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Reactions of the isomeric ligands Hpztza [Hpztza = 5-(2-pyrazinyl)tetrazole-2-acetic acid] and Hpmtza [Hpmtza = 5-(2-pyramidyl)tetrazole-2-acetic acid] with TbCl3 ·6H2O or DyCl3 ·6H2O under solvothermal conditions afforded four mononuclear complexes, [ Ln(pztza)2(H2O)6] ·pztza ·3H2O [ Ln = Tb ( 1), Dy ( 2)] and [ Ln(pmtza)2(H2O)6] ·Cl ·3H2O [ Ln = Tb ( 3), Dy ( 4)]. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that all structures are mononuclear. The four compounds are self-assembled to form three-dimensional networks by hydrogen bonds. The different positions of the nitrogen atom control the coordination mode of the ligands and further influence the crystal structures. Furthermore, the luminescence properties were also investigated at room temperature in the solid state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two genes coding for eukaryotic translation initiation factors, eIF4E.a and eIF4E.c, were isolated from twelve accessions of Chinese cabbage ( Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). Polymorphism analysis revealed that 94 and 142 polymorphic sites were characterized from allele of BraeIF4E.a and BraeIF4E.c which produced complex haplotype structures. Six novel haplotypes were characterized from the two alleles respectively. Among the six novel haplotypes of BraeIF4E.a, three loss-of-function mutations were identified in which a conserved single nucleotide deletion mutation cause the early termination of BraeIF4E.a coding product; while for six new BraeIF4E.c haplotypes, their coding product show amino acid substitution mutations on non-conservative amino acid residues which might affect TuMV infection in Chinese cabbage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Reactions of Hpytza (Hpytza=5-(2-pyridyl)tetrazole-2-acetic acid) with ZnCl2 or CdCl2 under hydrothermal conditions, produced two new compounds, [Zn(pytza)2(H2O)2] (1) and [CdCl(pytza)] n (2). Both compounds were structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 is mononuclear while compound 2 shows a two-dimensional network. Furthermore, the luminescence properties of 1 and 2 were investigated at room temperature in the solid state. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Reactions of Katza (atza− =5-aminotetrazole-1-acetato) or Ka4-ptz (a4-ptz− =5-[N-acetato(4-pyridyl)]tetrazole) with PbCl2in aqueous solution, produced two new Pb(II) compounds, [PbCl(atza)] n (1) and [PbCl(a4-ptz)] n (2). Both compounds were structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In 1 or 2, the Pb(II) centers are connected through the atza− or a4-ptz− bridging ligand to form a two-dimensional layered structure. The luminescence properties of 1 and 2 were investigated at room temperature in the solid state. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Tetrazole carboxylates are acknowledged as bifunctional ligands for the construction of new coordination architectures. Two new coordination compounds, [Ba(atzpa)2(H2O)3]n·2nH2O (1) and [Ba2(dtzpda)(H2O)]n (2) have been prepared by solvothermal reactions of BaCl2·2H2O with Hatzpa or H4dtzpda, respectively (Hatzpa = 5-aminotetrazole-1-propanoic acid, H4dtzpda = 3,3-di(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pentanedioic acid). The X-ray diffraction results reveal that compound 1 is a linear chain in which atzpa acts as a tridentate ligand to bridge adjacent Ba2+ ions in a µ1,1,3-COO mode. In contrast, compound 2 is a three-dimensional network where dtzpda4− acts as a dode-dentate ligand to bridge various Ba2+ ions. Furthermore, the luminescence of Hatzpa, H4dtzpda, compounds 1 and 2 in the solid state at room temperature were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungi associated with black point were isolated from three highly susceptible wheat genotypes in the North China Plain. The 21 isolates represented 11 fungal genera. The most prevalent genera were Alternaria (isolation frequency of 56.7%), Bipolaris (16.1%), and Fusarium (6.0%). The other eight genera were Curvularia, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Exserohilum, Epicoccum, Nigrospora, Penicillium, and Ulocladium; their isolation frequencies ranged from 0.8 to 4.8%. The pathogenicity of the isolates was individually assessed in the greenhouse by inoculating wheat plants with spore suspensions. Ten of the 21 isolates