintenance doses of remifentanil (0.15 μg/kg/min) and propofol (manually 0.10 mg/kg/min or 2.5–4 μg/ml using the TCI system). In both groups, rocuronium bromide was used (induction and maintenance doses: 0.6 and 0.3 mg/kg, respectively) as was morphine (0.1 mg/kg) 45 min before the end of the surgery. We measured: induction, operative and recovery mean times; bispectral index, heart rate, blood pressure, costs, haemodynamic instability, and intraoperative awareness. A telephone questionnaire was administered 1 month later. Results The mean induction time was longer in the TCI than the manual group (1.76 ± 0.94 vs. 0.9 ± 0.4 min; p Conclusions Induction with propofol using TCI is similar to manually delivered propofol.

In a society where the ideology of shareholder value maximization (SVM) prevails, how do evaluators make appraisal and bonus decisions when corporate social responsibility (CSR) measures and financial measures in the balanced scorecard (BSC) point in different directions? To explore this question, we conducted two studies to develop and test a conceptual framework. Participants were asked to evaluate the performance of two managers, using a case we wrote about a commercial bank. We found that (1) evaluators are more willing to drop CSR performance measures than financial measures from the evaluations; (2) perceived CSR relevance is influenced by where evaluators stand in regard to CSR (“stakeholder view” in the “Perceptions of the Role of Ethics and Social Responsibility” or PRESOR scale) and also by where evaluators believe shareholders stand (shareholder support); and (3) there is a financial bias in appraisal and bonus decisions when CSR measures are used in the BSC, consistent with SVM ideology. We conclude by discussing the implications of the influence of SVM ideology on the use of CSR measures in terms of business research, practice, and education.

Purpose – This article examines management accounting practice in relation to the two aspects of Enterprise Risk Management (ERM): risk management and internal controls. Methodology/Approach – We conducted a survey of experienced management accountants to find out about the risk management and internal control aspects of their current ERM practices, and their perceived effectiveness in performing various ERM roles, within the context of the ERM culture and the level of information systems support for ERM in their organizations. Findings – In terms of the risk management aspects of ERM, the management accountants in the survey contribute highly to managing risks of a financial or compliance/legal nature and tend to focus mostly on risks with potentially higher impact and higher likelihood of occurring. In terms of the internal control aspects of ERM, they play a highly important role in ERM activities related to prevention and internal risk treatment. Their organizations have an ERM culture that is perceived as open to challenging discussions about risk and have implemented IS support for management accounting in areas such as information security and standardized information architecture. Overall, the effectiveness of their contributions to ERM is perceived to be high in the areas of compliance and finance-related risk. Originality/Value – We develop a framework and offer empirical evidence about the ERM contributions of management accountants. We propose and use two original scales: one to classify ERM activities, and the other to assess ERM culture.

