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The present invention relates, in general, to analog-to-digital conversion and, in particular, to an analog pre-processing circuit for analog-to-digital converters of a folding type. In particular, the present invention proposes providing an improved analog pre-processing circuit, which exploits devices that are readily available on the market and can be easily manufactured using the integrated technology. The aforesaid aim is achieved by the present invention in so far as it relates to an analog pre-processing circuit for an analog-to-digital converter of a folding type and to n analog-to-digital converter of a folding type, according to what is defined in the annexed claims.

A new inexpensive vineyard protection against hailstorm has been realized and tested. The system has been designed and organized in such a way to perform autonomously local activities to physically control the protection of the vineyard but also to transmit information toward a remote control. Each row has an “umbrella” designed by the authors which, unlike other commercial solutions, protects the product without hindering all the mechanical activities typical of a modern vineyard. Locally the single umbrella uses an electronic card for the management and a ZigBee mesh telecommunication network to transmit data to a central control unit which manages the protection. Because of its efficiency, a Raspberry-Pi control card has been chosen as central unit. Finally, a WiMAX connection was chosen to remotely control the system, thus allowing the authors to overcome distance limitations of commercial Wi-Fi networks. The system has been realized and tested for some months in field also during a hailstorm. The results of these tests proved how the system is easy to use and effectively protects against hail; moreover the authors proved the high reliability of the mechanical components which allow the authors to lower the maintenance costs.

In this article we report the progress made in CO2 sequestration research via formation of. synthetic carbonates and explore the engineering aspects of the proposed methodology. The. approach to synthesize carbonates involves the reaction of a flux of CO2 with Mg-chloride. solution at room temperature. The kinetics of the carbonation reactions demonstrate that: a). in the experiments performed in solutions having both 7 and 16 g L−1 of Mg the rapid. formation of nesquehonite occurred; b) in the experiments with 32 g L−1 of Mg an initial. precipitation of chlorartinite was followed by the formation of nesquehonite and a minor. amount of lansfordite. Carbonation via magnesium chloride aqueous solutions at standard. conditions, here reported, represents a simple and permanent method of CO2 trapping in solid. form. It could be applied at point-sources of CO2 emission and could involve rejected brines. from desalination plants and other saline aqueous wastes. Other various aspects such as the. influence of the salinity of the solution on the efficiency of carbonation and the kinetics of. the reaction are also discussed.

A novel method to synthesize nesquehonite, MgCO3·. 3H2O, via reaction of a flux of gaseous CO2 with Mg chloride solution at ambient conditions, performed using a reactor, is here described. The reaction rate of the process is rapid, with deposition of abundant carbonate in few minutes. The results of a multi-disciplinary methodology, including SEM-EDAX, XRD,. ICP-AES and thermal analysis, suggest that the application of our method at industrial scale can be considered. Moreover, the. possibility to involve in the process saline wastewater as source of. Mg makes the method a promising complementary solution in the sequestration of anthropogenic CO2 at the expense of saline wastewater.

Scopo dell'invenzione è quello di fornire un circuito di pre-elaborazione analogica per convertitori analogico-digitali di tipo folding che sia in grado di alleviare gli svantaggi tipici di questa famiglia. In particolare, la presente invenzione si prefigge di fornire un circuito di pre-elaborazione analogica migliorato che sfrutta dispositivi facilmente reperibili in commercio e facilmente realizzabili in tecnologa integrata.

The article describes the hardware and software of the instrument placed in some European countries able to collect Power Quality (PQ) data. These instruments are provided by one of the bigger UPS farmer in the world. The collected data have been analyzed by Roma Tre University that has elaborated some statistical evaluation of the European PQ. Some economical evaluation on the industrial productivity, connected with the lack of PQ, are also presented. It is also shown a possible creation, in the future, of new corporations able to face PQ problems with the aim to provide new kind of service for those customers particularly sensible to PQ.

Nell'ambito della conservazione dei beni culturali l'accumulo di polveri costituisce un grave problema. Le sue interazioni con i manufatti sono molteplici e i danni che essa può provocare sono notevoli.

In electrical energy power network, disturbances can cause problems in electronic devices therefore their monitoring is fundamental to properly design the protection and compensation devices. In this paper we address the problem of disturbances’ detection by using two different signal processing methods: Wavelets and Hilbert Transform (HT). Methods were tested under different conditions of noise and harmonic distortion (THD) showing the Hilbert Transform can be used as a valid approach for this type of phenomena.

A classification procedure based on timefrequency decomposition of the signal is presented. Parametric spectral ESPRIT method is used for estimation of relevant parameters of signal components and specific areas of the time-frequency plane are chosen, where the signal is expected to show most characteristic patterns. Classification is based on timedomain correlation of reconstructed signals. It is applied to event classification of non-stationary electric signals obtained from a simulated power converter.

