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105. Nano Porous Carbon Derived from Citrus Pomace for the Separation and Purification of PMFs in Citrus Processing Wastes

Author

Zhiqin Zhou, Chen Xin, Lulu Qiu, Li Zhenqing, and Yu Wang

Subjects
PMFs, General Chemical Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Biomass, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Nobiletin, Article, Nano porous, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, Desorption, citrus pomace, General Materials Science, Food science, 010401 analytical chemistry, Pomace, adsorption/desorption, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Porous carbon, citrus nanoporous carbon, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon
Abstract

The by-product of citrus juice processing is a huge source of bioactive compounds, especially polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) and fibers. In this study, a method for the separation and purification of PMFs from citrus pomace was established based on citrus nanoporous carbon (CNPC) enrichment. Different biomass porous carbons were synthesized, their adsorption/desorption characteristics were evaluated, and the CNPCs from the peel of Citrus tangerina Tanaka were found to be best for the enrichment of PMFs from the crude extracts of citrus pomace. Using this method, six PMF compounds including low-abundant PMFs in citrus fruits such as 5,6,7,4&prime, tetramethoxyflavone and 5-hydroxy-6,7,8,3&prime, 4&prime, pentamethoxyflavone can be simultaneously obtained, and the purities of these compounds were all higher than 95%, with the highest purity of nobiletin reaching 99.96%. Therefore, CNPCs have a great potential for the separation and purification of PMFs in citrus processing wastes, potentially improving the added value of citrus wastes. We also provide a method reference for disposing of citrus pomace in the future.

Published
2020

128. Deep Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Network Evolution, Response to Abiotic Stress, and Regulation of Fiber Development in Cotton

Author

Zhongli Zhou, Yangyang Wei, Kunbo Wang, Zhang Zhenmei, Dingsha Jin, Xinlei Guo, Fang Liu, Yanchao Xu, Xiaoyan Cai, Yuhong Wang, Xingxing Wang, Richard Odongo Magwanga, and Li Zhenqing

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, abiotic stress, fiber development, RNA-Seq, transcription analysis, Biology, Gossypium, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Catalysis, Article, Inorganic Chemistry, Transcriptome, lcsh:Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Stress, Physiological, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, ROS genes, Molecular Biology, Gene, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Spectroscopy, Phylogeny, Genetics, Abiotic stress, Gene Expression Profiling, Organic Chemistry, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Computer Science Applications, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, Synonymous substitution, Reactive Oxygen Species, Orthologous Gene, Genome, Plant, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important molecules in the plant, which are involved in many biological processes, including fiber development and adaptation to abiotic stress in cotton. We carried out transcription analysis to determine the evolution of the ROS genes and analyzed their expression levels in various tissues of cotton plant under abiotic stress conditions. There were 515, 260, and 261 genes of ROS network that were identified in Gossypium hirsutum (AD1 genome), G. arboreum (A genome), and G. raimondii (D genome), respectively. The ROS network genes were found to be distributed in all the cotton chromosomes, but with a tendency of aggregating on either the lower or upper arms of the chromosomes. Moreover, all the cotton ROS network genes were grouped into 17 families as per the phylogenetic tress analysis. A total of 243 gene pairs were orthologous in G. arboreum and G. raimondii. There were 240 gene pairs that were orthologous in G. arboreum, G. raimondii, and G. hirsutum. The synonymous substitution value (Ks) peaks of orthologous gene pairs between the At subgenome and the A progenitor genome (G. arboreum), D subgenome and D progenitor genome (G. raimondii) were 0.004 and 0.015, respectively. The Ks peaks of ROS network orthologous gene pairs between the two progenitor genomes (A and D genomes) and two subgenomes (At and Dt subgenome) were 0.045. The majority of Ka/Ks value of orthologous gene pairs between the A, D genomes and two subgenomes of TM-1 were lower than 1.0. RNA seq. analysis and RT-qPCR validation, showed that, CSD1,2,3,5,6, FSD1,2, MSD1,2, APX3,11, FRO5.6, and RBOH6 played a major role in fiber development while CSD1, APX1, APX2, MDAR1, GPX4-6-7, FER2, RBOH6, RBOH11, and FRO5 were integral for enhancing salt stress in cotton. ROS network-mediated signal pathway enhances the mechanism of fiber development and regulation of abiotic stress in Gossypium. This study will enhance the understanding of ROS network and form the basic foundation in exploring the mechanism of ROS network-involving the fiber development and regulation of abiotic stress in cotton.

