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BACKGROUND: Suicide is the most common cause of death among youth in China.MethodA case-control psychological autopsy study in 23 geographically representative disease surveillance points around China collected information from family members and close associates of 114 persons aged 15-24 years who died by suicide (cases) and 91 who died of other injuries (controls). RESULTS: Among the 114 suicides 61% were female, 88% lived in rural villages, 70% died by ingesting pesticides (most commonly stored in the home), 24% previously attempted suicide, and 45% met criteria of a mental illness at the time of death. Multivariate logistic regression identified several independent risk factors: severe life events within 2 days before death (OR 31.8, 95% CI 2.6-390.6), presence of any depressive symptoms within 2 weeks of death (OR 21.1, 95% CI 4.6-97.2), low quality of life in the month before death (OR 9.7, 95% CI 2.8-34.1), and acute stress at time of death (moderate: OR 3.1, 95% CI 0.8-11.9; high: OR 9.1, 95% CI 1.2-66.8). A significant interaction between mental illness at time of death and gender indicated that diagnosis was an important predictor of suicide in males (OR 14.0, 95% CI 2.6-76.5) but not in females (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.0-3.6). Prior suicide attempt was related to suicide in the univariate analysis (OR 57.5) but could not be included in the multivariate model because no controls had made prior attempts. CONCLUSIONS: Suicide prevention efforts for youth in China must focus on restricting access to pesticides, early recognition and management of depressive symptoms and mental illnesses, improving resiliency, and enhancing quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A statistical survey was conducted at the Burn Unit of the Tangdu Hospital, Shaanxi, China, during the 10-year period from January 2000 to December 2009. In this retrospective study, 383 patients who admitted to our burn unit because of electrical trauma were included. Data including the patient's general condition, clinical presentation, complications and operation times was collected retrospectively and analyzed with epidemiological methods. Subjects in our collective were predominantly male (90.3%, n=346/383) and were composed by those who injured in work-related incidents (78.3%, n=300/383), rural individuals (58.2%, n=223/383) and students (9.4%, n=36/383). High voltage was directly correlated to severity clinical complications, and amputation. The percentage of myocardial impairment was 79.3% (n=92/116) among patients who suffered with electrical current through heart tissue. Along with the more developed east area of China, electrical injuries are becoming a growing concern of the developing West part in China as well. Electrical injuries induce serious tissue damage, need long hospital stay, and result in high rate of permanent disability and economic hardship for the afflicted families. A competent prevention program needs to be developed to address this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIMS: To investigate the change points of HbA(1C) for detection of retinopathy in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: This cross-sectional investigation included 992 diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, who received non-mydriatic digital fundus photography examination. Joinpoint regression software was adopted to identify the change points of HbA(1C) in association with retinopathy prevalence. RESULTS: The mean age of all patients was 59.1±8.4 years and the duration of diabetes was 5.5 (95% CI: 5.2-5.9) years. The prevalence of retinopathy was 10.3% in total, and 4.1%, 7.4% and 19.6% in patients with different diabetes duration of <=5 years, 5-10 years and >10 years, respectively. The change point of HbA(1C) was 6.5% (95%CI 5.8-7.5%), at which retinopathy prevalence began to rise sharply. Furthermore, in subjects with diabetes duration <=5 years, 5-10 years and >10 years, the change points of HbA(1C) were 8.1% (95%CI 7.9-8.3%), 6.1% (95%CI 5.7-6.8%), 5.6% (95%CI 5.1-8.1%) for detection of retinopathy, respectively. CONCLUSION: The steepest increase in retinopathy prevalence occurred when HbA(1C) reached 6.5%. However, the duration of diabetes should be taken into concern, when using the change points of HbA(1C) for detection of retinopathy in diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dihydrotanshinone I (DHT) is an active ingredient derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Previous studies have demonstrated that DHT can improve cardiac function in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IR). However, the mechanism by which DHT improves myocardial injury in rats still requires further research. Lymphangiogenesis can reduce myocardial edema, inflammation, and fibrosis after myocardial infarction in rats, and improve cardiac function. In this study, the changes in cardiac functions, collagen fiber deposition in the infarcted area and the level of relevant indicators of lymphangiogenesis were examined by echocardiography, Masson's trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively. Human lymphatic endothelial cells (HLECs) were transfected with siVE-cadherin and siVEGFR-3, and the effects of DHT on HLEC cell