caused significantly higher incidences of black point than that the controls. These isolates belonged to eight fungal species (A. alternata, B. sorokiniana, B. crotonis, B. cynodontis, C. spicifera, F. equiseti, E. rostratum, and E. sorghinum) based on morphological traits and phylogenetic analysis. The average incidences of black point in the eight fungal species were 32.4, 54.3, 43.0, 41.9, 37.2, 38.8, 50.1, and 34.1%, respectively. B. sorokiniana and A. alternata were determined to be the most important pathogens in the North China Plain based on fungal prevalence and symptom severity. This study is the first to identify E. rostratum as a major pathogen causing black point in wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3,3-di(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pentanedioic acid (H 4 dtzpda) can display tunable valence when reacted with different metal ions because it has four acidic hydrogen atoms of both tetrazole rings and carboxylate groups. Solvothermal reactions of H 4 dtzpda with La(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O or La(NO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O/Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ·6H 2 O afforded a one dimensional [La(Hdtzpda)(H 2 O) 4 ]·4H 2 O ( 1 ) and a three dimensional [La 2 Cu(dtzpda) 2 (H 2 O) 10 ]·4H 2 O ( 2 ), respectively, where only three acidic hydrogen atoms of H 4 dtzpda are deprotonated in compound 1 while all the four acidic ones are deprotonated in compound 2 . In compound 1 , Hdtzpda 3- is a penta-dentate ligand to bridge La(III) centers via only oxygen atoms of the carboxylate group while in compound 2 , dtzpda 4- is a hepta-dentate one via not only the oxygen atoms of the carboxylate group but also the nitrogen atoms of the tetrazole rings. PEG -5000 (poly(ethyleneglycol -5000 )) coated compound 1 or 2 nanoparticles (NPs) have good dispersity in water. Cytotoxicity study on A549 cells (human caucasian lung carcinoma) shows that compound 2 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration, IC 50 ～18 μg/mL) is superior to compound 1 (IC 50 ～38 μg/mL). Furthermore, both NPs of the two compounds are able to inhibit the migration of A549 cells, indicating their potential to inhibit the transfer of tumors in vivo . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

pH is sometimes fundamental to the formation of coordination compounds. Here we report two new Zn(II)-tetrazole-carboxylate coordination compounds derived from Hatzipa, namely two dimensional [Zn(atzipa) 2 ] n ( 1 ) and [Zn(atzipa) 2 (H 2 O)(EtOH)] n ( 2 ), where Hatzipa = 5-aminotetrazole-1-isopropanoic acid. The structures of the two compounds are controlled by pH value of the reaction system. Compound 1 crystallizes in an achiral space group while 2 in a chiral space group P2(1)2(1)2. Furthermore, nanoparticles (NPs) of the two compounds can be obtained by co-precipitation with PEG -5000 (Polyethylene Glycol -5000 ). And [Zn(atzipa) 2 ] n ( 1 ) NPs with a relatively low IC 50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) on Hela cells of 23 μg/mL (6.1 μM) is superior to [Zn(atzipa) 2 (H 2 O)(EtOH)] n ( 2 ) NPs (58 μg/mL, 13.2 μM). Both NPs of the two compounds can inhibit the migration of Hela cells and compound 1NPs can be used as a cell imaging agent. The results show that pH influences the resulting structures and [Zn(atzipa) 2 ] n ( 1 ) NPs capable of inhibiting the growth of tumor in vitro may be a potential candidate against cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactions of Hpymtza (Hpymtza = 5-(2-pyrimidyl)tetrazole-2-acetic acid) with MCl 2 (M = Mg(II), Sr(II), Ba(II)), produced three new coordination compounds, [Mg(H 2 O) 6 ]·2pymtza·H 2 O ( 1 ), [Sr(pymtza) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ]·4H 2 O ( 2 ), [Ba(pymtza) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ]·H 2 O ( 3 ), These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 shows a mononuclear structure while 2 and 3 reveal 1-D structures via bridging pymtza as linker. Furthermore, the luminescent properties of 1 – 3 were investigated at room temperature in the solid state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six new complexes with 3-pytza ligand (3-pytza = 5-(3-pyridyl) tetrazole-2-acetato), [Sr(3-pytza) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] n · n H 2 O ( 1 ), [Zn(3-pytza) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] n ·2 n H 2 O ( 2 ), [Cu(3-pytza) 2 (H 2 O)] n ·2 n H 2 O ( 3 ), [Pb(3-pytza) 2 ] n ( 4 ), [Eu(3-pytza) 2 Cl(H 2 O) 2 ] n ( 5 ), [Tb(3-pytza) 2 Cl(H 2 O) 2 ] n ( 6 ) have been synthesized. These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The X-ray analysis reveals that these compounds display 1D or 2D structures. Furthermore, the luminescent properties of 1 – 6 were investigated at room temperature in the solid state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Five novel transition metal-based coordination complexes with edtza and (datza)2− ligands are reported. [•] Complexes 1–5 are described as binuclear structure and 2D frameworks with diverse architecture. [•] Five coordination complexes show emission at room temperature in the solid state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Three novel metal-organic frameworks, [Zn(btze)] n (1), [Zn(btze)(H2O)] n (2) and [Mn(btze)(H2O)4] n·(H2O)2 (3) [btze=1,2-bis(tetrazol-5-yl) ethane anion], were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and thermogravimetric analysis. The crystal structures study reveal that 1 displays a 3D framework, 2 displays a 2D layer structure and 3 displays a 1D polymeric chain. The luminescence properties of 1–3 were investigated at room temperature in solid state. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is particularly critical for pain information processing. Peripheral nerve injury triggers neuronal hyper-excitability in the ACC and mediates descending facilitation to the spinal dorsal horn. The mechanically gated ion channel Piezo1 is involved in the transmission of pain information in the peripheral nervous system. However, the pain-processing role of Piezo1 in the brain is unknown. In this work, we found that spared (sciatic) nerve injury (SNI) increased Piezo1 protein levels in inhibitory parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons (PV-INs) but not in glutaminergic CaMKⅡ + neurons, in the bilateral ACC. A reduction in the number of PV-INs but not in the number of CaMKⅡ + neurons and a significant reduction in inhibitory synaptic terminals was observed in the SNI chronic pain model. Further, observation of morphological changes in the microglia in the ACC showed their activated amoeba-like transformation, with a reduction in process length and an increase in cell body area. Combined with the encapsulation of Piezo1-positive neurons by Iba1 + microglia, the loss of PV-INs after SNI might result from phagocytosis by the microglia. In cellular experiments, administration of recombinant rat TNF-α (rrTNF) to the BV2 cell culture or ACC neuron primary culture elevated the protein levels of Piezo1 and NOD-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3). The administration of the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 in these cells blocked the rrTNF-induced expression of caspase-1 and interleukin-1β (key downstream factors of the activated NLRP3 inflammasome) in vitro and reversed the SNI-induced Piezo1 overexpression in the ACC and alleviated SNI-induced allodynia in vivo. These results suggest that NLRP3 may be the key factor in causing Piezo1 upregulation in SNI, promoting an imbalance between ACC excitation and inhibition by inducing the microglial phagocytosis of PV-INs and, thereby, facilitating spinal pain transmission.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of different molecular weights on the metabolic characteristics of blackberry polysaccharides (BBP). After degradation, three fractions, namely, BBP-8, BBP-16, and BBP-24, were obtained. During fermentation, all polysaccharide fractions were significantly degraded and utilized by the intestinal microbiota, and the lower-molecular-weight polysaccharides were easier to be fermented with higher gas production and carbohydrate consumption rates. Furthermore, the monosaccharide utilization sequence of all polysaccharides was glucose > galactose > arabinose > galacturonic acid. In addition, the lower-molecular-weight polysaccharides had a faster short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production rate but did not affect the final SCFA yields. The fermentation of BBP promoted the increase of Bacteroidetes and the decrease of Firmicutes . The proportions of Bacteroidetes in BBP, BBP-8, BBP-16, and BBP-24 were 45.41, 47.50, 48.08, and 50.09%, respectively.

