248 results on '"Leilson Rocha Bezerra"'
Search Results
102. Effects of the Dietary Inclusion of Buriti Oil on Lamb Performance, Carcass Traits, Digestibility, Nitrogen Balance, Ingestive Behavior and Blood Metabolites
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Sheila Vilarindo de Sousa, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Analívia Martins Barbosa, Juliana Paula Felipe de Oliveira, Mateus N. S. Souza, José Fábio Paulino de Moura, Jarbas M. da Silva Júnior, Elzânia Sales Pereira, Luciana Viana Diogénes, and José Morais Pereira Filho
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Buriti oil ,Nitrogen balance ,sheep ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,Chemistry ,Feed conversion ratio ,Article ,byproduct ,Excretion ,Neutral Detergent Fiber ,Bolus (medicine) ,Animal science ,lcsh:Zoology ,Energy density ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dry matter ,Mauritia flexuosa L ,lcsh:QL1-991 ,lipid supplementation ,carcass - Abstract
Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa L.) oil (BO) is a byproduct that can be incorporated into the diet of lambs, thus increasing the energy density. The study aimed to evaluate the optimum BO inclusion level in lamb diets. Sixty-five Santa Ines lambs were distributed in two completely randomized experiments with five treatments each (BO inclusion at 0 (control), 12, 24, 36 and 48 g/kg dry matter (DM) total). The BO supplementation to partially replace ground corn linearly decreased the nutrient intake and digestibility of DM, ether extract and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), N°, chews/bolus, DM and NDF rumination or eating efficiencies, the N intake and N balance, carcass weights and yields, and dressing content of lamb carcasses (p <, 0.05). The addition of BO responded quadratically to DM eating efficiency and N-fecal and N-urinary excretion (p <, 0.05). The linear response plateau (LRP) analysis demonstrated that the levels of 0 and 12 g/kg of BO were similar, and improved intake and digestibility and consequently performance (p <, 0.001). There was a linear increase in feed efficiency and shrinkage after chilling with the BO inclusion replacing ground corn. The inclusion of 12 g/kg BO in the total DM of diet is recommended, because it improves feeding intake, digestibility and performance of lambs.
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- 2020
103. Effect of different blend levels of spineless cactus and Mombasa hay as roughage on intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, and performance of lambs
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Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Juliana Paula Felipe de Oliveira, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Tairon Pannunzio Dias-Silva, Eduardo Santiago Beltrão, José Fábio Paulino de Moura, José Morais Pereira Filho, and Aderbal Marcos de Azevedo Silva
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Cactaceae ,Dietary Fiber ,Sheep ,biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Feed conversion ratio ,Animal Feed ,Kenya ,Breed ,Diet ,Neutral Detergent Fiber ,Plant Breeding ,Animal science ,Food Animals ,Feedlot ,Hay ,Animals ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dry matter ,Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Digestion ,Panicum ,Completely randomized design - Abstract
This study aimed to determine the best level of the blend of spineless cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera) and Mombasa (Panicum maximum) hay as roughage in the diet of lambs based on intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, and lamb performance. Forty-eight uncastrated crossbred Santa Ines breed lambs with an average age of 4 months old and an average initial BW of 20.5 kg ± 2.8 kg were distributed in two experiments using a completely randomized design: experiment 1: 16 lambs (four treatments and four replicates) for in vivo digestibility trial in metabolic cage; experiment 2: 32 lambs (four treatments and eight replicates) in feedlot to determine intake, ingestive behavior, and performance. As the amount of cactus in the roughage increased, there was a linear reduction (P
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- 2020
104. Physicochemical characteristics of meat of nellore steers supplemented with or without addition of lipids
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Elizabeth Fonsêca Processi, Clóvis Carlos Silveira Filho, Carlos Augusto de Alencar Fontes, Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel, Cláudio Teixeira Lombardi, Tiago Cunha Rocha, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Laila Cecília Ramos Bendia, and Leilson Rocha Bezerra
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collagen ,QH301-705.5 ,Agricultural Sciences ,Gado de corte ,food and beverages ,Beef cattle ,Agriculture ,Tenderness ,beef cattle ,tenderness ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Colágeno ,Maciez ,Collagen ,Biology (General) ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
The aim of research was to evaluate the meat quality of Nellore young bulls in grazing supplemented with or without addition of lipids. Twenty–four young bulls, 301 ± 5.8 kg in body weight, were used in the experiment and randomly distributed into four groups according to treatment: only Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa grass; Mombasa grass with concentrated supplementation based on soybean meal; Mombasa grass with concentrate containing lipids from soybean oil; and Mombasa grass with concentrate containing lipids derived from soybean grains. There were no differences (P>0.05) between the treatments for temperature, pH, thawing, cooking and total losses, shear force, sarcomere length and collagen in bulls. Nellore young bulls raised in fertilized and irrigated Mombasa grass fed Mombasa grass only or supplemented with or without addition of lipids were similar regarding meat quality. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar a qualidade da carne de novilhos Nelore em pastejo suplementado com ou sem adição de lipídios. Vinte e quatro novilhos, 301 ± 5,8 kg de peso vivo, foram utilizados no experimento e distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos de acordo com os tratamentos: somente Panicum maximum cv. capim-mombaça; capim-mombaça com suplementação concentrada à base de farelo de soja; capim-mombaça com concentrado contendo lipídios do óleo de soja; e capim-mombaça com concentrado contendo lipídios derivados de grãos de soja. Não houve diferenças (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos para temperatura, pH, perdas por descongelamento, perdas por cozimento e perdas totais, força de cisalhamento, comprimento de sarcômero e colágeno nos touros. Novilhos Nelore criados em capim-mombaça fertilizado e irrigado, alimentados apenas com capim-mombaça ou suplementados com ou sem adição de lipídeos, foram semelhantes quanto à qualidade da carne.
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- 2020
105. Protein, energetic, enzymatic and mineral profile of Nellore cows during the pregnancy, parturition and postpartum
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Tairon Pannunzio Dias e Silva, Wagner Dias Coelho de Oliveira, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Marcos Jácome de Araújo, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, and Ricardo Loiola Edvan
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040301 veterinary sciences ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Calcium ,0403 veterinary science ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,blood ,Medicine ,biochemistry ,metabolites ,lcsh:SF1-1100 ,Pregnancy ,Creatinine ,business.industry ,Cholesterol ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Albumin ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,medicine.disease ,040201 dairy & animal science ,chemistry ,ketone bodies ,physiology ,Ketone bodies ,Urea ,Alkaline phosphatase ,Animal Science and Zoology ,lcsh:Animal culture ,business ,Food Science - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the protein energetic, enzymatic and mineral profile of Nellore cows during the pregnancy, parturition and postpartum. Fifteen multiparous cows with 4 ± 1 years of age and live weight of 400 ± 50 kg were used at different stages (non-pregnant, in the initial, middle and late pregnancy, at birth, one day postpartum, 30 and 60 days postpartum). Blood collections were performed every 30 days and assayed for the following blood biomarkers: Protein (total proteins, albumin, urea and creatinine), energetic (cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and beta hydroxybutyrate), mineral (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium) and enzymatic (alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase). Calcium had the lowest concentrations (p < 0.05) in the initial pregnancy, while phosphorus had the highest concentration at parturition (p < 0.05). Triglycerides, glucose and beta hydroxybutyrate were influenced by the stages of pregnancy, reducing in the late pregnancy and at parturition. Glucose had a reduction in the late pregnancy and elevation in the postpartum. Beta hydroxybutyrate showed increase at the late pregnancy. Although lipomobilization occurred in the phases of higher metabolic demands in the attempt to maintain homeostatic conditions. Nellore cows did not present negative energy balance in the late pregnancy period, maintaining normal variation in blood markers throughout the experimental period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protein energetic, enzymatic and mineral profile of Nellore cows during the pregnancy, parturition and postpartum. Fifteen multiparous cows with 4 ± 1 years of age and live weight of 400 ± 50 kg were used at different stages (non-pregnant, in the initial, middle and late pregnancy, at birth, one day postpartum, 30 and 60 days postpartum). Blood collections were performed every 30 days and assayed for the following blood biomarkers: Protein (total proteins, albumin, urea and creatinine), energetic (cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and beta hydroxybutyrate), mineral (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium) and enzymatic (alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase). Calcium had the lowest concentrations (p < 0.05) in the initial pregnancy, while phosphorus had the highest concentration at parturition (p < 0.05). Triglycerides, glucose and beta hydroxybutyrate were influenced by the stages of pregnancy, reducing in the late pregnancy and at parturition. Glucose had a reduction in the late pregnancy and elevation in the postpartum. Beta hydroxybutyrate showed increase at the late pregnancy. Although lipomobilization occurred in the phases of higher metabolic demands in the attempt to maintain homeostatic conditions. Nellore cows did not present negative energy balance in the late pregnancy period, maintaining normal variation in blood markers throughout the experimental period.
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- 2020
106. Morphological and morphometric characteristics, drying rate, and chemical composition of forage grasses grown for hay production
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Daniel Biagiotti, Marcos Jácome de Araújo, Francigefeson Linhares dos Santos Ezequiel, Felipe Luênio de Azevedo, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Keuven dos Santos Nascimento, Lucas de Souza Barros, and Ricardo Loiola Edvan
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Hay-making ,Drought ,Conservação ,Fenação ,Randomized block design ,food and beverages ,Forage ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Conservation ,Biology ,Estiagem ,Forragem ,Animal science ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Hay ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Dry matter ,Plant breeding ,Cultivar ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Water content ,Completely randomized design - Abstract
The objective of this study is to characterize six forage grass cultivars used for hay production. The morphological and morphometric characteristics of these cultivars were determined using a completely randomized block design, and the rates of loss of dry matter and crude protein (CP) were evaluated using a completely randomized design with a 6 x 5 factorial scheme (six cultivars vs. five drying periods [0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours]) and three repetitions. Morphological and morphometric characteristics and the chemical composition of the cultivars were analyzed using the Scott-Knott test, and the drying time was assessed using linear regression analysis at a level of significance of 5%. There was a significant effect (p < 0.05) of morphological and morphometric characteristics, except for stem thickness (p=0.1) and the live-to-dead biomass ratio (p=0.27). The Massai cultivar presented a higher leaf to stem ratio (1.23 ± 0.60). There was an increased linear response (p < 0.05) for the rate of water loss in the six evaluated cultivars. The Massai cultivar had a safe storage moisture content (80% dry matter) after 3 hours and 11 minutes of sun exposure, and the drying rate was 10.34% per hour of sun exposure. The cultivars Paredão and Marandú showed a decreasing linear effect of CP content across the harvest period, corresponding to 22.07% and 21.38 ± 0.55% in fresh plants, respectively, and 20.13% and 18.11 ± 0.55% after 4 hours of sun exposure, respectively. The Massai cultivar had the most efficient rate of water loss, reaching a safe storage moisture content in 3 hours and 6 minutes, with a CP content of 18.63%. Este trabalho objetiva a caracterização de seis cultivares de gramíneas forrageiras para a produção de feno. Na determinação dos componentes morfológicos e morfométricos dos seis cultivares de gramíneas forrageiras foi utilizado delineamento inteiramente casualizado, e para curva de desidratação da matéria seca e da perda de proteína bruta utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 6 x 5, onde os fatores corresponderam aos seis cultivares e cinco tempos de desidratação (0, 1, 2, 3 e 4 horas), ambos utilizaram três repetições. Para análise dos dados das características morfogênicas, morfométricas e composição química dos cultivares foi utilizado o teste de Scott Knott e para análise no tempo de desidratação foi utilizado análise de regressão linear, todos a 5% de probabilidade. Houve efeito significativo (P < 0,05) para as análises morfométricas e morfológicas, exceto para as variáveis espessura de colmo (EC) (P=0,1) e relação matéria verde/matéria morta (P=0,27). Para relação lâmina foliar/colmo o capim-massai apresentou maior valor de lâmina foliar em relação ao colmo de 1,23±0,60. É possível observar resposta linear crescente (p < 0,05) para curva de desidratação dos 6 cultivares estudados neste experimento. O capim-massai atingiu ponto de feno (80% matéria seca) após 3 horas e 11 minutos de exposição ao sol, e taxa de desidratação com aumento de 10,34% de matéria seca por hora. Em relação ao teor de proteína bruta (PB) na desidratação, os capins paredão e marandú apresentam efeito linear decrescente para os períodos de coleta, onde o material in natura apresentaram 22,07 e 21,38±0,55% e após 4 horas de exposição ao sol apresentaram 20,13 e 18,11±0,55% respectivamente. O capim-massai foi o mais eficiente para desidratação, atingindo o ponto de feno em 3 horas e 6 minutos, com teor de PB de 18,63%.