The study sought to analyze the magnitude of occurrence and the sociodemographic, economic and clinical profiles of leprosy associated with household social networks (HSN), with disease overlap in cities from the states of Bahia, Piauí and Rondônia, Brazil, from 2001 to 2014. This is a cross-sectional study using primary and secondary data regarding new cases of leprosy notified to the Brazilian Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN, in Portuguese) residing in the cities. We applied a standardized instrument to the new cases and reviewed data from charts and from SINAN. Of a total of 1,032 (29.6%) assessed cases, 538 (52.1%) had more than one case in their HSN. There were larger frequencies of female sex (292; 54.3%), age between 41 and 60 years (240; 44.6%), primary education (272; 50.6%), income lower than the minimum wage (265; 49.3%) and living with 5 or more people (265; 49.3%). The overlap of cases in the HSN was associated in the multivariate analysis with residing in cities in the state of Rondônia (PR = 1.23; 95%CI: 1.07-1.43; p = 0.003), as well as living with 3 to 4 people in the same household (PR = 1.66; 95%CI: 1.11-2.49; p = 0.014) and having leprosy reaction (PR = 1.31; 95%CI: 0.99-1.70; p = 0.050). Case repetition within the same HSN is a frequent event in the situations we studied. Its occurrence must be considered as a sentinel indicator of greater epidemiological severity in primary health care surveillance. We highlight the vulnerability of affected families.O estudo tem como objetivo analisar a magnitude da ocorrência e os perfis sociodemográfico, econômico e clínico de casos de hanseníase vinculados à redes de convívio domiciliar (RCD) com sobreposição da doença em municípios dos estados da Bahia, do Piauí e de Rondônia, Brasil, no período de 2001 a 2014. Trata-se de estudo transversal, com dados primários e secundários de casos novos de hanseníase, notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e residentes nos municípios. Foram realizadas a aplicação de instrumento padronizado aos casos novos e a revisão de dados em prontuários e na base do SINAN. De um total de 1.032 (29,6%) casos de hanseníase abordados, 538 (52,1%) tinham mais de um caso em sua RCD. Maior frequência de pessoas do sexo feminino (292; 54,3%), com idade entre 41 a 60 anos (240; 44,6%), ensino fundamental (272; 50,6%), renda menor que um salário mínimo (265; 49,3%) e residindo com cinco pessoas ou mais (265; 49,3%). A ocorrência de sobreposição de casos na RCD foi associada, na análise multivariada, a residir em municípios do Estado de Rondônia (RP = 1,23; IC95%: 1,07-1,43; p = 0,003), assim como morar com três a quatro pessoas no mesmo domicílio (RP = 1,66; IC95%: 1,11-2,49; p = 0,014) e ter reação hansênica (RP = 1,31; IC95%: 0,99-1,70; p = 0,050). A repetição de casos de hanseníase em uma mesma RCD representa um evento frequente nos cenários abordados. Sua ocorrência deve ser considerada como indicador sentinela de maior gravidade epidemiológica para a vigilância na rede de atenção básica à saúde. Ressalta-se o caráter de vulnerabilidade das famílias acometidas.El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la magnitud de la ocurrencia y los perfiles sociodemográficos, económicos y clínicos de casos de lepra, vinculados a las redes de convivencia domiciliaria (RCD), con sobreposición de la enfermedad, en municipios de los estados de Bahía, Piauí y Rondônia, Brasil, durante el período de 2001 a 2014. Se trata de un estudio transversal, con datos primarios y secundarios de casos nuevos de lepra, notificados en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Obligada Notificación (SINAN, por su sigla en portugués) y residentes en los municipios. Se procedió a la aplicación de un instrumento estandarizado a los casos nuevos y a la revisión de datos en prontuarios y base de datos del SINAN. De un total de 1.032 (29,6%) casos de lepra abordados, 538 (52,1%) tenían más de un caso en su RCD. Existía una mayor frecuencia de personas del sexo femenino (292; 54,3%), con edades comprendidas entre 41 y 60 años (240; 44,6%), enseñanza fundamental (272; 50,6%), renta menor a un salario mínimo (265; 49,3%) y residiendo con 5 personas o más (265; 49,3%). La ocurrencia de sobreposición de casos en la RCD se asoció en el análisis multivariado a residir en municipios del estado de Rondônia (RP = 1,23; IC95%: 1,07-1,43; p = 0,003), así como vivir con de 3 a 4 personas en el mismo domicilio (RP = 1,66; IC95%: 1,11-2,49; p = 0,014) y sufrir reacción leprótica (RP = 1,31; IC95%: 0,99-1,70; p = 0,050). La repetición de casos de lepra en una misma RCD representa un evento frecuente en los escenarios abordados. Su ocurrencia debe ser considerada como un indicador centinela de mayor gravedad epidemiológica para la vigilancia en la red de atención básica en la salud. Se resalta el carácter de vulnerabilidad de las familias participantes.

Orientador: Fátima Regina Rodrigues Évora Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas Resumo: Esta dissertação se propõe a analisar a possibilidade do vácuo no espaço e tempo nas obras de Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, dando prioridade à sua maturidade, e tendo como referência a correspondência que estabelece com Samuel Clarke. Para tanto, nossa análise envolve as ontologias do espaço e do tempo, os quais, formulados por nossa razão, definem-se como ordens, ou conjuntos de relações, respectivamente, de coexistência e de sucessão. Assim, o espaço e o tempo, como ordens ou entes de razão, são analisados em sua relação com as verdadeiras substâncias, as mônadas, das quais o mundo atual é fenômeno. Os Princípios da Razão Suficiente e da Identidade dos Indiscerníveis são usados por Leibniz tanto em sua negativa ao espaço e tempo absolutos de Clarke, quanto em sua teoria das substâncias. Temos por resultado, ao final, a possibilidade do vácuo, na medida em que o espaço e o tempo, por definição, estão no âmbito das coisas possíveis e ideais Abstract: This dissertation intends to analyze the possibility of vacuum in space and time in Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz¿s works, giving priority to his maturity, and having as reference the correspondence he established with Samuel Clarke. For this purpose, our analysis involves the ontologies of space and time, which, formulated by our reason, are defined as orders, or sets of relations, respectively, of coexistence and succession. Thus, space and time, as orders or beings of reason, are analyzed in their relation with the true substances, the monads, from which the actual world is phenomenon. The Principles of Sufficient Reason and the Identity of the Indiscernibles are used by Leibniz both in his denial of Clarke's absolute space and time, and in his theory of substances. As a result, at last, there is the possibility of vacuum, insofar as space and time, by definition, are within the scope of possible and ideal things Mestrado Filosofia Mestra em Filosofia CAPES FAPESP 2016/00433-2

Effective treatment of postoperative pain contributes to decreasing the rate of complications as well as the total cost of the operated patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the costs and the efficiency of use of continuous infusion of levobupivacaine 0.5 % with the help of an infusion pump in modified radical mastectomy. A cost calculation of the analgesic procedures (continuous infusion of levobupivacaine 0.5 % [levobupivacaine group (LG)] or saline [saline group (SG)] (2 ml/h 48 h) has been carried out based on the data of a previous clinical trial (double-blind randomized study) of patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy surgery. The measure of the effectiveness was the point reduction of pain derived from the verbal numeric rating scale (VNRS). The usual incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was performed. Considering only the intravenous analgesia, overall costs were lower in LG, as less analgesia was used (EUR14.06 ± 7.89 vs. 27.47 ± 14.79; p

SUMMARY Recently, the International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants (IESBA) solicited public comments on its Consultation Paper, Improving the Structure of the Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants. This commentary summarizes the contributors' views on the various questions asked in the IESBA Consultation Paper. Our comments submitted to IESBA appear below. Data Availability: The invitation to comment (which invited comments through February 4, 2015), with links to the consultation paper, is available at: http://www.ifac.org/publications-resources/improving-structure-code-ethics-professional-accountants/.