viability, migration and tube formation were detected through CCK8, TUNEL, transwell, wound healing and tube formation assay. We found that in myocardial IR rats treated with DHT, the levels of LYVE-1, PROX1, VEGF-C, VEGFR-3, IGF-1, podoplanin and IGF-1R, which are associated with lymphangiogenesis, were increased, as well as the level of VE-cadherin, which maintains endothelial cell function. DHT reduced the levels of inflammatory factors and myocardial cell apoptosis, thereby improving cardiac function after I/R. To explore the mechanism of DHT promoting lymphangiogenesis, H 2 O 2 and OGD/R injury models of HLECs were constructed to simulate the microenvironment of myocardial IR in vitro. The results proved that DHT could reduce the damage and apoptosis of HLECs. On the other hand, DHT enhanced the expression of VEGFR-3 and VE-cadherin in HLECs, promoted cell migration and tube formation. The effects of DHT on the tube formation and migration of HLECs were significantly decreased after knocking down VEGFR-3 or VE-cadherin. Our research proposed that DHT could improve the heart function after IR through the enhancement of lymphangiogenesis and contributed to the development of the treatment methods for myocardial IR., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To explore the function of cyclopamine in corneal neovascularization and subsequent fibrosis after cornea alkali-burn injury., Methods: In vivo, mice cornea were injured by NaOH, and then treated with cyclopamine, clodronate liposomes (CLO-LPS), and vehicle of cyclopamine separately by subconjunctival injections. Clinical features were observed and pathological characteristics were examined. In vitro, M1 macrophages (M1φ) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were co-cultured, and the abilities of proliferation, migration, and tube formation of HUVECs were detected under different interventions of M1φ., Results: Alkali-burn injury induced massive angiogenesis and decreased transparency of the cornea, along with numerous macrophages infiltration and Shh protein expression in the cornea. However, corneal neovascularization, macrophage infiltration, and Shh expression could suppressed by cyclopamine and CLO-LPS significantly. In addition, treatment with cyclopamine also reduced the expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6) and fibrosis factors (VIM, α-SMA). In vitro, M1φ promotes migration and tube formation of HUVECs by secreting Shh protein, which could be inhibited by cyclopamine., Conclusion: Cyclopamine could suppress inflammation and angiogenesis of alkali-burned cornea, as well as subsequent fibrosis. The study reveals that cyclopamine suppresses corneal neovascularization in a dual mechanism of inhibiting macrophage infiltration and suppressing Shh signaling., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: The correlation between methylation of paired box gene 1 ( PAX1 ) and sex determining region Y-box 1 ( SOX1 ) with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and the progression of cervical lesions is not well understood. This study aims to explore the potential value of PAX1 and SOX1 as diagnostic biomarkers for cervical diseases., Methods: A total of 139 cervical biopsy tissue samples were obtained from the Department of Pathology, the Seventh Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital from 2021 to 2023. The samples include 32 cases of chronic cervicitis (inflammation group), 30 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL group), 50 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL group), and 27 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC group). DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded tissues, and the levels of HPV infection and methylation of PAX1 and SOX1 were detected., Results: The methylation index (M-index) of PAX1 and SOX1 in the HSIL and CSCC groups is significantly higher than in the inflammation group (both P < 0.0001), with no significant difference between the LSIL and inflammation groups. There is no significant difference in the positive PAX1 and SOX1 methylation rate with HPV infection and age. The positive rates of PAX1 methylation in the inflammation, LSIL, HSIL, and CSCC groups were 3.13%, 10.00%, 44.00%, and 88.89%, respectively. The positive rates of SOX1 methylation were 3.13%, 10.00%, 40.00%, and 77.78%, respectively, and increasing with the progression of cervical lesions (R 2 = 0.9189/R 2 = 0.9279, P < 0.0001/P < 0.0001). Comparing LSIL, HSIL, and CSCC with the inflammation group and using cervical biopsy pathology diagnosis as the gold standard, methylation of PAX1 and SOX1 is a risk factor for HSIL and CSCC, with odds ratio (OR) values significantly increasing as lesions progress. The sensitivity of PAX1 and SOX1 methylation to cervical lesions increases with the progression of the lesions., Conclusions: Methylation of SOX1 and PAX1 is not associated with HPV infection. The positive rate of methylation for SOX1 and PAX1 is positively correlated with cervical lesions, which can serve as potential biomarkers for HSIL and CSCC. They are risk factors and potential screening indicators for HSIL and above cervical lesions., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright 2025, Lin et al.)

Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest None disclosed.

