Search

In this paper, we propose an approach based on ensemble learning to classify histology tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The proposal was applied to representative images of colorectal cancer, oral epithelial dysplasia, non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, and liver tissues (the classification of gender and age from liver tissue samples). The ensemble learning considered multiple combinations of techniques that are commonly used to develop computer-aided diagnosis methods in medical imaging. The feature extraction was defined with different descriptors, exploring the deep learning and handcrafted methods. The deep-learned features were obtained using five different convolutional neural network architectures. The handcrafted features were representatives of fractal techniques (multidimensional and multiscale approaches), Haralick descriptors, and local binary patterns. A two-stage feature selection process (ranking with metaheuristics) was defined to obtain the main combinations of descriptors and, consequently, techniques. Each combination was tested through a rigorous ensemble process, exploring heterogeneous classifiers, such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbors, Logistic Regression, and Naive Bayes. The ensemble learning presented here provided accuracy rates from 90.72% to 100.00% and offered relevant information about the combinations of techniques in multiple histological images and the main features present in the top-performing solutions, using smaller sets of descriptors (limited to a maximum of 53), which involved each ensemble process and solutions that have not yet been explored. The developed methodology, i.e., making the knowledge of each ensemble learning comprehensible to specialists, complements the main contributions of this study to supporting the development of computer-aided diagnosis systems for histological images.

In this work, a computational scheme is proposed to identify the main combinations of handcrafted descriptors and deep-learned features capable of classifying histological images stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The handcrafted descriptors were those representatives of multiscale and multidimensional fractal techniques (fractal dimension, lacunarity and percolation) applied to quantify the histological images with the corresponding representations via explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) approaches. The deep-learned features were obtained from different convolutional neural networks (DenseNet-121, EfficientNet-b2, Inception-V3, ResNet-50 and VGG-19). The descriptors were investigated through different associations. The most relevant combinations, defined through a ranking algorithm, were analyzed via a heterogeneous ensemble of classifiers with the support vector machine, naive Bayes, random forest and K-nearest neighbors algorithms. The proposed scheme was applied to histological samples representative of breast cancer, colorectal cancer, oral dysplasia and liver tissue. The best results were accuracy rates of 94.83% to 100%, with the identification of pattern ensembles for classifying multiple histological images. The computational scheme indicated solutions exploring a reduced number of features (a maximum of 25 descriptors) and with better performance values than those observed in the literature. The presented information in this study is useful to complement and improve the development of computer-aided diagnosis focused on histological images.