O uso das mídias sociais para a divulgação de campanhas eleitorais tem sido uma das estratégias de propaganda dos candidatos para ampliação da visibilidade política. Um dos diferenciais desses dispositivos é proporcionar a interação entre os participantes. A cada eleição, a busca por outros meios de propagação de conteúdo e aproximação e comunicação com eleitores se tornou relevante para quem pleiteia um cargo político. Este artigo se propõe a analisar práticas de participação dos eleitores e comentários disponibilizados no Facebook por cinco candidatos a prefeito de Natal (RN), entre 21 e 30 de setembro de 2012. Foi estudada uma parte desses comentários e conversas, com ênfase na interação entre eleitores e candidatos. O objetivo foi entender o modo como os internautas participaram do jogo político eleitoral naquele ano. Notou-se que os candidatos deram ênfase a conteúdo voltado para o ritmo cotidiano de propaganda eleitoral, como os compromissos de carreatas e caminhadas pelos bairros da cidade, mensagens de ataque aos concorrentes e o registro das atividades de campanha, o que repercutiu na dinâmica dos comentários, que foram, em sua maioria, de apoio, parabenização, otimismo e mobilização. O método empregado foi a etnografia virtual, com observação e descrição das práticas online desses atores.

Purpose This paper examines the linkages between the ethics and management control literatures and suggests some potentially fruitful areas for future research and for integration in the classroom. Methodology/approach We review topics in the ethics and management control literatures organizing them around the six modules used in the accounting ethics course taught at the University of Southern California: (a) professional standards, (b) distinguishing right from wrong, (c) understanding why (good) people do bad things, (d) getting employees to behave ethically (corporate ethics programs), (e) getting people to speak up when they see something wrong taking place (Giving Voice to Values), and (f) whistleblowing (the last resort). Findings While we find many topics where ethics and management control are concerned with similar issues, there are very few papers that approach these topics from the two perspectives. Originality/value We provide an overview of topics where ethics and management control overlap, and highlight the need for greater convergence between the two literatures. By linking MCS and ethics, organizations can provide a framework to promote behavior that both contributes to the achievement of the organization’s objectives and also follows ethical principles. We comment on what may happen when ethics and management control diverge, and discuss controls that can promote a strong ethical climate.