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- 2020
107. Performance, Body Water Balance, Ingestive Behavior and Blood Metabolites in Goats Fed with Cactus Pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L. Miller) Silage Subjected to An Intermittent Water Supply
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Ítalo Reneu Rosas de Albuquerque, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho, Ismael de Sousa Nobre, Edson C. Silva-Filho, Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo, Edson Mauro Santos, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Jarbas Silva-Júnior, Fernanda Maria Almeida dos Santos, Italo Albuquerque, GHERMAN GARCIA LEAL DE ARAUJO, CPATSA, Fernanda Santos, Gleidson Carvalho, Edson Santos, Ismael Nobre, Leilson Bezerra, Jarbas Silva Júnior, Edson Silva Filho, and Ronaldo Oliveira.
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water restriction ,Silage ,Opuntia ficus ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Body water ,lcsh:TJ807-830 ,Randomized block design ,lcsh:Renewable energy sources ,Water supply ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Biology ,Silagem de palma forrageira ,Animal science ,Opuntia ,caprine ,Silagem ,Ruminating ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,semiarid ,PEAR ,Palma Forrageira ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Ovino ,lcsh:Environmental effects of industries and plants ,Goats ,Desempenho da água corporal ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Silagem mista ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,body regions ,Metabolismo ,lcsh:TD194-195 ,Pastagem Mista ,Digestibility ,Cactus ,Silagem de pera ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Water metabolism ,Opuntia ficus sp ,business ,silage - Abstract
This study evaluated the performance, body water balance, ingestive behavior and blood metabolites in goats fed with cactus pear silage subjected to an intermittent water supply. Thirty-six goats were distributed in a randomized block design arranged as a 3 ×, 3 factorial with cactus pear silage in the goats&rsquo, diet (on a 0%, 21% and 42% dry matter-DM basis) and water offer frequency (ad libitum, and 24 and 48 h water restrictions). There was an interaction only between the cactus pear silage level and water offerings for drinking water. Goats fed 42% cactus pear silage had greater intake of non-fibrous carbohydrates, energy, Ca, Mg and Na minerals, water intake, urinary water excretion, body water retention and nutrient digestibility. Cactus pear silage inclusion up to a 42% rate reduced eating and ruminating time and increased the time spent idling as well as the eating and the ruminating efficiency rate. Water restriction at 48 h reduced drinking water intake. Performance and blood metabolites were not affected by cactus silage inclusion or water offering. Cactus pear silage inclusion at up to 42% for goats is recommended during periods of water shortage in semiarid and arid regions because it improves eating, the ruminating efficiency rate, and body water retention, cactus pear silage inclusion at this rate reduces water consumption and it does not affect the performance or health of the animals.
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- 2020
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108. Evaluation of methodologies of urine collection to estimate microbial synthesis in bovines diets containing or not containing lipids
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Clóvis Carlos Silveira Filho, Carlos Augusto de Alencar Fontes, Elizabeth Fonsêca Processi, Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel, Tiago Cunha Rocha, Laila Cecília Ramos Bendia, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, and Cláudio Teixeira Lombardi
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corn silage ,Soybean oil ,Agricultural Sciences ,Chemistry ,QH301-705.5 ,Soja ,food and beverages ,Excreção de creatinina ,Silagem de milho ,soybean oil ,Agriculture ,creatinine excretion ,Purine derivatives ,soybeans ,Creatinine excretion ,Óleo de soja ,Derivados de purina ,Corn silage ,Soybeans ,Food science ,Biology (General) ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,purine derivatives ,Urine collection - Abstract
This study investigated the effectiveness of the urine sample collection method in predicting the volume urinary and synthesis of microbial nitrogen. Eight fistulated steers were used with accessible rumens and kept in individual stalls. Their diets consisted of corn silage; corn silage + concentrate; corn silage + concentrate with addition of lipids in the form of soybean oil; and corn silage + concentrate with addition of lipids in the form of soybean grains. Estimates of microbial protein synthesis were obtained based on the urinary excretion of purine derivatives. There was no effect of diets on daily creatinine excretion (P>0.05). There were differences (P 0,05). Houve diferenças (P
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- 2020
109. Consumo, balanço de nitrogênio e síntese de proteína microbiana de novilhos alimentados com ou sem adição de lipídios
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Cláudio Teixeira Lombardi, Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel, Elizabeth Fonsêca Processi, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Tiago Cunha Rocha, Clóvis Carlos Silveira Filho, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Laila Cecília Ramos Bendia, and Carlos Augusto de Alencar Fontes
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Nitrogen balance ,corn silage ,QH301-705.5 ,Soja ,soybean oil ,nitrogen balance ,Soybean oil ,Protein biosynthesis ,Óleo de soja ,Food science ,Biology (General) ,Ruminal ammonia ,Balanço de nitrogênio ,Chemistry ,Agricultural Sciences ,food and beverages ,Silagem de milho ,Agriculture ,Amônia ruminal ,soybeans ,Corn silage ,Soybeans ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,ruminal ammonia - Abstract
This study investigated the influence of energy supplementation with or without the addition of lipids on microbial production, microbial synthesis efficiency and nitrogen balance. Eight fistulated steers were used with accessible rumens and kept in individual stalls. Their diets consisted of corn silage; corn silage + concentrate; corn silage + concentrate with addition of lipids in the form of soybean oil; and corn silage + concentrate with addition of lipids in the form of soybean grains. Estimates of microbial protein synthesis were obtained based on the urinary excretion of purine derivatives. The concentrations of ammonia in the rumen were determined immediately at 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours after feeding. The diets with concentrate increased (P0.05). Concentrated diets presented higher concentrations of urea nitrogen in the serum and urinary urea excretion (P0.05). Energy supplementation, with or without lipid addition, can be used as a strategy to increase the synthesis of the microbial protein in the cattle fed corn silage. Este estudo investigou a influência da suplementação energética com ou sem adição de lipídios na produção microbiana, eficiência de síntese microbiana e balanço de nitrogênio. Oito novilhos fistulados foram utilizados com rúmen acessível e mantidos em baias individuais. Suas dietas consistiram de silagem de milho; silagem de milho + concentrado; silagem de milho + concentrado com adição de lipídios na forma de óleo de soja; e silagem de milho + concentrado com adição de lipídios na forma de grãos de soja. Estimativas de síntese de proteína microbiana foram obtidas com base na excreção urinária de derivados de purina. As concentrações de amônia no rúmen foram determinadas imediatamente às 2, 4, 6 e 8 horas após a alimentação. As dietas com concentrado aumentaram (P0,05). As dietas concentradas apresentaram maiores concentrações de nitrogênio uréico no soro e excreção urinária de uréia (P 0,05). A suplementação energética, com ou sem adição de lipídios, pode ser utilizada como estratégia para aumentar a síntese da proteína microbiana em bovinos alimentados com silagem de milho.
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- 2020
110. Desempenho, composição corporal e exigências líquidas de proteína e energia para ganho de peso em novilhos suplementados com ou sem adição de lipídios
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Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel, Carlos Augusto de Alencar Fontes, Elizabeth Fonsêca Processi, Laila Cecília Ramos Bendia, Tiago Cunha Rocha, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Clóvis Carlos Silveira Filho, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, and Cláudio Teixeira Lombardi
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panicum maximum ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,Carcass ,food and beverages ,Agriculture ,Ruminants ,Animal science ,Gastrointestinal tract ,ruminants ,medicine ,Composition (visual arts) ,gastrointestinal tract ,Biology (General) ,medicine.symptom ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Weight gain ,Panicum maximum ,Energy (signal processing) ,carcass - Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the performance, body composition and net requirements for protein and energy in grazing Nellore steers supplemented with or without addition of lipids. Twenty-eight steers, 301 ± 5.8 kg BW, were used in the experiment. The comparative slaughter method was used, with four steers used as references. The remaining 24 steers were randomly distributed into four groups, during 180 days, according to treatment: only Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa grass; Mombasa grass with concentrated supplementation based on soybean meal; Mombasa grass with concentrate containing lipids from soybean oil; and Mombasa grass with concentrate containing lipids derived from soybean grains. The total DMI of the steers fed only the pasture did not differ (P > 0.05) from the average intake of the treatments with or without addition of lipids. There were no differences (P > 0.05) between treatments for total daily gain, carcass and non carcass for protein, energy and fat. The requirements of protein and energy did not differ (P > 0.05) among the treatments. When the pasture is of good quality, supplementation does not alter the body composition or the net requirements of protein and energy for weight gain. The supplementations with higher concentrations of lipids (oil and grain) were not enough to promote greater gains in fat and energy in carcass. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho, composição corporal e requisitos líquidos para proteínas e energia de novilhos Nelore em pastejo suplementados com ou sem adição de lipídios. Foram utilizadas no experimento vinte e oito novilhos, 301 ± 5,8 kg PC. O método comparativo de abate foi utilizado, com quatro novilhos utilizados como referências. Os 24 restantes novilhos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos, durante 180 dias, de acordo com o tratamento: apenas Panicum maximum cv. Grama Mombasa; Grama de Mombasa com suplementação concentrada à base de farelo de soja; Grama de Mombasa com concentrado contendo lipídios de óleo de soja; e Mombasa com concentrado contendo lipídios derivados de grãos de soja. O CMS total dos novilhos alimentados apenas com a pastagem não diferiu (P> 0,05) da ingestão média dos tratamentos com ou sem adição de lipídios. Não houve diferenças (P> 0,05) entre os tratamentos para o ganho diário total, carcaça e não carcaça para proteínas, energia e gordura. Os requisitos de proteína e energia não diferiram (P> 0,05) entre os tratamentos. Quando a pastagem é de boa qualidade, a suplementação não altera a composição corporal ou os requisitos líquidos de proteína e energia para ganho de peso. As suplementações com maiores concentrações de lipídios (óleo e grão) não foram suficientes para promover maiores ganhos de gordura e energia na carcaça.