Surgical resection, the mainstay for melanoma treatment, faces challenges due to high tumor recurrence rates and complex postoperative wound healing. Chronic inflammation from residual disease and the risk of secondary infections impede healing. We introduce an innovative, injectable hydrogel system that integrates a multifaceted therapeutic approach. The hydrogel, crosslinked by calcium ions with sodium alginate, encapsulates a blood clot rich in dendritic cells (DCs) chemoattractants and melanoma cell-derived nanovesicles (NVs), functioning as a potent immunostimulant. This in situ recruitment strategy overcomes the limitations of subcutaneous tumor vaccine injections and more effectively achieves antitumor immunity. Additionally, the hydrogel incorporates Chlorella extracts, enhancing its antimicrobial properties to prevent wound infections and promote healing. One of the key findings of our research is the dual functionality of Chlorella extracts; they not only expedite the healing process of infected wounds but also increase the hydrogel's ability to stimulate an antitumor immune response. Given the patient-specific nature of the blood clot and NVs, our hydrogel system offers customizable solutions for individual postoperative requirements. This personalized approach is highlighted by our study, which demonstrates the synergistic impact of the composite hydrogel on preventing melanoma recurrence and hastening wound healing, potentially transforming postsurgical melanoma management., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To investigate the protective effects of stir-fried Semen Armeniacae Amarum (SAA) against aristolochic acid I (AAI)-induced nephrotoxicity and DNA adducts and elucidate the underlying mechanism involved for ensuring the safe use of Asari Radix et Rhizoma., Methods: In vitro, HEK293T cells overexpressing Flag-tagged multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (MRP3) were constructed by Lentiviral transduction, and inhibitory effect of top 10 common pairs of medicinal herbs with Asari Radix et Rhizoma in clinic on MRP3 activity was verified using a self-constructed fluorescence screening system. The mRNA, protein expressions, and enzyme activity levels of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) and cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) were measured in differentiated HepaRG cells. Hepatocyte toxicity after inhibition of AAI metabolite transport was detected using cell counting kit-8 assay. In vivo, C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups according to a random number table, including: control (1% sodium bicarbonate), AAI (10 mg/kg), stir-fried SAA (1.75 g/kg) and AAI + stir-fried SAA (1.75 and 8.75 g/kg) groups, 6 mice in each group. After 7 days of continuous gavage administration, liver and kidney damages were assessed, and the protein expressions and enzyme activity of liver metabolic enzymes NQO1 and CYP1A2 were determined simultaneously., Results: In vivo, combination of 1.75 g/kg SAA and 10 mg/kg AAI suppressed AAI-induced nephrotoxicity and reduced dA-ALI formation by 26.7%, and these detoxification effects in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). Mechanistically, SAA inhibited MRP3 transport in vitro, downregulated NQO1 expression in vivo, increased CYP1A2 expression and enzymatic activity in vitro and in vivo, respectively (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Notably, SAA also reduced AAI-induced hepatotoxicity throughout the detoxification process, as indicated by a 41.3% reduction in the number of liver adducts (P<0.01)., Conclusions: Stir-fried SAA is a novel drug candidate for the suppression of AAI-induced liver and kidney damages. The protective mechanism may be closely related to the regulation of transporters and metabolic enzymes., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest. The authors declare no conflicts of interest. During the preparation of this work, we used [BioRender] to construct Figures 1 and 2A. Publication and licencing rights were obtained. The authors take full responsibility for the contents of this study., (© 2024. The Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Press and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Yeast strains have been widely recognized as useful cell factories for biomanufacturing. To improve production efficiency, their biosynthetic pathways and regulatory strategies have been continuously optimized. However, commercial production using yeasts is still limited by low product yield and high production cost. Accumulating evidences have demonstrated the importance of metabolite transport processes in addressing these challenges. Engineering yeast membrane transporters for transporting precursors, substrates, intermediates, products and toxic inhibitors has been successful. In addition, membrane properties are also important for metabolite production. Here we propose membrane transport engineering (MTE) to integrate manipulation of both membrane transporters and membrane properties. We emphasize that systematic optimization of both transporters and membrane lipid bilayers benefits production efficiency. We also envision the potential of artificial intelligence and automation process in MTE for economic and sustainable bioproduction using yeast cell factories., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

We report the rapid synthesis of primary amides by directly using commercially available ammonia borane (NH 3 ·BH 3 ), sodium hexamethyldisilazide (NaHMDS), and esters. The success of this protocol relies on NH 3 ·BH 3 as the nitrogen source being considerably more convenient and NaHMDS being an excellent proton abstractor but not participating in the nucleophilic addition reaction. The reaction had a wide substrate scope containing bioactive molecules, and most of the substrates were efficiently amidated over 90% yields.

