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Organizational scholars have long touted the myriad benefits of trust for organizational functioning and performance. Recent surveys, however, document pervasive deficits in such trust. This article addresses the important topic of reducing these deficits. Our attack on this problem is two pronged. First, we examine approaches to repairing damaged trust within organizational settings. Specifically, we assess the state of organizational theory and knowledge regarding effective approaches to trust repair after internal or external events have weakened or damaged trust in an organization. We define what is meant by trust repair, review the most common ways that trust is broken, and then explore the three major approaches that have received the most attention in trust-repair research. We then address the question of how trust, once repaired, can be enhanced and made more durable and stable. Specifically, we examine theory and evidence regarding the antecedent conditions that support the development and maintenance of what we term presumptive trust among organizational members. We conclude the article with some recommendations of fruitful directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental dynamism can drive the need for proactive supply chain resilience capabilities by requiring the supply chain partners to stay focused and vigilant about potential changes and disruptions through early detection and projection. However, environmental dynamism can also simultaneously play a negative role as it could increase confusion, mismatch, and disagreement within buyer-supplier relationships. This research empirically tests this paradoxical effect of environmental dynamism on proactive resilience. Using the tenets of the relational view, this research examines the role of output-based contracts and trust in mitigating the adverse effects of environmental dynamism. Specifically, this research tests a moderated-moderated-mediation model based on survey data collected from manufacturing firms within the USA and the UK. The results show that a plural governance form of output-based contract guided by trust could reduce the possibility of conflicts and allow supply chains to take better advantage of the dynamism in their environment. When it comes to supply chain managers, this research provides a clear understanding of the dual role of environmental dynamism. Additionally, by demonstrating the benefits of strategic balance among plural governance mechanisms, the findings could enable managers to take better advantage of the dynamic environment and be proactively resilient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effectiveness of vaccination programmes depends on high levels of public trust in political, scientific and health-related institutions, but public trust in vaccines can waver. This article explores aspects of public trust and mistrust on a web media platform about the MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine through the statements of a doctor and an anonymised 'anti-vaxxer'. Thematic analysis identifies commonalities and divergences in both perspectives. Both trust and mistrust of MMR vaccination are presented as moral, reasoned stances by their proponents; they are connected to the individual's experiences and situations, but are associated with very different trust attitudes to scientific and political institutions. Moreover, both the trustworthiness of the speakers themselves and the (un)trustworthiness of authorities are emphasised. Trust and mistrust are also thematised in relation to contextual matters such as the role of social media and the historical MMR controversy. Further research towards identifying common ground between trust positions is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theories and models are central to Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) sciences for producing new knowledge, pushing the boundaries of the field, and providing a basis for designing systems that can improve human performance. Despite the key role, there has been less attention to what constitutes a good theory/model and how to examine the relative worth of different theories/models. This study aims to bridge this gap by (1) proposing a set of criteria for evaluating models in HFE, (2) employing a methodological approach to utilize the proposed criteria, and (3) evaluating the existing models of trust in automation (TiA) according to the proposed criteria. The resulting work provides a reference guide for researchers to examine the existing models' performance and to make meaningful comparisons between TiA models. The results also shed light on the differences among TiA models in satisfying the criteria. While conceptual models offer valuable insights into identifying the causal factors, their limitation in operationalization poses a major challenge in terms of testability and empirical validity. On the other hand, although more readily testable and possessing higher predictive power, computational models are confined to capturing only partial causal factors and have reduced explanatory power capacity. The study concludes with recommendations that in order to advance as a scientific discipline, HFE should adopt modelling approaches that can help us understand the complexities of human performance in dynamic sociotechnical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors draw on the sociological theories of the "liability of newness" and the "liability of adolescence" to generate new insights into relationship evolution. First, they show how a new relationship in its "honeymoon" phase exhibits a unique constellation of two conditions, namely information asymmetry and forbearance. Next, they explain how a relationship evolves along two processes that involve passive learning and decay, respectively. In themselves, these processes will move a relationship toward a long-term "transactional" state and possibly termination, but the processes can also be actively shaped using various governance mechanisms. Doing so, however, requires a nuanced account of types of governance mechanisms and the particular conditions they are intended to induce. The authors consider how the general mechanisms of (1) incentives and (2) information sharing can be deployed in standardized or customized fashions, respectively. Next, they suggest how different manifestation of governance mechanisms impact a relationship's underlying evolutionary processes and