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In view of the problem that the flow of intelligent substation traffic scheduling increases, resulting in the transmission delay also increases, this paper proposed a joint optimization method of Time Sensitive Network (TSN) path selection and scheduling, which combines the resource sensing K-Shortest Path Algorithm (KPA) path selection algorithm and the constraint based gating method. This method can select an optimal transmission path for TT flows and plan the transmission path for non TT flows. Based on the scheduling mechanism of TSN, constraints and optimization objective functions are established, and a gating scheduling method based on constraints is proposed. Finally, the test and verification platform of the scheme is designed and built. Through the test and verification platform, the data stream transmission delay and delay jitter of the scheme are analyzed, and the algorithms are compared and analyzed from the aspects of running time and schedulability. With the continuous evolution of the follow-up TSN technology and the in-depth promotion of the power industry, more and more TSN key technologies will be applied to the smart grid.

Background Context: This study’s purpose was to evaluate the biomechanical performance of plate–nail and dual-plate fixation for the treatment of AO/OTA 41-C2 tibial plateau fractures. Methods: Twenty synthetic tibias were selected and randomly divided into a plate–nail group (n = 10) and a dual-plate group (n = 10). After the artificial tibias were osteotomized to simulate AO/OTA 41-C2 tibial plateau fractures in both groups, the plate–nail and the dual-plate methods, respectively, were used for fixation, and then axial compression loading, three-point bending, torsion, and axial failure tests were carried out. The data of each group were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results: In the axial compression test, the average stiffness of the plate–nail group was higher than that of the dual-plate group (p < 0.05). The displacement generated in the plate–nail group was significantly smaller than that in the dual-plate group (p < 0.05). In the resisting varus test, the stress of the plate–nail group was significantly higher than that of the dual-plate group (p < 0.05). In the resisting valgus test, the stress of the plate–nail group was slightly higher than that of the dual-plate group, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In the static torsion test, the load applied to the plate–nail group was smaller than that of the dual-plate group when rotated to 5° (p < 0.05). In the axial compression failure test, the average ultimate load of the plate–nail group was significantly higher than that of the dual-plate group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The treatment of AO/OTA 41-C2 tibial plateau fractures with plate–nail fixation is superior to that with dual-plate fixation in resisting axial stress and preventing tibial varus deformity, while dual-plate fixation has better resisting torsional ability.

Land surface temperature (LST) is a critical indicator of the earth’s surface environment, which has significant implications for research on the ecological environment and climate change. The influence of terrain on LST is complex due to its rugged and varied surface topography. The relationship between traditional terrain features and LST has been comprehensively discussed in the literature; however, terrain blockage has received less attention and could influence LST by hindering the redistribution of heat energy in mountain regions. Here, we investigate the influence of terrain blockage on the spatiotemporal variation in LST in mountain regions. We first propose a terrain feature framework to characterize the effect of terrain blockage from the perspective of heat energy redistribution and then adopt a random forest model to analyze the relationship between terrain blockage features and LST over a whole year. The results show that terrain blockage significantly influences the spatial heterogeneity of LST, which can be effectively simulated based on terrain blockage features, with a mean deviation of less than 0.15 K. Terrain blockage has a more pronounced influence on LST during the four months from June to September. This influence is also more evident during nighttime than daytime. Regarding LST in mountain regions, local terrain blockage features have a greater influence than global terrain blockage features. In spatial terms, the influence of terrain blockage on LST is uniform. Moreover, the diurnal variation in LST can also be effectively simulated based on terrain blockage. The contribution of this study lies in the finding that terrain blockage can influence the spatiotemporal variation in LST through the process of heat energy redistribution. The terrain blockage features proposed in this study may be useful for other studies of the ecological environment in mountain regions.

Abstract Background and Aim Epidemiological evidence on the relationship between exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), both single and mixed, and serum lipid levels is limited, and their relationship remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the associations of exposure to VOCs with serum lipid levels in the US adult population. Methods and results The study examined the association of 16 VOC levels (2-methylhippuric acid, 3- and 4-methylhippuric acid, N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-L-cysteine, 2-aminothiazoline-4-carboxylic acid, N-acetyl-S-(benzyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(2-carboxyethyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(2-cyanoethyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)-L-cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine. N-Acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine, mandelic acid, N-acetyl-S-(4-hydroxy-2-butenyl)-L-cysteine, phenylglyoxylic acid and N-acetyl-S-(3-hydroxypropyl-1-methyl)-L-cysteine) with total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2011 and 2015, and a total of 1410 adults were enrolled. The association was evaluated by Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), multiple linear regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression. In BKMR analysis, exposure to VOCs is positively correlated with levels of TC, TG, and LDL-C. However, statistical significance was observed only for the impact on TG. Our linear regression analysis and WQS regression generally support the BKMR results. Several VOCs were positively associated with serum lipid profiles (e.g., the ln-transformed level of mandelic acid (MA) displayed an increase in estimated changes of 7.01 (95% CIs: 2.78, 11.24) mg/dL for TC level), even after the effective number of tests for multiple testing (P