Submitted by Maria de Lourdes Ferreira da Silva (malusilferreira@gmail.com) on 2018-11-29T19:35:17Z No. of bitstreams: 4 DISSERTA????O MARIA DE LOURDES FERREIRA DA SILVA PPGSCA.pdf: 1292491 bytes, checksum: b6046fced321d14e8529aca7b5f4c288 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA DE DISSERTA????O.pdf: 993504 bytes, checksum: b7fb04a97d53e2e6086061f9de632571 (MD5) Termo de Autoriza????o para Publica????o Digital Maria de Lourdes.pdf: 429925 bytes, checksum: 4bdca7106493dd544dd76308603e5737 (MD5) doc 1.pdf: 280596 bytes, checksum: 60e45a82d9b341170f7e7832d013799d (MD5) Rejected by PPGSCA Sociedade e Cultura na Amaz??nia (secppgsca@gmail.com), reason: Prezada, a carta de encaminhamento e o termo de autoriza????o foram substitu??dos por um ??nico documento "A carta de encaminhamento para autodep??sito" que pode ser localizada tanto no site do PPGSCA na ??rea de normas e formul??rios ou no pr??prio site do TEDE. Al??m disso voc?? precisa encaminhar a c??pia da ata de defesa. Em resumo, s??o apenas tr??s documentos para encaminhar: 1. Trabalho Final; 2. Carta de Encaminhamento para Autodep??sito; 3. Ata de defesa. Espero t??-la ajudado. on 2018-11-29T21:03:02Z (GMT) Submitted by Maria de Lourdes Ferreira da Silva (malusilferreira@gmail.com) on 2018-12-03T12:28:45Z No. of bitstreams: 4 DISSERTA????O MARIA DE LOURDES FERREIRA DA SILVA PPGSCA.pdf: 1292491 bytes, checksum: b6046fced321d14e8529aca7b5f4c288 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA DE DISSERTA????O.pdf: 993504 bytes, checksum: b7fb04a97d53e2e6086061f9de632571 (MD5) Termo de Autoriza????o para Publica????o Digital Maria de Lourdes.pdf: 429925 bytes, checksum: 4bdca7106493dd544dd76308603e5737 (MD5) doc 1.pdf: 280596 bytes, checksum: 60e45a82d9b341170f7e7832d013799d (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by PPGSCA Sociedade e Cultura na Amaz??nia (secppgsca@gmail.com) on 2018-12-03T18:39:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 DISSERTA????O MARIA DE LOURDES FERREIRA DA SILVA PPGSCA.pdf: 1292491 bytes, checksum: b6046fced321d14e8529aca7b5f4c288 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA DE DISSERTA????O.pdf: 993504 bytes, checksum: b7fb04a97d53e2e6086061f9de632571 (MD5) Termo de Autoriza????o para Publica????o Digital Maria de Lourdes.pdf: 429925 bytes, checksum: 4bdca7106493dd544dd76308603e5737 (MD5) doc 1.pdf: 280596 bytes, checksum: 60e45a82d9b341170f7e7832d013799d (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Divis??o de Documenta????o/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-12-04T13:02:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 DISSERTA????O MARIA DE LOURDES FERREIRA DA SILVA PPGSCA.pdf: 1292491 bytes, checksum: b6046fced321d14e8529aca7b5f4c288 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA DE DISSERTA????O.pdf: 993504 bytes, checksum: b7fb04a97d53e2e6086061f9de632571 (MD5) Termo de Autoriza????o para Publica????o Digital Maria de Lourdes.pdf: 429925 bytes, checksum: 4bdca7106493dd544dd76308603e5737 (MD5) doc 1.pdf: 280596 bytes, checksum: 60e45a82d9b341170f7e7832d013799d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-04T13:02:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 DISSERTA????O MARIA DE LOURDES FERREIRA DA SILVA PPGSCA.pdf: 1292491 bytes, checksum: b6046fced321d14e8529aca7b5f4c288 (MD5) ATA DE DEFESA DE DISSERTA????O.pdf: 993504 bytes, checksum: b7fb04a97d53e2e6086061f9de632571 (MD5) Termo de Autoriza????o para Publica????o Digital Maria de Lourdes.pdf: 429925 bytes, checksum: 4bdca7106493dd544dd76308603e5737 (MD5) doc 1.pdf: 280596 bytes, checksum: 60e45a82d9b341170f7e7832d013799d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-06 FAPEAM - Funda????o de Amparo ?? Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas 993824976 This research was born of the anxieties provoked from several events witnessed in the city of Parintins, in the Amazon. This municipality gained visibility in every country because of the realization of the Folk Festival that involves the contest of the Folk Associations Boi-Bumb?? Caprichoso and Boi-Bumb?? Garantido, in the last weekend of the month of June. The apogee of the Festival of Parintins took place in the mid-90s, above all, from the incorporation of cultural elements of the Amazonian imagination such as legends, myths, malfeasible creatures, as well as the representation of the caboclo and the indigenous, Represented more emphatically. In this sense, the objective of this work was to understand in what sense the indigenous representation produced by the Parintins Folk Festival, as well as the perception of indigenous people in the municipality of Parintins, Amazonas, about this representation. We used a qualitative methodology through the ethnographic method, seeking to describe the views of the research informants. Such informants refer to Sater??-Maw?? and Hiskaryana Indians who maintain a leadership relationship with their ethnicities or who in some way maintains a relationship with the Parintins Festival. Another category of informants refers to members of the Bois Council and Art Commission, responsible for the intellectual representation of indigenous images in the show. We emphasize that the representations of indigenous and non-indigenous people are divergent between them and what the Festival has treated of a "fanciful", "stylized" indigenous. On the other hand, the Indian recognizes the importance of the Festival, but considers that a realistic image of the Indians of Brazil should be promoted. Esta pesquisa nasceu de inquieta????es provocadas a partir de v??rios acontecimentos presenciados na cidade de Parintins, no Amazonas. Esse munic??pio ganhou visibilidade em todo pa??s por conta da realiza????o do Festival Folcl??rico que envolve a disputa das Associa????es Folcl??ricas Boi-Bumb?? Caprichoso e Boi-Bumb?? Garantido, no ??ltimo final de semana do m??s de junho. O apogeu do Festival de Parintins se deu em meados da d??cada de 90, sobretudo, a partir da incorpora????o de elementos culturais do imagin??rio amaz??nico como as lendas, mitos, criaturas malfazejas, assim tamb??m como a representa????o do caboclo e do ind??gena, sendo este ??ltimo representado de forma mais enf??tica. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como objetivo compreender em que sentido ocorre a representa????o do ind??gena produzida pelo Festival Folcl??rico de Parintins, bem como a percep????o de ind??genas no munic??pio de Parintins, Amazonas, sobre essa representa????o. Utilizamos uma metodologia de cunho qualitativo por meio do m??todo etnogr??fico, buscando descrever as vis??es dos informantes da pesquisa. Tais informantes dizem respeito a ind??genas Sater??-Maw?? e Hiskaryana que mant??m rela????o de lideran??a com suas etnias ou que de alguma forma mant??m rela????o com o Festival de Parintins. Outra categoria de informantes se refere a membros do Conselho e Comiss??o de Arte dos Bois, respons??veis pela representa????o intelectual de imagens de ind??genas no espet??culo. Destacamos que as representa????es de ind??genas e n??o ind??genas s??o divergentes entre si e o que o Festival tem tratado de um ind??gena ???fantasioso???, ???estilizado???. Por outro lado, o ind??gena reconhece a import??ncia do Festival, mas considera que deveria se promover uma imagem realista dos ??ndios do Brasil.