evolved relationship states. In general, their framework represents a new perspective on relationship evolution—one that involves the purposeful management of initial conditions and their related evolutionary processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I theoretically examine the concept of quantified credibility in sociology. I argue that quantified credibility has components of status, reputation, and trust, which are arbitrations of rankings of individuals, public and private institutions to determine their trustworthiness, legitimacy, and access to resources. To illustrate the above, this paper provides an in-depth analysis of China's Social Credit System (SOCS), as it is developing into one of the largest and comprehensive data systems in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Does collectivism influence an individual's willingness to trust others? Conflicting empirical results from previous research and the role of trust in international marketing make this question important to resolve. The authors investigate this question across cultures and at the individual level with four studies using multiple methods. Study 1 establishes correlational evidence between societal-level collectivism and individual-level trust propensity with results from a multilevel analysis of data from over 6,000 respondents in 36 countries. Study 2 offers an individual-level analysis using the trust game, introducing a more rigorous behavioral outcome variable. Study 3 contributes causal evidence at the individual level based on experiments in both the United States and China and offers evidence of social projection as the explanatory mechanism. Finally, Study 4 demonstrates managerial relevance by using advertising to prime collectivism and assessing its effect on trust in the firm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, we sought to construct an integrated model to identify various elements and evaluate the impact of these identified factors on customers' behavioral intention to use or not use specific M-wallets for payment. To this end, we proposed and validated a conceptual model. In all, 600 questionnaires were distributed, and 482 responses were deemed usable. Structural equation modeling was used to demonstrate the stability of the proposed model and to test the research hypotheses. Perceived value, trust, compatibility, and social influence were all found to have a substantial influence on behavioral intention; however, consumers are less likely to use an M-wallet on the basis of perceived enjoyment. We also found that trust, followed by compatibility, has a stronger influence on customers' behavioral intentions in the context of M-payments. This study only included six M-wallets and was restricted to a certain age group in a single city. Understanding the many characteristics of behavioral intention can help M-wallet providers gain consumer trust and increase the frequency with which consumers use M-wallets for M-payments. The findings suggest that M-wallet service providers should consider and manage all influencing elements as proactive strategies for M-wallet intention. This strategy can be used to create an M-wallet-user behavioral intention model that will assist enterprises/companies in managing the establishment of their users' behavioral intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance of trade negotiations involving countries or groups of countries (international trade and diplomatic negotiations) is growing. At the same time, these trade negotiations between countries or groups of countries, which may take place in bilateral, regional or multilateral fora, are increasingly difficult to conclude. Over and above their complexity (an obvious source of these difficulties), the question arises as to the relevance of the theoretical analytical framework (in the economic sense) of these phenomena. Based on a political economy analysis, this work argues for the construction of a general economic theory of international trade and diplomatic negotiations to make the players involved in this type of negotiation more effective. Firstly, beyond the difficulties in defining the concept of negotiation, international trade negotiations between countries or groups of countries are distinct from other types of negotiation (taken as a whole). Secondly, they have sufficiently specific characteristics to distinguish them from other types of trade negotiation. Finally, they satisfy the three main basic conditions defined by Arena (2020), which must be met by any phenomenon that can be the subject of pure economic theory. From this point of view, it may be relevant to understand them as a collective decision-making process in a situation of uncertainty with a view to liberalising trade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How does a board of directors respond to stringent transnational regulations on corporate governance? We explore this question in a case study that includes interviews with key governance actors of a bank dealing with regulatory changes in the European Union (EU) initiated in 2010 in response to the financial crisis of 2007–2008. Our findings suggest that transnational regulations introduced a conflicting prescription to the directors, who were caught between two needs: existing local governance practices and transnational regulatory compliance. Contributing to the international corporate governance research, our findings corroborate the resistance to transnational regulations and the distrust attributable to boards of directors' role struggles and the invasive accountability mechanisms introduced by such regulations. We, therefore, contribute to the ongoing discussion on how the conflicting layers of corporate governance—local versus global—and how the discontinuities between competing existing practices and the prescriptions of transnational regulations can provoke micro-resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Firms are increasingly adopting pro-lesbian, -gay, -bisexual, -transgender, inclusivity and diversity (LGBT-ID) policies for workforce management. This study develops a parsimonious, albeit complex, moderated-mediated framework by employing a panel dataset combining data from archival sources and involving a sample of predominantly large and publicly held firms from the USA between 2002 and 2018. The number of observations varied across variables with a minimum of 414 observations (corporate brand equity) and a maximum of 3,566 observations (self-reported