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- 2020
111. ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA, CONCEITUAL E METODOLÓGICA DO USO DE META-ANÁLISE APLICADA ÀS CIÊNCIAS ANIMAIS
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Ariosvaldo Nunes de Medeiros, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Girlene Cordeiro de Lima Santos, and Severino Gonzaga Neto
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- 2020
112. Differences between cattle and buffalo in the water-soluble proteins of the Longissimus muscle as shown by electrophoretic techniques
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Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Paulo Roberto Rodrigues Ramos, Roberto de Oliveira Roça, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Caroline de Lima Francisco, Rafael Silvio Bonilha Pinheiro, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Universitária Avenue, and Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA)
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Longissimus muscle ,Flesh ,Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ,food and beverages ,Context (language use) ,Biology ,protein bands ,adulteration ,humanities ,muscle biochemistry ,Electrophoresis ,Water soluble ,ruminants ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Food science ,Raw meat ,myofibrillar proteins ,Food Science ,Buffalo meat - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:09:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Context: Fraudulent information about food is an old and widespread problem, particularly regarding products with high economic value, such as meat and meat products. The motivation for food fraud is economic, but it can have serious impacts on public health, thus creating a food security problem. Approximately 90% of buffalo meat is marketed as beef in various regions where the consumption of buffalo meat is considered unusual. Aims: To determine the electrophoretic profile of the raw Longissimus dorsi of cattle and buffalo species and to test the hypothesis that electrophoresis techniques can be used to distinguish meat from cattle from buffalo meat. Methods: Fourteen 10-g samples of Longissimus dorsi (12th and 13th rib) tissue were taken from each animal of both species after slaughter. The meat of each species was analysed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (NATIVE PAGE) and by denaturing and non-denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-PAGE. Differences (P < 0.05) were observed between water-soluble cattle and buffalo muscle proteins in both NATIVE PAGE (relative mobilities and percentages of protein bands) and non-denaturing and denaturing SDS-PAGE (molecular weights in kDa and optical density index). Key results: With the NATIVE PAGE technique, 10 protein bands were observed in the gel, and three of these bands exhibited differences between species (P ≤ 0.05). The non-denaturing and denaturing SDS-PAGE techniques yielded significantly different protein bands in the gel. The electrophoretic profiles of some cattle and buffalo muscle proteins are distinct; therefore, raw meat flesh samples of these animal species can be distinguished using these electrophoresis techniques. Conclusions: Each of the three electrophoresis techniques used can distinguish meat from different animal species; however, when there is doubt about the animal species, the use of more than one electrophoretic technique is recommended, so as to obtain more reliable results. Implications: The use of electrophoresis techniques to differentiate cattle and buffalo meat is promising. This technique could be used in cases of suspected food fraud, such as the replacement of beef with buffalo or vice versa, with reliable results that will be accepted by supervisory bodies. São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Engineering Department of Biology and Animal Science, Brasil Avenue, number 56 São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences Department of Physics and Biophysics, Street Professor Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin number 250 São Paulo State University (UNESP) College of Agricultural Science Department of Economy Sociology and Technology, Universitária Avenue, number 3780 Federal University of Campina Grande Department of Animal Science Universitária Avenue, s/n, Jatobá São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Animal Production, Street Professor Valter Maurício Corrêa, s/n Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Federal University of Bahia, Adhemar de Barros Avenue, number 500 São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Engineering Department of Biology and Animal Science, Brasil Avenue, number 56 São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences Department of Physics and Biophysics, Street Professor Dr. Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin number 250 São Paulo State University (UNESP) College of Agricultural Science Department of Economy Sociology and Technology, Universitária Avenue, number 3780 São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science Department of Animal Production, Street Professor Valter Maurício Corrêa, s/n
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- 2020
113. Growth, physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition and sensorial attributes from longissumus lumborum of young bulls fed diets with containing licuri cake
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Thiago Vinicius Costa Nascimento, Lucas F. Silva, Vinicius da Silva Oliveira, Jarbas M. da Silva Júnior, Ana A.L. Gouvêia, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, T.M. Silva, Anny Graycy Vasconcelos de Oliveira Lima, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, and Analívia Martins Barbosa
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,General Veterinary ,Soybean meal ,Fatty acid ,Myristic acid ,Body weight ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Human health ,Animal science ,chemistry ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dry matter ,Fatty acid composition ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain - Abstract
Licuri cake, which is manufactured from pressed palm seeds after their oil has been extracted, has the potential to energy supplement the diets of ruminants, and it can change the biohydrogenation mechanism, which is the main determinant of the fatty acid profile in meat improving fatty acid profile in meat for greater functions in human health. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of licuri cake inclusion replacing soybean meal in the diet of Nellore young bulls, based on growth performance, physicochemical properties, fatty acid quality and sensorial attributes. Thirty-two young bulls, with an initial mean body weight of 346 ± 32.5 kg, distributed in a completely randomized experimental design with four treatments (Licuri cake inclusion at levels 0, 7, 14 and 21% DM total) and eight experimental units per treatment. The inclusion of the licuri cake replacing soybean meal linearly decreased the dry matter intake (DMI) and weight gain of the bulls (P 0.05). The licuri cake inclusion linearly increased the concentration of the myristic acid (C14:0) by 1.39 g/100 g FAME or 28.2% in the longissumus lumborum of the animals (P
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- 2022
114. Effect of dietary reduction and sex class on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, excreted purine derivatives and infrared thermography of hair lambs
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E. L. Heinzen, D. R. Fernandes, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, A. C. N. Campos, J. A. D. Barbosa Filho, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, M. S. S. Carneiro, and Elzânia Sales Pereira
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Nitrogen balance ,Chemistry ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Nutrient intake ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Heat tolerance ,Excretion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Allantoin ,Animal science ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Genetics ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Uric acid ,Purine derivative ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dry matter ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate whether dietary reduction and sex class affect nutrient intake, digestibility, purine derivative (PD) excretion and heat tolerance coefficient in lambs. Thirty-five hair lambs (14.5 ± 0.89 kg initial body weight (BW), 2 months old) were used in a completely randomized study with a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement, three sex classes (11 intact males, 12 castrated males and 12 females) and three levels of feeding (ad libitum, 300 and 600 g/kg/dry matter (DM) feed restriction) for 120 days. Intact and castrated males showed higher intakes of DM and neutral detergent fibre corrected for ash and protein (NDFap) than females. At 300 g/kg/DM feed restriction, NDFap digestibility was lower in intact males than in other classes; however, no differences were found between classes when subjected toad libitumfeeding or 600 g/kg/DM. The basal endogenous nitrogen and endogenous urinary losses were highest in intact males. Allantoin, uric acid and PD excretion, as well as PD absorption and microbial protein production were lowest in the animals subjected to 600 g/kg/DM feed restriction. Microbial protein synthesis (MPS) was highest in animals subjected to 600 g/kg/DM feed restriction. The lowest temperatures were observed in animals subjected to 600 g/kg/DM feed restriction. The heat tolerance coefficient was highest in animals subjected to 600 g/kg/DM feed restriction. In conclusion, feed restriction reduced the time spent on feeding and rumination but increased the digestibility of DM. The restriction level of 600 g/kg/DM maximized MPS and infrared thermography indicated an elevated heat tolerance coefficient.
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- 2018
115. Dorper × Santa Ines F1 crossbred lambs under different grazing times and supplement levels in tropical regions: performance and macromineral requirements
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Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Aderbal Marcos de Azevedo Silva, Giovanna Henriques da Nóbrega, Diflávia S. de M. Assis, José Fábio Paulino de Moura, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, José Morais Pereira Filho, Nilton Guedes do Nascimento Júnior, and Elzânia Sales Pereira
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sheep ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Magnesium ,Phosphorus ,Sodium ,Potassium ,0402 animal and dairy science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Tropics ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Calcium ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Crossbreed ,maintenance ,0403 veterinary science ,Animal science ,chemistry ,Grazing ,Animal Science and Zoology ,lcsh:Animal culture ,phosphorus ,comparative slaughter ,lcsh:SF1-1100 - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and net requirements for calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K) and sodium (Na) in Dorper × Santa Ines F1 crossbred lambs under different grazing times and supplement levels. We used 36 uncastrated male lambs with initial body weights (BW) of 15.5 ± 1.9 kg. Twelve animals were used as a reference group, and the remaining 24 animals were divided into three treatments according to grazing time and supplement level: 9 h × 1.2% BW, 6 h × 0.84% BW and 3 h × 0.48% BW. There were increases in the final BW, average daily gain (ADG) and dry matter intake (DMI) of pasture (p
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- 2018
116. Palm kernel cake from the biodiesel industry in goat kid diets. Part 2: Physicochemical composition, fatty acid profile and sensory attributes of meat
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R.D.X. Ribeiro, Renata Lopes de Oliveira, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Marinaldo Divino Ribeiro, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, G. G. L. de Araujo, T.M. Silva, Ariosvaldo Nunes de Medeiros, and R. de C. R. do E. Queiroga
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,0402 animal and dairy science ,food and beverages ,Fatty acid ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Total mixed ration ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Tenderness ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Food Animals ,chemistry ,Palm kernel ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,Dry matter ,Food science ,medicine.symptom ,Flavor ,Aroma - Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of feeding palm kernel cake to goat kids on the physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid profile and sensory characteristics of their meat. Forty non-castrated ½ Boer kids were fed 0, 7, 14 and 21% palm kernel cake supplements of total dry matter. Confinement lasted for 72 days, and the animals were fasted and slaughtered on the last day. The inclusion of palm kernel cake in the diet of goat kids did not affect the moisture (P = 0.50), lipid (P = 0.36), protein (P = 0.58), ash (P = 0.98), pH mean (P = 0.79), lightness L* (P = 0.69), redness a* (P = 0.42), yellowness b* (P = 0.51), chroma C* (P = 0.49), cooking loss (CL) (P = 0.61) or Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF) (P = 0.81) of the goat kid meat. The fatty acid sums ∑SFA (P = 0.85), ∑MUFA (P = 0.49), and ∑PUFA (P = 0.28); short-chain fatty acids (SCFA; P = 0.44); medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA; P = 0.87); long-chain fatty acids (LCFA; P = 0.55), ∑n–6 (P = 0.43), ∑n–3 (P = 0.44); ∑UFA/∑SFA (P = 0.82), ∑PUFA/∑SFA (P = 0.67), ∑n–6/∑n–3 (P = 0.27) ratios; nutraceutical compound atherogenicity index (AI; P = 0.12); h/H index (P = 0.54); and desirable fatty acids (DFA; P = 0.32) of the goat kid Longissimus dorsi muscle were not changed by including palm kernel cake in the diet. However, there were decreasing trends in C10:0 (P = 0.078), C22:0 (P = 0.058) and C18:2 (P = 0.090) as well as increasing trends in C16:1 (P = 0.074). The sensory characteristics of the lamb meat, including appearance (P = 0.88), goaty aroma (P = 0.89), goaty flavor (P = 0. 0.91), tenderness (P = 0.57), succulence (P = 0.85), and overall acceptance (P = 0.65), were not affected by the inclusion of palm kernel cake in the diets of lambs. The inclusion of palm kernel cake did not affect the physicochemical composition, amount of FAs, sum, ratios or nutraceutical compounds. Based on the global appreciation of goat kid meat, the inclusion of 21% palm kernel cake in the goat kid diet is recommended, as this feed is a by-product that will reduce the total mixed ration cost.
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- 2018
117. Palm kernel cake from the biodiesel industry in diets for goat kids. Part 1: nutrient intake and utilization, growth performance and carcass traits
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B. R. Correia, T.M. Silva, Ariosvaldo Nunes de Medeiros, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Renata Lopes de Oliveira, G. G. P. de Carvalho, and R.D.X. Ribeiro
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Biodiesel ,genetic structures ,040301 veterinary sciences ,education ,0402 animal and dairy science ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Nutrient intake ,Biology ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Crossbreed ,humanities ,0403 veterinary science ,Animal science ,Food Animals ,Palm kernel ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dry matter ,human activities - Abstract
This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that palm kernel cake could be included in diets for goat kids without reducing their growth rate and carcass traits. Forty non-castrated crossbred Boer × indigenous goat kids were supplemented with palm kernel cake at levels of 0, 7, 14 and 21% of the total dry matter (DM) in their diet. Palm kernel cake inclusion in the goat kid diet increased the ether extract (EE; P
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- 2018
118. Effect of ensiling gliricidia with cassava on silage quality, growth performance, digestibility, ingestive behavior and carcass traits in lambs
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Fabiana Lana de Araújo, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Luís Gabriel Alves Cirne, Salete Alves de Moraes, Adriana Regina Bagaldo, S.M. Yamamoto, Daniele Rebouças Santana Loures, A.P.D. Oliveira, and Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira
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biology ,Silage ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Total mixed ration ,Body weight ,biology.organism_classification ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Crossbreed ,Gliricidia ,Animal science ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dry matter ,Gliricidia sepium - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ensiling gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium Jacq.) with cassava on silage quality as well as the growth performance, digestibility, ingestive behavior and carcass traits in lambs. Gliricidia was ensiled with cassava leaves at varying proportions of inclusion (0, 200, 400 and 600 g/kg) for 75 days and fed as a total mixed ration (TMR) at 700 g/kg, while a concentrate mixture was fed at 300 g/kg to 32 castrated Santa Ines crossbred lambs with an average weight of 18.9 ± 2.0 kg. The pH, N-NH3, density, butyric and acetic acid contents and dry matter losses (DML) of the gliricidia silages decreased linearly (P 0.05). However, the weights of the commercial cuts and non-carcass components linearly increased (P
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- 2018
119. Dietary supplementation for Santa Inês hair ewes on pasture at pre- and postpartum periods: dry matter intake, digestibility, milk production, and mineral metabolism
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Jacira Neves da Costa Torreão, Marcos Jácome de Araújo, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Carlo Aldrovandi Torreão Marques, Sheila Vilarindo de Sousa, Isak Samir de Sousa Lima, Tairon Panunzio Dias E Silva, and Fernanda Patrícia Gottardi
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040301 veterinary sciences ,Parathyroid hormone ,Breeding ,0403 veterinary science ,Eating ,Animal science ,Food Animals ,Pregnancy ,Lactation ,medicine ,Animals ,Dry matter ,Micronutrients ,Completely randomized design ,Sheep ,biology ,Reproduction ,Body Weight ,Postpartum Period ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,medicine.disease ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Breed ,Calcium, Dietary ,Milk ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Dietary Supplements ,Osteocalcin ,biology.protein ,Phosphorus, Dietary ,Pregnancy, Animal ,Alkaline phosphatase ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different levels of dietary supplementation and reproductive stages on dry matter intake, digestibility, milk production, and mineral metabolism in Santa Ines hair ewes. Two dietary supplement levels of 0.5 and 1.5%, based on body weight, were used. A total of 12 hair ewes (six subjected to 0.5 and six subjected to 1.5% of concentrate supplementation based on body weight—BW) of the Santa Ines breed were evaluated in a completely randomized design with fixed effects of supplementation level, period, and its interactions. Dry matter intake, digestibility, milk production, and mineral metabolism (calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and osteocalcin (OC)) were assessed. Dry matter digestibility was affected by the supplementation level (during both pregnancy and lactation), with higher values in ewes fed at a level of 1.5% of BW. A significant interaction between treatment × reproductive stages was found for the Mg concentration. A period effect (P
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- 2018
120. Nutritional composition and fermentative characteristics of Massai grass silage added with licuri (Syagrus coronata) cake
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B. R. Correia, Henry Daniel Ruiz Alba, Adriana Regina Bagaldo, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, V. M. Leite, Máikal Sousa Borja, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Ossival Lolato Ribeiro, and Luciano S. Lima
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0301 basic medicine ,Silage ,Forage ,Nutrition ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,Nutrient ,Biofuel ,Dry matter ,Hemicellulose ,Additive ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,biology ,Chemistry ,Forage conservation ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Syagrus coronata ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Neutral Detergent Fiber ,030104 developmental biology ,Megathyrsus maximus ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Ensilage - Abstract
This study evaluated the best level of inclusion of licuri cake (Syagrus coronata) in massai grass (Megathyrsus maximus) silage by chemical composition and fermentation quality of the silage. The experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of Federal University of Bahia. The treatments were composed by massai grass cut at 40 days, chopped and added at levels 0, 80, 160 and 240 g kg DM-1 of licuri cake. After mixing, the material was compressed in experimental silos, which were opened after 76 days. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four treatments and four replications. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and regression. The addition of licuri cake improve linear increase (P < 0.01) in the contents of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, total digestible nutrients, pH, NH3-N, dry matter intake, digestible dry matter and forage value index in massai grass silage There was a linear reduction in the contents of ash, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose and cellulose (P < 0.01). There were no differences on contents non-fibrous carbohydrates (P = 0.356) and acid detergent lignin (P = 0.432). It is recommended the inclusion of licuri cake at level of 240 g kg DM-1 in massai silage, because provided the greatest chemical composition, dry matter intake, digestible dry matter and forage value index.