This study proposes and tests a model to explain the impact on business results of a specific type of information systems: Strategic Performance Measurement Systems (SPMS). Drawing from the literatures in management, information systems, and accounting, the model proposes that SPMS information technology (IT) variables, which include both technical characteristics and technical outcomes, affect business results. Those IT variables are, in turn, affected by SPMS system variables (information quality and system design). Finally, IT and system variables are affected by organizational variables related to information processing capabilities and requirements. Using path analysis, we found empirical support for the model by analyzing data from large-scale survey with a sample of 1,990 respondents. System effectiveness and Internet usage were the two IT variables found to have the most impact on business results. Furthermore, system design had a significant role in determining all IT variables that had an impact...

Here's a thought: Why not use production efficiency variances to influence productivity right on the production floor? This article describes an experiment designed to compare three ways in which companies can present production efficiency variances, using percentages, dollars, and “smiley” faces.

This large-scale study of 1,990 responses from practitioners in a wide range of industries developed and tested a model of relationships among a specific type of strategic information system -- strategic performance measurement systems (SPMS) -- characteristics and business outcomes. Using as methodology path analysis and stepwise regression, we found that two SPMS characteristics (design purpose and information technology use), together with system effectiveness, explain close to 50% of the SPMS impact on business results.

How can we explain the silence of internal auditing amid signs that fraud is arising and spreading within an organization? Internal auditors are supposed to be “watchdogs” (Roussy, 2013), entrusted...

Submitted by halves@ufp.pt (halves@ufp.pt) on 2016-08-04T12:58:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DM_Maria Carvalho.pdf: 881677 bytes, checksum: 956748771a3e3950417ddc9f5f8ca2fd (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by halves@ufp.pt (halves@ufp.pt) on 2016-08-04T12:58:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DM_Maria Carvalho.pdf: 881677 bytes, checksum: 956748771a3e3950417ddc9f5f8ca2fd (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-04T12:58:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DM_Maria Carvalho.pdf: 881677 bytes, checksum: 956748771a3e3950417ddc9f5f8ca2fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-26

Purpose This study examines the impact of different Balanced Scorecard (BSC) formats (table, graph without summary measure, graph with a summary measure) on various decision outcomes: performance ratings, perceived informativeness, and decision efficiency. Methodology/approach Using an original case developed by the researchers, a total of 135 individuals participated in the experiment and rated the performance of carwash managers in two different scenarios: one manager excelled financially but failed to meet targets for all other three BSC perspectives and the other manager had the opposite results. Findings The evaluators rated managerial performance significantly lower in the graph format compared to a table presentation of the BSC. Performance ratings were significantly higher for the scenario where the manager failed to meet only financial perspective targets but exceeded targets for all other nonfinancial BSC perspectives, contrary to the usual predictions based on the financial measure bias. The evaluators reported that informativeness of the BSC was highest in the table or graph without summary measure formats, and, surprisingly, adding a summary measure to the graph format significantly reduced perceived informativeness compared to the table format. Decision efficiency was better for the graph formats (with or without summary measure) than for the table format. Originality/value Ours is the first study to compare tables, graphs with and without a summary measure in the context of managerial performance evaluations and to examine their impact on ratings, informativeness, and efficiency. We developed an original case to test the boundaries of the financial measure bias.

Orientador: Orlando Fontes Lima Junior Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo Resumo: A abordagem de living lab vem sendo cada vez mais utilizada em todo o mundo no desenvolvimento de inovações nas mais diversas áreas. Esta abordagem contrapõe-se aos métodos tradicionais de inovação pela participação direta do usuário e outros envolvidos ao longo de todo o processo e pela validação da inovação em contextos reais. Embora o uso da abordagem não esteja consolidado, especialmente no Brasil, essas características mostram-se bastante apropriadas às questões da logística urbana, que têm por natureza múltiplos atores com objetivos muitas vezes conflitantes. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal avaliar os benefícios e dificuldades da aplicação de living lab no desenvolvimento de inovações em logística urbana no Brasil. O trabalho tem ainda como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia própria de living lab a ser utilizada nas aplicações nessa área. Por meio de revisão da literatura foi feita a identificação dos principais elementos da abordagem, comparação com outros métodos de cocriação, levantamento de aplicações de sucesso, pontos críticos em sua aplicação e, relação de suas características com os desafios típicos da logística urbana. A partir de metodologias utilizadas em cinco living labs europeus, entre outras referências, foi proposta a metodologia L2i (Living Logistics to Innovation ou Living Lab para Inovação em Logística) que foi aplicada e ajustada, através de pesquisa-ação, no problema de distribuição de bebidas na região central da cidade de Campinas/SP. A pesquisa apresenta como produtos, além de um Guia para Aplicação da metodologia, uma análise crítica sobre o uso da abordagem no desenvolvimento de inovações em logística urbana no ambiente brasileiro, os benefícios obtidos e os aspectos a serem aperfeiçoados no desenvolvimento de inovações posteriores nesta área. Os resultados mostram uma compatibilidade muito grande entre a metodologia e os problemas da logística urbana, sendo altamente recomendável sua utilização neste contexto. Cabe alertar que questões culturais e a falta de maturidade no uso da abordagem, podem comprometer o sucesso dos resultados, quando não reconhecidas previamente Abstract: The living lab approach has been increasingly used around the world in the development of innovations in several areas. This approach contrasts to traditional methods of innovation by direct user and other stakeholders participation throughout the entire process and validation of the innovation in real life contexts. Although the use of the approach is not consolidated, especially in Brazil, these characteristics appear to be quite appropriate to the issues of urban logistics, which have multiple stakeholders with often-conflicting goals. This research aims to evaluate the benefits and difficulties of applying living lab in the development of innovations in urban logistics in Brazil. The work also has as objective the development of a methodology of living lab to be used in applications in this area. Through literature review the main elements of the approach were identified, other co-creation methods were compared, a survey of successful applications was performed, critical points in the implementation were listed and the relationship of its features with the typical challenges of urban logistics was discussed. From methodologies used in five European living labs, among other references, the L2i methodology (Living Logistics to Innovation) was defined, which was applied and adjusted through action research in the beverage distribution problem in Campinas / SP downtown. The research presents as products, besides a guide to the application of methodology, a critical analysis of the use of the approach in the development of innovations in urban logistics in the Brazilian environment with the benefits and areas of potential improvement in the development of further innovations in this area. The results show a very high compatibility between the methodology and the problems of urban logistics, and its use is highly recommended in this context. However, cultural issues and lack of experience in using the approach can compromise the success of the results, if not previously recognized Mestrado Transportes Mestra em Engenharia Civil