Abstract Electrochemical conversion of CO2 to formic acid using Bismuth catalysts is one the most promising pathways for industrialization. However, it is still difficult to achieve high formic acid production at wide voltage intervals and industrial current densities because the Bi catalysts are often poisoned by oxygenated species. Herein, we report a Bi3S2 nanowire-ascorbic acid hybrid catalyst that simultaneously improves formic acid selectivity, activity, and stability at high applied voltages. Specifically, a more than 95% faraday efficiency was achieved for the formate formation over a wide potential range above 1.0 V and at ampere-level current densities. The observed excellent catalytic performance was attributable to a unique reconstruction mechanism to form more defective sites while the ascorbic acid layer further stabilized the defective sites by trapping the poisoning hydroxyl groups. When used in an all-solid-state reactor system, the newly developed catalyst achieved efficient production of pure formic acid over 120 hours at 50 mA cm–2 (200 mA cell current).

Background and objective Lung large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare and highly malignant lung tumor with a poor prognosis. Currently, most research on LCNEC is based on retrospective studies and lacks validation in the real world. The study aims to identify independent risk factors and establish and validate a predictive model for the prognosis of LCNEC. Methods Patient data were extracted from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) and our department's hospitalization records from 2010 to 2015 and 2016 to 2020, respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to evaluate overall survival (OS). OS is defined as the time from diagnosis to death or last follow-up for a patient. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify significant prognostic factors and construct a Nomogram for predicting the prognosis of LCNEC. Results In total, 1892 LCNEC patients were included and divided into a training cohort (n=1288) and two validation cohorts (n=552, n=52). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that age, gender, primary tumor site, laterality, T stage, N stage, M stage, surgery, and radiotherapy were factors that could affect the prognosis of LCNEC patients (P

Abstract Background Previous research has shown the strong association between psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and suicide. However, the predictive role of PLEs in suicidal ideation (SI) during the COVID-19 pandemic remains unclear. Aims This study aimed to explore the association between PLEs before the pandemic and SI during the pandemic among late adolescents. Methods A total of 938 technical secondary school and college students completed both waves of the online survey before and during the pandemic. PLEs were assessed through the 15-item Positive Subscale of the Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences. SI was evaluated by the frequency of SI during the pandemic. Results In early stage of the pandemic, most students had low frequent SI, and only 3.3% students showed high frequent SI. Compared to the low frequent group, the high frequent group exhibited significantly higher levels of PLEs (p < 0.001) and scored lower in resilience (p = .001) and perceived social support (p = .008) across the two timepoints. PLEs were significantly associated with higher risk of high frequent SI (OR = 2.56, 95%: 1.07–6.13), while better resilience (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.88–0.99) and stronger perceived social support (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93–0.99) appeared to be protective factors. No interactions were found among PLEs and other psychosocial and psychological factors. Conclusions PLEs may increase the risk of SI in early stage of the pandemic, while good resilience and adequate social support can help weaken the risk.

Abstract Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are an effective way to explore genotype–phenotype associations in humans, animals, and plants. Various GWAS methods have been developed based on different genetic or statistical assumptions. However, no single method is optimal for all traits and, for many traits, the putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are detected by the different methods do not entirely overlap due to the diversity of the genetic architecture of complex traits. Therefore, multi-tool-based GWAS strategies that combine different methods have been increasingly employed. To take this one step further, we propose an ensemble-like GWAS strategy (E-GWAS) that statistically integrates GWAS results from different single GWAS methods. Results E-GWAS was compared with various single GWAS methods using simulated phenotype traits with different genetic architectures. E-GWAS performed stably across traits with different genetic architectures and effectively controlled the number of false positive genetic variants detected without decreasing the number of true positive variants. In addition, its performance could be further improved by using a bin-merged strategy and the addition of more distinct single GWAS methods. Our results show that the numbers of true and false positive SNPs detected by the E-GWAS strategy slightly increased and decreased, respectively, with increasing bin size and when the number and the diversity of individual GWAS methods that were integrated in E-GWAS increased, the latter being more effective than the bin-merged strategy. The E-GWAS strategy was also applied to a real dataset to study backfat thickness in a pig population, and 10 candidate genes related to this trait and expressed in adipose-associated tissues were identified. Conclusions Using both simulated and real datasets, we show that E-GWAS is a reliable and robust strategy that effectively integrates the GWAS results of different methods and reduces the number of false positive SNPs without decreasing that of true positive SNPs.

Abstract Background Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is a vital pro-oncogenic bacterium. Our previous study revealed that a high abundance of F. nucleatum in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is correlated with poor patient prognosis. However, the impact of F. nucleatum on metabolic reprogramming and tumor progression in HNSCC awaits more exploration. Methods Liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry (LC‒MS) was applied to analyze the altered metabolites in a head and neck carcinoma cell line (AMC-HN-8) after coculture with F. nucleatum for 24 hrs and 48 hrs. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were used to screen for differential metabolites. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway enrichment analysis was further used to explore the metabolic changes. Results We observed a significantly altered metabolic profile in AMC-HN-8 cells over time after coculture with F. nucleatum. Among the several enriched pathways, the purine metabolic pathway was the most significantly enriched (P = 0.0005), with downregulation of purine degradation. Furthermore, uric acid, the end product of purine metabolism, significantly reversed F. nucleatum-triggered tumor progression and altered the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. Moreover, the negative correlation between the serum uric acid level and the abundance of F. nucleatum was verified in 113 HNSCC patients (P = 0.0412, R = − 0.1924). Conclusions Our study revealed obviously aberrant purine metabolism driven by F. nucleatum in HNSCC, which was closely related to tumor progression and patient prognosis. These findings indicate the possibility of targeting F. nucleatum-induced purine metabolism reprogramming in the future treatment of HNSCC.