The neuroimmune mechanism underlying neuropathic pain has been extensively studied. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a key pro-inflammatory cytokine that drives cytokine storm and stimulates a cascade of other cytokines in pain-related pathways, induces and modulates neuropathic pain by facilitating peripheral (primary afferents) and central (spinal cord) sensitization. Functionally, TNF-α controls the balance between cell survival and death by inducing an inflammatory response and two programmed cell death mechanisms (apoptosis and necroptosis). Necroptosis, a novel form of programmed cell death, is receiving increasing attraction and may trigger neuroinflammation to promote neuropathic pain. Chronic pain is often accompanied by adverse pain-associated emotional reactions and cognitive disorders. Overproduction of TNF-α in supraspinal structures such as the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and hippocampus plays an important role in pain-associated emotional disorders and memory deficits and also participates in the modulation of pain transduction. At present, studies reporting on the role of the TNF-α-necroptosis pathway in pain-related disorders are lacking. This review indicates the important research prospects of this pathway in pain modulation based on its role in anxiety, depression and memory deficits associated with other neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we have summarized studies related to the underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain mediated by TNF-α and discussed the role of the TNF-α-necroptosis pathway in detail, which may represent an avenue for future therapeutic intervention.

Background: Peripheral nerve inflammation or lesion can affect contralateral healthy structures, and thus result in mirror-image pain. Supraspinal structures play important roles in the occurrence of mirror pain. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a first-order cortical region that responds to painful stimuli. In the present study, we systematically investigate and compare the neuroimmune changes in the bilateral ACC region using unilateral- (spared nerve injury, SNI) and mirror-(L5 ventral root transection, L5-VRT) pain models, aiming to explore the potential supraspinal neuroimmune mechanism underlying the mirror-image pain., Methods: The up-and-down method with von Frey hairs was used to measure the mechanical allodynia. Viral injections for the designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADD) were used to modulate ACC glutamatergic neurons. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, western blotting, protein microarray were used to detect the regulation of inflammatory signaling., Results: Increased expressions of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and chemokine CX3CL1 in ACC induced by unilateral nerve injury were observed on the contralateral side in the SNI group but on the bilateral side in the L5-VRT group, representing a stronger immune response to L5-VRT surgery. In remote ACC, both SNI and L5-VRT induced robust bilateral increase in the protein level of Nav1.6 (SCN8A), a major voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) that regulates neuronal activity in the mammalian nervous system. However, the L5-VRT-induced Nav1.6 response occurred at PO 3d, earlier than the SNI-induced one, 7 days after surgery. Modulating ACC glutamatergic neurons via DREADD-Gq or DREADD-Gi greatly changed the ACC CX3CL1 levels and the mechanical paw withdrawal threshold. Neutralization of endogenous ACC CX3CL1 by contralateral anti-CX3CL1 antibody attenuated the induction and the maintenance of mechanical allodynia and eliminated the upregulation of CX3CL1, TNF-α and Nav1.6 protein levels in ACC induced by SNI. Furthermore, contralateral ACC anti-CX3CL1 also inhibited the expression of ipsilateral spinal c-Fos, Iba1, CD11b, TNF-α and IL-6., Conclusions: The descending facilitation function mediated by CX3CL1 and its downstream cascade may play a pivotal role, leading to enhanced pain sensitization and even mirror-image pain. Strategies that target chemokine-mediated ACC hyperexcitability may lead to novel therapies for the treatment of neuropathic pain., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Objective: To optimize the preparation parameters of the new silk birth-canal microecology transporter (BMT) for transferring the symbiotic bacteria of the birth canal efficiently., Methods: Birth canal microbial samples of 30 full term pregnant women at admission were collected as the control group (NC, n =30). The experimental group included 18 pregnant women terminated by Cesarean section, who were divided into 6 sub-groups （M1-M6, n =3) to complete the transfer tests of the birth-canal microecology. The new silk BMT was processed in the sterile liquid of the different osmotic pressure with the different immersion depth, and was placed in the vagina of the pregnant women for 1 h before sealed. All extracted DNA specimens were amplified in the V3-V4 region of the 16S rDNA, and were sequenced by Illumina Hiseq2500. Microbial diversity analysis was performed by Mothur, QIIME, Lefse and Metastat. Welch's t -test and Anosim nonparametric test were used to compare the difference between groups., Results: The new silk BMT with 70% immersion depth could be fully covered by the solution, and had good solution preserving and adhesion. The subjects had no foreign body sensation with satisfied experience. Both of the microbes on the new BMT and the control group were lactobacillus as the dominant bacteria genus. The microbial diversity and bacteria constitution in the new BMT was similar to the control group in the condition of 0.45% NaCl solution and 70% immersion depth, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P >0.05)., Conclusion: The new silk BMT can transfer the symbiotic microbes of the birth canal efficiently, and the optimal preparation parameters were 0.45% hypotonic saline solution and 70% immersion depth., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Science Edition).)

