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This study investigated the rapid onset of bronchodilation effect and compared lung function changes following budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort Turbuhaler®) inhalation in Chinese patients with moderate-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchial asthma.In this open-label, parallel-group clinical study, patients eligible for study were divided into COPD group (n=62, mean age 68.16±8.75 years) and asthma group (n=30, mean age 45.80±12.35 years). Lung function tests (include FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and IC) were performed at baseline (t=0 min time point, value before inhalation of budesonide/formoterol), and then eligible patients received two inhalations of budesonide/formoterol (160/4.5 μg). Lung function tests were reassessed at t=3, 10 and 30 min time point. The primary end-point was lung function change 3 min after drug inhalation, and the secondary end-points were comparison of the gas flow rate (ΔFEV1) and volume responses (ΔFVC, ΔIC) between COPD and asthma patients after inhalation of budesonide/formoterol.Compared with the baseline, all patients significantly improved their lung function (included FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and IC) at 3 min (P0.05). Greater bronchodilation efficacy was found in the asthma group compared with the COPD group (P0.05). In the asthmatic patients, the curves of FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, IC, showed improvement with an ascending trend at all time points from 3 to 30 min. Whereas in the COPD patients, only the curves of FEV1, FVC, IC showed similar pattern. We found that ΔFVC was significantly higher than ΔFEV1 in both groups (P0.05), but no significant difference between ΔIC and ΔFEV1 (P0.05). Compared with COPD group, asthma group had higher level of ΔFEV1 and ΔIC (P0.05), but no significant difference for ΔFVC can be found.Budesonide/formoterol has a fast onset of bronchodilation effect in patients with moderate-severe COPD and asthma. Greater efficacy was found in the asthma group compared with the COPD group. The gas flow rate and volume responses in patients with COPD differ from those with asthma after inhalation of Budesonide/formoterol.

This paper presents a case study of a 10-story concrete frame structure designed according to the Chinese Code GB50010–2002. To reduce the potential of progressive collapse due to single column failure, progressive collapse analysis is carried out following the DoD2009 guidelines. It is observed that most of longitudinal beams in superstructure and floors above the failure column would collapse as the results of removing an exterior column, no beams and floors would collapse when an interior column at ground floor was removed, and only the beams in short span would collapse when an interior column at upper floor was removed. Adequate reinforcements in the beams of superstructure and adequate ties among floors, beams and columns can be used to avoid the progressive failure of structure, after failure of particular column.

Silt and fine sand taken from Huanyuankou Yellow River in Zhengzhou and pure water was chosen as three kinds of typical underlying materials, volatile behavior of BETX were studied on these. The study include volatilization dynamic curves of BTEX compounds and mixture and the optimized simulation formulas for them on the base of volatilization kinetics model. The results indicate that, on the same underlying materials, volatility speed of BTEX compounds and mixture is different. On the three underlying materials, volatility speed was pure water, sand and soil in sequence. There existed linear relationships between volatility rate and evapor pressure. Volatile area of underlying surface and pore diffusion flux in the process of volatile are main influence factors for the benzene evaporation.

In order to protect groundwater resources, two types of soils were selected as experimental materials to investigate adsorption mechanism of BTEX series compounds on soils in this study. The laboratory testing programs were carried out by static adsorption experiments, therefore adsorption isotherms of BTEX series compounds on different soils were obtained. The results indicated that adsorption isotherms of BTEX grossly fitted to the Henry model. Both silt soil and coarse sand possessed rather strong adsorption capacity. Furthermore, due to the properties of different substances there were differences in adsorption capacity among the four BTEX series compounds selected, which is in the order benzene> toluene> ethylbenzene> xylene.

Using the Yunnan 1-m telescope fitted with a CCD we on 1988 January 23 and 24 observed a rapid brightening in the core of 3C 120 in the I and R bands. The mean brightening rate was faster than 0.7 mag d . Short, bright emission features appeared around the core in the early stage of the brightening. The I image on 24 seems to show a new southward protrusion from the core.

A new method for measuring the inner scale and structure constant of atmospheric turbulence is proposed and tested. It utilizes both phase and amplitude fluctuations of laser radiation propagating in the medium. The measured quantities are the intensity variance of a spherical wave and the transverse-displacement variance (wandering) of a narrow laser beam. The method is developed within the limits of geometrical optics. Experimental laboratory results are presented. Values of inner scale of a few millimetres are measured.

This paper proposes a digital intermediate frequency (D-IF) receiver for inter-vehicle communications. Bandpass sampling is employed to lower the sampling rate. Appropriate selection of sampling rate and equivalent digital IF frequency results in a simplified Digital down converter (DDC). Meanwhile, the simplified DDC makes the combination of DDC and the following low pass filter (LPF) possible. This combination reduces the complexity. Unique word (UW) correlation is used to perform frame detection and frequency offset estimation. Finally, a Turbo decoder is employed to provide enough coding gain for combating fading.

The hardness and ideal strength of P-carbon, i.e., a new carbon phase for the cold-compressed carbon with an orthogonal structure recently proposed and named as P-carbon, are investigated by means of first-principles calculations. The strength calculations reveal that the failure mode in P-carbon is dominated by the tensile type. The ideal tensile strength of P-carbon is calculated to be 76.7 GPa in the [001] direction, which is higher than that of the previously known most stable Z-carbon, of 71.4 GPa. Meanwhile, the theoretical Vickers hardness of P-carbon is estimated as 89 GPa, which is comparable with that of diamond. Especially, two types of bonds in P-carbon with hardness values of 114 GPa and 105 GPa are significantly stronger than those of diamond. The results provide insight into exploration of the ultra-hard P-carbon for potentially technological applications.

The Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) is a key component of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS). For this type of high intensity proton synchrotron, the chromaticity, space charge effects, and magnetic field tracking errors between the quadrupoles and the dipoles can induce beta function distortion and tune shift, and induce resonances. In this paper, the combined effects of chromaticity, magnetic field tracking errors and space charge on beam dynamics at CSNS/RCS are studied systemically. 3-D simulations with different magnetic field tracking errors are performed by using the code ORBIT, and the simulation results are compared with the case without tracking errors.

The amplitude and period of the first frequency increased, but the amplitude and period of the second frequency decreased. Two new frequencies (10.5011 and 2.0484 c/d) were found. The frequency (2.0484 c/d) might be an interaction term from which resonances can occur and then lead amplitude and period variations.