The social contribution of higher education institutions (HEIs) tends to be constrained as a description of HEI activities in terms of outcomes, but no examination of how HEIs face societal problems through collaborative activities has been addressed. One way to explore social strategy pursued by HEIs is through the analysis of their strategic plans. We analyze the strategic plans of public HEIs in Portugal and Spain due to their similarities after the 2008 international financial crisis, which led to a major recession and gave rise to social actions to address societal problems. In doing so, we propose a framework that could guide future research in providing empirical evidence on the formulation, articulation, and implementation of social issues in institutional strategic plans. We interviewed HEI representatives to confirm some of our findings, highlighting several factors that enhance or suppress the attainment of social issues. Our research shows that HEI responses to social commitment differ according to each institution’s regulations and social circumstances. We aspire to encourage management scholars to engage in tackling social strategy through their collaborative activities.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is considered an endocrine-disrupting compound and can cause toxicological effects, even at low doses. The development of sensitive and reliable sensors that would allow the detection of such contaminant is highly pursued. Herein, we report an electrochemical sensing strategy based on a simple and low-cost nanocomposite film sensor platform for BPA detection. The platform was developed by modifying a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode with layer-by-layer (LbL) films of chitosan (Chi) and gold nanoparticles functionalized with a polythiophene derivative (AuNPs:PTS). The growth of the Chi/AuNPs:PTS LbL films was monitored by UV–Vis spectroscopy. Electrochemical characterization revealed that the three-bilayer film exhibited the highest electrocatalytic performance and differential-pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements demonstrated that the modified electrode was suitable for BPA detection through a quasi-reversible and adsorption-controlled electrochemical oxidation and reduction process. The developed sensor exhibited a linear response range from 0.4 to 20 μmol L−1, with a detection limit of 0.32 μmol L−1. The sensor showed good reproducibility with relative standard deviations of 2.12% and 3.73% to intra- and inter-electrode, respectively. Furthermore, the platform demonstrated to be suitable to detect BPA in real water samples, as well as selective for BPA detection in solutions with 100-fold excess of common interfering compounds.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the oral health and related factors among people with visual impairment in a municipality in southeastern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive household study was carried out on a representative sample of people with visual impairments in a medium-sized city in Brazil. A clinical-dental examination was performed (evaluating tooth loss, caries, periodontal health, dental plaque use and need of prosthesis) and a semistructured questionnaire was applied, investigating the socioeconomic conditions (sex, age, marital status, skin color and income) and the use of dental services (reason, time since, and type of service used [private/public] in last dental visit). Descriptive and bivariate analysis were performed to asses the factors related to oral health. Results: The mean age of participants was 65 years (±15.05), with the majority women (70.9%). 53.1% of the interviewees were edentulous, but 58.2% had a good perception of oral health. The blind ones use less public services (p=0.038) and with a lower frequency (p=0.014) than subjects with low vision. Those with less schooling had higher tooth loss and lower periodontal problems (p

O manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L), é um arbusto herbáceo pertencente à família Lamiaceae. No Brasil é cultivado para fins comerciais, como planta ornamental, medicinal e aromática. Sendo assim, o trabalho objetivou avaliar a melhor forma de propagação vegetativa de manjericão (O. basilicum L) por estacas de diferentes posições cultivadas sob diferentes substratos. Foram testados cinco tipos de substratos (areia, solo, solo+areia, solo+esterco com serragem, solo+esterco) e três partes vegetativas da planta (apical, medial, basal) com aproximadamente 12,5cm de comprimento em tubetes 55cm³. O delineamento utilizado foi de inteiramente casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas e mantidas em sombrite (50% de sombreamento). Após cinquenta e oito dias foram avaliados os comprimentos e o número das raízes e altura de planta. Com base nos resultados apresentados no presente trabalho pode se afirmar que as melhores mudas foram feitas a partir da parte apical da planta e com o substrato composto apenas de solo.

Abstract Body temperature has relevant effects on the immune response. Here, we characterized the thermal biology and health condition of the viviparous lizard Liolaemus kingii from Patagonia (Argentina), by studying field body temperatures, presence of injuries or ectoparasites, body condition (BC), and individual immune response capacity with the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin-swelling assay. In addition, we analyzed the effects of injections of a bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) on the preferred temperature (Tp) and BC of adult males and newborns. The PHA treatment caused detectable thickening at 2 and 20 hours post-assay in males, indicating a significant immune response related to an increase in cellular activity. LPS-challenged lizards thermoregulated accurately and at stable body temperatures within the 50% interquartile of Tp (Tset) over the 72-hour period while the control group showed a more variable and lower Tp. Exposure to LPS negatively affected the BC of newborns, whereas it did not affect the BC of adult males. LPS challenges, used as a proxy of pathogen exposures to study lizard behavioral thermoregulation, constitute a practical approach to assess the immunological constraints lizards from high-latitude regions may face due to global warming and anthropogenic disturbances.