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- 2018
121. Physicochemical Quality, Fatty Acid Composition, and Sensory Analysis of Nellore Steers Meat Fed with Inclusion of Condensed Tannin in the Diet
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Dante Pazzanese Duarte Lanna, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, T.M. Silva, Luís Fernando Batista Pinto, Rebeca Dantas Xavier Ribeiro, Jusaline F Vieira, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Cláudio Vaz Di Mambro Ribeiro, Susana Melo Gesteira, Elzania Sales Pereira, and Tiago Cunha Rocha
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,0402 animal and dairy science ,food and beverages ,Fatty acid ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Tenderness ,03 medical and health sciences ,Meat tenderness ,chemistry ,Lipid oxidation ,Red meat ,medicine ,Tannin ,Composition (visual arts) ,Condensed tannin ,Food science ,medicine.symptom ,Food Science - Abstract
This study was conducted to test the effect of dietary tannin on the fatty acid profile and sensory attributes of meat from Nellore steers. Thirty-two Nellore bull male were distributed in a completely randomized design and fed diets with condensed tannin extract as follows: 0, 10, 30, and 50 g/kg total DM basis. The physicochemical composition of the meat, lipid oxidation, fatty acid profile, flavor, tenderness, and overall acceptance were evaluated. There was a linear decrease (P ≤ 0.05) on lipid content, tenderness, cooking weight loss, myristic, palmitic, and oleic acids in meat as tannin increased in the diets. The total saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, the atherogenicity index decreased. However, a linear increase (P ≤ 0.05) was observed for linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosapentaenoic acids. The physicochemical characteristic of the meat, such as moisture, ash, and protein contents, water retention capacity, final pH, Warner-Bratzler shear force, collagen, and color indexes (lightness, redness, yellowness, and chrome) did not change with dietary tannin. Also, CLA, n-6:n-3 ratio, Δ9 -desaturase, and elongase activity were not different among diets. In conclusion, condensed tannin linearly increases unsaturated fatty acids and decreases the atherogenicity index of meat; thus, it can be recommended at the highest level (50 g/kg DM) in the diet of Nellore steers. Practical application Agriculture byproducts plays an important part in the diet of ruminant animals and consequently on food chain and has implications for the composition and quality of the livestock products (milk, meat, and eggs) that people consume. Feeding tannin to steers increases the amount of unsaturated fatty acids and meat tenderness, with a concomitant reduction on saturated fatty acids and the atherogenicity index in meat. Thus, we recommend adding tannin to steer diets to reduce the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in red meat for human consumption.
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- 2018
122. The use of targeted selective treatments on controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in different sheep categories under grazing system
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Romilda Rodrigues do Nascimento, Carlo Aldrovandi Torreão Marques, Marcos Jácome de Araújo, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Tairon Pannunzio Dias e Silva, Jacira N.C. Torreão, Luana Araújo Saraiva, and Ricardo Loiola Edvan
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,sheep ,total plasma protein ,040301 veterinary sciences ,proteínas plasmáticas totais ,Cell volume ,ovinos ,categoria animal ,Biology ,animal category ,Egg count ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Animal science ,Grazing ,Selective treatments ,Weaning ,Tratamentos seletivos ,Parasite Infections ,mucosa ocular ,Morning ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,Total plasma ,General Veterinary ,Animal health ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,030108 mycology & parasitology ,grazing system ,gastrointestinal ,eye color ,pastejo ,nematodes ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,verminoses ,nematoides - Abstract
Infections with gastrointestinal nematodes can impair both the animal health and performance. Thereby, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of targeted selective treatments as the FAMACHA© system and faecal egg count on controlling gastrointestinal nematodes in different sheep categories under grazing system. Thirty Santa Inês sheep, six in each category (six weaning, six weaned lambs, six non-pregnant ewes, six pregnant ewes and six lactating ewes were used. Sheep were weighed, and blood and faecal samples were collected on day 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 for determination of faecal egg count (FEC), packed cell volume (PCV), total plasma protein (PPT) and the mucosa colour by FAMACHA© system in the morning (1) and afternoon (2). The faecal egg count was higher (p=0.0039) in weaning and weaned lambs compared to the non-pregnant, pregnant and lactating ewes. Also, FEC differed between ewes with higher counts in lactating ewes. The observation of eye mucosae showed a frequency of 100% of FAMACHA© scores ranged of 2.45 to 2.91 in the morning, differing (p=0.0494) among the categories, where weaned lambs showed better score. The animal categories and period interaction had a significant (p=0.0148) effect on FAMACHA© score 1 with better score in weaned lambs compared to the pregnant ewes at day 0, 15 and 75. In addition, weaned lambs were presented better FAMACHA© score compared with weaning lambs and lactating ewes at day 45 than weaning lambs at day 60 and 75. Packed cell volume in the morning and in the afternoon was influenced by days of collection with lower percentage at 30 days of experiment. The FAMACHA© system seems to be a suitable method to detect parasite infections. However, use of all available methods increases the accuracy of the diagnosis and promotes better control of gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing sheep. RESUMO: Infecções por nematóides gastrointestinais podem prejudicar tanto a saúde como o desempenho animal. Diante disso, objetivou avaliar o uso de tratamentos seletivos como o sistema FAMACHA© e a contagem de ovos por grama de fezes no controle de nematóides gastrointestinais em diferentes categorias de ovinos sob sistema de pastejo. Trinta ovelhas Santa Inês, seis em cada categoria (seis cordeiros lactentes, seis cordeiros desmamados, seis ovelhas não-prenhes, seis ovelhas prenhes e seis ovelhas lactantes) foram utilizadas. Os ovinos foram pesados, amostras de sangue e fezes foram coletadas nos dias 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 para determinação de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG), volume globular (VG), proteínas plasmáticas totais (PPT) e avaliação da mucosa ocular pelo sistema FAMACHA© pela manhã (1) e pela tarde (2). A contagem de ovos por grama de fezes foi maior (p=0,0039) nos cordeiros lactentes e desmamados comparado às ovelhas não prenhes, prenhes e lactantes. Também o OPG diferiu entre ovelhas com maior contagem em ovelhas lactantes. A observação da mucosa ocular mostrou que a frequência do escore FAMACHA© variou de 2,45 a 2,91 pela manhã, diferindo (p=0,0494) entre categorias, aonde cordeiros desmamados mostraram melhor escore. A interação categoria animal e período teve um efeito significante no escore FAMACHA© 1 com melhor escore em cordeiros desmamados comparado às ovelhas prenhes nos dias 0, 15 e 75. Além disso, cordeiros desmamados apresentaram melhor escore FAMACHA© comparado com os cordeiros lactentes e ovelhas lactantes aos 45 dias e com cordeiros lactentes nos dias 60 e 75. O volume globular pela manhã e pela tarde foi influenciado pelos dias de coleta com menor porcentagem aos 30 dias de experimento. O Sistema FAMACHA© mostrou ser um método eficaz para detectar infecções parasitárias. Contudo, o uso de todos os métodos disponíveis aumenta a acurácia do diagnóstico e promove melhor controle de nematóides gastrointestinais em sistemas de pastejo.
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- 2018
123. Maintenance and growth requirements in male and female hair lambs
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R.L. de Oliveira, A. N. de Medeiros, Marcos Inácio Marcondes, Miranda Pereira, A. C. N. Campos, T.L.A.C. de Araújo, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, L. P. da Silva, E. L. Heinzen, Elzânia Sales Pereira, Ivone Yurika Mizubuti, and Antonia Sherlânea Chaves Véras
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Baseline group ,040301 veterinary sciences ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Factorial experiment ,Biology ,Body weight ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Energy requirement ,0403 veterinary science ,Animal science ,Endocrinology ,Food Animals ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Intact male - Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the energy and protein requirements of intact male, castrated male and female Morada Nova lambs. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized 3 × 3 factorial design with three sexes (15 intact males, 16 castrated males and 16 females) and three levels of dietary restriction (ad libitum, 30% and 60% feed restriction) with an initial body weight (BW) of 14.50 ± 0.89 kg. Four animals per sex were slaughtered at the start of the trial as a baseline group. When the mean BW in the ad libitum treatment reached 28 kg, at day 120 of the experiment, all lambs were slaughtered. For all sexes, the net energy requirement for maintenance was 73.0 kcal/kg0.75 empty body weight (EBW)/d (P = 0.17). The metabolizable energy efficiency for maintenance (km) was 0.58. The metabolizable energy efficiency utilization for gain (kg) was 0.36; 0.25 and 0.28 for intact males, castrated males and females, respectively. The net energy requirement for gain (NEg) differed (P
- Published
- 2018
124. Lambs fed cassava silage with added tamarind residue: Silage quality, intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, growth performance and carcass quality
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N. J. A. dos Santos, C. M. Souza, Elzânia Sales Pereira, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Tadeu Vinhas Voltolini, Daniel Ribeiro Menezes, T.M. Silva, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Analívia Martins Barbosa, C. M. SOUZA, UFBA, R. L. OLIVEIRA, UFBA, TADEU VINHAS VOLTOLINI, CPATSA, D.R. MENEZES, UNIVESF, N. J. A. dos SANTOS, UFBA, A.M. BARBOSA, UFBA, T.M. SILVA, UFBA, E.S. PEREIRA, UFC, and L.R. BEZERRA, UFPI.