We propose a theoretical model to study the effect of obesity stigma on performance appraisal. The model draws from the appraisal, obesity, stigmatization, and prejudice literatures to examine three sets of factors: individual factors in the appraiser(s) and the obese appraisee; factors in performance appraisal; and contextual factors. According to the model, these factors make it easier or harder for obesity stigma to affect the performance appraisal of obese employees, potentially biasing the process and resulting in discrimination. While examining the interplay of forces that facilitate or inhibit the expression of obesity stigma in the affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses of appraisers, we introduce the concept of ‘aversive weightism’. This concept enhances understanding of the tensions between the ethos of objectivity in performance appraisal and the deeply rooted, often unconscious influences of societal prejudice and stigma against obesity. We conclude with implications for research and p...

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Introduction According to periodic surveys by the National Center for Education Statistics (2008), the number of degree-granting postsecondary institutions in the United States that offer distance education courses has increased from 56% in 2001 to 66% in 2007. Most notably, by 2007, 77% of the enrollments in distance education courses were reported in online courses, corresponding to an estimated 9.4 million US students enrolled in courses delivered entirely online. Such growth in online education has spurred concern over the quality of the learning experience. Over the past decade, there has been a significant effort to develop research-based criteria for rigorous evaluation of online courses and academic programs. This effort has resulted in an increasing emphasis on assessment, as manifested in the standards put forth by national and international accrediting agencies (see, for example, the assurance of learning standards established by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business or AACSB International described in AACSB, 2009). Coinciding with this emphasis on assessment, the growth in online learning has compelled institutions in higher education to define what quality means for an online course. Drawing from a literature review of 160 articles and twelve books, Chaney (2006) identified 14 quality indicators of distance education, involving aspects of the student-teacher relationship (e.g., frequency of feedback, respect for diverse ways of learning), institutional support (such as faculty support services, program evaluation and assessment, institutional mission), and technology (e.g., appropriate tools and media, reliability of the course technology). Other studies on the quality of distance education have focused on the students' perspective (Chaney, Eddy, Dorman, Glessner, Green & LaraAlecio, 2007), attempting to measure students' attitudes, opinions, and perceptions. Still others were motivated by a pragmatic need to develop reliable course evaluation instruments (Achtemeier, Morris & Finnegan, 2003). In 2003, a consortium of colleges in Maryland named Maryland Online obtained a three-year grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Post-Secondary Education (FIPSE) of the United States Department of Education to build a program for faculty development and continuous improvement in online education, with the specific goal of developing a quality assurance process leading to the quality certification of online courses. Thus the Quality Matters (QM) Rubric was developed, and, after the FIPSE grant expired in 2006, Quality Matters became a self-supporting organization offering course reviews for QM certification and faculty training programs. This paper aims at illustrating the use of the QM rubric in the case of a graduate online course. The next section reviews the main characteristics of the QM certification process and standards, and summarizes the theoretical underpinnings of the QM standards. The third section of the paper applies the 40 QM standards to an online accounting course required for students in the Masters of Business Administration program of a state university in the US, followed by a fourth section on the ease of use and difficulties encountered when applying the QM standards to this particular course. The conclusion section summarizes the main benefits gained from the process of applying for QM certification, and suggests topics for further research in the area of measuring quality of online courses. QM Rubric The QM certification process was developed based on four principles: * Centered: the QM rubric draws from research findings and is updated periodically according to developments in the instructional design literature. * Collaborative: the peer review team (composed of three members, one of which is an expert in the subject matter) and the course developer evaluate the course based on evidence from the course website, instead of opinions of individual reviewers. …