Background: The evidence on the relationship of dietary antioxidant nutrients with the survival of ovarian cancer (OC) remains scarce., Objective: This study aimed to investigate these associations in a prospective cohort of Chinese patients with OC., Methods: In this prospective cohort study, patients with epithelial OC completed a food frequency questionnaire at diagnosis and 12 months post-diagnosis, and were followed from 2015 to 2023. Dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) were calculated based on specific antioxidant nutrients. We examined the associations of pre-diagnosis, post-diagnosis, and changes from pre-diagnosis to post-diagnosis in TAC, CDAI, and representative antioxidant nutrients with overall survival (OS) among patients with OC. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazards models were applied to calculate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Dose-response relationships were evaluated by restricted cubic splines., Results: Among the total 560 patients with OC, there were 211 (37.68%) deaths during a median follow-up of 44.40 (interquartile range: 26.97-61.37) months. High pre-diagnosis TAC (HR = 0.58; 95% CI 0.38-0.8) and vitamin C intake (HR T3 vs. T1  = 0.36; 95% CI 0.21-0.61), and post-diagnosis TAC (HR = 0.57; 95% CI 0.37-0.8), CDAI (HR = 0.57; 95% CI 0.33-0.9), and β-carotene intake (HR T3 vs. T1  = 0.55; 95% CI 0.32-0.97) were significantly associated with improved OS. Compared to patients with constantly low pre- and post-diagnosis TAC and CDAI, those with consistently higher TAC (HR Medium-Medium vs. Low-Low  = 0.53; 95% CI 0.29-0.97; HR High-High vs. Low-Low  = 0.40; 95% CI 0.16-0.94) and CDAI (HR High-High vs. Low-Low  = 0.33; 95% CI 0.12-0.88) experienced better OS., Conclusion: High pre- and post-diagnosis TAC, and post-diagnosis CDAI were associated with improved OC survival, suggesting that consistent high-intake of antioxidant-rich food may be beneficial for the prognosis of OC., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The OOPS was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University (2015PS38K). All participants signed informed. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Blossom of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara Engl. (CAVA) has been popularly consumed as folk medicine and dietary supplement owing to its various beneficial effects and especially anti-obesity potential. Our previous study predicted that eriodictyol was probably one of the key active compounds of the total flavonoids from blossom of CAVA. However, effects of eriodictyol in anti-obesity were still elusive., Aim of the Study: This study was performed to explore the precise role of eriodictyol in white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and hepatic lipid metabolism, and simultaneously, to verify the impact of eriodictyol on the total flavonoids of CAVA in losing weight., Materials and Methods: The pancreas lipase assay was conducted and oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells were established to preliminarily detect the lipid-lowering potential of eriodictyol. Then, high fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model was established for in vivo studies. The biochemical indicators of mice were tested by commercial kits. The histopathological changes of WAT and liver in mice were tested by H&E staining, Oil Red O staining and Sirius Red staining. Immunohistochemical, Western blot assay, as well as RT-qPCR analysis were further performed. Additionally, molecular docking assay was used to simulate the binding of eriodictyol with potential target proteins., Results: In vitro studies showed that eriodictyol intervention potently inhibited pancreatic lipase activity and reversed hepatic steatosis in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells. Consistently, long-term medication of eriodictyol also effectively prevented obesity and improved lipid and glucose metabolism in diet-induced obesity mice. Obesity-induced histopathological changes in iWAT, eWAT and BAT, and abnormal expression levels of IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α in iWAT of DIO mice were also significantly reversed by eriodictyol treatment. Eriodictyol administration significantly and potently promoted browning of iWAT by increasing expression levels of thermogenic marker protein of UCP1, as well as brown adipocyte-specific genes of PGC-1α, SIRT1 and AMPKα1. Further assays revealed that eriodictyol enhanced mitochondrial function, as shown by an increase in compound IV activity and the expression of tricarboxylic acid cycle-related genes. Besides, eriodictyol addition markedly reversed hepatic damages and hepatic inflammation, and enhanced hepatic lipid metabolism in DIO mice, as evidenced by its regulation on p-ACC, CPT1-α, UCP1, PPARα, PGC-1α, SIRT1 and p-AMPKα expression. Molecular docking results further validated that AMPK/SIRT1 pathway was probably the underlying mechanisms by which eriodictyol acted., Conclusion: Eriodictyol exhibited significant anti-obesity effect, which was comparable to that of the total flavonoids from blossom of CAVA. These findings furnished theoretical basis for the application of eriodictyol in weight loss., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Mango bacterial black spot is a major disease limiting mango production, which is now causing increasingly severe economic losses. In this study, we analyzed the differences in the composition and structure of bacterial and fungal communities in the pulp and leaves between the healthy mangoes of variety Kate and those affected by bacterial black spot, and attempted to explore potential biocontrol microorganisms for mangoes. The results showed there existed significant differences in microbial communities, the bacterial Stenotrophomonas, Curtobacterium, Massilia and fungous Penicillium, Alternaria, Aureobasidiu showed great abundance