Abstract Objective Early intervention with neutralizing antibodies is considered to be effective in preventing disease progression in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection. Elderly patients are the most susceptible and at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection. The present study aimed to assess the necessity and possible clinical benefits of the early administration of Amubarvimab/Romlusevimab (BRII-196/198) in the elderly population. Methods The present study was designed as a retrospective, multi-center cohort study conducted with 90 COVID-19 patients aged over 60, who were divided into two groups based on the timing of the administration of BRII-196/198 (administration at ≤ 3 days or > 3 days from the onset of infection symptoms). Results The ≤ 3 days group exhibited a greater positive effect (HR 5.94, 95% CI, 1.42–24.83; P 3 days group who exhibited disease progression. The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed low flow oxygen support prior to BRII-196/198 administration (HR 3.53, 95% CI 1.42–8.77, P

Abstract Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is thought to be the gold standard for primary aldosteronism (PA) subtype discrimination, during which the application of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) arouses heated debate. We aimed to identify the effect of ACTH on AVS and surgical outcomes. After propensity score matching (PSM), a total of 220 patients diagnosed with PA and completed AVS were included (110 without ACTH stimulation and 110 with ACTH stimulation). According to AVS results, surgeries were conducted in appropriate patients. ACTH stimulation significantly increased almost all selectivity index (SI) in both left adrenal vein (LAV) and right adrenal vein (RAV). We discovered that aldosterone/cortisol (A/C) value on dominant side significantly reduced after ACTH stimulation, with a reduction in lateralization index (LI) observed. Finally, 39 patients in unstimulated group and 32 patients in stimulated group completed surgery and enough follow‐up. The comparison between surgical outcomes with and without ACTH stimulation was analyzed and the difference was not significant (p = .464). In conclusion, ACTH application significantly lowered A/C value instead of the relative aldosterone secretion index (RASI) value on dominant side, which did not yield superior surgical outcomes and might render confusing AVS interpretation.

Abstract Background The optimal anesthesia technique for older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery remains controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of updated randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess whether regional anesthesia was superior to general anesthesia in hip fracture surgery. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 2000 until April 2022. RCTs directly comparing regional and general anesthesia in hip fracture surgery were included in the analysis. The incidence of delirium and mortality were the primary outcomes and other perioperative outcomes including complications were secondary outcomes. Results Thirteen studies involving 3736 patients were included in this study. There was no significant difference in the incidence of delirium (odds ratio [OR] 1.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.86, 1.37) and mortality (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.71, 1.64) between the two groups. Patients receiving regional anesthesia in hip fracture surgery were associated with a reduction in operative time (weighted mean difference [WMD]: − 4.74; 95% CI − 8.85, − 0.63), intraoperative blood loss (WMD: − 0.25; 95% CI − 0.37, − 0.12), postoperative pain score (WMD: − 1.77; 95% CI − 2.79, − 0.74), length of stay (WMD: − 0.10; 95% CI − 0.18, − 0.02), and risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.36, 0.87). No significant difference was observed in the other perioperative outcomes. Conclusions For older patients undergoing hip fracture surgery, RA did not significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium and mortality compared to GA. Due to the limitations of this study, the evidence on delirium and mortality was still inconclusive and further high-quality studies are needed.

BackgroundAs the main driver of talent cultivation in colleges and universities, the learning and development level of college students is a core indicator of the quality of talent cultivation. The current status of college students' learning has always been a heavily researched topic. However, there is a lack of academic research on the potential mechanisms of self-control about how it affects college students' learning engagement. This study explored the relationship between college students' self-control and learning engagement and the potential mechanisms underlying this relationship with reference to a large sample.MethodsA total of 765 college students from Guangxi, China, completed the self-control scale, the resilience scale, the positive emotions scale, and the learning engagement scale. SPSS 26.0 was used to conduct common method bias tests, descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and regression analyses. Structural equation modeling was constructed using AMOS 26.0, and mediation effects were tested.ResultsThis article mainly used questionnaires to collect data and, on this basis, examined the relationship between self-control, resilience, positive emotions, and the learning engagement of college students. The results showed that (1) self-control positively affected college students' learning engagement; (2) resilience partially mediated the relationship between self-control and college students' learning engagement; (3) positive emotions partially mediated the relationship between self-control and college students' learning engagement; and (4) resilience and positive emotions played a chain-mediating role between self-control and college students' learning engagement.ConclusionThe present study identifies the potential mechanism underlying the association between the self-control and learning engagement of college students. The results of this study have practical implications for enhancing the learning engagement of Chinese college students by increasing their psychological resources and improving the teaching of university teachers.

