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Qiongdongnan Basin has a tectonic geological background of high temperature and high pressure in a deep reservoir setting, with mantle‐derived CO2. A water‐rock reaction device was used under high temperature and high pressure conditions, in conjunction with scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, to carry out an experimental study of the diagenetic reaction between sandstone at depth and CO2‐rich fluid, which is of great significance for revealing the dissolution of deep clastic rock reservoirs and the developmental mechanism of secondary pores, promoting deep oil and gas exploration. In this study, the experimental scheme of the water‐rock reaction system was designed according to the parameters of the diagenetic background of the deep sandstone reservoir in the Qiongdongnan Basin. Three groups of single mineral samples were prepared in this experiment, including K‐feldspar samples, albite samples and calcite samples. Using CO2 as a reaction solution, a series of diagenetic reaction simulation experiments were carried out in a semi‐closed high temperature and high pressure simulation system. A field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the microscopic appearance of the mineral samples after the water‐rock reaction, the characteristics of dissolution under high temperature and high pressure, as well as the development of secondary pores. The experimental results showed that the CO2‐rich fluid has an obvious dissolution effect on K‐feldspar, albite and calcite under high temperature and high pressure. For the three minerals, the main temperature and pressure window for dissolution ranged from 150°C to 300°C and 45 MPa to 60 MPa. Scanning electron microscope observations revealed that the dissolution effect of K‐feldspar is most obvious under conditions of 150°C and 45 MPa, in contrast to conditions of 200°C and 50 MPa for albite and calcite. Through the comparative analysis of experimental conditions and procedures, a coupling effect occurred between the temperature and pressure change and the dissolution strength of K‐feldspar, albite and calcite. Under high temperature and high pressure, pressure changed the solubility of CO2, furthermore, the dissolution effect and strength of the sandstone components were also affected. The experiment revealed that high temperature and high pressure conditions with CO2‐rich fluid has a significant dissolution effect on aluminosilicate minerals and is conducive to the formation of secondary pores and effective reservoirs. Going forward with the above understanding has important implications for the promotion of deep oil and gas exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the effect of carbon addition on dual‐phase high‐entropy alloys (HEAs), the mechanism of phase transition and mechanical properties of AlCrFe2Ni2Cx (x = 0, 0.06, 0.12, 0.18, 0.24) are investigated systematically. The results show that carbon addition induced the growth and aggregate of disordered noodle‐like face‐centered cubic (FCC) phases. The volume fraction of the FCC phase increases from 33.2% to 51.2% as the C content increases. The Al and Ni in the alloys are segregated at the phase boundaries. Disappearance of the spinodal decomposition structure compose of a disordered body‐centered cubic (BCC) structure and an ordered BCC structure (B2). The BCC phase transform into a spherical B2 phase with increasing C content. The experimental mechanical properties show that the yield strength of the HEAs is closely related to the volume fraction of BCC phase as the C content increases. The ε phase (Cr, C carbonization) precipitate in an FCC phase when the C content is above 2.0 at%. The hardness of the HEAs increases from 310 to 357 HV as the C content increases. The compressive strength and the fracture strain of the alloy decreases as the C content increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seismic reflection data were used to investigate the multiple stages of headward erosion, incision, and sedimentation on the initiation and evolution of the Central Canyon, a Late Miocene-Pliocene continental slope-parallel canyon on the northwestern margin of the South China Sea. Secondary channels of the early stage generally display deep, V-shaped cross-sectional morphologies, indicating that vertical erosion was dominant in the early stage of canyon formation, while later-phase secondary channels have shallow, U-shaped cross sections, indicating that sedimentation dominated in the late stage. Influenced by gradual sea-level rise, headward erosion shifted the Central Canyon head from the Qiongdongnan Basin to the southeastern margin of the Yinggehai Basin. The length of headward erosion is up to 140 km, equivalent to one-fourth of the total length of the Central Canyon (525 km). The thalweg depth, height, and width of the Central Canyon increases down canyon from 2723 m, 164 m, and 2 km to 5318 m, 1023 m, and 16 km, respectively. This increase is gradual on gently-sloping palaeoseafloor, and more abrupt on steep-gradient palaeoseafloor. Canyon segments on gently-sloping palaeoseafloor are also characterised by a good correlation between canyon height and width. The sediments fill in the Central Canyon differ across the canyon’s segments. Turbidites and debrites infill the upstream segment of the Central Canyon. Turbidites and Mass-transport deposits are widespread in the middle reaches of the Central Canyon. The typical feature of the Central Canyon’s downstream segment is under-compensation, and canyon wall collapse are common in the upper fill of the downstream segment. We reconstruct the multistage evolution of the Central Canyon as comprising primary erosion, burial, renewed erosion, infilling, and abandonment stages. This multistage evolution was mainly controlled by relative