- Subjects
Nitrogen balance ,Residuo de tamarindo ,Ovino ,Silage ,Carcass ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Biology ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Residue (chemistry) ,Animal science ,Forragem ,Agronomy ,Fiber Gases ,Nutrição animal ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Ruminal fermentation ,Cassava silage ,Tamarindus Indica ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dry matter ,Additive ,Effluent ,Completely randomized design - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects adding tamarind residue to cassava silage on the quality of the silage and its in vitro ruminal fermentation, as well as the growth performance and carcass quality of lambs. A completely randomized design with four inclusion levels (0.00, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg) of tamarind residue (Tamarindus indica L.) added to cassava silage was used. Twenty mini-silos were used to prepare samples of the four treatments (five replicates each), which were opened after 56 days. Forty male lambs were fed cassava silage with added tamarind residue as the roughage and a concentrate (500:500 g/kg of feed) over 85 days. There was no effect of the tamarind residue-added cassava silage on effluent losses and dry matter (DM) recovery rates. However, there were linear and quadratic reductions in pH (P < 0.001) and the crude protein (CP) (P < 0.001), ether extract (EE) (P < 0.001) and ash (P < 0.001) contents and linear and quadratic increases in the DM, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P < 0.001), acid detergent fiber (ADF) (P < 0.001), non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) (P < 0.001), acid detergent lignin (ADL) (P < 0.001), and tannin (P < 0.001) contents. There was a linear increase in the maximum potential gas production from total carbohydrates and the gas production rate from NFCs (P < 0.001). The production rate of total gases (P < 0.001), lag phase duration (P < 0.001) and DM in vitro degradability (P < 0.001) were all reduced with the addition of tamarind residue in silage. There was no effect of the tamarind residue-added cassava silage on DM, CP, NFC or total digestible nutrient (TDN) intakes (g/d). However, there was a linear increase in the NDF intake (P=0.042) and a linear reduction in the EE (P=0.038) intake by lambs. There was an increase in the DM (P < 0.001), CP (P < 0.001), and NDF (P < 0.001) contents. There was linear effect on the DM (P < 0.001), CP (P < 0.001), and NDF (P < 0.001) contents and a positive quadratic on EE (P=0.018) digestibility. There was linear increase in nitrogen (N) fecal excretion (P < 0.001) and a quadratic decrease in N urinary (P=0.018) excretion and N retention (P < 0.001). There was an increase in the hot and cold carcass weights and yields (P < 0.001) and in the Longissimus dorsi area (LDA) (P < 0.001) of the lambs. The addition of 300 g/kg tamarind residue to cassava silage is recommended because it reduces the production of gases and improves the DM content of the diet. In addition, this diet increases the DM in vitro digestibility and intake (DMI), N retention, hot and cold carcass yields, and LDA of lambs. Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-23T16:05:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TVV2017.pdf: 231968 bytes, checksum: c86dc9227d539110d4b208d4eefcac26 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-18
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- 2018
125. Maternal and neonatal behavior as affected by maternal nutrition during prepartum and postpartum period in indigenous sheep
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Veerasamy Sejian, Tairon Pannunzio Dias e Silva, Fernanda Patrícia Gottardi, Carlo Aldrovandi Torreão Marques, Marcos Jácome de Araújo, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Luana Araújo Saraiva, Jacira Neves da Costa Torreão, and Arturene Marques Rocha
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,General Veterinary ,Placental expulsion ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Offspring ,Domestic sheep reproduction ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Biology ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Crossbreed ,Breed ,0403 veterinary science ,Endocrinology ,Animal science ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Weaning ,Postpartum period ,Completely randomized design - Abstract
An intensive period of behavioral interaction between the ewe and the newborn lambs occurs during parturition, usually associated with specific physiological changes. This study was conducted to evaluate the maternal–filial behavior of native breeds given concentrate supplementation, prepartum and postpartum, and outcomes for their crossed Dorper lambs. A total of 52 crossbreed lambs from 36 hair ewes, 20 Santa Ines (SI), and 16 Morada Nova (MN), crossed with a Dorper ram were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 breeds (MN and SI) and 2 treatments (0.5% and 1.5% of concentrate supplementation based on body weight). There was no effect ( P > 0.05) of breed and concentrate supplementation on total lambing time ( P > 0.05) or placental expulsion time ( P > 0.05). Concentrate supplementation did not influence ( P > 0.05) lamb survival at birth and weaning for either breeds. SI ewes had greater maternal behavior scores (MBSs) than did MN ewes indicating better care at the time of lamb identification. The lower MBS for MN ewes may be attributed to complications during the birth. SI and MN ewes had high similarity in several aspects of maternal and neonatal behavior. The level of concentrate supplementation did not affect the ewe behavior, but 0.5% concentrate promotes similar offspring survival at birth and at weaning compared to 1.5% concentrate supplementation.
- Published
- 2018
126. Impact of feed restriction, sexual class and age on the growth, blood metabolites and endocrine responses of hair lambs in a tropical climate
- Author
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Elzânia Sales Pereira, Carla Renata Figueiredo Gadelha, A. C. N. Campos, Luciano Pinheiro da Silva, Karoliny Farias Castelo-Branco, Miranda Pereira, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, and Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Leptin ,Insulin ,medicine.medical_treatment ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Biology ,040201 dairy & animal science ,0403 veterinary science ,Animal science ,Endocrinology ,Food Animals ,Internal medicine ,Tropical climate ,medicine ,Endocrine system ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Blood urea nitrogen ,Completely randomized design - Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feed restriction on the growth, blood metabolites and endocrine responses of hair lambs in a tropical environment. Thirty lambs were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial scheme. Experimental treatments consisted of two sexual classes (15 intact males and 15 castrated males, 13.0 ± 1.49 kg initial BW and two months old), different levels of quantitative feed restriction (FR) (ad libitum, 300 and 600 g/kg) and various ages (14, 19 and 23 weeks). Lamb age influenced the blood leptin (P
- Published
- 2018
127. Palm oil cake in milk production and quality of dairy cows: Systematic review, meta-analysis and principal component analysis
- Author
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Ariosvaldo Nunes de Medeiros, Severino Gonzaga Neto, Ricardo Dias Signoretti, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Edwilka Oliveira Cavalcante, and Girlene Cordeiro de Lima Santos
- Subjects
Food intake ,Animal science ,General Veterinary ,Meta-analysis ,Principal component analysis ,Palm oil ,food and beverages ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Milk production ,Beneficial effects ,Weighted mean difference ,Mathematics - Abstract
Studies have shown beneficial effects of palm oil on the diet of lactating cows, with an increase or maintenance of the nutritional value of milk. However, the high levels of NDF and lignin and the lower concentration of non-fibrous carbohydrates in palm oil cake have shown negative effects on ruminal digestibility and food intake, therefore, on the amount of energy available for milk production. This study aimed to carry out a systematic review, meta-analysis, and principal components analysis to assess the effects of palm oil cake on the milk quality parameters and production by dairy cows. The search resulted in 8 references and 21 eligible studies. The distribution of data for independent variables was explored with BoxPlot. The meta-analysis was used to summarize the grouped effect of palm oil cake on milk production and quality parameters, using the fixed-effect model or random-effects model. The sampling variability assumed in the random-effects model was estimated by Cochran's Q test and the I2 statistic by Higgins and Thompson. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and standardized mean difference (SMD) summarized the size of the palm oil effect on the response variables. The factors involved in the variability expressed in the meta-analysis were investigated with the principal components analysis. The publication bias of the studies was assessed using the test by Begg and Mazumdar (1994) and Egger et al. (1997). The heterogeneity between the studies was nonexistent or very low ( I 2 0,05). In comparison to the control diet, cows fed with palm oil cake showed an increase (0,19%, P
- Published
- 2021
128. Effect of dietary condensed tannins inclusion from Acacia mearnsii extract on the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of lambs
- Author
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Ana Sancha Malveira Batista, R.L. Oliveira, Analívia Martins Barbosa, J.M. da Silva Júnior, Elzania Sales Pereira, J.F. Vieira, E.I. de S. Costa, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, C.V. Di M. Ribeiro, and T.M. Silva
- Subjects
Acacia mearnsii ,Animal science ,General Veterinary ,Proanthocyanidin ,biology ,Water holding capacity ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Inclusion (mineral) ,biology.organism_classification ,Crossbreed ,Flavor - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary condensed tannins (CT) from Acacia mearnsii extract on performance, carcass traits and meat quality of lambs. Forty uncastrated Santa Ines crossbreed lambs were randomly distributed in five diets with 0, 20, 40 and 60 and 80 g CT/kg DM inclusion. The CT inclusion from Acacia mearnsii extract in the diet of lambs quadratically increased (P 0.05) and were better that inclusion of 60 and 80 g CT/kg DM. The CT inclusion did not affect (P > 0.05) protein and ash meta concentration, water holding capacity, C14:0, C18:2cis-9-trans-11, and ∑UFA, ∑SFA: ∑UFA and ∑n-6:∑n-3 ratio. The inclusion of CT from Acacia mearnsii extract in the lamb diet did not affect (P > 0.05) the flavor or overall acceptability of the lamb meat. The LRP analysis demonstrated that the inclusion level 20 g CT/kg DM in lamb diet proportioned greater softness according panelists (P
- Published
- 2021
129. Condensed tannin-amended cassava silage: fermentation characteristics, degradation kinetics andin-vitrogas production with rumen liquor
- Author
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Mário Adriano Ávila Queiroz, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Jaqueline da Silva Trajano, T. V. C. Nascimento, Alita Ruth Ferraz de Lucena, and Daniel Ribeiro Menezes
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Silage ,0402 animal and dairy science ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,0403 veterinary science ,Rumen ,Acetic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,chemistry ,Genetics ,Tannin ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dry matter ,Fermentation ,Condensed tannin ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Completely randomized design - Abstract
The objective of the current research was to evaluate the fermentative characteristics of silage made with the upper third section of cassava (Manihot esculenta) plants with added condensed tannin levels of 0, 25, 50 and 75 g/kg dry matter (DM). The experimental design was a complete randomized design, with treatments arranged in a 4 × 7 factorial (tannin addition levels × days of ensiling). The loss of gas and the presence of moulds observed in the opening days had increased linearly. Fermentative characteristics were decreased by the addition of tannin. Acetic acid content showed a linear increase. Tannin levels had a quadratic effect on gas production at 28 days of ensiling. After 56 days, however, tannin levels had no significant effect on silage gas production. After 28 days of ensiling, the degradability of potentially degradable fraction ‘b’ demonstrated quadratic effect. The same occurred with the fractions ‘a’, ‘b’ which were undegradable after 56 days of ensiling. The addition of condensed tannin lengthened the fermentative stage and caused the silage to stabilize after 56 days of ensiling.
- Published
- 2017
130. Basal diets with different starch contents do not modify the metabolism of ricinoleic acid in dairy goats
- Author
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Marcos Inácio Marcondes, Luciano Pinheiro da Silva, Susana P. Alves, J.D.G. Carvalho, R.J.B. Bessa, Elzania Sales Pereira, Ariosvaldo Nunes de Medeiros, Caio Julio Lima Herbster, J.S.R. Barbosa, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Jocely Gomes Souza, and Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,food.ingredient ,Starch ,Sunflower oil ,Ricinoleic acid ,food and beverages ,Fatty acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,food ,Animal science ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Latin square ,Lactation ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,Dry matter - Abstract
The aims of this study are to evaluate the effects of basal diets and inclusion or not of oil blend on dry matter (DM) and fatty acid (FA) intake, milk yield and FA profile, and metabolism of ricinoleic acid. Eight dairy goats in early lactation (body weight, 40.78 ± 5.14 kg; milk yield, 1.02 ± 0.34 kg/day; days in milk, 27.5 ± 2.25) were assigned to a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two carbohydrate sources (ground corn or citrus pulp) and with or without castor and sunflower oil blend inclusion (20 g/kg of DM). The DM intake (DMI), milk yield, and composition were not affected by the experimental diets (P > 0.05). Goats fed citrus pulp diets containing oil blend had higher 12OH,c9−18:1 intake (P = 0.035). The milk of the goats fed ground corn or blend oil contained higher concentrations of t11−18:1 and c9t11−18:2. The oxo-FA and hydroxy-FA which are ricinoleic acid and derived (RADFA) were detected only in milk of goats fed oil blend and the concentration was approximately 35 mg/g of total FA. The 12OH,c9−18:1 concentration in milk of goats fed the oil blend was approximately 2 % of RADFA, whereas the concentration of 12oxo-18:0 was approximately 67 % of RADFA. The 8-oxo-14:0, 10-oxo-16:0, 12OH-18:0, and the total RADFA concentrations tended to be higher (P
- Published
- 2021
131. Carcass and meat quality in lambs receiving natural tannins from Mimosa tenuiflora hay
- Author
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Iara Cavalcante, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, José Morais Pereira Filho, Juliana Paula Felipe de Oliveira, Ana Carolina Alves de Caldas, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Jarbas M. da Silva Júnior, Joyce Emanuele de Medeiros Fernandes, Marcílio Fontes Cezar, and Daniel Ribeiro Menezes
- Subjects
Mimosa tenuiflora ,biology ,040301 veterinary sciences ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Body weight ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Brachiaria ,0403 veterinary science ,Animal science ,Food Animals ,Hay ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,Dry matter ,Completely randomized design - Abstract
This study evaluated the level of natural tannins from Mimosa tenuiflora hay replacing Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk hay in the diet of lambs on the composition of the carcass tissue, physicochemical properties, fatty acid profile and sensory attributes of lamb meat. A total of 28 uncastrated Santa Ines lambs with initial average body weight (BW) of 28.0 ± 0.5 kg was distributed in a block randomized design with four treatments each [four levels of inclusion of M. tenuiflora hay, providing four different level of tannins at 1.21 (control or without M. tenuiflora hay), 9.3; 17.4 and 25.4 g/kg dry matter (DM) total] and seven replicates. The inclusion of natural tannins from M. tenuiflora hay in the lamb diet resulted in quadratic increases (P
- Published
- 2021
132. Effectiveness of calcium oxide and autoclaving for the detoxification of castor seed meal in finishing diets for lambs
- Author
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Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, A. D. P. Borja, T.M. Silva, N.G. Nascimento Júnior, Máikal Souza Borja, and Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Subjects
Meal ,Chemistry ,business.industry ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Feed conversion ratio ,Biotechnology ,Neutral Detergent Fiber ,Animal science ,Blood chemistry ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,medicine ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dry matter ,medicine.symptom ,Animal nutrition ,business ,Weight gain ,Completely randomized design - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of a detoxification process (calcium oxide (CaO) levels × different autoclaving times) on castor seed meal and to test the effects of diets incorporating detoxified castor seed meal on the performance, digestibility, ingestive behavior, blood concentrations, carcass weight, and in vitro gas production in lambs. Changes in detoxification capacity through the interaction of autoclaving time and the amount of CaO were evaluated by an experiment with a non-detoxified castor seed meal and a 4 × 2 factorial design with four levels of CaO (10, 20, 30 and 40 g/kg) and two autoclaving times (15 and 30 min at 15 psi and 121 °C), with five replicates per treatment. The treatment of castor seed meal with 10 g of CaO/kg and 30 min of autoclaving promoted the disappearance of the bands that represent the ricin subunits of castor seed meal, and this was the most efficient method because it used less CaO. Therefore, this method was used to detoxify the castor seed meal used for the formulation of the experimental diets. Forty crossbred male sheep, with an average weight of 25 ± 3.0 kg, were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments and ten replicates. The diets consisted of 0, 100, 200 and 300 g/kg castor seed meal inclusion (dry matter (DM) basis). The inclusion of up to 300 g/kg castor seed meal in the lamb diets did not affect the daily intake of DM and crude protein (CP), which averaged 1194 and 191 g/day, respectively. However, due to the chemical composition of the castor seed meal, the intake of ether extract and neutral detergent fiber (NDF an ) was increased by approximately 110 g/day, while the intake of non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) was reduced by 95 g/kg. A linear decrease was observed in the digestibility of the DM and NDF an with the inclusion of detoxified castor seed meal. However, the digestibility coefficients of CP and EE did not change. The castor seed meal increased intake and reduced idling times. The performance data of lambs fed diets containing different levels of castor seed meal showed a decreasing linear trend in the final body weight gain and average daily gain, but the concentrations of the hepatic enzymes GGT, AST and ALT were not affected. The use of 10 g/kg CaO with 30 min of autoclaving led to the complete detoxification of the castor seed meal. Thus, the inclusion of detoxified castor seed meal in lambs’ diet, at 200 g/kg, is recommended because it increased performance growth and feed efficiency and did not cause toxicity.