both in pulps and leaves. Some potential pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, and Burkholderia, were also significantly enriched in the infected groups. In both the infected and healthy groups, the overall community structure of endophytic bacteria and fungi within the same organs was more similar, indicating that the composition of endophytes is organ-specific. After infection, the abundance of the potential probiotic bacterium class Paenibacillus was significantly increased both in leaves and pulp, suggesting that the pathogen invasion stimulated the defense systems of endophytes. Presumably, these Paenibacillus might be developed as defense bacteria for black spot as well as other plant diseases., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Carnosine, a natural bioactive dipeptide derived from meat muscle, possesses strong antioxidant properties. Dexamethasone, widely employed for treating various inflammatory diseases, raises concerns regarding its detrimental effects on bone health. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of carnosine against dexamethasone-induced oxidative stress and bone impairment, along with its underlying mechanisms, utilizing chick embryos and a zebrafish model in vivo, as well as MC3T3-E1 cells in vitro., Results: Our findings revealed that carnosine effectively mitigated bone injury in dexamethasone-exposed chick embryos, accompanied by reduced oxidative stress. Further investigation demonstrated that carnosine alleviated impaired osteoblastic differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells and zebrafish by suppressing the excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). Moreover, mechanistic studies elucidated that carnosine promoted the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), thereby facilitating the transcription of its downstream antioxidant response elements, including heme oxyense-1 (HO-1), glutamate cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM), and glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic (GCLC) to counteract dexamethasone-induced oxidative stress., Conclusion: Overall, this study underscores the potential therapeutic efficacy of carnosine in mitigating oxidative stress and bone damage induced by dexamethasone exposure, shedding light on its underlying mechanism of action by activating the NRF2 signaling pathway. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.)

Background: Although evidence suggests that perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are positively correlated to several disease risks, no studies have proven if plasma PFASs are related to ovarian cancer survival., Objective: To explore the association between plasma PFASs and high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) overall survival (OS) in the population who did not smoke., Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study within the Ovarian Cancer Follow-Up Study, matching 159 dead patients and 159 survival ones based on body mass index, sample date, and age at diagnosis. Nine plasma PFASs were extracted by solid phase extraction and measured using a liquid chromatography system coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Baseline plasma concentrations of perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) [perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA)] and perfluorinated sulfonic acids (PFSAs) [perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS)] were calculated. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated via conditional logistic regression models. To elucidate the combined effects, Bayesian kernel machine (BKMR), and regression quantile g-computation (QGC) models were utilized., Result: In full-adjusted model, significant differences were observed between HGSOC survival and perfluorobutane sulfonic acid, PFHpA, PFHxS, PFOS, PFCA, and PFSA. ORs and 95 %CIs were 2.74 (1.41-5.31), 1.97 (1.03-3.76), 2.13 (1.15-3.95), 2.28 (1.16-4.47), 3.74 (1.78-7.85), and 2.56 (1.31-5.01), respectively for the highest tertile compared with the lowest tertile. The QGC and BKMR models indicated that elevated concentrations of PFAS mixtures were associated with poor OS in HGSOC., Conclusions: Both individual and mixed plasma PFASs may relate to poor OS of HGSOC. Further research is necessary to establish causality, and it is recommended to reinforce environmental risk mitigation strategies to minimize PFAS exposure., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Levilactobacillus brevis YT108, identified for its ability to metabolize prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS), emerges as a candidate for probiotic use in synbiotic food formulations. This study aimed to investigate the metabolic and genomic traits associated with XOS metabolism in YT108 and to assess its probiotic attributes through whole genome sequencing and in vitro assays. Strain YT108 exhibited robust growth kinetics on XOS as the sole carbon source, with a growth profile comparable to that on glucose, achieving a pH reduction to 4.68 and an OD600 nm of 1.603 after 48 h. Three key gene clusters (xylCDEPFRT, xylHTG, and xylABT) and key enzymes (1,4-β-xylosidase) were identified as potentially involved in XOS metabolism. In vitro assays confirmed the strain's remarkable physiological properties including tolerance to acid, bile, heat and NaCl, as well as resistance to simulated gastrointestinal juices and antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, strain YT108 was sensitive to five commonly used antibiotics and lacked transferable resistance genes. Taken together, these results highlight the potential of L. brevis YT108 as a probiotic candidate with beneficial traits for XOS utilization, suggesting its promising application in the formulation of next-generation synbiotic products., (© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Applied Microbiology International.)

