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A study investigated the concurrent validity of the cloze test administered with an essay test to Korean university students. Subjects were 129 students enrolled in English-as-a-Second-Language courses in Korea. A seventh-word deleted cloze test and a descriptive essay test were administered. Analysis of results indicate a significant correlation between the two tests, confirming the findings of two previous studies that cloze tests can be used as an alternative to essay tests. Theoretically, the results suggest that writing proficiency may be an important factor in cloze performance. Practically, the results suggest that the cloze procedure may be effective as a teaching device. The cloze test, cloze test instructions, and essay test instructions used are appended. Contains 21 references. (Author/MSE)

The ClC-K channels CLCNKA and CLCNKB are crucial for the transepithelial transport processes required for sufficient urinary concentrations and sensory mechanoelectrical transduction in the cochlea. Loss-of-function alleles in these channels are associated with various clinical phenotypes, ranging from hypokalemic alkalosis to sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) accompanied by severe renal conditions, i.e., Bartter's syndrome. Using a stepwise genetic approach encompassing whole-genome sequencing (WGS), we identified one family with compound heterozygous variants in the ClC-K channels, specifically a truncating variant in CLCNKA in trans with a contiguous deletion of CLCNKA and CLCNKB. Breakpoint PCR and Sanger sequencing elucidated the breakpoint junctions derived from WGS, and allele-specific droplet digital PCR confirmed one copy loss of the CLCNKA_CLCNKB contiguous deletion. The proband that harbors the CLCNKA_CLCNKB variants is characterized by SNHL without hypokalemic alkalosis and renal anomalies, suggesting a distinct phenotype in the ClC-K channels in whom SNHL predominantly occurs. These results expanded genotypes and phenotypes associated with ClC-K channels, including the disease entities associated with non-syndromic hearing loss. Repeated identification of deletions across various extents of CLCNKA_CLCNKB suggests a mutational hotspot allele, highlighting the need for an in-depth analysis of the CLCNKA_CLCNKB intergenic region, especially in undiagnosed SNHL patients with a single hit in CLCNKA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to examine the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in girls with central precocious puberty. Method: Girls with central precocious puberty were prospectively recruited from the pediatric clinic. Screening was done with ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS) and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Those who screened positive on ADHD-RS were referred for the diagnostic evaluation which included a Computerized Performance Test (CPT) and a clinical interview conducted by a child adolescent psychiatrist. Results: Among the 81 girls (mean age = 8.97 ± 0.91) who completed the study, 11 girls (13.58%) were diagnosed with ADHD: 5 of them were inattentive type and 6 of them were combined type. Conclusion: The present exploratory study showed that the prevalence of ADHD in girls with central precocious was higher than the known worldwide prevalence of ADHD in children [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hooking up is a popular trend on college campuses (Victor, 2012). Traditionally, hooking up has been viewed as a sexual risk behavior and research has focused on implications such as the spread of sexually transmitted infections (ST1) or unintended pregnancy (Downing-Matibag & Geisinger, 2009). However, hookup behavior may also influence attitudes toward future romantic relationships and young adult perceptions of their ability to be in romantic relationships (Riggio, Weiser, Valenzuela, Lui, Monies & Heuer, 2009; Sassier, 2010). In addition, gender plays a critical role in heterosexual hookup behavior, since there is often a power differential present (Cook-Lindsay, 2013: Lovejoy, 2015), and must be closely examined. Thus, this literature review seeks to examine heterosexual hookup behavior and future romantic relationships. We suggest that hookups are linked to future romantic relationships through romantic relationship self-efficacy, or one's perception of their ability to be in a romantic relationship (Riggio et al., 2013). In addition, upon our review, there are clear gender differences in perceptions of heterosexual hookups which may contribute to perceptions of future romantic relationships. This is discussed in depth and suggestions for future research are provided., The nature of relationships, romantic or otherwise, is more diverse today than in previous decades (Stinson, 2010). Heterosexual marriage rates have declined, individuals are waiting longer to marry, and both [...]

Author(s): Maja Milanovic [1]; Dorothy N. Y. Fan [1, 2, 3, 4]; Dimitri Belenki [1]; J. Henry M. Dbritz [1]; Zhen Zhao [5]; Yong Yu [6]; Jan R. Drr [1]; [...]