Iron slag, a byproduct of the wet zinc refining process, contains a substantial amount of valuable metals such as iron and zinc, making it highly valuable for comprehensive recovery and reuse. However, before recovery, the iron slag requires dehydration pretreatment. The water content in iron slag remains relatively high and difficult to remove even after pressure filtration, leading to extended drying times, reduced drying efficiency, and increased energy consumption. This study explores a novel ultrasonic pretreatment process for iron slag. Using the response surface methodology, we investigated the effects of ultrasonic power, ultrasonic time, liquid-to-solid ratio, and their interactions on the water content, capillary suction time (CST), and filtration resistance of the slag. Regression equations were established to predict the relationships between the water content, CST, filtration resistance, and the various factors. The optimal process parameters were determined as an ultrasonic power of 60 W, ultrasonic time of 22 s, and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 4:1. Under these conditions, the dehydration performance of the iron slag was optimal. The measured values closely matched the predicted values, demonstrating the reliability of the model and the feasibility of the optimized process. Our study of the mechanism of ultrasonic action on iron slag found that under the influence of ultrasonic waves, the particle size of the slag significantly decreased, and the particle morphology changed. Compared to conventional drying, the drying rate of the iron slag after ultrasonic pretreatment was accelerated, and the drying time was reduced.

Abstract Hyperuricemia, caused by an imbalance between the rates of production and excretion of uric acid (UA), may greatly increase the mortality rates in patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Herein, for fast‐acting and long‐lasting hyperuricemia treatment, armored red blood cell (RBC) biohybrids, integrated RBCs with proximal, cascaded‐enzymes of urate oxidase (UOX) and catalase (CAT) encapsulated within ZIF‐8 framework‐based nanoparticles, have been fabricated based on a super‐assembly approach. Each component is crucial for hyperuricemia treatment: 1) RBCs significantly increase the circulation time of nanoparticles; 2) ZIF‐8 nanoparticles‐based superstructure greatly enhances RBCs resistance against external stressors while preserving native RBC properties (such as oxygen carrying capability); 3) the ZIF‐8 scaffold protects the encapsulated enzymes from enzymatic degradation; 4) no physical barrier exists for urate diffusion, and thus allow fast degradation of UA in blood and neutralizes the toxic by‐product H2O2. In vivo results demonstrate that the biohybrids can effectively normalize the UA level of an acute hyperuricemia mouse model within 2 h and possess a longer elimination half‐life (49.7 ± 4.9 h). They anticipate that their simple and general method that combines functional nanomaterials with living cell carriers will be a starting point for the development of innovative drug delivery systems.

Abstract Aims Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), especially for persistent PLEs, are highly predictive of subsequent mental health problems. Hence, it is crucial to explore the psychopathological associations underlying the occurrence and persistence of PLEs. This study aimed to explore the above issues through a longitudinal dynamic network approach among PLEs and psychological and psychosocial factors. Methods A total of 3,358 college students completed two waves of online survey (from Oct 2021 to Oct 2022). Socio-demographic information was collected at baseline, and PLEs, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and adverse life events were assessed in both waves. Cross-lagged panel network analyses were used to establish networks among individuals with baseline PLEs as well as those without. Results At baseline, 455(13.5%) students were screened positive for PLEs. Distinct dynamic network structures were revealed among participants with baseline PLEs and those without. While ‘psychomotor disturbance’ had the strongest connection with PLEs in participants with baseline PLEs, ‘suicide/self-harm’ was most associated with PLEs in those without. Among all three subtypes of PLEs, bizarre experiences and persecutory ideation were the most affected nodes by other constructs in participants with baseline PLEs and those without, respectively. Additionally, wide interconnections within the PLEs construct existed only among participants without baseline PLEs. Conclusions The study provides time-variant associations between PLEs and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and adverse life events using network structures. These findings help to reveal the crucial markers of the occurrence and persistence of PLEs, and shed high light on future intervention aimed to prevent and relieve PLEs.

Cryptorchidism is a common cause of male infertility, often necessitating microdissection testicular sperm extraction (m-TESE) for sperm retrieval post-surgery. However, uncertainties persist regarding m-TESE outcomes and influencing factors following cryptorchidism surgery. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate sperm retrieval rates (SRR) among patients undergoing m-TESE after cryptorchidism surgery. Factors including age at orchidopexy, age at m-TESE, type of cryptorchidism, serum hormone levels, testicular volume, and interval from surgery to m-TESE were analyzed for their impact on SRR.Nine studies encompassing 935 patients were included. The overall SRR was 57% (95% confidence interval [CI] 51% to 63%). Compared to patients with negative sperm retrieval (SR-), patients with positive sperm retrieval (SR+) underwent m-TESE at an older age (1.81 years; 95% CI 1.17 to 2.45) and orchidopexy at a younger age (-3.35 years; 95% CI -6.34 to -0.36). Different types of cryptorchidism (including high scrotal, inguinal canal, intra-abdominal) significantly influenced SRR (P0.05). Furthermore, SR- patients typically experienced shorter intervals from orchidopexy to m-TESE compared to SR+ patients (34.09 months; 95% CI 0.40 to 67.77). Earlier orchidopexy and much later m-TESE procedures, as well as undescended testis closer to the scrotum, increase the likelihood of successful sperm retrieval. Orchidopexy for cryptorchidism should be done as early as possible, whether it is performed before 18 months of age or detected at a much older age. In patients with undetected cryptorchidism and azoospermia after puberty, m-TESE should not be performed immediately after orchidopexy, the optimal interval from orchidopexy to m-TESE still requires further study.

