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This volume contains nine chapters that detail horizons in cancer research. Chapter One summarizes the role of epigenetic modifications in altering the phenotype of the tumor immune microenvironment. Chapter Two defines the current trends in cancer therapy and the challenges that come with them. Chapter Three discusses the toxicities of tyrosine kinase inhibitors used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Chapter Four proposes a multifaceted approach to the lymphedema assessment that extends beyond arm size and volume based outcomes, and considers the impact of the condition on the individual and their life participation. Chapter Five elucidates the clinical features and diagnostic criteria of osteoradionecrosis of the jaw and emphasizes the essential measures required to overcome the difficulties associated with its diagnosis, utilizing the latest available differential diagnosis information. Chapter Six reviews the potent anticancer activity of the xanthohumol (XN) molecule and its analogs. Chapter Seven reviews recent preclinical and clinical studies to examine the current position of nanoparticle drug delivery systems in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Chapter Eight summarizes the pivotal role of the SphK/S1P axis in modulating estrogen related signaling cascade during the breast cancer progression and develops the promising therapeutic strategies for BCs by targeting the SphK/S1P axis. Lastly, Chapter Nine summarizes the current studies of S1P/S1PR signaling in bone metastasis and aims to establish a theoretical basis for the application of S1P/S1PR in the treatment of bone metastasis.

Hepatobiliary cancer refers to primary malignant tumors originating in cells of the liver, bile ducts, and gallbladder. Globally, primary liver cancer, which includes hepatocellular carcinoma (~75% of all cases) and intrahepatic biliary cancer or cholangiocarcinoma (~10-15% 0f all cases) is the 6th most commonly diagnosed cancer and 3rd leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The vast majority of these highly malignant cancers are diagnosed at an advanced stage where treatment options are limited and patient survival outcomes are poor. The biological and therapeutic challenges posed by hepatobililiary cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are daunting, emphasizing a critical need to review and assess current and evolving basic, translational, and clinical research focused on addressing the critical obstacles that continue to limit progress towards achieving significant improvements in HCC and CCA clinical management and patient survival outcomes. Towards this goal, this special edition of Advances in Cancer Research is focused on providing a comprehensive, timely and authoritative reviews covering such topics of significant scientific and clinical relevance, including hepatobiliary cancer risk mechanisms and risk-predictive molecular biomarkers; causes and functional intricacies of inter- and intratumor heterogeneity; novel insights into the role of tumor microenvironment and key signaling pathways in promoting hepatobiliary cancer progression, therapeutic resistance and immunosuppression; emerging biomarkers of HCC and CCA prognosis; advances in molecular genomics for personalizing tumor classification and targeted therapies; innovative preclinical cell culture modeling for hepatobiliary cancer drug discovery; and current and emerging trends in hepatobiliary cancer molecular therapeutic targeting and immunotherapies. - Up-to date review of hepatobiliary cancers molecular genetics, novel predictive molecular biomarkers, and distinct mechanisms of inter-and intratumor heterogeneity - Novel insights into the role of tumor microenvironment as a promoter of hepatobiliary cancer progression and therapeutic resistance, as well as an emerging therapeutic target - Current and emerging approaches and strategies for advancing personalized molecular therapeutic targeting and immunotherapy of hepatobiliary cancers

Methods in Cancer Stem Cell Biology: Part B, Volume 171 in the Methods in Cell Biology series highlights advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on timely topics, including Orthotopic brain tumor models derived from glioblastoma stem-like cells, RNA sequencing in hematopoietic stem cells, Generation of inducible pluripotent stem cells from human dermal fibroblasts, In vitro preparation of dental pulp stem cell grafts combined with biocompatible scaffolds for tissue engineering, Gene expression knockdown in chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells, Identification and isolation of slow-cycling GSCs, Assessment of CD133, EpCAM, and much more. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Methods in Cell Biology series - Includes the latest information on the topic of Methods in Cancer Stem Cell Biology

The CRISPR-Cas9 genome-editing system is creating a revolution in the science world. In the laboratory, CRISPR-Cas9 can efficiently be used to target specific genes, correct mutations and regulate gene expression of a wide array of cells and organisms, including human cells. CRISPR-/Cas9 Based Genome Editing for Treating Genetic Disorders and Diseases is a unique reading material for college students, academicians, and other health professionals interested in learning about the broad range of applications of CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors. Some topics included in this book are: the role of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in neuroscience, gene therapy, epigenome editing, genome mapping, cancer, virus infection control strategies, regulatory challenges and bioethical considerations.