sea-level fluctuations of the Qiongdongnan Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The first deep learning framework for texture cartoonization. • A deep regularization module to predict and enhance the regularity of texture. • An unsupervised module for texture cartoonization. • Tailored self-supervised and adversarial objectives for network training. [Display omitted] Texture plays an important role in cartoon images to represent materials of objects and enrich visual attractiveness. However, manually crafting a cartoon texture is not easy, so amateurs usually directly use cartoon textures downloaded from the Internet. Unfortunately, Internet resources are quite limited and often patented, which restrict the users from generating visually pleasant and personalized cartoon textures. In this paper, we propose a deep learning based method to generate cartoon textures from natural textures. Different from the existing photo cartoonization methods that only aim to generate cartoonic images, the key to our method is to generate cartoon textures that are both cartoonic and regular. To achieve this goal, we propose a regularization module to generate a regular natural texture with similar appearance as the input, and a cartoonization module to cartoffonize the regularized natural texture into a regular cartoon texture. Our method successfully produces cartoonic and regular textures from various natural textures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reduced availability of nitrogen sources in seawater leads to discoloration of the edible red seaweed Pyropia yezoensis and induces the expression of genes encoding ammonium, nitrate and urea transporters. In the present study, we demonstrate that low temperatures can also cause discoloration of this economically important seaweed. Thus, we addressed regulatory mechanisms of cold-inducible discoloration. When P. yezoensis thalli were incubated at 0, 5 and 10 ° C, the thalli exhibited retarded growth and discoloration, along with reduced phycoerythrin contents. Fertilization with nitrogen sources did not recover this discoloration at 0 ° C, suggesting that defects in nitrogen absorption cause low temperature-induced discoloration. The expression levels of many nitrogen transporter genes were reduced at low temperature. We propose that low temperature-mediated repression of ammonium, nitrate and urea transporter gene expression promotes the reduced absorption of nitrogen sources in P. yezoensis , thereby leading to discoloration. This process is different from the well-known mechanism underlying discoloration in P. yezoensis under nitrogen-deficient conditions at normal culture temperature. • Low temperature causes growth retardation and discoloration in Pyropia yezoensi s. • Cold-induced discoloration occurs in a nitrogen deficiency-independent manner. • Low temperature represses the expression of most nitrate transporter genes. • Low temperature-dependent discoloration occurs via a novel mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Preparation of dicarboxy cellulose nanocrystal from spent fungi substrate. • The process of sequential periodate-chlorite requires no mechanical component. • The addition of gelatin enhances the redispersion of the cellulose nanocrystal. Dicarboxylic cellulose nanocrystals (DCNCs) from spent fungi substrate were freeze-dried with gelatin to obtain nanoscale-powder that was easy to redisperse and store. The agglomeration of nanocellulose during the drying process led to its performance degradation, which was the major limit to its productization and economy. In this study, The DCNCs were obtained via the sequential periodate-chlorite process without any mechanical component, and its structural and morphological properties were characterized by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The XRD results showed the cellulose I structure was maintained, however, the crystallinity index decreased because of the oxidation. The TEM analysis revealed that DCNC behaved rod-shaped with the average length and width of 281.47 nm and 20.8 nm, respectively. The gelatin and nanocellulose were homogenized through different conditions, then washing with hot water after the freeze-drying. Under the conditions of gelatin 2%, pH 7, and homogeneous (16000 r/min, 20 min), the redispersed DCNC suspension with the best light transmittance and stability was obtained. The introduction of gelatin not only minimized aggregation during the dehydration but also ensured excellent redispersion kinetics and stability. This study would provide an efficient and convenient route for the redispersion and storage of nanocellulose, aiming to realize its industrial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Composite membrane was prepared by incorporating MPNs and GO in polyamide layer. • The interlayer interaction of GO sheets was manipulated via intercalating MPNs. • Wrinkled membrane surface was formed via adjusting the additive content of MPNs. • The composite membrane shows a high water flux up to 251 L m−2h−1 MPa−1. Nanofiltration membranes prepared via polyamide crosslinked Graphene oxide (GO) sheets have been considered to be promisingly applied in water purification. Unfortunately, the water flux of polyamide crosslinked GO-based membranes is strongly restricted due to the small interlamellar spacing of GO sheets. To solve this problem, the microporous polymer networks (MPNs) and GO sheets were introduced into the polyamide layer to reach a synergistic effect in this work. Specifically, the interlamellar interaction of GO sheets was manipulated via intercalating MPNs nanoparticles. The synergistic effect of GO and MPNs was significantly beneficial for the improvement of water flux. A delicate wrinkled membrane surface was formed via regulating the content of MPNs nanoparticles, which could