Background: Evolving evidence suggests both protein consumption and particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometers (PM 2.5 ) might be related to ovarian cancer (OC) mortality. However, no epidemiological studies have explored their potential interaction., Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the association of dietary protein, PM 2.5 , and their interaction with the survival of OC patients., Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out, which encompassed 658 newly diagnosed OC patients (18-79 years) residing in China. Dietary protein intakes were collected through a food frequency questionnaire examination, including total protein and protein from diverse sources. Average residential PM 2.5 concentrations were evaluated using satellite-derived models. We calculated the hazard ratio (HR) and its 95 % confidence interval (CI) by adjusting for multiple variables using Cox proportional risk models. By assessing the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) arising from the interplay between PM 2.5 exposure and dietary protein intake, we explored the additive interaction between the two. Multiplicative interaction was assessed through a cross-product interaction term., Results: During a median follow-up of 37.60 months, 123 deaths were documented. As for all-cause mortality, the multivariate-adjusted HRs (95 % CIs) in the highest vs. the lowest tertile were 0.57 (0.35-0.93), 0.60 (0.36-0.99), and 0.58 (0.37-0.90) for intakes of fish, egg, as well as fruit/vegetable protein, respectively (all P for trend < 0.05). A positive association between PM 2.5 exposure and all-cause mortality was observed (HR=1.52; 95 % CI: 1.13-2.05, per interquartile range increment). Notably, dietary fish, egg, and fruit/vegetable protein modified these associations, as patients with lower intakes had significantly higher PM 2.5 -related mortality in the cohort (all P for interaction < 0.05)., Conclusions: This study provides evidence linking the potential interactions between dietary fish, egg, and fruit/vegetable protein intake and PM 2.5 exposure on all-cause mortality of OC patients. Our study demonstrates the importance of adherence to a certain protein diet in reducing PM 2.5 -related mortality risk for OC patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Light-driven bioethanol dehydration offers attractive outlooks for the sustainable production of ethylene. Herein, a surface-hydrogenated CrMnO x is coupled with GaN nanowires (GaN@CMO-H) for light-driven ethanol dehydration to ethylene. Through combined experimental and computational investigations, a surface hydrogen-replenishment mechanism is proposed to disclose the ethanol dehydration pathway over GaN@CMO-H. Moreover, the surface-hydrogenated GaN@CMO-H can significantly lower the reaction energy barrier of the C 2 H 5 OH-to-C 2 H 4 conversion by switching the rate-determining reaction step compared to both GaN and GaN@CMO. Consequently, the surface-hydrogenated GaN@CMO-H illustrates a considerable ethylene production activity of 1.78 mol·g cat -1 ·h -1 with a high turnover number of 94,769 mole ethylene per mole CrMnO x . This work illustrates a new route for sustainable ethylene production with the only use of bioethanol and sunlight beyond fossil fuels., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests, (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Background: Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GPD1) gene defect can cause hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), which usually occurs in infants. The gene defect has rarely been reported in adult HTG patients. In the present study, we described the clinical and functional analyses of a novel GPD1 missense variant in a Chinese adult patient with recurrent hypertriglyceridemia‑related acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP), consuming a high-fat diet and smoking heavily., Methods: Exome sequencing was used to analyze the DNA of the adult patient's blood sample. It was found that there was a new variant of GPD1 gene-p.K327N, which was verified by gold standard-sanger sequencing method. In vitro, the corresponding plasmid was constructed and transfected into human renal HEK-293T cells, and GPD1 protein levels were detected. A biogenic analysis was performed to study the population frequency, conservation, and electric potential diagram of the new variant p.K327N. Finally, the previously reported GPD1 variants were sorted and their phenotypic relationships were compared., Results: A novel heterozygous variant of GPD1, p.K327N (c.981G > C), was found in the proband. Furthermore, the patient's daughter carried this variant, whereas his wife did not carry the variant. The proband with obesity suffered eight episodes of HTG-AP from the age of 36 years, and each onset of AP was correlated to high-fat diet consumption and heavy smoking. In vitro, this variant exerted a relatively mild effect on GPD1 functions, which were associated with its effect upon secretion (~ 25% of secretion decreased compared with that of the wild-type); thus, eventually impairing protein synthesis. Additionally, 36 patients with GPD1 variants found in previous studies showed significant transient HTG in infancy. The proband carrying the GDP1 variant was the first reported adult with recurrent HTG-AP., Conclusion: We identified a novel GPD1 variant, p.K327N, in a Chinese adult male patient with recurrent HTG-AP. The variant probably exerted a mild effect on GPD1 functions. The heterozygosity of this GPD1 variant, in addition to high-fat diet consumption and heavy smoking, probably triggered HTG-AP in the patient., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital (2021-370-02) and was conducted under the Declaration of Helsinki ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Informed consent was obtained from the children’s parents. All participants provided both written and verbal consent to be part of this study. Consent for publication: Written informed consent for publication of clinical details was obtained from the guardians of the patient. