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In order to obtain the Johnson-Cook（J-C） constitutive parameters that can exactly reflect the plastic flow behavior of the workpiece material under the coupling effect of high temperature, high strain rate and large deformation occurred in high-speed cutting, and make it to suitable for the high-speed cutting simulation. The J-C parameters of Ti-6 Al-4 V was optimized with using the response surface approximation and multi-objective optimization methods to apply it to high-speed cutting simulation. Results show that the optimized constitutive parameters could describe the plastic flow behavior of the workpiece material accurately in a wide range of cutting speeds, and the simulated chip morphologies and the average cutting forces are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Summary: Maize silk is a specialized type of stigma, covered with numerous papillae for pollen grain capture. However, the developmental process of stigmatic papillae and the underlying regulatory mechanisms have remained largely unknown.Here, we combined the cytological, genetic and molecular studies to demonstrate that three homologous genes ZmSPL10, ZmSPL14 and ZmSPL26 play a central role in promoting stigmatic papilla formation in maize.We show that their triple knockout mutants are nearly complete lack of stigmatic papilla, resulting in a severe reduction in kernel setting. Cellular examination reveals that stigmatic papilla is developed from a precursor cell, which is the smaller daughter cell resulting from asymmetric cell division of a silk epidermal cell. In situ hybridization shows that ZmSPL10, ZmSPL14 and their target genes SPI1, ZmPIN1b, ZmARF28 and ZmWOX3A are preferentially expressed in the precursor cells of stigmatic papillae. Moreover, ZmSPL10, ZmSPL14 and ZmSPL26 directly bind to the promoters of SPI1, ZmPIN1b, ZmARF28 and ZmWOX3A and promote their expression. Further, Zmwox3a knockout mutants display severe defects in stigmatic papilla formation and reduced seed setting.Collectively, our results demonstrate that ZmSPL10, ZmSPL14 and ZmSPL26 act together to promote stigmatic papilla development through regulating auxin signaling and ZmWOX3A expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism as a nontradable sector affects regional price indexes. However, the effect of tourism on urban housing prices has not been sufficiently studied. This study uses panel data for prefecture-level cities in China to empirically examine the effect of tourism development on urban housing prices. The findings indicate that tourism development can increase urban housing prices, and the effect mainly comes from domestic tourism. This conclusion is not only derived from the instrumental variable method considering endogenous problems but also verified by multiple robust methods including quantile regression. Meanwhile, the study innovatively identifies the mediating role of investment effect, income effect, and public service effect in the impact of tourism on urban housing prices. It further shows the heterogeneity of cities, with more significant effect of tourism on urban housing price in small- and medium-sized cities, noncentral cities, central and western cities, and nontourist cities. This study reveals the commonality and particularity of the impact of tourism development on urban housing price. It not only enriches the research on tourism economics from the perspectives of the relationship between tourism and real estate but also further enriches the relevant conclusions and theoretical mechanism of the impact of tourism on housing prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The objective of this investigation was to examine the impact of enzymatic hydrolysis of arabinoxylan (AX) on frozen dough quality under subfreezing conditions. The dough was subjected to freezing at −40 °C for 2 h and then stored at −9, −12, and −18 °C for 15 days. The water loss, freezable water content, water migration, and microstructure of the dough were measured. RESULTS: The dough containing 0.8% cellulase enzymatically hydrolyzed AX (CAX) required the shortest duration when traversing the maximum ice‐crystal formation zone (6.5 min). The dough with xylanase enzymatically hydrolyzed AX (XAX) demonstrated a faster freezing rate than the dough with CAX. The inclusion of both XAX and CAX in the dough resulted in the lowest freezable water loss and reduced freezable water content and free‐water content levels, whereas the inclusion of xylanase‐cellulase combined with enzymatically hydrolyzed AX resulted in higher free‐water content levels. The textural properties of the subfreezing temperature dough were not significantly different from the dough stored at −18 °C and sometimes even approached or surpassed the quality observed in the control group rather than the dough stored at −18 °C. In addition, the gluten network structure remains well preserved in XAX‐ and CAX‐containing doughs with minimal starch damage. CONCLUSION: The enzymatic hydrolysis of AX from wheat bran can be used as a useful additive to improve the quality of frozen dough. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nickel oxide (NiOX) has been established as a highly efficient and stable hole‐transporting layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, existing deposition methods for NiOX have been restricted by high‐vacuum processes and fail to address the energy level mismatch at the NiOX/perovskite interface, which has impeded the development of PSCs. Accordingly, we explored the application of NiOX as a hybrid HTL through a sol–gel process, where a NiOX film was pre‐doped with Ag ions, forming a p/p+ homojunction in the NiOX‐based inverted PSCs. This innovative approach offers two synergistic advantages, including the enlargement of the built‐in electric field for facilitating charge separation, optimizing energy level alignment, and charge transfer efficiency at the interface between the perovskite and HTL. Incorporating this hybrid HTL featuring the p/p+ homojunction in the inverted PSCs resulted in a high‐power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 19.25%, significantly narrowing the efficiency gap compared to traditional n‐i‐p devices. Furthermore, this innovative strategy for the HTL enhanced the environmental stability to 30 days, maintaining 90% of the initial efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadband photodetection, spanning from ultraviolet (UV) to infrared (IR), is pivotal in diverse technological domains including astronomy, remote sensing, environmental monitoring, and medical diagnostics. However, current commercially available broadband photodetectors, predominately based on conventional narrow-bandgap semiconductors, exhibit limited sensitivity in the UV region. This limitation, stemming from the significant energy disparity between the semiconductor bandgap and UV photon, narrows their application scope. Herein, we report an innovative approach involving the in-situ van der Waals (vdW) integration of two-dimensional (2D) GeSe2 layers onto a Si substrate. This process yields a high-quality GeSe2/Si vdW heterojunction device, which features a broad response range covering from UV to near-IR (NIR) with a greatly-enhanced sensitivity in the UV region. The device possesses high responsivities of 325 and 533.4 mA/W, large detectivities of 1.24 × 1013 and 2.57 × 1013 Jones, and fast response speeds of 20.6/82.1 and 17.7/81.0 µs under 360 and 980 nm, respectively. Notably, the broadband image sensing and secure invisible optical communication capabilities of the GeSe2/Si heterojunction device are demonstrated. Our work provides a viable approach for UV-enhanced broadband photodetection technology, opening up new possibilities and applications across various scientific and technological domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]