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Surface air temperature (SAT) is a key indicator of global warming and plays an important role in glacier melting. On the Tibetan Plateau (TP), there exists a large number of glaciers. However, station SAT observations on these glaciers are extremely scarce, and moreover the available ones are characterized by short time series, which substantively hinder our deep understanding of glacier dynamics due to climate changes on the TP. In this study, an ensemble learning model is constructed and trained to estimate glacial SATs with a spatial resolution of 1 km × 1 km from 2002 to 2020 using monthly MODIS land surface temperature products and many auxiliary variables, such as vegetation index, satellite overpass time, and near-surface air pressure. The satellite-estimated glacial SATs are validated against SAT observations at glacier validation stations. Then, long-term (1961–2020) glacial SATs on the TP are reconstructed by temporally extending the satellite SAT estimates through a Bayesian linear regression. The long-term glacial SAT estimates are validated with root mean squared error, mean bias error, and determination coefficient being 1.61 ∘C, 0.21 ∘C, and 0.93, respectively. The comparisons are conducted with other satellite SAT estimates and ERA5-Land reanalysis data over the validation glaciers, showing that the accuracy of our satellite glacial SATs and their temporal extensions are both higher. The preliminary analysis illustrates that the glaciers on the TP as a whole have been undergoing fast warming, but the warming exhibits a great spatial heterogeneity. Our dataset can contribute to the monitoring of glaciers' warming, analysis of their evolution, etc. on the TP. The dataset is freely available from the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center at https://doi.org/10.11888/Atmos.tpdc.272550 (Qin, 2022).

Vitamin C (VC) plays an essential role in fish physiological function and normal growth. However, its effects and requirement of coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum, 1792) are still unknown. Based on the influences on growth, serum biochemical parameters, and antioxidative ability, an assessment of dietary VC requirement for coho salmon postsmolts ( 183.19 ± 1.91 g) was conducted with a ten-week feeding trial. Seven isonitrogenous (45.66% protein) and isolipidic (10.76% lipid) diets were formulated to include graded VC concentrations of 1.8, 10.9, 50.8, 100.5, 197.3, 293.8, and 586.7 mg/kg, respectively. Results showed that VC markedly improved the growth performance indexes and liver VC concentration, enhanced the hepatic and serum antioxidant activities, and increased the contents of serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and total cholesterol (TC) whereas decreased the serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, and triglyceride (TG) level. Polynomial analysis showed that the optimal VC levels in the diet of coho salmon postsmolts were 188.10, 190.68, 224.68, 132.83, 156.57, 170.12, 171.00, 185.50, 142.77, and 93.08 mg/kg on the basis of specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), liver VC concentration, catalase (CAT), hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and serum total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), AKP, AST, and ALT activities, respectively. The dietary VC requirement was in the range of 93.08–224.68 mg/kg for optimum growth performance, serum enzyme activities, and antioxidant capacity of coho salmon postsmolts.

Aqueous hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) treatment and chromium resource recovery toward Cr-containing wastes are of significant importance and necessity to both wastewater remediation and resource recovery. Herein, via mild photoreaction conditions with isopropanol (IPA) as an electron donor, a catalyst-free strategy for aqueous Cr(VI) extraction to form an insoluble polyhydroxy Cr(V) complex is developed for the first time. Aqueous Cr(VI) with concentration from 5 to 150 ppm can be efficiently extracted with high selectivity even in the presence of coexisting ions, and the total Cr concentration in residue solution can be as low as 0.5 ppm. The Cr resource could be efficiently recovered as pure Cr

Abdominal pain is often observed after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Few studies have focused on the risk factors of post-ERCP abdominal pain without post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP). This study aimed to identify risk factors of post-ERCP abdominal pain without PEP and investigate characteristics of the abdominal pain in non-PEP patients.Data from patients who underwent ERCP from August 2019 to January 2020 were retrospectively collected. Characteristics of the abdominal pain after ERCP were recorded and compared between PEP and non-PEP patients. Multivariate analysis was conducted to identify risk factors of non-PEP abdominal pain.A total of 1295 ERCP procedures were investigated in this study, among which 100 (7.72%) patients presented post-ERCP abdominal pain without PEP and 63 (4.86%) patients with PEP. Multivariate analysis found 9 risk factors of non-PEP abdominal pain: age ≤ 65 years [odds ratio (OR): 1.971], primary ERCP (OR: 2.442), dilated extrahepatic bile duct (OR: 1.803), no papilla opening (OR: 2.095), pancreatic guidewire passages (OR: 2.258), white blood cells (WBC) ≤ 6.0 × 10This study indicated that age ≤ 65 years, primary ERCP, dilated extrahepatic bile duct, no papilla opening, pancreatic guidewire passages, lower WBC, lower PLT, normal γ - GT and elevated albumin were independent risk factors for post-ERCP abdominal pain without PEP. The pain occurred earlier in non-PEP patients than in PEP patients.

Context The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis may be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, whether HPA axis dysfunction is associated with incident T2D remains unclear in patients with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Objective To investigate the relationship between the diurnal cortisol features and the risk of incident T2D in patients with hypertension and OSA. Methods Participants with cortisol rhythm test at baseline in the Urumqi Research on Sleep Apnea and Hypertension cohort were enrolled. The Cox regression model was used to evaluate the relationship between ln-transformed diurnal cortisol features and T2D risk. Stratified and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Results A total of 1478 patients with hypertension and OSA were enrolled in this study. During a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 196 participants developed T2D. Overall, a steep diurnal cortisol slope (DCS) was significantly associated with decreased T2D risk (per SD increase, HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79-0.97, P = .014). Midnight cortisol was positively associated with increased T2D risk (per SD increase, HR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08-1.45, P = .003). Sensitivity analyses showed similar results. Neither DCS nor midnight cortisol was associated with incident T2D in the women’s subgroup or participants with mild OSA. Conclusion Steeper DCS and higher midnight cortisol levels are associated with lower and higher T2D risks in patients with hypertension and OSA, respectively, at least in men or participants with moderate to severe OSA. Diurnal cortisol features may represent an early prevention target for diabetes in this population.