Published
2019

140. Mineralogy and Chemistry of Sulfides from the Longqi and Duanqiao Hydrothermal Fields in the Southwest Indian Ridge

Author

Zhang, Baisong, Li, Zhenqing, Hou, Zengqian, Zhang, Weiyan, Xu, Bo, Zhang, Baisong, Li, Zhenqing, Hou, Zengqian, Zhang, Weiyan, and Xu, Bo

Abstract

Recent investigations found that hydrothermal activity and sulfide mineralization occurs along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). The Longqi and Duanqiao hydrothermal fields between 49° E and 53° E of the SWIR are two prospective mineralization areas discovered by Chinese scientists. With the aim to determine the mineralogical and chemical characteristics of sulfide minerals, we have conducted detailed studies for samples from the two areas using an optical microscope, X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and electron microprobe. The mineralization processes in the Longqi area are divided into three main stages: (1) the low‐medium‐temperature stage: colloform pyrite (Py I) + marcasite → euhedral pyrite (Py II), (2) the high‐temperature stage: isocubanite (±exsolved chalcopyrite) + pyrrhotite → coarse‐grained chalcopyrite (Ccp I), and (3) the medium–low‐temperature stage: sphalerite + fine‐grained chalcopyrite inclusions (Ccp II) → aggregates of anhedral pyrite (Py III) ± marcasite → Fe‐oxide (‐hydroxide) + amorphous silica. The mineralization processes in the Duanqiao area are divided into two main stages: (1) the medium–high‐temperature stage: subhedral and euhedral pyrite (Py I′) → coarse‐grained chalcopyrite (Ccp I′) and (2) the medium–low‐temperature stage: sphalerite → fine‐grained chalcopyrite (Ccp II′) + chalcopyrite inclusions (Ccp II′) → silica‐cemented pyrite (Py II′) + marcasite → Fe‐oxide + amorphous silica. We suggest that the fine‐grained chalcopyrite inclusions in sphalerite from Longqi and Duanqiao were formed by co‐precipitation and replacement mechanisms, respectively. Primary sphalerites from both fields are enriched in Fe (avg. 5.84 wt% for the Longqi field vs. avg. 3.69 wt% for the Duanqiao field), Co (avg. 185.56 ppm for the Longqi field vs. 160.53 ppm for the Duanqiao field), and Cd (avg. 1950 ppm for the Longqi field vs. avg. 525.26 ppm for the Duanqiao field). Cu contents in pyrite from the Duanqiao field (Py I′: avg. 849.23 p

Published
2018
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141. Salt stress responsiveness of a wild cotton species (Gossypium klotzschianum) based on transcriptomic analysis

Author

Yangyang Wei, Kunbo Wang, Fang Liu, Yanchao Xu, Li Zhenqing, Xingxing Wang, Zhang Zhenmei, Xiaoyan Cai, Zhongxu Lin, Pu Lu, Yuhong Wang, and Zhongli Zhou