O artigo aborda o compromisso institucional do Parlamento do MERCOSUL, Parlasul, de funcionar como a semente da cidadania no bloco. Idealizado para cumprir as funções de representação popular e viabilizar a harmonização das legislações dos Estados-partes de modo a que estes recebam com maior facilidade a normativa criada pelos acordos firmados no âmbito do bloco, o Parlasul trouxe a questão do envolvimento do cidadão no processo para centro do debate acerca da integração regional, apresentando-se como plano de fundo central de fomento a uma “cidadania do MERCOSUL”. O artigo se divide em três partes. Primeiramente, fazemos um retrospecto histórico sobre a postura do Brasil com relação ao entendimento e mesmo contato com os vizinhos sul-americanos hoje envolvidos no projeto comum de fomento à cidadania e integração regionais. Num segundo momento apresentamos brevemente a trajetória do MERCOSUL, perpassando seu caráter inicial, marcadamente comercial, até o momento em que a integração política, social e cultural passaram a ter destaque entre os acordos firmados pelos governantes do bloco. Por fim, analisamos a atividade do órgão numa tentativa de verificar os principais temas trabalhados e assim desvendar as atuais caracterísiticas da cidadania do MERCOSUL.

O trabalho discute saberes tradicionais e seu papel na produção da identidade étnica, tendo como referência o povo Sateré-Mawé. A metodologia empregada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica em produções que abordam a temática implicada em identidade cultural e cosmologia sateré-mawé. O saber tradicional, também denominado etnoconhecimento ou saber local, diz respeito a conjuntos de conhecimentos construídos e reconstruídos no seio de dada população tradicional. Na etnia Sateré-Mawé, esses conhecimentos passam por processos de ressignificação, operando na reconstrução da identidade do grupo indígena.

Fetal abnormality incompatible with life is a fact and the options for dealing with it are abortion or birth followed by death. This paper reports a qualitative study of the experience of ten women who had a pregnancy termination in a university hospital in Brazil for fetal abnormality incompatible with life. The women were interviewed approximately 40 days after the procedure. The experience was marked by strong emotions for the women, who had a terrible shock on learning of the diagnosis, which was given between 13 and 25 weeks into their pregnancies. They cried, and experienced fear, despair, anguish, a sense of uselessness and refusal to accept the situation. When they took the decision to terminate their pregnancies, the women experienced sadness, despair and guilt, and all these feelings caused them intense suffering. The killing of the fetus was the most difficult part of the termination for them. Nevertheless, afterwards they were satisfied with the decision taken and believed that it was the correct one, despite the anguish it caused. The inclusion of fetal abnormality incompatible with life in the Brazilian law on pregnancy termination would help to reduce women's suffering and contribute to the provision of supportive care by the health services.

BACKGROUND There is no consensus on the efficacy of postoperative infusion of local anesthetics after radical mastectomy. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-groups clinical trial was conducted in a tertiary hospital. Eighty consecutive women with operable breast cancer with indications for modified radical mastectomy without breast reconstruction were assigned randomly to receive infusion of levobupivacaine (0.5%) or saline at 2 ml/hour for 48 hours through a wound catheter. Seventy-three women finished the study (intervention group, n = 34; control group, n = 39). During surgery, all patients received 0.25% levobupivacaine (30 ml). RESULTS The levobupivacaine group reported less pain (p < 0.001) than controls in the postanesthesia care unit (1.6 ± 1.3 versus 6.7 ± 1.8) and on the ward at 24 (0.8 ± 0.9 versus 4.2 ± 1.9) and 48 (0.4 ± 0.7 versus 3.3 ± 2.3) hours. In the postanesthesia care unit, the levobupivacaine group consumed less metamizole (0.4 ± 0.5 versus 0.8 ± 0.4; p < 0.001) and dexketoprofen (0.1 ± 0.3 versus 0.7 ± 0.4; p < 0.001), with differences in paracetamol use being insignificant (0.8 ± 0.4 versus 0.9 ± 0.3; p = 0.140). On the ward, the levobupivacaine group used significantly less paracetamol (0.5 ± 0.7 versus 2.0 ± 2.0; p < 0.001) and metamizole (0.2 ± 0.4 versus 1.2 ± 1.4; p < 0.001), but differences in dexketoprofen were not significant (0.03 ± 0.2 versus 0.2 ± 0.6; p = 0.074). In the postanesthesia care unit, the levobupivacaine and control groups consumed 0 ± 0 and 0.7 ± 1.2 doses of opioids (p = 0.001), respectively. The authors observed no differences in nausea and vomiting at any stage in the postanesthesia care unit (0.2 ± 0.4 versus 0.4 ± 0.5; p = 0.081) or on the ward (0.3 ± 0.5 versus 0.4 ± 0.5; p = 0.563). All participants reported high levels of satisfaction. CONCLUSION Continuous infusion of local anesthetic reduces pain and analgesic consumption, with high satisfaction, but does not affect rates of nausea and vomiting.