Objective. The objective of this study is to explore the utilization of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology in evaluating the likelihood of identifying individuals with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC ≤10 mm) who are at high or low risk. Design. NGS was used to analyze 393 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of PTC tumors, all of which were smaller than 15 mm. Results. The study found that bilateralism, multifocality, intrathyroidal spread, and extrathyroidal extension were present in 84 (21.4%), 153 (38.9%), 16 (4.1%), and 54 (13.7%) cases, respectively. Metastasis of cervical lymph nodes was identified in 226 (57.5%) cases and 96 (24.4%) cases with CLNM >5. Out of the total number of cases studied, 8 cases (2.3%) showed signs of tumor recurrence, all of which were localized and regional. Genetic alterations were detected in 342 cases (87.0%), with 336 cases revealing single mutations and 6 cases manifesting compound mutations. 332 cases (84.5%) had BRAFV600E mutation, 2 cases had KRASQ61K mutation, 2 cases had NRASQ61R mutation, 8 cases had RET/PTC1 rearrangement, 3 cases had RET/PTC3 rearrangement, and 1 case had TERT promoter mutation. Additionally, six individuals harbored concurrent mutations in two genes. These mutations were of various types and combinations: BRAFV600E and NRASQ61R (n = 2), BRAFV600E and RET/PTC3 (n = 2), BRAFV600E and RET/PTC1 (n = 1), and BRAFV600E and TERT promoter (n = 1). The subsequent analysis did not uncover a significant distinction in the incidence of gene mutation or fusion between the cN0 and cN1 patient cohorts. The presence of BRAFV600E mutation and CLNM incidence rates were found to be positively correlated with larger tumor size in PTMC. Our data showed that gene mutations did not appear to have much to do with high-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). However, when we looked at tumor size, we found that if the tumor was at least 5 millimeters in size, there was a higher chance of it being at high risk for PTM (P

AbstractPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been widely used in clinical practice. The mechanism by which PRP promotes tissue repair lies in the release of multiple growth factors upon platelet activation, which accelerates the proliferation and differentiation of repair cells and the synthesis of extracellular matrix. In recent years, as extracellular vesicles (EVs) research has increased and intensified, it has been found that EVs also play an important role in tissue repair. This article provides a comprehensive review of the role of PRP and PRP-derived extracellular vesicles (PRP-EVs) in tissue repair. It discusses the biological characteristics, extraction, identification, activation, and preservation of PRP-EVs. It also reviews their applications in orthopedics and wound repair. The article highlights the importance of PRP-EVs in modern medicine and suggests that they could be a promising natural nanocarrier.

Background Breast cancer (BC) is a malignancy that is inadequately treated and poses a significant global health threat to females. The aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) acts as a complex with a precise regulatory role in BC progression. LINC00969 has been linked to pyroptotic cell death and resistance to gefitinib in lung cancer cells. However, the precise function and regulatory mechanisms of LINC00969 in BC remain largely unexplored. Methods Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of BC cells were evaluated using CCK-8 and Transwell assays. Western blotting was employed to analyze the protein expression levels of HOXD8, ILP2, PI3K, t-AKT, and p-AKT. Results LINC00969 was drastically reduced in BC tissues LINC00969 overexpression markedly suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion, and blocked PI3K and p-AKT protein expression in MCF-7 cells. Activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway reversed the suppressive effect of LINC0096 overexpression on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MCF-7 cells. Moreover, LINC00969 overexpression enhanced HOXD8 and blocked ILP2 protein expression in MCF-7 cells. In contrast, activating the PI3K/AKT pathway had no effect on HOXD8 and blocked ILP2 protein expression in MCF-7 cells overexpressing LINC00969. HOXD8 knockdown enhanced ILP2, PI3K, and p-AKT protein expression, and the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MCF-7 cells co-transfected with si-HOXD8 and ov-LINC00969. LINC00969 regulated HOXD8 via binding to miR-425-5p. Conclusion LINC00969 inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of BC cells by regulating PI3K/AKT phosphorylation through HOXD8/ILP2.