Nell'ambito della conservazione dei beni culturali, l'accumulo di polveri costituisce un grave problema. Le sue interazioni con i manufatti sono molteplici e i danni che essa può procurare sono considerevli

In electrical energy power networks, disturbances can cause problems in electronic devices so their monitoring is fundamental in Power Quality. In this paper we address the problem of disturbances estimation by using the Hilbert Transform (HT). It is employed as an effective technique for tracking the voltage waveforms in electrical distribution systems. The mathematical simplicity of the proposed technique, compared with the commonly used algorithms from the literature, renders them competitive candidate for the on-line tracking of disturbances. The accurate tracking of the HT facilitates its implementation for the control of disturbances mitigation devices. Simulation results are provided to verify the tracking capabilities of the algorithm and this has been tested under different conditions: voltage dip with phase jump, noise and frequency changes shows that the Hilbert Transform can be used as a valid methodology for this type of phenomena.

Si descrive un sistema interconnesso di reti neuronali pr la previsione del carico di stazioni per telecomunicazioni

This paper describes a neural network system for power electric load forecasting of telecommunication station. Getting an accuracy useful for contractual purpose a separately daily forecast of both main load and its oscillation is proposed. For the mean daily forecast we used a three layers multilayer perceptron (MLP), while to the oscillation forecasting we realized a system composed by a MLP and a self organizing map (SOM): the typology information obtained by the SOM unsupervised algorithm has been utilized as binary code in MLP input. The proposed system with hourly power load data of a big telecommunication operator has been tested. The total forecast has been obtained combining the two components. The forecasting accuracy for a whole year test data is around 2%. Some problem exists in the forecasted load of summer time.

Power Quality (PQ) measurements for low voltage (LV) customers, domestic and business, have been carried out in order to detect the behaviour of the electric net over time and the quality of the electric energy being bought. In order to measure PQ parameters, we realized an instrument based on web server personal computers, which are common in office or in domestic environment. This allows us to conjugate the high PC calculus capability with the possibility to send data via internet to a central server; moreover, the use of the existing hardware infrastructure makes the instruments extremely cheap.

The description of perceived power quality state of art is presented. The necessity to satisfy a constant demand of quality in the electric energy field is faced presenting the procedure that should be followed to safeguard the economic interests of the electric energy customers is pointed out with the remarkable byproduct to increase the diffusing of the Knowledge of the electric energy by customers.

This paper proposes a first example of power quality data of four sites placed in Rome. The data are collected, elaborated and analyzed by four self made instruments, developed for this purpose, placed in four telecommunication exchanges. The presented data show as the quality of the energy can be evaluated in real time allowing technical interventions able to prevent possible damaging or unwanted stops of the system. Moreover it can suggest a new formulation of electric customer-producer agreement based on quality parameters.

The Perceived Power Quality by costumers has been faced, starting from ISO 9000 Quality definition. An experimental investigation is presented on customers of Rome (Italy). By the results one demonstrates that fluxes of parameters defined on own manner by costumers, can be determined.

The possibility to use the Curve Fitting Algorithm (CFA), for the Power Quality (PQ) parameters valuation foreseen by the EN 50160 Rule, is faced in terms of frequency determination. The comparison between the loop algorithm performance in the frequency determination and the thrown one, using a Taylor Series, truncated in terms of foreseen uncertainty, is presented.

Many computing techniques are used to evaluate Power Quality parameters, each showing specific advantages and disadvantages. This paper presents an improvement of Curve Fitting Algorithm (CFA) having good accuracy in the estimation of the signal’s power quality parameters

Quality parameters, each showing specific advantages. This paper presents an improvement of Curve Fitting Algorithm (CFA), having good accuracy in the estimation of the signal’s power quality parameters, in order to compare the Perceived Power Quality of complex networks electric systems explored, out of line, by a questionnaire supplied to people Pertaining to the Technology of Commerce that operate as a Filter

A procedure to identify useful echoes parameters pre-estimation in an ultrasonic signal, to allow the application off line of a Modified Maximum Likelihood Estimator (M.L.E.) [1] as been faced. An experimental application, utilizing an ultrasonic medical scanner, sampled by an acquisition board is also presented.

The UMTS appear to be the communication system of the next future. In this system all the communication services will be included. This means that the Quality of Service (QoS) will have a great importance. So is envisaged that the management of the system will take in account the momentary system capabilities continually determined in real time. Until now, the quality of the links is determined by end-to-end in line procedures based on Bit Error Rate (BER) measurements. It is clear that an end-to-end procedure cannot detect the worse section of the link. To overcome this inconvenient the more recent trend of QoS management is to realise a distributed monitoring of the whole system. Following this last trend this paper proposes a distributed off-line monitoring of the system based on the analysis of the Quality of Analog Signal (QoAS). This proposed analysis implies a high-speed analog to digital conversion of the Intermediate Frequency signal and a very complex processing. In this paper, the state-of-the-art researches performed in this perspective are described.

The multipath echoes is a problem in the interpretation of the image of an echographic machine, particularly when high accuracy measurements must be done, in medical compass, of very light structures. The problem is about the determination, with great accuracy of only useful echoes, by the fact Modified Maximum Likelihood Estimator, able of a great positioning accuracy, requires a long computing time. The preventive determination of useful echoes became crucial for the possible application of the algorithm. In the paper is presented a statistic procedure to identify such useful echoes operating on distribution of samples applied to an experimental case.