Feedlot cattle are usually adapted to high-concentrate diets containing sodium monensin (MON) in more than 14 days. However, considering that the dry matter intake DMI is usually lower during adaptation when compared to the finishing period, the use of MON during adaptation may decrease even further the DMI, and virginiamycin (VM) may be an alternative. This study was designed to investigate the effects of shortening the adaptation length from 14 to 9 or 6 days on ruminal metabolism, feeding behavior, and nutrient digestibility of Nellore cattle fed high-concentrate diets containing only VM as the sole feed additive. The experimental design was a 5 × 5 Latin square, where each period lasted 21 days. Five 17 mo-old Nellore yearling bulls were used (415 ± 22 kg of body weight), which were assigned to five treatments: (1) MON (30 mg/kg) and adaptation for 14 days; (2) MON (30 mg/kg) + VM (25 mg/kg) and adaptation for 14 days; (3) VM (25 mg/kg) and adaptation for 14 days; (4) VM (25 mg/kg) and adaptation for 9 days, and (5) VM (25 mg/kg) and adaptation for 6 days. A quadratic effect for adaptation length when only VM was fed was observed for mean pH (P = 0.03), duration of pH below 5.2 (P = 0.01) and 6.2 (P = 0.01), where cattle consuming VM adapted for 9 days had higher mean pH and shorter period of pH below 5.2 and 6.2. Cattle that consumed only MON had a lower concentration of butyrate (P = 0.02) and a higher concentration of propionate (P = 0.04) when compared to those consuming VM and adapted for 14 days. As the adaptation length decreased for animals consuming only VM, the rumen degradability of dry matter (P < 0.01), neutral detergent fiber (P < 0.01), and starch (P < 0.01) decreased; however, protozoa numbers of Entodinium and total protozoa increased. It is not recommended to shorten the adaptation length of these animals to either 6 or 9 days without negatively impacting nutrient disappearance and ruminal fermentation patterns.

Introduction and Objectives: Selecting an empiric antibiotic treatment in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial infections is challenging. It is of paramount importance to have local epidemiological data to maximize pathogen coverage while minimizing the unnecessary use of broad-spectrum antibiotics. This study aimed to describe the patterns of antibiotic resistance of spontaneous bacterial infections according to the site of acquisition. Materials and Methods: Analysis of the multicenter prospective cohort study of cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections in Argentina and Uruguay (NCT03919032). Only culture-positive spontaneous infections were included in this study: spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), spontaneous bacterial empyema (SBE), and spontaneous bacteremia (SB). We estimated the proportion of infections that were sensitive to various antibiotics according to where the infection was acquired: community-acquired (CA), healthcare-associated (HCA), or nosocomial (NOS). Approximately 80% coverage is advisable for empiric treatments in stable patients and 90% for critically-ill patients. Results: The main cohort included 472 patients, of whom 97 presented culture-positive spontaneous infections and were included: with 57 (59%) SBP, 34 (35%) SB, and 4 (6%) SBE. Regarding the site of acquisition, 43% were CA, 36% NOS, and 21% HCA. Gram-positive and negative bacteria were found in 53% and 47% of the infections. The most frequent isolations were Streptococcus spp (26%), E coli (20), K pneumonia (15%), S Aureus (10%), E. faecium (6%) and E. faecalis (4%). Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) were isolated in 35% of the patients. As shown in the table, cefepime and ceftriaxone offer the most rational coverage for CA and HCA infections, and imipenem or meropenem for NOS infections. However, in critically-ill patients, broader-spectrum antibiotics are needed to achieve a coverage closer to 90% (table). Conclusions: We present, for the first time in our region, evidence-based recommendations for the empirical treatment of spontaneous bacterial infections. Prior colonization and/or infections by MDROs might refine even more the antibiotic selection and should be explored.

ABSTRACT: Agriculture is central in Brazil’s political and socioeconomic history; agricultural exploitation is mainly conducted by families, creating a type of agriculture developed in small rural properties named family farming. In Brazil, family farming accounts for a very diverse group of businesses, of which 91% of all the establishments are family establishments that build different production strategies according to different degrees of potentiality and precariousness. This study evaluated the role of rural credit policies in developing family farming activities with agricultural income generation in northeastern Brazil on various family-based farms. For this, the authors conducted a case study in Pernambuco, analyzing the spatial relationship between the distribution of family farms and the access to credit resources from the National Program to Strengthen Family Farming from 2006 to 2017 and the change probabilities in types of farms considering the next 10 years, given the maintenance of conditionsreported in the analyzed period. Results indicatedthe weakening of productive potentiality of farming activities in family farms in Pernambuco, with a significant change in the distribution of family farm types, a reduction in the participation of Specialized Farms and an expressive growth of Farms with Rural Residents. The findings also indicated the relevance of access to rural credit in the supply of production needs of different family farm types and development of farming activities with income generation.

