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There are more than ninety percent female factory employees at RMG plants. That more women than males work in Bangladesh's factories is a reflection of a societal trend there. In addition, over 70% of all women working in the manufacturing sector in the nation are engaged in this sector. Perhaps this is because of the widespread belief that women are better suited to jobs requiring manual dexterity. (Bhattacharya and Rahman 2000).Women from rural parts of Bangladesh often go to the cities in search of employment, and many of them end up working in the garment industry because of the better pay compared to other industries. This has helped the economy since the garment sector has provided employment for tens of thousands of women and produced substantial revenue for the nation via exports. Independent migration among young women in Bangladesh increased throughout the 1980s, as RMG factories proliferated across the country's major cities. Women are generally the only breadwinners in their families, and With they may start their own business and make their own money and powerful while also furthering their education and career prospects. This creates an opportunity for female to get employed and therefore they can contribute in Bangladesh economy. A large majority of garment factory employees are migrants from rural regions, and recent estimates have the percentage of women working in the lowest-paying roles in the sector at at 90%. This shows that the garment industry is a significant provider of economic security and stability for women and migrant workers.(Afsar 2000). Most of the business theory defines employee’s empowerment as the strategy of the business success in terms of factory productivity. Empowerment is not necessary only delegating authority ship of the workers in the workplace especially for the female garment worker (Bhattacharya and Rahman 2000). That is why; this research paper has defined the definition of women’s empowerment and its process at first and then to find out the similarity with the workforce empowerment. The primary study's overarching goal is to determine whether or not women's economic and educational advancement leads to enhanced standard of living and overall happiness. In order to facilitate first-hand information gathering, the availability of movement, time constraint as well as the acceptance this research has been basically done in Mirpur 12 where there are many garments factory located and a huge number of female garment workers are also living. To collect primary data 150 interviews among female garment workers from Mirpur 12 have been conducted. The questionnaire includes both open-ended and closed-ended questions to ensure that survey participants can provide both quantitative and qualitative data. Primary data has been collected through questionnaire and interview. The responses from the respondents has been compared to secondary sources. To measure the hypotheses, Z test has been used. The study showed that 42% of the female garment workers have no formal education while 37% of the female garment workers were found to get primary education during the survey. Low education is a big problem for female garment workers to improve their working life. Average length of service of the female workers has been estimated at only 3.7 years. Findings show that 46 (31%) numbers of workers lengths of service is below 3, 59 (39%) workers of them in between 3-6 years and the 45 (30%) number of them are working in the garment factory over 6 years. 76% of participants reported that, this is the first job for them. Women from rural areas are being migrated and getting engaged in the garment factory. They do not have sufficient education, training, skill to do this type of job.

BackgroundPost-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) plagues 20–80% of stroke survivors worldwide. There is a lack of an easy and effective scoring tool to predict the risk of PSCI in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients. We aimed to develop a risk prediction model incorporating red blood cell (RBC) indices to identify ICH populations at risk of PSCI.MethodsPatients diagnosed with ICH at the stroke center were consecutively enrolled in the study as part of the development cohort from July 2017 to December 2018, and of the validation cohort from July 2019 to February 2020. Univariable and multivariable analyses were applied in the development cohort to screen the patients for PSCI risk factors. Then, a nomogram based on RBC indices and other risk factors was developed and validated to evaluate its performance in predicting PSCI occurrence.ResultsA total of 123 patients were enrolled in the development cohort, of which 69 (56.1%) were identified as PSCI, while 38 (63.3%) of 60 patients in the validation cohort were identified as PSCI. According to the multivariate analysis, seven independent risk factors, including three RBC indices (hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, RBC distribution width), as well as age, education level, hematoma volume, and dominant-hemisphere hemorrhage were incorporated into the model. The nomogram incorporating RBC indices displayed good discrimination and calibration. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.940 for the development cohort and 0.914 for the validation cohort. Decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve showed that the nomogram was clinically useful.ConclusionRBC indices are independent and important predictors of PSCI. A nomogram incorporating RBC indices can be used as a reasonable and reliable graphic tool to help clinicians identify high cognition impairment-risk patients and adjust individualized therapy.

Background and purposeThe gut-brain axis is bidirectional and the imbalance of the gut microbiota usually coexists with brain diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Accumulating evidence indicates that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a core lesion in AD and persistent ER stress promotes AD pathology and impairs cognition. However, whether the imbalance of the gut microbiota is involved in triggering the ER stress in the brain remains unknown.Materials and methodsIn the present study, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed with gut microbiota from AD patients and APP/PS1 mice, respectively, resulting in two mouse models with dysregulated gut microbiota. The ER stress marker protein levels in the cerebral cortex were assessed using western blotting. The composition of the gut microbiota was assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing.ResultsExcessive ER stress was induced in the cerebral cortex of mice after FMT. Elevated ER stress marker proteins (p-perk/perk, p-eIF2α/eIF2α) were observed, which were rescued by 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB). Notably, DMB is a compound that significantly attenuates serum trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of the gut microbiota widely reported to affect cognition.ConclusionThe findings indicate that imbalance of the gut microbiota induces ER stress in the cerebral cortex, which may be mediated by TMAO.

Chinese sprangletop [Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees] is one grass weed severely affecting rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth in paddies in China. Cyhalofop-butyl is the main herbicide used to control grass weeds in Chinese paddy fields, especially for controlling L. chinensis; however, L. chinensis has evolved resistance to cyhalofop-butyl due to continuous and extensive application. To investigate cyhalofop-butyl resistance levels and mechanisms in L. chinensis in some of the Chinese rice areas, 66 field populations were collected and treated with cyhalofop-butyl. Of these tested populations, 10 showed a high level of resistance to cyhalofop-butyl; the 50% effective dose ranged within 108.4 to 1,443.5 g ai ha−1 with resistance index values of 9.1 to 121.8 when compared with the susceptible population. Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase genes (ACCase) of susceptible and all 10 resistant populations were amplified and sequenced. Among them, Ile-1781-Leu, Trp-2027-Cys, Trp-2027-Ser, and Ile-2041-Asn mutations were found in five resistant populations. No known resistance-related mutations were found in the other five resistant populations, indicating that resistance to cyhalofop-butyl in these populations was likely to be endowed by non–target site resistance mechanisms. Notably, the Ile-1781-Leu and Trp-2027-Cys substitutions have previously been reported, but this is the first report of Trp-2027-Ser and Ile-2041-Asn mutations in L. chinensis. Furthermore, three derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence methods were developed to rapidly detect these mutations in L. chinensis.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Additional file 2. Variables and measures in quantitative study.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-6-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-4-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke

Additional file 4. Suggestions for nPEP service in qualitative study.

Additional file 3. Univariate analyses of the two outcome variables and sex-specific analyses.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-5-wso-10.1177_17474930221125993 for Effect of the Shanghai Stroke Service System (4S) on the quality of stroke care and outcomes: A prospective quality improvement project by Jiawen Xu, Yanan Xie, Kun Fang, Xin Wang, Shengdi Chen, Xueyuan Liu, Yuwu Zhao, Yangtai Guan, Dingfang Cai, Gang Li, Jianmin Liu, JianRen Liu, Jianhua Zhuang, Ying Xian, Haipeng Shen, Hao Li, David Z Wang, Bruce CV Campbell, Mark W Parsons, Yi Dong and Qiang Dong in International Journal of Stroke