This volume elaborates on the research and clinical implications of the hereditary and molecular basis of childhood cancers. The focus of the ‘disease-related'chapters of the book is to integrate what is known about the molecular basis of that particular clinical entity (or group of related entities) with the clinical manifestations, to relate the relationship of the molecular oncologic pathways with relevant developmental or non-human species biology in order to better understand the complexity of these systems. The resulting clinical implications of understanding this biology are elaborated on. Chapters 13-16 discuss the broader psychosocial, ethical and genetic counseling issues that arise and that are so critical to translating the knowledge gained from advances in molecular genetics into the clinic. Chapter 12 in particular provides a unique perspective of the application of this knowledge in less-developed nations where ‘modern'technologies may not be readily available, butwhere the clinical manifestations of these disorders are prevalent.

The role of epigenetic modifications in gene-gene and/or gene-environment interactions in rare diseases is a key issue in molecular physiology and medicine as certain principles may be applied in other common and complex disorders. As such, Amyloid Precursor Protein: Structure, Functions and Interactions first investigates the normal functions of amyloid precursor protein (APP). Next recent evidence derived from cellular and animal models is presented, strongly suggesting that the APP intracellular domain and its interacting proteins could play an unprecedented role in the physiological functions of APP, and that its deregulation has a profound impact on the initiation of Alzheimer's disease. In closing, the authors review the expression of APP in cases of traumatic brain injury with different chronological evolutions. APP accumulates in all cases of axonal damage, whatever its cause may be.

Inflammatory Disorders - Part B, Volume 120 explores inflammation in the immune system and how the body's own cells or tissues may cause abnormal inflammation, thus resulting in chronic pain, redness, swelling, stiffness, and damage to normal tissues. Chapters in this updated volume include Proteins in monogenic autoinflammatory disorders, Virulence factors and their roles in periodontal disease pathogenesis, Role of Heat shock proteins in Inflammatory disorder Rheumatoid Arthritis, Novel targeted therapies for Crohn's disease: Recent progress and future perspectives, Dietary plant flavonoids in prevention of obesity and diabetes, Small RNAs in allergic diseases, Inflammation and inflammasome during ageing and age-related diseases, and more. - Integrates methods for studying inflammatory disorders, mechanisms that trigger these disorders, and strategies for managing inflammatory disorders - Contains timely chapters written by well-renowned authorities in their field - Provides a number of high-quality illustrations, figures and tables - Targets a very wide audience of specialists, researchers and students

Today, microbiology is a rapidly growing discipline in the life sciences, and the technologies are evolving on a virtually daily basis. Next-generation sequencing technologies have revolutionized microbial analysis, and can help us understand the biology and genomic diversity of various bacterial species with significant impacts on agro-ecosystems. In addition, advances in molecular biology and microbiology techniques hold the potential to improve the productivity and sustainability of agriculture and forestry.This new volume addresses the role of microbial genomics in understanding the living systems that exist in the soil and their interactions with plants, an aspect that is also important for crop improvement. The topics covered focus on a deeper and clearer understanding of how microbes cause diseases, the genome-based development of novel antibacterial agents and vaccines, and the role of microbial genomics in crop improvement and agroforestry. Givenits scope, the book offers a valuable resource for researchers and students of agriculture and infectious biology.

Advances in Cancer Research provides invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. Here, once again, outstanding and original reviews are presented on a variety of topics, including taxane-anti-androgens cross-resistance in advanced prostate cancer and proteasome inhibitors in the treatment of multiple myeloma. - Provides information on cancer research - Outstanding and original reviews - Suitable for researchers and students