BackgroundTo assess the clinical and safety outcomes of endovascular treatment (EVT) administered more than 24 h after the onset of symptoms in patients with acute ischemic stroke resulting from anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion or stenosis (AIS-ACLVO/S).MethodsWe enrolled consecutive AIS-ACLVO/S patients who received EVT in our hospital between January 2019 and February 2022 and divided them into two groups based on the time from AIS onset to EVT: EVT 24 h group. The successful reperfusion (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction, [mTICI] ≥2b), 90-day modified Rankin Scale score (mRS), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and symptomatic ICH (sICH), as well as mortality, were analyzed in the two groups of patients.ResultsA total of 239 patients were included in the study, with 214 patients in the EVT 24 h group (62.80 ± 2.0 years, 22 males). Both groups were similar in terms of hypertension, diabetes history, responsible vessels, and Alberta stroke program early computed tomography scores (p > 0.05). However, the EVT 24 h group. AIS etiology differed between the groups, with more cases of large artery atherosclerosis in the EVT > 24-h group and more cases of cardioembolism in the EVT 24-h than in the EVT < 24-h group (80% vs. 39.7%, p 24-h group (0% vs. 24.8%, p

Summary: Few models exist for predicting severe ischemic complications (SIC) in patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA). We conducted a retrospective analysis of 703 patients with TA from January 2010 to December 2019 to establish an SIC prediction model for TA. SIC was defined as ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction. SIC was present in 97 of 703 (13.8%) patients with TA. Common iliac artery, coronary artery, internal carotid artery, subclavian artery, vertebral artery, renal artery involvement, chest pain, hyperlipidemia, absent pulse, higher BMI, vascular occlusion, asymmetric blood pressure in both upper limbs, visual disturbance, and older age were selected as predictive risk factors. Considering both discrimination and calibration performance, the Weighted Subspace Random Forest model was the most optimal model, boasting an area under the curve of 0.773 (95% confidence interval [0.652, 0.894]) in the validation cohort. Effective models for predicting SIC in TA may help clinicians identify high-risk patients and make targeted interventions.

Summary: With pre-trained large models and their associated fine-tuning paradigms being constantly applied in deep learning, the performance of large models achieves a dramatic boost, mostly owing to the improvements on both data quantity and quality. Next-generation synchrotron light sources offer ultra-bright and highly coherent X-rays, which are becoming one of the largest data sources for scientific experiments. As one of the most data-intensive scanning-based imaging methodologies, ptychography produces an immense amount of data, making the adoption of large deep learning models possible. Here, we introduce and refine the architecture of a neural network model to improve the reconstruction performance, through fine-tuning large pre-trained model using a variety of datasets. The pre-trained model exhibits remarkable generalization capability, while the fine-tuning strategy enhances the reconstruction quality. We anticipate this work will contribute to the advancement of deep learning methods in ptychography, as well as in broader coherent diffraction imaging methodologies in future.

ABSTRACTObjectives The relationship between microbiota and HPSCC recurrence and metastasis remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the role of the tumour microbiota in the disease-free survival (DFS) of HPSCC patients.Materials and methods Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumour tissues were collected from 103 patients with HPSCC for 16S rRNA sequencing. We analysed the tumour microbiota in HPSCC patients with recurrence/metastasis and nonrecurrence/metastasis. The linear predictor score (LPS) was calculated based on the Cox regression model to assess the risk of recurrence and metastasis. Then, a time-dependent ROC curve was used to evaluate the prognostic power of the LPS.Results The phyla Bacteroidota, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most abundant bacterial taxa in the tumour tissues. Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.289, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.137–0.608, p= 0.001) and Prevotella (HR = 3.744, 95% CI 1.439–9.738, p= 0.007) were independent predictors of DFS. The predicting classifier for recurrence and metastasis risk yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.838 at 3 years and 0.860 at 5 years.Conclusion Our study demonstrated the relationship between tumour microbiota and recurrence and metastasis in patients with HPSCC.

The simulation of the initial stress field of coal rock generally generalizes the coal seam, roof and floor and overlying rock layer into isotropic plates, and the stress field simulation of the entire wellfield scale has certain limitations if this method is adopted. In order to accurately construct the coal and rock physical property parameters model under complex geological conditions, the 3D model that conforms to the fluctuation of coal seam was constructed by using Petrel software platform, well point data interpolation, seismic data liaison control, well logging data calculation and laboratory test data correction. The bending energy index of the coal seam roof in the study area is calculated, the bursting liability of the roof is preliminarily evaluated, and the roof is divided according to the evaluation criteria.

Abstract Objective Although synchronous multiple primary lung cancers (sMPLCs) are common in clinical practice, the choice of surgical modalities for the main lesion is still at the stage of exploration. This study is designed to analyze the prognosis of sMPLCs and single primary lung cancers with similar tumor stages and to explore whether sublobar resection has a similar prognosis as lobectomy for sMPLCs. Methods One-hundred forty-one cases of sMPLCs were selected, including the following: 65 cases underwent lobectomy for main lesions, and 76 cases underwent sublobar resection for main lesions. One thousand one hundred forty-four cases of single primary lung cancer were matched at 1:1 by propensity score matching. Then, the patients with sMPLCs were divided into a lobectomy group and a sublobar group according to the first tumor stage. Ninety-eight cases of patients with sMPLCs were matched. The short-term perioperative effect, 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rate between the two groups were compared. Results There was no significant difference in OS between sMPLCs and single primary lung cancer after lobectomy (77.1% vs. 77.2%, P = 0.157) and sublobar resection (98.7% vs. 90.7%, P = 0.309). There was no significant difference in OS (86.7% vs. 83.9%, P = 0.482) or DFS (67.6 vs. 87.7%, P = 0.324) between the lobectomy group and sublobar group with sMPLCs. The sublobar resection group obtained a lower incidence of postoperative complications (40.8% vs. 16.3%, P = 0.007) and shorter postoperative hospital stay (11.22 vs. 9.27, P = 0.049). Conclusion The prognosis of patients with sMPLCs generally depends on the main tumor state, which has no statistical difference regardless of sublobar resection or lobectomy, and the perioperative period of sublobar resection is safer than that of lobectomy.

