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113. Green chemical engineering in China

Author

Zhang, Xiangping, primary, Liu, Changjun, additional, Ren, Qilong, additional, Qiu, Xueqing, additional, Xu, Baohua, additional, Zhou, Xintong, additional, Xie, Yuanbang, additional, Lou, Hongming, additional, Ali, Mohammad Chand, additional, Gao, Hongshuai, additional, Bai, Yinge, additional, and Zhang, Suojiang, additional

Published
2019
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115. Visible Light-Driven Reforming of Lignocellulose into H2by Intrinsic Monolayer Carbon Nitride

Author

Rao, Cheng, Xie, Maoliang, Liu, Sicong, Chen, Runlin, Su, Hang, Zhou, Lan, Pang, Yuxia, Lou, Hongming, and Qiu, Xueqing

Abstract

The photoreforming of lignocellulose is a novel method to produce clean and sustainable H2energy. However, the catalytic systems usually show low activity under ultraviolet light; thus, this reaction is very limited at present. Visible light-responsive metal-free two-dimensional graphite-phased carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a good candidate for photocatalytic hydrogen production, but its activity is hindered by a bulky architecture. Although reported layered g-C3N4modified with active functional groups prepared by the chemical exfoliation enhances the photocatalytic activity, it lost the intrinsic structure and thus is not conducive to understand the structure–activity relationship. Herein, we report an intrinsic monolayer g-C3N4(∼0.32 nm thickness) prepared by nitrogen-protected ball milling in water, which shows good performance of photoreforming lignocellulose to H2driven by visible light. The exciton binding energy of g-C3N4was estimated from the temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectra, which is a key factor for subsequent charge separation and energy transfer. It is found that monolayer g-C3N4with smaller exciton binding energy increases the free exciton concentrations and promotes the separation efficiency of charge carriers, thereby effectively improving its performance of photocatalytic reforming of lignocellulose, even the virgin lignocellulose and waste lignocellulose. This result could lead to more active catalysts to photoreform the raw biomass, making it possible to provide clean energy directly from locally unused biomass.

Published
2021
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126. Synergetic Effect of Perfluorooctanoic Acid on the Preparation of Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): Lignosulfonate Aqueous Dispersions with High Film Conductivity.

Author

Li, Yuda, Lou, Hongming, Wang, Feng, Pang, Yuxia, and Qiu, Xueqing

Subjects
*PERFLUOROOCTANOIC acid, *DISPERSION (Chemistry), *CONDUCTING polymers, *ELECTRON work function, *MOLECULAR weights
Abstract

Developing poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) conducting polymers (CPs) aqueous dispersions with high film conductivity is an attractive task in scientific and industrial communities. Herein, we proposed to apply small molecular perfluorooctanoic acid (PFA) as assistant dopant to cooperate with major polymeric dopant of lignosulfonate (LGS) to prepare PEDOT aqueous dispersions together. Through optimizing the usage amount of PFA, a high film conductivity of 0.1255 S⋅cm−1 was obtained. In contrast, the film conductivity of the CP prepared without PFA was only 0.0228 S⋅cm−1. By lucubrating the structure of CPs, we found that PFA is capable of promoting the polymerization, doping and aggregation of PEDOT in the preparation process of PEDOT:LGS CP and the conductivity enhancement can be attributed to the enhancement of molecular weight, doping degree and aggregation of PEDOT. Moreover, the other physical‐chemical properties of PEDOT:LGS CPs including transmittance, work function and waterproofness were not obviously affected by PFA. This facile strategy based on physical mixing of small molecular and polymeric dopants may opens up a new window for the preparation of high performance CPs aqueous dispersions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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128. Understanding the Effect of the Complex of Lignosulfonate and Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide on the Enzymatic Digestibility of Cellulose

Author

Lin, Xuliang, Cai, Cheng, Huang, Jinhao, Lou, Hongming, Qiu, Xueqing, Lin, Meilu, Zheng, Jieyi, Pang, Yuxia, and Yang, Dongjie

