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Background: In recent years, the scale of personnel training for clinical pharmacy professionals in China has expanded increasingly, however, the shortage of clinical pharmacists is still prominent. In 2018, the Ministry of Education of China released national standards for the teaching quality of undergraduate majors at regular colleges and universities, which has developed a core policy for undergraduate clinical pharmacy training. To explore the training methods for clinical pharmacy professionals in China and to promote the healthy and sustainable development of the clinical pharmacy education system. This study comparatively analyzed the training programs for clinical pharmacy undergraduates in China's ten universities, discussed training programs suitable for clinical pharmacy professionals in China., Methods: The clinical pharmacy education programs in these ten universities were obtained through official school websites or by interviewing relevant people, and then compared and analyzed., Results: The school with the largest number of courses and the most class hours in general courses is University A1 (34 courses, 1316 class hours), and the school with the most credits is University B1 (75.5 credits). The schools with the largest number of courses and the most class hours in the basic courses are University A1 (50 courses, 1997 class hours), and the schools with the most credits are University B3 and University B1 (105.5 credits). The schools with the largest number of courses in the core courses are University C1 (23 courses), and the school with the most credits and class hours is University B2 (51 credits, 914 class hours). The school with the most class hours in practical teaching is University B6 (1406 class hours), and the schools with the longest internship time are University A1 and University B6 (52 weeks)., Conclusions: There was substantial variation in programs. There remains a gap between the existing educational model and clinical training in pharmacy in China and developed countries. China should explore the most appropriate method for undergraduate education in clinical pharmacy based on studying foreign excellent educational models and the experience of China., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

A porous ZnCo 2 O 4 micro-rice like microstructure was synthesized via calcination of a Zn-Co MOF precursor at an appropriate temperature. The as-prepared ZnCo 2 O 4 sample presented good electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction performance with a small overpotential ( η 10 = 389 mV) and high stability in basic electrolyte. Furthermore, in basic medium, the as-synthesized ZnCo 2 O 4 micro-rice also showed good electrocatalytic activity for glucose oxidation. A ZnCo 2 O 4 micro-rice modified glass carbon electrode may be used as a potential non-enzymatic glucose sensor. The excellent electrocatalytic OER and glucose oxidation performances of ZnCo 2 O 4 might be attributed to the unique porous structure formed by the nanoparticles. The porous architecture of the micro-rice can provide a large number of electrocatalytically active sites and high electrochemical surface area (ECSA). The result may offer a new way to prepare low-cost and high performance oxygen evolution reaction and glucose oxidation electrocatalysts., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

The management of inoperable lung cancer remains a challenge. It has been proven that computed tomography (CT)-guided iodine-125 ( 125 I) seed implantation is a safe and efficient method for treating lung cancer. Computed tomographic fluoroscopy (CTF) is superior to traditional CT for percutaneous management of lung lesions, due to the real-time guidance and accurate localization of the lesions. The aim of the present prospective study was to evaluate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of CTF-guided percutaneous permanent implantation of 125 I seeds for the treatment of selected patients with inoperable stage T1-3N0M0 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A total of 24 patients with resectable but inoperable stage T1-3N0 NSCLC, with a total of 28 lesions, underwent CTF-guided percutaneous implantation of radioactive 125 I seeds. A prescription dose of 100-120 Gy was delivered to each lesion. The complications and local tumor control rates were documented. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. All the patients successfully completed the procedure, with a mean procedure duration of 45.7 min (range, 30-75 min). No severe complications occurred. Small asymptomatic pneumothorax with lung volume compression of <10% and minor hemorrhage along the needle track without hemoptysis occurred immediately after the procedure in 3 (12.5%) and 4 (16.7%) of the 24 patients, respectively. At a median follow-up of 31.5 months (range, 8-46 months), the local control rate (LCR) of the lesions was 78.6% (22/28). The 1-, 2- and 3-year overall survival rate was 95.8, 78 and 55%, respectively. In conclusion, CTF is the favourable imaging guidance method for the percutaneous implantation of 125 I seeds. CTF-guided brachytherapy with implantation of 125 I seeds is a safe, feasible and effective modality for the treatment of inoperable early-stage NSCLC and may be considered an alternative option in selected patients with medically inoperable NSCLC.