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Available evidence indicates that neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) can provide a protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and is involved in various cardioprotective interventions by potential regulation of mitophagy. However, the molecular mechanisms linking NRG-1 and mitophagy remain to be clarified. In this study, both an in vivo myocardial I/R injury model of rats and an in vitro hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model of H9C2 cardiomyocytes were applied to determine whether NRG-1 postconditioning attenuated myocardial I/R injury through the regulation of mitophagy and to explore the underlying mechanisms. In the in vivo experiment, cardioprotective effects of NRG-1 were determined by infarct size, cardiac enzyme and histopathologic examinations. The potential downstream signaling pathways and molecular targets of NRG-1 were screened by the RNA sequencing and the Protein-Protein Interaction Networks. The expression levels of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and mitophagy-related proteins in both the I/R myocardium and H/R cardiomyocytes were measured by immunofluorescence staining and Western blots. The activation of mitophagy was observed with transmission electron microscopy and JC-1 staining. The KEGG and GSEA analyses showed that the mitophagy-related signaling pathways were enriched in the I/R myocardium treated with NRG-1, and UCP2 exhibited a significant correlation between mitophagy and interaction with PINK1. Meanwhile, the treatment with mitophagy inhibitor Mdivi-1 significant eliminated the cardioprotective effects of NRG-1 postconditioning in vivo, and the challenge with UCP2 inhibitor genipin could also attenuate the activating effect of NRG-1 postconditioning on mitophagy. Consistently, the in vitro experiment using H9C2 cardiomyocytes showd that NRG-1 treatment significantly up-regulated the expression levels of UCP2 and mitophagy-related proteins, and activated the mitophagy, whereas the challenge with small interfering RNA-mediated UCP2 knockdown abolished the effects of NRG-1. Thus, it is conclused that NRG-1 postconditioning can produce a protection against the myocardial I/R injury by activating mitophagy through the UCP2/PINK1/LC3B signaling pathway., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have declared no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Cyclohexane (Cy), commonly produced by the catalytic hydrogenation of benzene (Bz), is used in large quantities as a solvent or feedstock for nylon polymers. Removing trace unreacted Bz from the Cy product is technically difficult due to their similar molecular structures and physical properties. Herein, we report that a metal-organic framework (MOF) adsorbent shows a molecular sieving effect for Bz and Cy with record-high Bz/Cy adsorption selectivities (216, 723, and 1027) in their liquid mixtures (v/v = 1:1, 1:10, and 1:20), and traps Bz molecules effectively even at low partial pressure in the vapor phase (e.g., 2.49 mmol/g at 8.2 Pa) or at low content in liquid-phase Cy (e.g., 128 mg/g at 20 ppm). Over 99% removal of trace Bz (1000 ppm) from liquid Cy could be achieved in one simple stripping step at room temperature using this sorbent, producing a Cy with >99.999% purity. Single-crystal structure analyses for guest-free and Bz-loaded phases of the MOF disclosed that a narrow slit-like pore aperture and the strong uniting of multiple weak host-guest and guest-guest interactions are the co-origin of its distinct adsorption property for Bz and Cy.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of domestic and imported sugammadex for reversal of rocuronium-induced deep neuromuscular block (NMB) in adult patients. Methods: The clinical data of adult patients who scheduled for elective surgery with general anesthesia that required muscle relaxants in Peking University First Hospital from June 2023 to June 2024 were prospectively included. The patients were devided into domestic group and imported group according to random number table method. Anesthetized patients received rocuronium for intubation and muscle relaxation, and anesthesia was maintained with propofol, sevoflurane, and remifentanil. The effect of neuromuscular block was monitored. During deep muscle relaxation (with a single stimulation muscle twitch count of 1-2 after tetanic stimulation), domestic and imported sugammadex 4 mg/kg was given, respectively. The primary outcome was the recovery time from sugammadex