provide larger area in contact with water molecules, further improved the water flux. The prepared membrane with 1 g/m2 MPNs and 41.8 mg/m2 GO sheets gave an evidently increased water flux from 6.6 L m−2h−1 bar−1 to 25.1 L m−2h−1 bar−1 compared with the GO-based membrane without MPNs. Additionally, a high Na 2 SO 4 retention of 94% and considerable efficiency in anti-fouling property were also observed for the prepared membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of antibody tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging enables real-time monitoring of tumor expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in vivo , aiming to facilitate the selection of immunotherapy responders. However, the slow pharmacokinetics of the antibodies in vivo limits their applications in PET imaging with commonly used radionuclides with short half-lives. In this study, we developed a pretargeted PET imaging strategy based on Diels-Alder (IEDDA) click chemistry to overcome these limitations. Atezolizumab and durvalumab, the most commonly used PD-L1 antibodies in cancer immunotherapy, were selected and compared in the development of the pretargeted PET imaging strategy. Fluorine-18-labeled derivatives of methyl tetrazine ([ 18 F]Tz, [ 18 F]PEG 6 -Tz, and [ 18 F]PEG 12 -Tz) were tested in biodistribution and PET imaging of A549-PDL1 xenografts (PD-L1 positive) pretargeted with the trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-functionalized atezolizumab/durvalumab. The biodistribution and imaging results indicated that atezolizumab-TCO/[ 18 F]PEG 12 -Tz was more suitable for pretargeted PET imaging strategy, and the optimal interval time was 48 h after atezolizumab-TCO administration, where the atezolizumab-TCO/[ 18 F]PEG 12 -Tz pretargeted approach clearly delineated the A549-PDL1 tumor with a tumor-to-muscle ratio of 5.33, while the ratios are 3.39 and 2.39 for durvalumab/[ 18 F]PEG 12 -Tz and mock-pretargeting controls, respectively. In conclusion, a pretargeted 18 F-immuno-PET imaging technology was successfully established on atezolizumab. The high-contrast PET images of the A549-PDL1 tumor models demonstrate that the pretargeting strategy incorporating short-lived fluorine-18 is viable in identifying tumors with high PD-L1 expression, marking this strategy as a potential candidate for further clinical translation., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Objectives: To investigate the variability and diagnostic efficacy of respiratory-gated (RG) PET/CT based radiomics features compared to ungated (UG) PET/CT in the differentiation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and benign lesions., Methods: 117 patients with suspected lung lesions from March 2020 to May 2021 and consent to undergo UG PET/CT and chest RG PET/CT (including phase-based quiescent period gating, pQPG and phase-matched 4D PET/CT, 4DRG) were prospectively included. 377 radiomics features were extracted from PET images of each scan. Paired t test was used to compare UG and RG features for inter-scan variability analysis. We developed three radiomics models with UG and RG features (i.e. UGModel, pQPGModel and 4DRGModel). ROC curves were used to compare diagnostic efficiencies, and the model-level comparison of diagnostic value was performed by five-fold cross-validation. A P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant., Results: A total of 111 patients (average age ± standard deviation was 59.1 ± 11.6 y, range, 29 - 88 y, and 63 were males) with 209 lung lesions were analyzed for features variability and the subgroup of 126 non-metastasis lesions in 91 patients without treatment before PET/CT were included for diagnosis analysis. 101/377 (26.8 %) 4DRG features and 82/377 (21.8 %) pQPG features showed significant difference compared to UG features (both P<0.05). 61/377 (16.2 %) and 59/377 (15.6 %) of them showed significantly better discriminant ability (ΔAUC% (i.e. (AUC RG - AUC UG ) / AUC UG ×100 %) > 0 and P<0.05) in malignant recognition, respectively. For the model-level comparison, 4DRGModel achieved the highest diagnostic efficacy (sen 73.2 %, spe 87.3 %) compared with UGModel (sen 57.7 %, spe 76.4 %) and pQPGModel (sen 63.4 %, spe 81.8 %)., Conclusion: RG PET/CT performs better in the quantitative assessment of metabolic heterogeneity for lung lesions and the subsequent diagnosis in patients with NSCLC compared with UG PET/CT., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Manga screening is a critical process in manga production, which still requires intensive labor and cost. Existing manga screening methods either generate simple dotted screentones only or rely on color information and manual hints during screentone selection. Due to the large domain gap between line drawings and screened manga, and the difficulties in generating high-quality, properly selected and shaded screentones, even state-of-the-art deep learning methods cannot convert line drawings to screened manga well. Besides, ambiguity exists in the screening process since different artists may screen differently for the same line drawing. In this article, we propose to introduce shaded line drawing as the intermediate counterpart of the screened manga so that the manga screening task can be decomposed into two sub-tasks, generating shading from a line drawing and replacing shading with proper screentones. The reference image is adopted to resolve the ambiguity issue and provides options and controls on the generated screened manga. We proposed a reference-based shading generation network and a reference-based screentone generation module to achieve the two sub-tasks individually. We conduct extensive visual and quantitative experiments to verify the effectiveness of our system. Results and statistics show that our method outperforms existing methods on the manga screening task.