Abstract

Lignosulfonate (LS) had various influences on the enzymatic digestibility of lignocelluloses for the complicated structure of LS. The effect of the complex of LS and cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (LS–CTAB) on the enzymatic digestibility of corn stover and Avicel was investigated in this study. The LS–CTAB catanionic surfactant could significantly improve the enzymatic digestibility of Avicel and corn stover from 42.1 and 24.3% to 62.3 and 56.2%, respectively. In addition, the effect of LS–CTAB with various molecular weights and sulfonation degrees of LS and varied alkyl chain lengths of CnTAB on the enzymatic digestibility of Avicel was further investigated to reveal that the mechanism of LS–CTAB enhanced the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose. LS adsorbed on cellulase aggregates and dispersed the aggregates to form the smaller and more hydrophilic LS–cellulase aggregates. CTAB neutralized the electronegative charge of LS–cellulase aggregates, improved the interaction between cellulase and cellulose, and enhanced the enzymatic digestibility of cellulose.

Published
2024
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135. Effect of cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose.

Author

Lou, Hongming, Qiu, Xueqing, Lin, Xuliang, Cai, Cheng, Pang, Yuxia, and Yang, Dongjie

Subjects
CATIONIC surfactants, CETYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM bromide, HYDROLYSIS, CELLULOSE, ENZYMES, CORNCOBS
Abstract

Effect of cationic surfactants alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) with varied alkyl chain lengths on the enzymatic hydrolysis of Avicel and the surface charge of cellulase was investigated. Enzymatic hydrolysis of Avicel increased linearly from 42.1 to 61.4 % with the increase of the concentration of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) logarithmically from 0.0001 to 0.01 mM, and reached a maximum value at the concentration of 0.01-0.03 mM. When the concentration was increased further, the cellulase solution became positively charged and the enzymatic hydrolysis of Avicel decreased rapidly. With the increasing alkyl chain length, CTAB provided more proton and neutralized the negative charge of cellulase more obviously. Therefore, the required concentration of CTAB could be less to enhance the enzymatic hydrolysis of Avicel. In addition, CTAB could enhance enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of corncob at high solid content from 35.0 to 56.3 %; CTAB could reduce about 60 % of the cellulase loading in the enzymatic hydrolysis of corncob to obtain the same glucose yield. Effect of CTAB on the enzymatic hydrolysis of typical pretreated softwood and hardwood was also investigated. This study laid the foundation for using CTAB to recover cellulase, and provided the design direction for cellulase with higher activity and better stability by adjusting its hydrophilicity and chargeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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136. A novel fractionation process for lignin with temperature-induced self-assembly.

Author

Lin, Yongan, Lou, Hongming, Pang, Yuxia, Zhou, Mingsong, Yang, Dongjie, and Qiu, Xueqing

Subjects
*LIGNIN structure, *LIGNINS, *MOLECULAR structure, *MOLECULAR weights, *CHEMICAL structure, *LEAD, *PROBLEM solving
Abstract

The complex chemical structure and broad molecular weight distribution of lignin lead to heterogeneity and unsatisfactory performance, essentially restricting its high-value utilization. A novel lignin fractionation process is proposed here to solve this problem and overcome the shortcomings of common fractionation methods. Using enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) as raw material, five lignin fractions were obtained by cooling precipitation in the ethanol/water mixed solvent. Their chemical structure and physicochemical properties were compared. All lignin fractions presented reduced heterogeneity compared to the EHL and a gradual decrease of molecular weights accompanied by increasing hydrophilic group content. In addition, temperature-induced self-assembly for forming lignin colloidal spheres co-occurred during cooling precipitation. Interestingly, a fraction with light color and high UV-blocking activity was obtained. By combining this color-light sample with pure hand cream, a lignin-based sunscreen was prepared, which had a 40 % higher sun protection factor (SPF) than EHL sunscreen. [Display omitted] • Lignin fractions were obtained by step cooling precipitation. • Lignin colloidal spheres were formed by temperature-induced self-assembly. • A lignin fraction with light color and strong anti-ultraviolet could be obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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