- Published
- 2017
133. Fermentation characteristics and nutritional quality of elephant grass silage added the buriti fruit peel
- Author
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Hermógenes Almeida de Santana Júnior, Raimundo Ribeiro Ferreira, Diego Sousa Amorim, Ricardo Loiola Edvan, Carlo Aldrovandi Torreão Marques, Marcos Jácome de Araújo, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, and Jacira Neves da Costa Torreão
- Subjects
Silage ,020209 energy ,By-product ,In situ degradation ,pH ,Forage ,02 engineering and technology ,Nutrient ,Animal science ,Botany ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Dry matter ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Effluent ,Completely randomized design ,Ammonia nitrogen ,Chemistry ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Forage conservation ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Neutral Detergent Fiber ,Fermentation ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences - Abstract
The objective of this research was to evaluated the inclusion of buriti fruit peel as additive on the fermentation profile, losses, chemical composition and degradability of elephant grass silage. We used a completely randomized design with five levels of buriti fruit peel (0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 g kg-1). The silos were opened after 28 days of storage. In situ degradability monitoring was conducted using a split-plot design in which four animals represented the blocks and silage supplemented with five levels of buriti fruit peel represented the treatments. The use of the additive in elephant silage increased dry matter (DM) (P < 0.001), ether extract (EE) (P < 0.001), ash (P < 0.001), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) (P < 0.001) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) (P= 0.0000). The pH (P= 0.0000), N-NH3 (P = 0.024) and there was a decrease in gas losses (P < 0.001), effluent losses and dry matter recovery (P = 0.218) not were influenced by the addition of buriti fruit peel. The inclusion of buriti fruit peel linearly reduced the ruminal degradability DM of soluble fraction (a) (P < 0.001) and potentially degradable insoluble fraction (b) (P < 0.001). The DM content increase with the addition of the buriti fruit peel to the elephant grass silage promotes improvements in the fermentation process, reduces losses of nutrients and ruminal disappearance of dry matter and does not significantly change the chemical composition with the inclusion of 166.7 g kg-1 of the buriti fruit peel.
- Published
- 2017
134. Effects of quantitative feed restriction and sex on carcass traits, meat quality and meat lipid profile of Morada Nova lambs
- Author
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Luciano Pinheiro da Silva, E. L. Heinzen, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Ivone Yurika Mizubuti, H. C. R. Magalhaes, T. L. A. C. Araújo, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Marília Williani Filgueira Pereira, Elzânia Sales Pereira, and A. C. N. Campos
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Conjugated linoleic acid ,Dietary restriction ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Palmitic acid ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,Hair sheep ,medicine ,Palmitoleic acid ,Food science ,lcsh:SF1-1100 ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Research ,Consumer health ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Fatty acid ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Semi-arid condition ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Oleic acid ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Stearic acid ,lcsh:Animal culture ,Lipid profile ,Lean meat ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Background An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feed restriction (FR) and sex on the quantitative and qualitative carcass traits of Morada Nova lambs. Thirty-five animals with an initial body weight of 14.5 ± 0.89 kg and age of 120 d were used in a completely randomized study with a 3 × 3 factorial scheme consisting of three sexes (11 entire males, 12 castrated males and 12 females) and three levels of feeding (ad libitum – AL and 30% and 60% FR). Results Entire males presented greater hot and cold carcass weights (P 0.05) concentrations, and the concentrations of palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid were higher (P
- Published
- 2017
135. PSXIV-37 Assessment of milk yield, milk composition and urea nitrogen in milk and plasma in lactating buffaloes fed diets with increasing levels of corn plus urea
- Author
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Migson dos Santos Menezes, Tobias Tobit De Barros Melo, Valdi de Lima Júnior, Viviany Lúcia Fernandes Dos Santos, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira, Michelle de Oliveira Maia Parente, and L. A. C. Silva
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Milk yield ,Animal science ,Urea nitrogen ,Chemistry ,Genetics ,Urea ,food and beverages ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,General Medicine ,POSTER PRESENTATIONS ,Food Science - Abstract
Nowadays, the great challenge in the milk activity is to replace the high cost ingredients without affect the performance and milk composition. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of replacement of soybean meal by corn plus urea on milk production, milk composition, nitrogen in milk (UNM) and plasma (UNP) concentrations of lactation buffaloes. Twelve Murrah lactating buffaloes, all multiparous (100 days in lactation; average milk production of 10 kg per day), with initial mean body weight of 650 ± 45 kg were used used in a triple Latin square 4 x 4 experiment. Each period included 13 d for adaptation and 5 for milk collect. The samples of plasma were obtained only in the last day of collect, four hours after feed. The experimental diets (12% CP, DM basis) consisted of increasing levels (0, 33, 66 and 100%) of soybean meal replacement by corn plus urea and the forage: concentrate ratio was 60:40. Orthogonal polynomials for diet responses were determined by linear and quadratic effects (P < 0.05). The increasing levels of corn plus urea did not change (P > 0.05) the milk production (averaging 6.4±0.33 kg/d), fat content (averaging 7.4±0.31%) and protein content averaging (3.8±0.07%) in milk. The UNM (15.29, 15.44, 14.80 and 16.02 mg dL-1 for levels 0, 33, 66 and 100% respectively) and UNP values (18.37, 17.20, 18.79 and 18.16 mg dL-1, for levels 0, 33, 66 and 100% respectively) also did not change with experimental diets and are according with references values for buffaloes. The use of corn plus urea is an alternative for lactating buffaloes’ diets and can be replacing soybean meal at levels up to 100%.
- Published
- 2019
136. Understanding Urea Encapsulation in Different Clay Minerals as a Possible System for Ruminant Nutrition
- Author
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Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Josy Anteveli Osajima, César Viseras, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Jarbas M. da Silva Júnior, Edson C. Silva-Filho, Luciano C. B. Lima, and Fabrícia C. Silva
- Subjects
Pharmaceutical Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,020101 civil engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,urea ,Article ,0201 civil engineering ,Analytical Chemistry ,lcsh:QD241-441 ,Rumen ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,X-Ray Diffraction ,lcsh:Organic chemistry ,Ruminant ,Drug Discovery ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,medicine ,Urea ,Animals ,Food science ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Minerals ,biology ,Chemistry ,Sepiolite ,Organic Chemistry ,Palygorskite ,Nutrients ,Ruminants ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,biology.organism_classification ,Nitrogen ,Thermogravimetry ,Clay minerals ,clay minerals ,Chemistry (miscellaneous) ,Molecular Medicine ,Clay ,encapsulation ,Encapsulation ,Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,0210 nano-technology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Considering the challenges of urea administration due to the high ureolytic activity of the rumen and the importance of its use, as well as taking into account the relevance of sustainably exploiting the technological potential of biodiversity, this research studies the encapsulation of urea in different clay minerals (palygorskite (Pal), sepiolite (Sep), and Veegum®, (V)) as an alternative for use as nonprotein nitrogen (NNP) sources. A method of incorporation was developed in which the encapsulation of urea was proven by X-ray diffraction, fibrous materials, Pal and Sep had similar characteristics due to the decrease in the relative plane intensity (011), suggesting a decrease in the order of their stacking due to the presence of urea on the surface or inside channels. By contrast, V showed a 7.74°, reflection shift, suggesting an increase in basal spacing from 11.45 Å, in V to 14.88 Å, in the sample after urea encapsulation. By thermogravimetry, it was observed that the presence of urea did not change the mass-loss profiles but only increased the percentage of loss in respective events, indicating urea incorporation in the clay minerals. These results provide a promising alternative for administering NNP sources in the ruminant diet.
- Published
- 2019
137. Changes in hematological biomarkers of Nellore cows at different reproductive stages
- Author
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Tairon Pannunzio Dias e Silva, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Marcos Jácome de Araújo, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Wagner Dias Coelho de Oliveira, and Ricardo Loiola Edvan
- Subjects
040301 veterinary sciences ,Physiology ,Biology ,0403 veterinary science ,blood ,Lactation ,medicine ,postpartum ,Mean corpuscular volume ,lcsh:SF1-1100 ,Pregnancy ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration ,prepartum ,bovine ,0402 animal and dairy science ,erythrogram ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,leukogram ,medicine.disease ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Blood proteins ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Blood chemistry ,Animal Science and Zoology ,lcsh:Animal culture ,Hemoglobin ,Postpartum period ,Food Science - Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate changes in hematological biomarkers of Nellore cows at different reproductive stages. Fifteen multiparous cows with 4 ± 1 years of age and live weight of 400 ± 50 kg were used at different stages (non-pregnant, in the initial, middle and late pregnancy, at birth, one day postpartum, 30 and 60 days postpartum). Blood collections were performed every 30 days and assayed for the following hematological biomarkers: hemogram (red blood cells, globular volume, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)) and leukogram (total and differential counts). The erythrogram was influenced (p < 0.001) by the reproductive stages, with variation in the results obtained for the total red cell count, hemoglobin content, globular volume, MCV, MCHC and total plasma proteins. The reproductive stages influenced the leukocyte profile with variation in the total leukocyte count and in the absolute values of neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes and monocytes. Hematological biomarkers of Nellore cows showed significant changes due to the physiological adjustments required in response to the metabolic requirements imposed in the final stage of pregnancy and in the beginning of lactation, ensuring the nutritional contribution in energy and oxygen transported through the blood.
