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The emergence of digital twins has ushered in a new era in civil engineering with a focus on achieving sustainable energy supply, real‐time sensing, and rapid warning systems. These key development goals mean the arrival of Civil Engineering 4.0.The advent of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) demonstrates the feasibility of energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental elements comprising civil infrastructure, encompassing various structures such as buildings, pavements, rail tracks, bridges, tunnels, and ports. First, an elaboration is provided on smart engineering structures with digital twins. Following that, the paper examines the impact of using TENG‐enabled strategies on smart civil infrastructure through the integration of materials and structures. The various infrastructures provided by TENGs have been analyzed to identify the key research interest. These areas encompass a wide range of civil infrastructure characteristics, including safety, efficiency, energy conservation, and other related themes. The challenges and future perspectives of TENG‐enabled smart civil infrastructure are briefly discussed in the final section. In conclusion, it is conceivable that in the near future, there will be a proliferation of smart civil infrastructure accompanied by sustainable and comprehensive smart services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine‐learning‐enhanced nanosensors are rapidly emerging as a promising solution in the field of sensor technology, as traditional sensors encounter limitations of data analysis in their development. Since the inception of machine‐learning algorithms being applied to enhance nanosensors, they have gained significant attention due to their adaptive and predictive capabilities, which promise to dramatically improve efficiency in data collection and processing applications. Herein, a comprehensive overview of technological innovation is provided by reviewing the latest developments in cloud computing, edge computing, and the burgeoning realm of neuromorphic computing. Cloud computing has emerged as a powerhouse, harnessing formidable computational capabilities to process vast volumes of high‐dimensional data. Then, the research directions for various applications of these cloud artificial intelligence (AI)‐enhanced nanosensors are outlined. Moreover, the integration of AI and nanosensor technology into chip‐level edge computing, although promising, still faces challenges such as energy‐efficient hardware development, algorithm optimization, and scalability for mass production. Finally, a forward‐looking perspective on the future of machine‐learning‐enhanced nanosensors is provided, delineating the challenges and opportunities for further research and innovation in this exciting field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral metamaterials play vital roles in manipulating the circular polarization of electromagnetic waves. Although planar chiral metamaterials are believed to have no true/intrinsic chirality, the design of structural anisotropy can still create enormous circular dichroism, while the mechanism is fully explored. Here, for the first time, it is observed that strong near‐field coupling induces less chiral response in chiral metamaterials. Selective exposure methods to manipulate the near‐field coupling strength, and experimentally validate the circular dichroism difference from tailored near‐field coupling effect are leveraged, which provides strong evidence for the assumption and can be utilized for the structural design framework. Besides, using the enhanced near‐field (over 750‐fold), surface‐enhanced vibrational circular dichroism (SEVCD) for glucose enantiomers, which shows a larger‐than‐one normalized sensitivity compared with metamaterials with chiral response is demonstrated. Furthermore, The potential of SEVCD by detecting a broadband signal using arrayed metamaterials is explored. These findings pave the way toward chiroptical nanophotonic designs for potential biomedical and healthcare applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) that are the wonder material of the 21st century consist of metal ions/clusters coordinated to organic ligands to form one‐ or more‐dimensional porous structures with unprecedented chemical and structural tunability, exceptional thermal stability, ultrahigh porosity, and a large surface area, making them an ideal candidate for numerous potential applications. In this work, the recent progress in the design and synthetic approaches of MOFs and explore their potential applications in the fields of gas storage and separation, catalysis, magnetism, drug delivery, chemical/biosensing, supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries and self‐powered wearable sensors based on piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators are summarized. Lastly, this work identifies present challenges and outlines future opportunities in this field, which can provide valuable references. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]