injection to return of the train-of-four ratio (TOFr) to 0.9, with a non-inferiority margin of 1 minute (the range of non-inferiority boundary value is ±1 minute). The secondary outcome included the ratios of TOFr to 0.9 at different times and adverse effects. Results: A total of 70 patients were included, including 35 patients in the domestic group (13 males and 22 females), aged (46.9±12.7) years, and 35 patients in the imported group (13 males and 22 females), aged (45.7±11.5) years. There was no statistically significant difference in demographic characteristics, surgical time, anesthesia time, total rocuronium dose, and extubation time between two groups. All patients recovered to a TOFr of 0.9 within 5 minutes. Reversal time was 1.8 (1.3, 2.6) minutes in the domestic sugammadex group and 2.0 (1.7, 2.9) minutes in the imported sugammadex group respectively. The difference in reversal times between two groups was -0.40 minutes (95% CI :-0.75 to -0.02, P =0.039), which was within the range of non-inferiority threshold. Within 5 minutes of administration of antagonists, the incidence of bradycardia was 14% (5/35 and 5/35) in both domestic and imported groups. The incidence of skin allergy in patients transported to the post-anesthesia recovery room (PACU) was 3% (3/35) and 0 in both groups, respectively, with no statistical significance (all P >0.05). There were no serious drug-related adverse events in both groups. Conclusion: The effect of domestic sugammadex is not inferior to imported sugammadex in reversal of deep rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block in adult patients, and the incidence of postoperative adverse events is not increased.

With the development of the nuclear industry, the risk of elements that are difficult to degrade in nuclear fission has been gradually increasing. Therefore, the efficient capture of iodine (I 2 ) has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The aluminum cluster-based metal framework materials show great advantage in iodine adsorption due to the designable pore sizes, excellent physicochemical stability, and cheap raw materials. Herein, two cases of aluminum cluster-based heterometal framework materials, [Al 10 Cu I 2 I 2 (CH 3 O) 20 (INA) 10 ] n ( 1 ) and [Al 3 Cu I 0.5 Cu II 0.25 (INA) 3 (CH 3 O) 6 ·Cl 0.75 ] n ( 2 ), were assembled by isonicotinic acid (HINA), aluminum isopropoxide, and CuI. Their structures feature ringy Al 10 and Al 12 clusters as the secondary building units (SBUs) and Cu/CuI-pyridine as the linkers. Moreover, they can capture iodine from cyclohexane solution with high elimination rates and uptake amounts (93%, 0.772 g/g for 1 ; 98%, 0.810 g/g for 2 ). The better I 2 adsorption performance for 2 may be ascribed to its larger pore volume than that of compound 1 .

Context: DNAN/DNB cocrystals, as a newly developed type of energetic material, possess superior safety and thermal stability, making them a suitable alternative to traditional melt-cast explosives. Nonetheless, an exploration of the thermal degradation dynamics of the said cocrystal composite has heretofore remained uncharted. Consequently, we engaged the ReaxFF/lg force field modality to delve into the thermal dissociation processes of the DNAN/DNB cocrystal assembly across a spectrum of temperatures, encompassing 2500, 2750, 3000, 3250, and 3500 K. We analyzed the evolution of species, preliminary disintegration processes, and fluctuations in the quantification of terminal outcomes were examined. The findings suggest that 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN) undergoes a thorough phase of disassembly within a timespan of 218 ps, while 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB) completely decomposed within 228 ps, demonstrating that DNAN has lower thermal stability than DNB, but with no significant difference. The thermal dissociation of DNAN/DNB cocrystals at elevated temperatures reveals a triad of potential reaction sequences. Primordially, the denitration of DNAN transpires, succeeded by the denitration of DNB, culminating in the nitro-isomerization of the latter. This sequence implies that the nitro moieties within DNB possess inferior thermal resilience compared to their counterparts within the DNAN cocrystal matrix. An examination of the six resultant end products suggests a predominance of H2O, NO2, and H2 in comparison to the other byproducts, which may be indicative of the pyrolytic transformations occurring during the disassembly process., Methods: This study first constructed the supercell model of DNAN/DNB eutectic crystal using the Materials Studio software and optimized the geometric structure of the model through the conjugate gradient algorithm. Then, the Nosé-Hoover method was used for NPT-MD simulation to further relax the model. Subsequently, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out using the LAMMPS software and the ReaxFF/lg force field. Simulation parameters were set, and NPT ensemble molecular dynamics simulations were performed at different temperatures. The simulation results were analyzed to reveal the thermal decomposition mechanism of DNAN/DNB eutectic crystal., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval: This article does not present research with ethical considerations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)