- Published
- 2019
138. Fatty acid, chemical, and tissue composition of meat comparing Santa Inês breed sheep and Boer crossbreed goats submitted to different supplementation strategies
- Author
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Ana Sancha Malveira Batista, Marcílio Fontes Cezar, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Rafael Farias Soares, Kallidiane Vaneska Mendes Fernandes Gama, Marta Suely Madruga, José Morais Pereira Filho, Aderbal Marcos de Azevedo Silva, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, and Maiza Araújo Cordão
- Subjects
Male ,Meat ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Randomized block design ,Biology ,Crossbreed ,0403 veterinary science ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,Food Animals ,Species Specificity ,Animals ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Animal fat ,Sheep ,Goats ,Body Weight ,Fatty Acids ,0402 animal and dairy science ,food and beverages ,Fatty acid ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Animal Feed ,Breed ,Diet ,Oleic acid ,chemistry ,Dietary Supplements ,Body Composition ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid - Abstract
To compare the fatty acid (FA) composition, and chemical and tissue composition of meat, 24 uncastrated males, 12 sheep of the Santa Ines breed, and 12 crossbred goats (F1 Boer × undefined breed) with the weight of 24.3 ± 2.38 kg. The animals were distributed in a randomized block design and treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design, two small ruminant species/breed (Boer crossbreed goat × Santa Ines breed sheep), and two supplementation strategies (energy × protein energy). There was not an interaction between the small ruminant species and the supplementation on average daily gain, tissue composition, chemical composition, or FA profile of the longissimus lumborum muscle. Sheep presented greater weight and yield of fat in the subcutaneous, intermuscular, and total depots than goats, which results in better finishing of the sheep for slaughter. Goat meat presented a lower lipid concentration than sheep meat. The protein-energy supplementation increased oleic acid, ΣUFA, ΣMUFA, hypocholesterolemic/ Hypercholesterolemic index, and enzymatic activity Δ9–desaturase C18 and decreased SFA capric acid in the muscle when compared with energetic supplementation. In Caatinga biome conditions, Boer crossbreed goats meat has a lower concentration of lipids and a healthier FA composition compared with Santa Ines breed sheep because it has a lower SFA and greater PUFA content, which are sources of n−3 and n−6, which may contribute to the reduction of blood cholesterol (LDL). In addition, protein-energy supplementation also improved the quality of animal fat compared with supplementation only with the energetic concentrate, regardless of species.
- Published
- 2019
139. Intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, and nitrogen balance of goats fed with diets containing residue from tamarind fruit
- Author
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T.M. Silva, Analívia Martins Barbosa, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, T. V. C. Nascimento, Willian Pereira Silva, J. M. Galvão, Paulo Roberto Silveira Pimentel, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, and Anny Graycy Vasconcelos de Oliveira Lima
- Subjects
Male ,Nitrogen balance ,Rumen ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Nitrogen ,0403 veterinary science ,Cynodon ,Eating ,Animal science ,Food Animals ,Tamarindus ,Animals ,Dry matter ,Completely randomized design ,Tifton ,biology ,Goats ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Animal Feed ,Breed ,Diet ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Neutral Detergent Fiber ,Fruit ,Hay ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Digestion ,Dietary Proteins ,Tannins - Abstract
This study is aimed at determining the maximum inclusion level of tamarind (Tamarindus indica) residues in the diet of goats on intake, digestibility, ingestive behavior, and nitrogen (N) balance. Twenty-four crossbred (Boer × undefined breed) castrated goat kids (5 months old and with an initial weight of 23.9 ± 0.3 kg) were assigned in a completely randomized design (4 treatments and 6 replicates). Diets consisted of Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.) hay as the roughage (400 g/kg) source and concentrate (600 g/kg); the levels of tamarind residue inclusion were 0.0, 7.0, 14.0, and 21.0% on a dry matter (DM) basis. The experimental period lasted 23 days (15 of adaptation and 8 of sampling). Inclusion of tamarind residue in the goat kid diets did not affect (P > 0.05) the intake and digestibility of DM, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and total digestible nutrient; intake of N, urinary N, and retained N (g/day); time spent ruminating; numbers of times/day feeding, ruminating, or idling; eating efficiency of DM and NDF; number of boluses/day; and amount (g) of DM/bolus. However, there were a linear reduction in ether extract digestibility (P = 0.011) and a linear decreasing trend in non-fibrous carbohydrate digestibility (P = 0.083). The addition of tamarind residue had a positive linear effect (P = 0.041) on the time spent feeding and promoted a decreasing linear trend for the time spent idling (P = 0.063). It is recommended to include the residue from tamarind fruit at a level of 21% in diets for goat kids, as it does not affect nutrient intake and digestibility and the N balance.
- Published
- 2019
140. Effects of the dietary inclusion of babassu oil or buriti oil on lamb performance, meat quality and fatty acid composition
- Author
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Rui J.B. Bessa, Michelle de Oliveira Maia Parente, José de Brito Lourenço Júnior, Aline Vieira Landim, Anderson de Moura Zanine, Karlyene Sousa da Rocha, Henrique Nunes Parente, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Nítalo André Farias Machado, and Susana P. Alves
- Subjects
Male ,Arecaceae ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Attalea speciosa ,Animals ,Plant Oils ,Dry matter ,Food science ,Sheep, Domestic ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Buriti oil ,biology ,Chemistry ,Fatty Acids ,0402 animal and dairy science ,food and beverages ,Fatty acid ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Animal Feed ,Carotenoids ,Babassu oil ,Diet ,Red Meat ,Adipose Tissue ,Saturated fatty acid ,Composition (visual arts) ,Shear Strength ,Food Science ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid - Abstract
The effects of adding babassu oil (BAO) or buriti oil (BUO) to lamb diets, on performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and fatty acid (FA) composition were evaluated. Feeding BAO reduced (P = .02) dry matter intake, kidney fat and dressing percentage, but did not change energy intake and performance. Meat pH, color, protein content and sensorial evaluation were not affected by diet. However, BUO increased (P = .02) intramuscular and subcutaneous fat contents, but decreased shear force. BAO increased (P
- Published
- 2019
141. Protein Supplementation Is Vital for Beef Cattle Fed with Tropical Pasture
- Author
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R. L. Edvan, Raimundo Ribeiro Ferreira, Severino Gonzaga Neto, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Alex Lopes da Silva, and Marcos Jácome de Araújo
- Subjects
geography ,Animal science ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,InformationSystems_INFORMATIONSTORAGEANDRETRIEVAL ,Biology ,Beef cattle ,GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries) ,Protein supplementation ,Pasture - Published
- 2018
142. Dietary replacement of soybean meal with lipid matrix-encapsulated urea does not modify milk production and composition in dairy goats
- Author
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Jaime Miguel de Araujo Filho, André Leandro da Silva, Tatiane Costa, Aderbal Marcos de Azevedo Silva, Amanda Costa Campos, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, José Morais Pereira Filho, and Juliana Paula Felipe de Oliveira
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0303 health sciences ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,Chemistry ,Soybean meal ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Ice calving ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Total dissolved solids ,040201 dairy & animal science ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Animal science ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Latin square ,Lactation ,Urea ,medicine ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,Blood urea nitrogen - Abstract
This study evaluated the performance and quality of milk from dairy goats supplemented with urea protected into lipids matrix microencapsulation for controlled release replacing soybean meal. Eight crossbred Alpine dairy goats, multiparous, with an average lactation stage of 70 ± 5.0 days after calving were distributed in a double latin square design was used with four treatments [SBM = control, soybean meal as nitrogen (N) source; microencapasulated urea using beeswax (BWUME), carnauba wax (CWUME) and vegetable fat (VFUME) as encapsulants], replacing soybean meal at 25 % in goat diets. The BWUME replacing SBM protein improved (P ≤ 0.05) intake of CP, N-total, nitrogen insoluble in acid detergent (NIAD), and EE also improved milk production4% corrected, solids-corrected milk, protein, fat, total solids and defatted dry extract and feeding conversion comparing other microencapsulated systems. BWUME and CWUME presented greater (P ≤ 0.05) crude ash, nitrogen insoluble in neutral detergent (NIND) and NDFap intakes compared to VFUME and SBM. The CWUME and VFUME presented greater and lower DMI and crude energy intakes, respectively comparing to other microencapsulated systems and SBM. The TC and NFC intake were greater (P ≤ 0.05) in SBM and VFUME, and lower for BWUME. The SBM presented greater milk production, lower fat and total solids contents compared to other microencapsulated systems. Hematological parameters and serum protein in goats did not differ among treatments. However, at ½ hour before and 1:30 h (P = 0.023) after feeding, the goats receiving BWUME presented greater (P ≤ 0.05) blood urea nitrogen (BUN) comparing to other diets. At 3:00 h after feeding, the BUN concentrations of the all microencapsulated urea formulations were higher que SBM (P = 0.011). The BWUME inclusion for controlled release replacing 25 % SBM promoted similar milk production, solids content and feeding conversion, as well as greater CP intake, N-intake and fat milk concentration in dairy goats.
- Published
- 2021
143. Intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, serum metabolites and growth performance of lambs supplemented with Acacia mearnsii condensed tannin extract
- Author
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Analívia Martins Barbosa, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, J.M. da Silva Júnior, R.L. Oliveira, C.V.D.M. Ribiero, E.I. de S. Costa, J.F. Vieira, A.G.V. de O. Lima, R.D.X. Ribeiro, and T.M. Silva
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,0303 health sciences ,Nutrient digestibility ,Nitrogen balance ,biology ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,Chemistry ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Body weight ,biology.organism_classification ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Acacia mearnsii ,03 medical and health sciences ,Neutral Detergent Fiber ,Animal science ,Proanthocyanidin ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dry matter ,Condensed tannin - Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the optimal amount of condensed tannins (CT) from Acacia mearnsii extract for inclusion in lamb diets. Forty noncastrated lambs with a mean age of four months and a mean body weight (BW) of 21.5 ± 1.9 kg were randomized into five treatment groups: 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 g CT/kg dry matter (DM). Eight lambs were included in each treatment group to evaluate their intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, serum metabolites and growth performance. Intake of DM, crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDFap), nonfibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and N, N retention, final BW, average daily gain (ADG), and ADG to DMI ratio quadratically (P
- Published
- 2021
144. Effects of condensed tannin-amended cassava silage blend diets on feeding behavior, digestibility, nitrogen balance, milk yield and milk composition in dairy goats
- Author
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A.R.F. de Lucena, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, R.L. Oliveira, Mário Adriano Ávila Queiroz, Daniel Ribeiro Menezes, R.D.X. Ribeiro, Anny Graycy Vasconcelos de Oliveira Lima, and T. V. C. Nascimento
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Nitrogen balance ,Manihot ,Manihot esculenta ,Phenolic compound ,Ruminant ,Nitrogen ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Silage ,SF1-1100 ,Zea mays ,Feed conversion ratio ,Milking ,0403 veterinary science ,Animal science ,Latin square ,Animals ,Lactation ,Proanthocyanidins ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Chemistry ,Goats ,0402 animal and dairy science ,food and beverages ,Feeding Behavior ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Animal culture ,Diet ,Milk ,Digestion ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Composition (visual arts) ,Condensed tannin ,Byproduct - Abstract
Condensed tannins (CTs) are phenolic compounds derived from secondary plant metabolism that act as part of the plant's chemical defense system against pathogen invasion and herbivorous attack. This study aimed to evaluate the intake, digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, production and composition of milk from goats fed cassava silage with added levels of CTs. Eight Anglo-Nubian goats with a mean BW of 40 ± 2.0 kg were distributed in a double Latin square design with four levels of CTs (0, 25, 50 and 75 g/kg DM) with four 20-day periods with 15 days of adaptation and five evaluation days for each period. No differences were observed in DM, NDF, CP intake and feed conversion (grams of DM intake (DMI) per gram of milk produced); however, when expressed as percent of BW, DMI showed a quadratic increase to 29.1 g/kg. As the level of supplemented CTs increased in the diet, the CP digestibility (P = 0.023), NDF (P = 0.044), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC; P = 0.032) and total digestible nutrients (P = 0.033) exhibited a linear decrease. Furthermore, the addition of CTs to cassava silage induced a linear increase in N-fecal excretion (P = 0.014) and a positive quadratic effect on N-retained (P = 0.014) and N-balance (P = 0.024) as well as a positive quadratic trend in N-digested (P = 0.092). Milk urea N (P = 0.023) decreased linearly. The addition of CTs to cassava silage had a positive quadratic effect on ruminating time (P = 0.011). In addition, comparing the use or non-use from the orthogonal contrast test, the inclusion of CTs in goat diet increased water and N-intake, CP and NDF digestibility, spent time eating and ruminating and N-balance and decreased milk production corrected3.5%, fat milk content, milk urea N and dry defatted extract of milk. Thus, adding CTs to cassava silage at 25 g/kg total DM promoted goats' greater use of the diet without impairing feed conversion and the quality of goat milk produced. Dietary levels of 50 and 75 g/kg total DM are not recommended because under the conditions of this study, they reduced the productive efficiency of dairy goats.