To examine the allocation of rice photosynthates and its response to the elevated CO 2 (800 μL·L -1 ) and N fertilization (100 mg·kg -1 ) at both tillering stage and booting stage in plant-soil system, rice was continually labelled with 13 CO 2 . The results showed that the rice root biomass at the tillering stage and the shoot biomass at the booting stage were significantly increased under elevated CO 2 . Elevated CO 2 increased the rice biomass and root-shoot ratio at tillering stage, but reduced it at booting stage. Under elevated CO 2 , N fertilization promoted shoot biomass during rice growth, but significantly decreased the root biomass at booting stage. Elevated CO 2 significantly increased the allocation of assimilated 13 C to the soil at the booting stage. N fertilization did not promote the elevated CO 2 -induced stimulation of assimilated 13 C allocated to the soil, and it even decreased the proportion of assimilated 13 C in the soil. In summary, elevated CO 2 increased the photosynthetic C allocation into soil and promoted the turnover of soil organic carbon in paddy soil. N fertilization enhanced rice shoot biomass but decreased the belowground allocation of photosynthetic C.

A suitable fractionation method of phosphorus (P) is a key to effective assessment of soil P componential features. Here a new biologically-based P (BBP) method was used to evaluate the P fractions in the upland and paddy soils across large-scale area in China. The soil P was divided into four components:① soluble or rhizosphere-intercepted (CaCl 2 -P), ② organic acid activated and inorganic weakly bound (Citrate-P), ③ enzyme mineralization of organic P (Enzyme-P), ④ potential activation of inorganic P (HCl-P). Then, the relationships between biologically-based P fractions and standard Olsen-P were investigated, and driving factors of P fractions were identified. The results showed that P content was in order of HCl-P>Citrate-P>Enzyme-P>CaCl 2 -P. All P components of upland soil displayed higher levels than those of paddy soil. Moreover, the P components were highly positively correlated with the Olsen-P, suggesting that each P component contributed to soil P availability. However, it was found that Olsen-P was most highly correlated with CaCl 2 -P and Enzyme-P ( R 2 =0.359; R 2 =0.386) in upland soil, while Olsen-P was most highly with Citrate-P ( R 2 =0.788) in paddy soil. This result indicated that available P of upland soil was mainly from organic P mineralization and soluble P, and available P in paddy soil was mainly from inorganic P activation. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the P components were mainly affected by soil pH and silt content, which suggested that it could enhance the P availability via regulating soil pH in the agricultural activities.

Objective: To investigate effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on angiogenesis in neonatal rats with hypoxia ischemia brain damage (HIBD), and explore the possible mechanism., Methods: Fifty-four of 10-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group (n = 6), hypoxia-ischemia brain damage group (n = 24) and ginsenoside Rg1 treatment group (n = 24). SD rats in HIBD group and Rg1 group were treated by separation and ligation of right common carotid artery (CCA) and subsequently exposed to hypoxia for 2.5 hours, and those in sham group were treated by only separation of right CCA, without ligation or exposure to hypoxia. Intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mL normal saline (NS) containing 40 mg/kg Rg1 was performed immediately after operation in Rg1 group, and such process was repeated every 24 h for 3 days. Intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 mL pure NS was performed in both HIBD group and sham group, in the same way as that of in Rg1 group. General state of SD rats after operation was monitored, 4, 8, 24 and 72 hours after HIBD, animals were executed and the right side of brain tissue was separated for further process. Protein expression of both hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by both Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemistry for von willebrand factor (vwf) was used to labeling micro vessels., Results: All rats survived to the end of the study and neurological dysfunction was observed in both HIBD group and Rgl group, but not in sham group. Expression of HIF-1alpha protein in HIBD group was increased at 4, 8, 24 and 72 h, compared to that in sham group (P < 0.05). Expression of HIF-1alpha protein in Rg1 group was increased compared to that in HIBD group at the same time points (P < 0.05). Expression of VEGF protein in HIBD group was increased at 4, 8, and 24 h, compared to that in sham group (P < 0.05). Expression of VEGF protein in Rg1 group was increased at 24 and 72 h compared to that in HIBD group at the same time point (P < 0.05). Number of vwf-positive cells at 24 and 72 h in HIBD group was increased compared to that in sham group (P < 0.05), and number of vwf-positive cells at 72 h in Rg1 group was increased compared to that in HIBD group at the same time point (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Rg1 could facilitate angiogenesis after HIBD in Neonatal rats by strengthening and stabilizing HIF-1alpha/VEGF signaling pathway.