Abstract We present angle-uniform parallel coordinates, a data-independent technique that deforms the image plane of parallel coordinates so that the angles of linear relationships between two variables are linearly mapped along the horizontal axis of the parallel coordinates plot. Despite being a common method for visualizing multidimensional data, parallel coordinates are ineffective for revealing positive correlations since the associated parallel coordinates points of such structures may be located at infinity in the image plane and the asymmetric encoding of negative and positive correlations may lead to unreliable estimations. To address this issue, we introduce a transformation that bounds all points horizontally using an angle-uniform mapping and shrinks them vertically in a structure-preserving fashion; polygonal lines become smooth curves and a symmetric representation of data correlations is achieved. We further propose a combined subsampling and density visualization approach to reduce visual clutter caused by overdrawing. Our method enables accurate visual pattern interpretation of data correlations, and its data-independent nature makes it applicable to all multidimensional datasets. The usefulness of our method is demonstrated using examples of synthetic and real-world datasets.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases and its onset is significantly associated with genetic factors. Being the capabilities of high specificity and accuracy, genetic testing has been considered as an important technique for AD diagnosis. In this paper, we presented an improved deep learning (DL) algorithm, namely differential genes screening TabNet (DGS-TabNet) for AD binary and multi-class classifications. For performance evaluation, our proposed approach was compared with three novel DLs of multi-layer perceptron (MLP), neural oblivious decision ensembles (NODE), TabNet as well as five classical machine learnings (MLs) including decision tree (DT), random forests (RF), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) and support vector machine (SVM) on the public data set of gene expression omnibus (GEO). Moreover, the biological interpretability of global important genetic features implemented for AD classification was revealed by the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO). The results demonstrated that our proposed DGS-TabNet achieved the best performance with an accuracy of 93.80% for binary classification, and with an accuracy of 88.27% for multi-class classification. Meanwhile, the gene pathway analyses demonstrated that there existed two most important global genetic features of AVIL and NDUFS4 and those obtained 22 feature genes were partially correlated with AD pathogenesis. It was concluded that the proposed DGS-TabNet could be used to detect AD-susceptible genes and the biological interpretability of susceptible genes also revealed the potential possibility of being AD biomarkers.

Abstract Background Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) may destroy endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis (ER homeostasis) and leads to programmable cell death. Unfolded protein response (UPR) originally stimulated by ER stress is critical for the survival of tumor cells through trying to re-establish ER homeostasis as an adaption to harsh microenvironment. However, mechanisms involving key regulators in modulating UPR remain underexplored. Methods The expression of LINP1 in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) tissues and cell lines was assessed. Subsequently, LINP1 was knocked out, knocked down or overexpressed in cSCC cells. CCK-8 assays, colony forming assays, transwell migration assays and invasiveness measurement by matrigel-coated transwell were performed to examine the role of LINP1 in cSCC development through gain-of-function and loss-of-function experiments. Transcriptomic sequencing (RNA-Seq) was conducted and indicated the key downstream signaling events regulated by LINP1 including UPR and apoptosis signaling. Furthermore, the direct interaction between LINP1 and eIF2α to modulate UPR and apoptosis was confirmed by RNA pulldown, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), ChIP-qPCR and in vitro phosphorylation assays. Results In this study, LncRNA in non-homologous end joining pathway 1 (LINP1) was identified to be one of the top ten highest-expressed LncRNAs in cSCC, the second most common cancer in the world. Functional studies using in vitro and in vivo models revealed that LINP1 functions as an oncogene to promote cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasiveness while inhibiting cell apoptosis in cSCC. Transcriptomic sequencing after knockdown of LINP1 indicated LINP1 negatively regulates UPR-related pathways involving key effectors for activating UPR and the apoptosis following the prolonged UPR. Mechanistic study showed LINP1 physically interacts with eIF2α to inhibit its phosphorylation for avoiding unmitigated UPR. Loss of LINP1 followed by enhanced eIF2α phosphorylation led to overactivated UPR and induced DDIT3 expression, contributing to ER stress-induced apoptosis and suppression of cSCC development. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate a novel regulatory hierarchy of UPR by demonstrating LINP1 as a critical modulator for eIF2α phosphorylation and a suppressor of UPR-mediated apoptosis, which suggests a novel therapeutic target for cSCC treatment.