Feed additives used in finishing diets improve energy efficiency in ruminal fermentation, resulting in increased animal performance. However, there is no report evaluating the effect of BEO associated with exogenous α-amylase in response to increased starch content in feedlot diets. Our objective was to evaluate increasing levels of starch in the diet associated with a blend of essential oils plus amylase or sodium Monensin on performance, carcass characteristics, and ruminal and cecal morphometry of feedlot cattle. 210 Nellore bulls were used (initial body weight of 375 ± 13.25), where they were blocked and randomly allocated in 30 pens. The experiment was designed in completely randomized blocks in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement: three starch levels (25, 35, and 45%), and two additives: a blend of essential oils plus α-amylase (BEO, 90 and 560 mg/kg of DM, respectively) or sodium Monensin (MON, 26 mg/kg DM). The animals were fed once a day at 08:00 ad libitum and underwent an adaptation period of 14 days. The diets consisted of sugarcane bagasse, ground corn, soybean hulls, cottonseed, soybean meal, mineral-vitamin core, and additives. The animals fed BEO35 had higher dry matter intake (P = 0.02) and daily weight gain (P = 0.02). The MON treatment improved feed efficiency (P = 0.02). The treatments BEO35 and BEO45 increased hot carcass weight (P < 0.01). Animals fed BEO presented greater carcass yield (P = 0.01), carcass gain (P < 0.01), rib eye area gain (P = 0.01), and final rib eye area (P = 0.02) when compared to MON. The MON25 treatment improved carcass gain efficiency (P = 0.01), final marbling (P = 0.04), and final subcutaneous fat thickness (P < 0.01). The use of MON reduced the fecal starch% (P < 0.01). Cattle-fed BEO increased rumen absorptive surface area (P = 0.05) and % ASA papilla area (P < 0.01). The MON treatment reduced the cecum lesions score (P = 0.02). Therefore, the use of BEO with 35 and 45% starch increases carcass production with similar biological efficiency as MON; and animals consuming MON25 improve feed efficiency and reduce lesions in the rumen and cecum.

A crosslinked polymer from acrylamide (AM) and 1,3-divinyltetramethyldisiloxane was synthesized. The resulted polymer was characterized by NMR and FTIR-ATR. Their swelling and sealing capacity were assayed, and it was observed a percentage hydration of 1700% after 4 h of hydration and then, its hydration rate decreased, acquiring a maximum hydration of 2300% at 168 h.Also, the synthesized hydrogel was studied to evaluate his performance as loss control material (LCM) for petroleum industry. The performance in sand bed tester and High Pressure and high temperature (HPHT) cell essays, obtained at different pressures, demonstrated that the hydrogel is a good candidate for application as LCM. Additionally, it is combinable with additional particulate materials, showing synergy in their properties.