Purpose This paper proposes and tests a model to explain the outcomes of three different information presentation formats. Based on cognitive fit theory, information visualization formats that best fit task characteristics are expected to lead to improved decision-making outcomes. We apply the Judgment and Decision-Making framework (Bonner, 2008) to investigate how certain factors can impact decision quality. Design/methodology/approach This study tests whether certain production variance presentation formats (percentages, dollar amounts, and schematic faces), task complexity, understanding of the presentation format, motivation, and effort increase the accuracy of a supervisor’s bonus calculation. A total of 281 students and professionals participated in this experiment. Their responses were examined using regression analysis. Findings Our results indicate that individuals mostly prefer the percentages presentation format and that the use of the percentages presentation format, a lower level of task complexity, and a better understanding of the variance presentation format lead to more accurate calculations in the experimental task. Research implications Our study provides a call for further research on factors that influence the choice of presentation format as a potentially fruitful area for management accounting researchers. Practical implications We exhort practicing management accountants to exert direct influence on employees’ decision making through the use of variance presentation formats that fit their tasks and promote understanding. Originality/value Our experiment introduced two major innovations: it uses an interactive data visualization approach allowing subjects to select their preferred presentation format; and it focuses on production variances, a topic that has received less attention in the academic managerial accounting literature, but is still very relevant to practitioners.

The balanced scorecard (BSC) is an integrated strategic performance management framework that helps organizations translate strategic objectives into relevant performance measures. This paper offers guidelines for implementing an experiential approach to learning about the BSC through the study of “real-world” organizations. This approach emphasizes hands-on experience with the team-based, cross-functional, and strategic aspects of management accounting designed to address several educational objectives, including: understanding organizational strategy and critical success factors; gaining insight into how to measure performance; and developing oral presentation and team-building skills. Specific examples of classroom materials to facilitate implementation of this approach in management accounting courses at both graduate and undergraduate levels are also offered.

Incentive plans are designed to motivate participants to pursue what is valued by an organization. This article discusses how values may influence the design of incentive plans and the success of their implementation. In situations where the incentive plan fits participants' values, the authors predict a process of mutual reinforcement. When values and incentives collide, they propose two possible yet conflicting outcomes: the “carrot effect” and the “snubbed carrot effect.” They conclude by addressing the implications of fit and misfit for research and practice. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

This study examines the use of dividend provisions in executive compensation contracts to influence dividend policy. A sample is constructed with the largest companies in the oil and gas, defense/aerospace and food processing industries, where dividend-related agency costs are expected to be high. The results indicate that the existence of a dividend incentive in the compensation plan is positively associated with higher dividend payouts and yields, and higher annual changes in dividend levels. Evidence is also provided on firm characteristics associated with the use of a compensation contract with a dividend provision. The results are consistent with the theory that firms link compensation incentives to dividend payments to reduce conflicts between shareholders and management over dividend decisions.

Results of the use of a special protocol for evaluation of patients requiring tubal ligation is presented after applied by a multidisciplinary group. The authors conclude that the use of defined parameters of age, parity, marital union duration, number of children alive and the presence of maternal clinical pathology are useful to identify patients with smaller chances of regret after surgery.27% of reproductive-age women in Brazil have chosen surgical sterilization as their contraceptive method. Most of these women who have undergone tubal sterilization opted for cesarean surgery. However, given the young ages of many of these women, many regret having been sterilized. This paper summarizes the experience of a multidisciplinary group in evaluating women who apply for surgical sterilization at the Department of Tocogynecology, Faculdade de Ciencas Medicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas in Sao Paulo. Detailed descriptions are presented of the medical and social characteristics of cases seen between June 1988 and July 1989. The authors conclude that the use of the defined parameters of age, parity, marital union duration, number of living children, and the presence of maternal clinical pathology are useful in identifying the patients who are least likely to regret undergoing surgical sterilization.

RESUMOEste trabalho tem por objetivo fazer um relato analisado da introdução da temática ambiental nas disciplinas de Desenho e Artes, no segundo ciclo do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola pública na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O tema meio ambiente urbano serviu de base para a proposta, na qual utilizamos como recursos midiáticos a fotografia e o grafite por considerarmos que estas duas linguagens visuais transitam com facilidade no mundo dos jovens estudantes. Utilizamos a observação participante para levantar dados: observações, textos, fotos e desenhos produzidos pelos alunos queforam empregados na análise textual discursiva. Os dados revelaram que o conceito de meio ambiente, inicialmente relacionado a uma visão naturalista, foi abrindo espaçopara uma visão mais ampla de ambiente, evidenciando que tais propostas favorecem o estabelecimento de relações entre os saberes e para uma leitura de mundo mais significativa.Palavras-chave: Educação Ambiental, Linguagens Visuais, Meio Ambiente Urbano

This extends agency theory to introduce organizational form as a decision variable that directly influences risk bearing and the costs of control in small businesses. Based on information cost and organization design theories, we propose a relationship between organizational form and information costs. Our empirical results reveal that organizational form is the first or second most important decision variable related to performance and information costs in small businesses.

This exploratory study aims at identifying the main characteristics of strategic performance measurement systems (SPMS) that influence SPMS outcomes, which, in turn, impact firm performance. Using data from 1,990 companies in a wide range of industries, we employed path analysis and stepwise regression to test the model. We found empirical support for the model, in that SPMS have a significant effect on human resource practices and business results. The degree of BSC adoption, the impact of SPMS on human resources, the purposes for which the SPMS were designed, and the use of nonfinancial performance measures were found to have the most effect on the impact of the SPMS on business results.