Atomically precise Cu clusters are highly desirable as catalysts for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), and they provide an appropriate model platform for elaborating their structure–activity relationship. However, an efficient overall photocatalytic CO2RR with H2O using assembled Cu-cluster aggregates as heterogeneous photosensitive semiconductors has not been reported. Herein, we report a stable crystalline Cu–S–N cluster photocatalyst with local protonated N–H groups (denoted as Cu6–NH). The catalyst exhibits suitable photocatalytic redox potentials, high structural stability, active catalytic species, and a narrow bandgap, which account for its outstanding photocatalytic CO2RR performance under visible light, with ~100% selectivity for CO evolution. Remarkably, systematic isostructural Cu-cluster control experiments, in situ infrared spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations revealed that the protonated pyrimidine N atoms in the Cu6–NH cluster act as a proton relay station, providing a local proton during the photocatalytic CO2RR. This efficiently lowers the energy barrier for the formation of the *COOH intermediate, which is the rate-limiting step, efficiently enhancing the photocatalytic performance. This work lays the foundation for the development of atomically precise metal-cluster-based photocatalysts.

Fig. S1. RNA-seq based RBP Library construction and CRISPR screen reveals RBP hits related to tumor growth and metastasis. Fig. S2. PHF5A is frequently up-regulated in breast cancer, associated with poor clinical outcome, and essential for cancer cell proliferation and migration. Fig. S3. PHF5A associates with the U2 snRNP complex and regulates complex stability. Fig. S4. PHF5A globally regulates splicing. Fig. S5. The PHD-like domain in PHF5A is required for its association with Histone H3. Fig. S6 PHF5A regulates FASTK splicing to antagonize apoptotic signaling in breast cancer cells. Table S1. Clinicopathologic Variables in 40 Cases of TNBC Patients. Table S2. Primers Used in RT-PCR and qPCR Analyses. Table S3. Gene List of a Census of 1,542 Manually Curated RBPs and 159 Library Contained RBPs. Table S4. sgRNA Sequence of Genes in RBP library. Table S5. RIGER Ranking of Screen Hits. Table S6. Correlation between Clinicopathologic Variables and Expression of PHF5A in 373 Cases of Breast Cancer. Table S7. Univariate and Multivariate Analysis of DFS. Table S8. Univariate and Multivariate Analysis of DFS in TNBC Subgroup.

Alternative splicing (AS) and its regulation play critical roles in cancer, yet the dysregulation of AS and its molecular bases in breast cancer development have not yet been elucidated. Using an in vivo CRISPR screen targeting RNA-binding proteins, we identified PHD finger protein 5A (PHF5A) as a key splicing factor involved in tumor progression. PHF5A expression was frequently upregulated in breast cancer and correlated with poor survival, and knockdown of PHF5A significantly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and tumor formation. PHF5A was required for SF3b spliceosome stability and linked the complex to histones, and the PHF5A–SF3b complex modulated AS changes in apoptotic signaling. In addition, expression of a short truncated FAS-activated serine/threonine kinase (FASTK) protein was increased after PHF5A ablation and facilitated Fas-mediated apoptosis. This PHF5A-modulated FASTK–AS axis was widely present in breast cancer specimens, particularly those of the triple-negative subtype. Taken together, our findings reveal that PHF5A serves as an epigenetic suppressor of apoptosis and thus provides a mechanistic basis for breast cancer progression and may be a valuable therapeutic target.Significance: This study provides an epigenetic mechanistic basis for the aggressive biology of breast cancer and identifies a translatable therapeutic target. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3190–206. ©2018 AACR.

There has been little study of how the evolution of chemoresistance in cancer affects other aspects of disease pathogenesis. Here, we show that an important chemoresistance axis driven by cytidine deaminase (CDA) also acts to suppress cell-cycle progression by regulating cyclin E–CDK2 signaling. We found that CDA was regulated by miR-484 in a gemcitabine-resistant model of breast cancer. Elevating miR-484 expression reversed the CDA effects, thereby enhancing gemcitabine sensitivity, accelerating cell proliferation, and redistributing cell-cycle progression. Conversely, elevating CDA to restore its expression counteracted the chemosensitization and cell proliferative effects of miR-484. In clinical specimens of breast cancer, CDA expression was frequently downregulated and inversely correlated with miR-484 expression. Moreover, high expression of CDA was associated with prolonged disease-free survival in studied cohorts. Collectively, our findings established that miR-484–modulated CDA has a dual impact in promoting chemoresistance and suppressing cell proliferation in breast cancer, illustrating the pathogenic tradeoffs associated with the evolution of chemoresistance in this malignant disease. Cancer Res; 75(7); 1504–15. ©2015 AACR.

Supplementary Methods

Supplementary Figures S1-S6: qPCR analysis of selected genes was performed in MDA-231-Gem and parental MDA-231 cells (S1); qPCR analysis of 7 genes in the gemcitabine metabolism pathway was performed in MDA-231-Gem and parental MDA-231 cells (S2); The expression of miR-339-5p, miR-484 and miR-345-5p was assessed by miRNA qPCR in MDA-231-Gem cells compared to MDA-231 cells (S3); Constructing an mRNA-miRNA network associated with the gemcitabine metabolism pathway (S4); Patient cohorts for IHC analysis (S5); Patient cohort for mRNA and miRNA expression analyses (S6).