Abstract Background To report a rare case of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) manifesting as intraocular masses and scleritis in both eyes in a 61-year-old male and to investigate the changes in multimodal imaging features of the lesion sites and helper T-cell type 1 (Th 1)/Th 2/Th 17 cytokine levels in the aqueous humor. Case presentation A patient with IgG4-ROD seemingly manifested with an intraocular tumor in the left eye and sequentially, with an inflammatory mass in the ciliary body and scleritis in the right eye. The patient complained of vision loss of 6 months duration in the left eye at his first visit. With a preliminary diagnosis of an intraocular tumor, enucleation of the left eyeball and histopathological examination were performed. Approximately 3 months later, the patient started to experience headache, eye pain, and declining vision in the right eye. Ophthalmic imaging revealed a ciliary mass and scleritis. Th 1/Th 2/Th 17 cytokine levels and multimodal imaging findings were analyzed before and after corticosteroid treatment. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of the enucleated left eye demonstrated lymphoplasmacytic infiltration with an IgG4+/IgG+ cell ratio of approximately 40%, pointing to the diagnosis of probable IgG4-ROD. Long-term treatment with corticosteroids led to significant improvement in the signs and symptoms of the left eye. Th 1/Th 2/Th 17 cytokine profile monitoring of the aqueous humor and multimodal imaging of the right eye showed gradual regression of the mass and attenuation of ocular inflammation during treatment. Conclusions Patients with an atypical presentation of IgG4-ROD, such as intraocular masses and scleritis, are likely to experience a significant delay in diagnosis. This case demonstrates the significance of IgG4-ROD in the differential diagnosis of intraocular tumors and ocular inflammation. IgG4-RD is a newly diagnosed disease with multi-organ involvement and little is known about its pathogenesis, particularly in the eye. The present case will open new challenges in the clinico-pathological diagnosis and research of this disease. Combined investigations of multimodal imaging and cytokine level detection of intraocular fluid provide a new and effective way to monitor disease progression.

Controlling the morphology of Pt-based nanostructures can provide a great opportunity to boost their catalytic activity and durability. Here the authors report anisotropic mesoporous Pt@Pt-skin Pt3Ni core-shell framework nanowires for oxygen reduction reaction with enhanced mass activity and stability.

In this paper, we consider the existence of periodic solutions for a class of nonlinear difference systems involving classical $ (\phi_{1}, \phi_{2}) $-Laplacian. By using the least action principle, we obtain that the system with classical $ (\phi_{1}, \phi_{2}) $-Laplacian has at least one periodic solution when potential function is $ (p, q) $-sublinear growth condition, subconvex condition. The results obtained generalize and extend some known works.

Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) has the ability to achieve multi-objective optimization, but there are still many challenges. The key to realizing multi-objective optimization in FCS-MPC lies in the design of the cost function. However, the different dimensions of penalty terms in the cost function often lead to difficulties in designing weighting coefficients. Incorrect weighting coefficients may result in truncation errors in calculations of DSPs and FPGAs, thereby affecting the algorithm’s control performance. Therefore, this article focuses on a system driving an induction motor with a three-level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) inverter, and selects stator current and switching frequency as penalty terms in the cost function. An improved method is proposed to unify the dimensions of both penalty terms in the cost function. By unifying the dimensions of the penalty terms, a simple design of weighting coefficients can be achieved. Subsequently, to balance the inverter’s switching frequency and the dynamic response performance of the motor, a composite cost function is further proposed. Finally, the rationality of the proposed method is validated through simulation and experimental platforms.

Background: Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) is a rapidly progressive interstitial nephropathy caused by Aristolochic acid (AA). AAN is associated with the development of nephropathy and urothelial carcinoma. It is estimated that more than 100 million people worldwide are at risk of developing AAN. However, the underlying mechanisms driving renal deterioration in AAN remain poorly understood, and the treatment options are limited. Methods: We obtained GSE27168 and GSE136276 series matrix data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) related to AAN. Using the R Studio environment, we applied the limma package and WGCNA package to identify co-differently expressed genes (co-DEGs). By GO/KEGG/GSVA analysis, we revealed common biological pathways. Subsequently, co-DEGs were subjected to the String database to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The MCC algorithms implemented in the Cytohubba plugin were employed to identify hub genes. The hub genes were cross-referenced with the transcription factor (TF) database to identify hub TFs. Immune infiltration analysis was performed to identify key immune cell groups by utilizing CIBERSORT. The expressions of AAN-associated hub TFs were verified in vivo and in vitro. Finally, siRNA intervention was performed on the two TFs to verify their regulatory effect in AAN. Results: Our analysis identified 88 co-DEGs through the “limma” and “WGCNA” R packages. A PPI network comprising 53 nodes and 34 edges was constructed with a confidence level >0.4. ATF3 and c-JUN were identified as hub TFs potentially linked to AAN. Additionally, expressions of ATF3 and c-JUN positively correlated with monocytes, basophils, and vessels, and negatively correlated with eosinophils and endothelial cells. We observed a significant increase in protein and mRNA levels of these two hub TFs. Furthermore, it was found that siRNA intervention targeting ATF3, but not c-JUN, alleviated cell damage induced by AA. The knockdown of ATF3 protects against oxidative stress and inflammation in the AAN cell model. Conclusion: This study provides novel insights into the role of ATF3 in AAN. The comprehensive analysis sheds light on the molecular mechanisms and identifies potential biomarkers and drug targets for AAN treatment.