Objective: To evaluate the expression of BRAF V600E mutation in 240 Chinese patients with thyroid lesions., Methods: Two hundred and forty Chinese patients with thyroid lesions, including 129 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), 12 follicular carcinomas, 4 medullary carcinomas, 30 adenomas, 30 nodular goiters, and 35 papillary hyperplasia. DNA was extracted from thyroid biopsy and paraffin embedded thyroid tissues, and the expression of BRAF V600E mutation was detected by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing assays., Results: The presence of BRAF V600E mutation was found in 61 of the total group of 240 cases (25.4%). It was only detected in PTC (47.3%), and not detected in other types of malignant and benign thyroid lesions. There was a statistically significant difference between the expression of BRAF V600E mutation in classic type PTC (49.6%) and in follicular type PTC (12.5%,P < 0.05), but statistical data did not show any correlation between BRAF V600E mutation and clinicopathologic parameters in PTC (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: BRAF V600E mutation has a significant correlation with PTC and the detection of BRAF V600E mutation may be used as an important prognostic marker of PTC. Our new method of DNA extraction from paraffin embedded tissues is efficient and inexpensive.

The Co(II) atom in bis(5-aminotetrazole-1-acetato)tetraaquacobalt(II), [Co(C3H4N5O2)2(H2O)4], (I), is octahedrally coordinated by six O atoms from two 5-aminotetrazole-1-acetate (atza) ligands and four water molecules. The molecule has a crystallographic centre of symmetry located at the Co(II) atom. The molecules of (I) are interlinked by hydrogen-bond interactions, forming a two-dimensional supramolecular network structure in the ac plane. The Cd(II) atom in catena-poly[[cadmium(II)]-bis(mu-5-aminotetrazole-1-acetato], [Cd(C3H4N5O2)2]n, (II), lies on a twofold axis and is coordinated by two N atoms and four O atoms from four atza ligands to form a distorted octahedral coordination environment. The Cd(II) centres are connected through tridentate atza bridging ligands to form a two-dimensional layered structure extending along the ab plane, which is further linked into a three-dimensional structure through hydrogen-bond interactions.

The Cd atom in bis[bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane]bis(isothiocyanato)cadmium(II), [Cd(NCS)2(C11H16N4)2], is octahedrally coordinated by four N atoms from two bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)methane (dmpzm) ligands and two isothiocyanate ligands. The molecule has a crystallographic center of symmetry located at the Cd atom. There are two intramolecular C-H...N interactions, each of which is formed between the methylene group of a dmpzm ligand and the N atom of an isothiocyanate ligand. On the other hand, in catena-poly[[di-mu-dicyanamidato-bis{[bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)methane]cadmium(II)}]-di-mu-dicyanamidato], [Cd2(C2N3)4(C11H16N4)2]n, each Cd atom is octahedrally coordinated by two N atoms from one dmpzm ligand and four N atoms from four bridging dicyanamide (dca) anions. Two Cd atoms are bridged by a pair of dca anions, forming a dimeric [Cd2(mu-dca)2(dmpzm)2] unit. Another two pairs of dca anions further link this unit with neighboring units to form a brick-wall layer parallel to (100). A C-H...N interaction between the methylene group of one dmpzm ligand in one layer and a coordinating N atom of a dca ligand in an adjacent layer completes a three-dimensional network.