- Published
- 2021
145. Effects of licury cake in young Nellore bull diets: salted sun-dried meat is preferred rather than fresh meat by consumers despite similar physicochemical characteristics
- Author
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Ítalo Reneu Rosas de Albuquerque, Dallyson Y.C. Assis, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Ana A L de Gouvêa, Caius Barcellos de Pellegrini, André Gustavo Leão, Tiago Cunha Rocha, and Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics ,biology ,0402 animal and dairy science ,Salting ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Zebu ,Syagrus coronata ,biology.organism_classification ,040401 food science ,040201 dairy & animal science ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Feedlot ,Dry matter ,Food science ,Dried meat ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
BACKGROUND Salted Sun-dried meat is a traditional process of meat salting, which can improve the quality and overall acceptance. This research compared the physicochemical and sensory attributes of fresh and salted sun-dried meat from Nellore Zebu (Bos taurus indicus) bulls (n = 32) and evaluated diets containing different levels (0, 7, 14 and 21%) of licury cake in diets to Nellore finished in feedlot. RESULTS Salted sun-dried meat had decreased moisture (P 0.05). CONCLUSION Licury cake can be used in 21% of dry matter in diets to finish animals in feedlot without depreciate fresh meat or sundried meat. Salted sun-dried meat presented greater overall acceptance.
- Published
- 2016
146. Growth performance, body composition, carcass traits and meat quality of young Nellore bulls fed freshly cut or ensiled sugar cane
- Author
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Clóvis Carlos Silveira Filho, Laila Cecília Ramos Bendia, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Cláudio Teixeira Lombardi, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Carlos Augusto de Alencar Fontes, Tiago Cunha Rocha, and Elizabeth Fonsêca Processi
- Subjects
biology ,Silage ,animal diseases ,0402 animal and dairy science ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Beef cattle ,biology.organism_classification ,Loin ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Saccharum ,Feedlot ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Dry matter ,Food science ,Animal nutrition ,Lactobacillus buchneri - Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of diets with two levels (20 and 50% dry matter (DM) basis) of sugar cane ( Saccharum officcinarum ), either chopped fresh or ensiled with calcium oxide (CaO) and Lactobacillus buchneri as additives, in combination with two concentrate levels (80 and 50% DM basis) on the animal performance, body composition and gains, carcass characteristics and meat quality of young Nellore bulls. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design: 50% freshly cut sugar cane +50% concentrate, 20% freshly cut sugar cane +80% concentrate, 50% sugar cane silage +50% concentrate and 20% sugar cane silage +80% concentrate. Twenty-nine Nellore bulls (300 ± 4.8 kg BW) were used; five bulls were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment and used as reference animals. Bulls remained in the feedlots for 84 days after an adaptation period of 25 days. The interaction of roughage and concentrate was significant for dry matter intake, daily gain of body weight fasting, daily gain of empty carcass weight, daily gain of carcass, slaughter weight and weight of carcass. Dry matter intake was greater in bulls receiving freshly cut sugar cane. Daily gain of carcass, slaughter weight and carcass weight were lower in bulls fed 50% sugar cane silage +50% concentrate. There were no differences in carcass yield ( P = 0.4027) and loin eye area ( P = 0.1005) among the treatments. Backfat thickness was greater ( P = 0.0406) with 80% concentrate. The interaction of concentrate level and roughage type was significant for daily gain of fat and energy, with lower values for bulls fed 50% sugar cane silage +50% concentrate. Thawing ( P = 0.0149), cooking ( P = 0.0352) and total losses ( P = 0.0059) were greater in diets that contained sugar cane silage. There was an increase in shear force ( P = 0.0103) and a decrease in sarcomere length ( P = 0.0061) in bulls fed sugar cane silage, although they remained within the limits that characterized the flesh as soft. Diet was not found to affect the myofibrillar fragmentation index, color index (L*, a* and b*) or the amount of collagen (total and soluble) in beef. Ensiled sugar cane combined with 50% concentrate in bulls fattening in feedlots yielded lower animal performance than 80% concentrate and diets containing freshly chopped sugar cane with 50 and 80% concentrate levels.
- Published
- 2016
147. Carcass traits and meat quality of crossbred Boer goats fed peanut cake as a substitute for soybean meal1
- Author
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R. de C. R. do E. Queiroga, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, T.M. Silva, André Gustavo Leão, A. N. de Medeiros, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Rebeca Dantas Xavier Ribeiro, and S. Gonzaga Neto
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Arachis ,biology ,Bran ,Animal feed ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Soybean meal ,0402 animal and dairy science ,food and beverages ,Fatty acid ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Loin ,040401 food science ,040201 dairy & animal science ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Animal science ,chemistry ,Genetics ,Hay ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Food Science ,Polyunsaturated fatty acid - Abstract
This study aimed to determine the impact of replacing soybean meal with peanut cake in the diets of crossbred Boer goats as determined by carcass characteristics and quality and by the fatty acid profile of meat. Forty vaccinated and dewormed crossbred Boer goats were used. Goats had an average age of 5 mo and an average BW of 15.6 ± 2.7 kg. Goats were fed Tifton-85 hay and a concentrate consisting of corn bran, soybean meal, and mineral premix. Peanut cake was substituted for soybean meal at levels of 0.0, 33.33, 66.67, and 100%. Biometric and carcass morphometric measurements of crossbred Boer goats were not affected by replacing soybean meal with peanut cake in the diet. There was no influence of the replacement of soybean meal with peanut cake on weight at slaughter ( = 0.28), HCW ( = 0.26), cold carcass weight ( = 0.23), noncarcass components of weight ( = 0.71), or muscularity index values ( = 0.11). However, regression equations indicated that there would be a reduction of 18 and 11% for loin eye area and muscle:bone ratio, respectively, between the treatment without peanut cake and the treatment with total soybean meal replacement. The weights and yields of the commercial cuts were not affected ( > 0.05) by replacing soybean meal with peanut cake in the diet. Replacing soybean meal with peanut cake did not affect the pH ( = 0.79), color index ( > 0.05), and chemical composition ( > 0.05) of the meat (). However, a quadratic trend for the ash content was observed with peanut cake inclusion in the diet ( = 0.09). Peanut cake inclusion in the diet did not affect the concentrations of the sum of SFA ( = 0.29), the sum of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA; = 0.29), or the sum of PUFA ( = 0.97) or the SFA:UFA ratio ( = 0.23) in goat meat. However, there was a linear decrease ( = 0.01) in the sum of odd-chain fatty acids in the meat with increasing peanut cake in the diet. Soybean meal replacement with peanut cake did not affect the n-6:n-3 ratio ( = 0.13) or the medium-chain fatty acid ( = 0.76), long-chain fatty acid ( = 0.74), or atherogenicity index values ( = 0.60) in the meat. The sensory attributes of the longissimus lumborum did not differ with the inclusion of peanut cake in the diet as a replacement for soybean meal. These results suggest that based on carcass and meat characteristics, peanut cake can completely substitute soybean meal in the diet of crossbred Boer goats.
- Published
- 2016
148. Effect of multiple stress factors (thermal, nutritional and pregnancy type) on adaptive capability of native ewes under semi-arid environment
- Author
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Veerasamy Sejian, Carlo Aldrovandi Torreão Marques, Jacira Neves da Costa Torreão, Tairon Pannunzio Dias e Silva, Dinesh Kumar Dhanasekaran, Marcos Jácome de Araújo, and Leilson Rocha Bezerra
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Hot Temperature ,Respiratory rate ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Physiology ,Climate Change ,Breeding ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Body Temperature ,0403 veterinary science ,Animal science ,Pregnancy ,Stress, Physiological ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Animal Husbandry ,Twin Pregnancy ,Completely randomized design ,Morning ,Sheep ,Body Weight ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Animal husbandry ,medicine.disease ,Adaptation, Physiological ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Breed ,Endocrinology ,Gestation ,Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ,Female ,Seasons ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of multiple stress factors (thermal, nutritional and pregnancy type) on two different native track breeds of ewes as reflected by their adaptive capability under semi-arid environment. The multiple stressor experiment was conducted in twenty-four ewes (12 Santa Inês and 12 Morada Nova ewes). Both heat stress and pregnancy stress was common to all four groups. However, the animals were divided into further two groups within each breed on the basis of nutrition regimen. According the groupings were: Group 1 (Six Santa Ines ewes; heat stress; nutrition at 0.5% of BW; single pregnancy); Group 2 (Six Santa Ines ewes; heat stress; nutrition at 1.5% BW; twin pregnancy); groups Group 3 (Six Morada Nova ewes; heat stress; nutrition at 0.5% of BW; single pregnancy); Group 4 (Six Morada Nova ewes; heat stress; nutrition at 1.5% BW; twin pregnancy). All the animals in the experiment were pregnant. Heat stress was induced by exposing all animals to summer heat stress in outside environment while the nutritional regimen followed was at 0.5% and 1.5% level of body weight (BW) respectively in each breed. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with two breeds, two nutritional treatments and two pregnancy types, 10 repetitions for physiological parameters and six for blood parameters, with repeated measures over time. Physiological parameters (respiratory rate, pulse rate and rectal temperature) were measured with the animals at rest in the morning and afternoon, 0600-0700 and 1300-1400h, respectively, every seven days. Blood samples were collected every 14d for determination of serum glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, urea and creatinine. We found interaction effect between breed and pregnancy type on respiratory rate and rectal temperature with greater values in Santa Inês ewes than Morada Nova ewes. However, there was no significant fixed effect of pregnancy type and supplementation level on physiological responses of breeds. Environmental factor (period of the day) had influenced the physiological responses of ewes during all gestational period. Santa Inês ewes had greater serum glucose concentration at 105d and 120d of gestation compared to the Morada Nova ewes. Morada Nova ewes had greater concentrations of triglycerides, urea at 120d, 150d and also greater cholesterol at 105d, 135d and 150d of gestation compared with Santa Inês ewes. The present result indicates that thermal condition was most important factor that modified the physiological responses of ewes in a semi-arid tropical environment.
- Published
- 2016
149. Physicochemical composition and ruminal degradability of leucaena ensiled with different levels of buriti fruit peel
- Author
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Ricardo Loiola Edvan, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Carlo Aldrovandi Torreão Marques, Henrique Nunes Parente, Jacira Neves da Costa Torreão, Marcos Antônio da Mota Araújo, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, and Raimundo Ribeiro Ferreira
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Plant Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,040201 dairy & animal science ,01 natural sciences ,Leucaena ,Botany ,Composition (visual arts) ,Food science ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Published
- 2016
150. Intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, performance, and carcass yield of lambs fed licuri cake1
- Author
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Arinalva Maria Silva, Ronaldo Lopes Oliveira, Leilson Rocha Bezerra, Rebeca Dantas Xavier Ribeiro, T.M. Silva, Jonival Barreto Costa, Tiago Cunha Rocha, and André Gustavo Leão
- Subjects
Nitrogen balance ,Meal ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Animal feed ,Chemistry ,animal diseases ,Soybean meal ,0402 animal and dairy science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Feed conversion ratio ,0403 veterinary science ,Animal science ,Genetics ,medicine ,Hay ,Animal Science and Zoology ,medicine.symptom ,Weight gain ,Completely randomized design ,Food Science - Abstract
This study aimed to determine the impact of the inclusion of licuri cake in the diets of crossbred Santa Ines lambs, based on intake, digestibility, N balance, urea N, and performance. We used 44 male lambs that were vaccinated and wormed, with an average age of 6 mo and an average BW of 21.2 kg ± 2.7 kg. The lambs were fed a mixture of Tifton-85 hay (40%) and a concentrated mixture (60%) composed of ground corn, soybean meal, and mineral premix. For the treatments, licuri cake was added at levels of 0, 8, 16, and 24% of DM, with the licuri cake replacing soybean meal and ground corn. We used 11 lambs per treatment in a randomized design. The lambs were confined for 70 d, and the digestibility trial occurred between Day 40 and Day 55. The increased level of licuri cake inclusion promoted a linear reduction in DM intake ( = 0.00) with a 39% reduction between treatments with the 0 and 24% cakes. On the other hand, ether extract () consumption showed an initial quadratic increase ( = 0.00). The total weight gain and ADG showed a linear decrease ( = 0.00) with the addition of licuri cake. The inclusion of licuri cake linearly enhanced ( = 0.02) the digestibility of CP and EE, whereas the digestibility of other nutrients in lambs remained unchanged ( > 0.05). The licuri cake increase led to a linear decrease ( < 0.05) in the N intake, fecal N, and retained N in lambs. Urinary N was not changed. The slaughter carcass weight, HCW, cold carcass weight, hot carcass yield, and cold carcass yield showed linear decreases ( < 0.05) with the addition of licuri cake. Carcass morphometric measurements were influenced by experimental diets, showing linear decreases ( < 0.05) with the addition of licuri cake to diets. The fat thickness, conformation, external length, internal length, leg length, rump width, and chest circumference showed linear decreases ( < 0.05) with the inclusion of licuri cake in diets. The inclusion of licuri cake decreased DMI and digestibility, reflecting the lower ADG. Although feed efficiency was not affected, the lambs weighed less at slaughter and the licuri cake had a negative impact on carcass yield. Therefore, the use of the studied levels of licuri cake in diets for finishing lambs cannot be recommended.
- Published
- 2016
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