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Leaves, Salinity, lcsh:Medicine, Gene Expression, Plant Science, Cotton, Gossypium, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Transcriptome, Redox Signaling, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cell Signaling, Plant Growth Regulators, Plant Resistance to Abiotic Stress, Gene expression, Plant Hormones, lcsh:Science, Flowering Plants, chemistry.chemical_classification, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Plant Biochemistry, Plant Anatomy, Plants, Signaling Cascades, RNA, Plant, Plant Physiology, Growth inhibition, Oxidation-Reduction, Research Article, Signal Transduction, Biosynthesis, Stress Signaling Cascade, 03 medical and health sciences, Stress, Physiological, Plant-Environment Interactions, Botany, Genetics, Plant Defenses, Reactive oxygen species, Sequence Analysis, RNA, Plant Ecology, lcsh:R, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Glutathione, Cell Biology, Plant Pathology, biology.organism_classification, Hormones, 030104 developmental biology, Ion homeostasis, chemistry, lcsh:Q, 010606 plant biology & botany, Transcription Factors
Abstract

Cotton is a pioneer of saline land crop, while salt stress still causes its growth inhibition and fiber production decrease. Phenotype identification showed better salt tolerance of a wild diploid cotton species Gossypium klotzschianum. To elucidate the salt-tolerant mechanisms in G. klotzschianum, we firstly detected the changes in hormones, H2O2 and glutathione (GSSH and GSH), then investigated the gene expression pattern of roots and leaves treated with 300 mM NaCl for 0, 3, 12, 48 h, and each time control by RNA-seq on the Illumina-Solexa platform. Physiological determination proved that the significant increase in hormone ABA at 48 h, while that in H2O2 was at 12 h, likewise, the GSH content decrease at 48 h and the GSSH content increase at 48 h, under salt stress. In total, 37,278 unigenes were identified from the transcriptome data, 8,312 and 6,732 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were discovered to be involved in salt stress tolerance in roots and leaves, respectively. Gene function annotation and expression analysis elucidated hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and salt overly sensitive (SOS) signal transduction related genes revealed the important roles of them in signal transmission, oxidation balance and ion homeostasis in response to salinity stress. This is a report which focuses on primary response to highly salty stress (upto 300 mM NaCl) in cotton using a wild diploid Gossypium species, broadening our understanding of the salt tolerance mechanism in cotton and laying a solid foundation of salt resistant for the genetic improvement of upland cotton with the resistance to salt stress.

Published
2017

142. Design and fabrication of portable continuous flow PCR microfluidic chip for DNA replication.

Author

Li, Zhenqing, Li, Yadong, Sekine, Shinichi, Xi, Heqi, Amano, Atsuo, Zhang, Dawei, and Yamaguchi, Yoshinori

Subjects
DNA replication, FINITE element method, POLYMERASE chain reaction, CHANNEL flow, LABS on a chip
Abstract

The reasons for restricting continuous flow polymerase chain reaction (CF-PCR) microfluidic chip from lab to application are that it is not portable and requires costly external precision pumps for sample injection. Herein, we employed water as the substitute for PCR solution, and investigated the effect of the cross-section, width-to-depth ratio, and the length ratio for three temperature zones of the micro channel on the thermal and flow distribution of fluid in micro tube by finite element analysis. Results show that the central velocity is uniform and stable velocity occupies the most if the cross-section is rectangular. The deviation between predefined temperature and theoretical temperature is slight and the fluid flux is the most if width-to-depth ratio is 1:1. It is suitable for the short DNA replication if the high temperature zone Wh is larger than the low temperature zone Wl, and vice versa. Then a portable CF-PCR microfluidic chip was fabricated and an automatic sample injection system was developed. As an application, we have successfully amplified the DNA of Treponema denticola in the chip within 8 min. Such a study may offer new insight into the design of CF-PCR microfluidic chip and promote it from lab-scale research to full-scale application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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148. Research on Opto-Thermal Response of Human Skin Irradiating by CW and Plused Laser Based on FEM Simulation

Author

丁海峰 Ding Haifeng, 黄梅珍 Huang Meizhen, 童雅星 Tong Yaxing, 谢树森 Xie Shusen, 龚玮 Gong Wei, and 李振庆 Li Zhenqing

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, law, Thermal, Optoelectronics, Human skin, business, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Finite element method, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention
Published
2008

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