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An optical monitoring method is proposed for the rapid, non destructive measurements of chlorophyll concentration (Chl-a) in the surface sediments of emerged tidal flat, and it can be further applied in remote sensing work. Hyperspectral reflectance of intertidal sediments were measured in day time at the tidal flats of the Sishili Bay, the Northern Yellow Sea, and surface sediments (3 mm) were sampled for the in-door measurements of Chl-a. On the basis of the reflectance at 650, 675 and 700 nm, the indices of normalized difference index of microbenthos (NDI-MPB) and trough depth (T-depth) were proposed for the measurements of microphytobenthos biomass. T-depth can be used to remove the linear background spectral noises and indicate the existence of microphytobenthos; Good linear relationship was observed between NDI-MPB and Chl-a content in sediments (2.22-49.36 mg x m(-2), r > 0.99), which may be used to monitor the biomass of microphy to benthos.

Scale effect was one of the very important scientific problems of remote sensing. The scale effect of quantitative remote sensing can be used to study retrievals' relationship between different-resolution images, and its research became an effective way to confront the challenges, such as validation of quantitative remote sensing products et al. Traditional up-scaling methods cannot describe scale changing features of retrievals on entire series of scales; meanwhile, they are faced with serious parameters correction issues because of imaging parameters' variation of different sensors, such as geometrical correction, spectral correction, etc. Utilizing single sensor image, fractal methodology was utilized to solve these problems. Taking NDVI (computed by land surface radiance) as example and based on Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image, a scheme was proposed to model continuous scaling of retrievals. Then the experimental results indicated that: (a) For NDVI, scale effect existed, and it could be described by fractal model of continuous scaling; (2) The fractal method was suitable for validation of NDVI. All of these proved that fractal was an effective methodology of studying scaling of quantitative remote sensing.

Aim: To analyze the clinical features of traumatic annular ciliochoroidal detachment (CCD) with ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) images, to investigate the surgical outcomes of ciliary body suturing and the prognostic factors., Methods: Forty-two patients with traumatic annular CCD who had undergone ciliary body suturing were enrolled for complete ocular examinations, including visual acuity (VA), slitlamp microscopy, tonometer, indirect ophthalscopy and UBM. Comparisons of clinical features were performed among baseline and follow-ups, and the morphologic alterations on UBM images were analyzed between pre- and post-surgery., Results: The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 5.54mmHg, and the median VA was 0.1 in traumatic eyes at baseline. The pre-surgical morphological features on UBM images consisted of supraciliochoroidal effusion (33.33%), multilayer splits (40.48%) and CCD with cyclodialysis cleft (26.19%). After surgery, the median VA was 0.4 at the final follow-up. IOPs were significantly increased, which the mean final IOP was to 10.36mmHg (P<0.01). UBM images displayed complete reattachment in 40.48% of patients, partial reattachment in 50.00% of patients and 360-degree detachment in 9.52% of patients. Analyzing the prognostic factors, the significant factors were duration, VA at baseline, ocular laterality (P<0.01), gender, age and the presence of hypotonous maculopathy (P<0.05)., Conclusion: Ciliary body suturing is the optimized procedure for traumatic annular CCD. UBM is a useful equipment for diagnosis and monitoring post-surgical morphological changes. The periodical detection of IOP and UBM is necessary for the observation of surgical outcomes.

A heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrifier bacteria CPZ24 was isolated form the livestock wastewater by way of the limiting dilution combined with the chromogenic medium screening methods. This bacterium was Gram positive, rod. The colonies of the strain were orange-red.It was identified as Rhodococuus pyridinivorans according to its morphological and physiological properties and the analysis of its 16S rDNA gene. Studied on its function of heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification,the results show that all NH4+ -N is removed and the removal rate of TN is 98.70% in heterotrophic nitrification; the removal rate of NO3- -N by this strain is 66.74% and the removal rate of TN is 64.27%. This high effective microorganisms with nitrogen removed is able to realize simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. It can perform the whole process of bacteria denitrification independently.