LGBT-ID policy). This treatise demonstrates that adopting LGBT-ID policies positively impacts firms' profitability. Moreover, pro-LGBT-ID policies during this specific period have a positive effect on corporate brand equity, which in turn affects firm profitability, indicating that brand equity plays a mediating role in the nexus between pro-LGBT-ID policies and firms' financial performance. Furthermore, innovation intensity strengthens the relationship between pro-LGBT-ID policies and brand equity during the sample period of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rumors about brands and products are a growing problem on social media, but systematic research on rumor-refutation strategies for various brands is limited. To advance research on rumor-refutation effects in the context of commercial rumor outbreaks, and to help brand managers better fight detrimental rumors against their brands, this study examined: 1) the influences of source trust (the degree to which the transmitter source of a rumor-refutation message is trusted by others within a social network) on the effectiveness of a rumor-refutation message, and 2) potential interaction effects of source trust and trust cues embedded in a rumor-refutation message. Using an interdisciplinary multi-method approach combining experimental and computational research approaches, findings demonstrate significant effects of the source trust factor on belief and retransmission intention of rumor-refutation. The results revealed an interesting moderating effect of the trust-cue factor. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationships between personal religiosity, trust, and the acceptance of restrictions which could be imposed on individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to overcome the crisis. The study was carried out in Poland, a country with one of the highest declared levels of religiosity in Europe. Interpersonal and institutional trust were measured. The acceptance of the pandemic restrictions was positively related to personal religiosity and institutional trust (trust in the Church, trust in the Government, and trust in the health authorities). However, there was no association between the acceptance of the restrictions and interpersonal trust. Trust in the Church turned out to mediate the relationship between religiosity and the acceptance of most restrictions associated with the pandemic. The results of the study are discussed in the context of other studies on the relationship between religiosity and health behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this comprehensive study, insights from 1389 scholars across the US, UK, Germany, and Switzerland shed light on the multifaceted perceptions of artificial intelligence (AI). AI's burgeoning integration into everyday life promises enhanced efficiency and innovation. The Trustworthy AI principles by the European Commission, emphasising data safeguarding, security, and judicious governance, serve as the linchpin for AI's widespread acceptance. A correlation emerged between societal interpretations of AI's impact and elements like trustworthiness, associated risks, and usage/acceptance. Those discerning AI's threats often view its prospective outcomes pessimistically, while proponents recognise its transformative potential. These inclinations resonate with trust and AI's perceived singularity. Consequently, factors such as trust, application breadth, and perceived vulnerabilities shape public consensus, depicting AI as humanity's boon or bane. The study also accentuates the public's divergent views on AI's evolution, underlining the malleability of opinions amidst polarising narratives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political trust is routinely invoked by social scientists and pundits, usually in a crisis narrative that sees a danger to democracy in declining or low levels of political trust. However, the concept remains fuzzy and elusive. Although non-exhaustive, this review traces strands of consensus and disputes on the conceptualisations, determinants, and consequences of political trust. It highlights the recent (re-)discovery of a distinction between related yet distinct family members of political trust: sceptical mistrust and cynic distrust. The deeply rooted concern with political trust lies not in increasing political trust but in preventing healthy mistrust from turning into cynic distrust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How might religion influence consumer behavior in the marketplace? The present research proposes that failure and subsequent firm recovery efforts represent a domain that may be particularly sensitive to religion. Specifically, we demonstrate that religion salience promotes a more positive response to failure when accompanied by recovery. This effect is due to heightened forgiveness, a religious value held by many major world religions, which is triggered by signals of firm repentance. In a series of eight studies, theorizing is extended to the moderating roles of both religiosity (with implications for the religion–forgiveness discrepancy) and recovery content (comparing apology vs. compensation) and evidence of generalizability across several major religious affiliations is provided. This research highlights the importance of religion salience to marketers operating in failure–recovery contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trust is key to relationship marketing. Although trust is bilateral, studies on the dispersion of trust among exchange parties remain limited, leaving the antecedents and outcomes of trust asymmetry largely underexplored. To fill the gaps, this study empirically examines the effects of different types of trust asymmetry on exchange performance and then investigates the institutional origins of trust asymmetry in international interfirm exchanges. Drawing on a survey of 134 international buyer–supplier relationships in China, the study finds that both calculative trust asymmetry and relational trust asymmetry have negative influences on exchange performance. The study also finds that formal institutional distance constrains calculative trust asymmetry and informal institutional distance increases relational trust asymmetry. Moreover, prior interactions and expectations of continuity significantly moderate the effects of formal and informal institutional distance. This study advances trust studies in cross-border settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]