A monitoria é um momento importante no processo de formação inicial docente, pois o aluno em formação tem a oportunidade de vivenciar e aperfeiçoar seus conhecimentos entre teoria e prática. Desse modo, o estudo teve como objetivo relatar a experiência na monitoria da disciplina Metodologia Científica, no curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, bem como discutir a importância da monitoria como instrumento de aperfeiçoamento da formação inicial docente. A monitoria se desenvolveu de 12 de Dezembro de 2019 a 12 de Dezembro de 2020. Logo, apresentou-se uma autoavaliação sobre as experiências vivenciadas, indicando que cada experiência foi importante para o aprimoramento da prática inicial do ser professor. Por outro lado, podem ser destacadas algumas dificuldades devido à pandemia da Covid-19, pois, alunos relataram que não conseguiam acompanhar a disciplina por falta de equipamentos tecnológicos e acesso à internet, o que dificultou o processo de ensino e aprendizagem.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and quality of arabica coffee seedlings produced in tubes under different sources of phosphorus. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in a randomized block design with eleven treatments and four replications, three plants per plot. The dose of organomineral, MAP and MAP coated was based on the recommendation of P2O5 for the formation of coffee seedlings.. For Osmocote, the manufacturer's recommendation was used depending on the amount, in dm³, of substrate. After 180 days of transplanting, the growth characteristics of the plants (leaf dry matter, stem and roots) were evaluated, and the aerial part and root system ratio and Dickson's quality index were calculated, as well as regression equations were adjusted for the evaluated parameters. For the growth and quality of seedlings, it was observed that in fertilizations with pelleted and branched organomineral, coated MAP and Osmocote, the highest averages were obtained for the contents of dry matter, height, diameter of the collection and quality indexes, when compared to the other sources of P2O5.. The dose that provides the maximum growth and quality of coffee seedlings for the treatments with organomineral was calculated, this being equal to 6 g/dm³ of P2O5 for bran and pelleted organomineral. According to the results, the sources that promoted the formation of a vigorous seedling, with an adequate supply of nutrients and a good quality standard are pelleted organonineral fertilization and MAP, reducing the risk of losses and consequently the need to discard the seedlings in the nursery.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is considered an inflammatory and degenerative joint disease, characterized by loss of hyaline joint cartilage and adjacent bone remodeling with the formation of osteophytes, accompanied by various degrees of functional limitation and reduction in the quality of life of individuals. The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of treatment with physical exercise on the treadmill and swimming in an animal model of osteoarthritis.Methods: Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided (n=12 per group): Sham (S); Osteoarthritis (OA); Osteoarthritis + Treadmill (OA + T); Osteoarthritis + Swimming (OA + S). The mechanical model of OA was induced by median meniscectomy. Thirty days later, the animals started the physical exercise protocols. Both protocols were performed at moderate intensity. Forty-eight hours after the end of the exercise protocols, all animals were anesthetized and euthanized for histological, molecular, and biochemical parameters analysis.Results: Physical exercise performed on a treadmill was more effective in attenuating the action of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL1-β, and IL6) and positively regulating anti-inflammatories such as IL4, IL10, and TGF-β in relation to other groups.Discussion: In addition to maintaining a more balanced oxi-reductive environment within the joint, treadmill exercise provided a more satisfactory morphological outcome regarding the number of chondrocytes in the histological evaluation. As an outcome, better results were found in groups submitted to exercise, mostly treadmill exercise.

Objetivo: identificar os fatores relacionados à (in)satisfação no trabalho de trabalhadores da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Métodos: estudo exploratório com abordagem quantitativa, conduzido em 23 unidades da APS no estado de São Paulo. Foi utilizada a Escala de Satisfação no Trabalho, que abrange o grau de contentamento com chefia, colegas, salário, promoções e trabalho realizado, além de um questionário sócio-ocupacional. Resultados: participaram 70 trabalhadoras, sendo a grande maioria auxiliares de Enfermagem e agentes comunitárias de saúde, com idade média de 45±10,6 anos. Constatou-se indiferença nos campos colegas, chefia e natureza do trabalho. Por outro lado, verificou-se insatisfação com os campos salário e promoções. Conclusão: foi constatada insatisfação no trabalho na APS, e os achados demonstram a necessidade de revisão do plano de carreira e ajustes salariais.

Previous studies showed a prominent role of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), especially the prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) subregions, in behavioral and physiological responses to stressful stimuli. Nevertheless, the local neurochemical mechanisms involved are not completely understood. In this sense, previous studies identified cholinergic terminals within the mPFC, and stressful stimuli increased local acetylcholine release. Despite these pieces of evidence, the specific role of cholinergic neurotransmission in different subregions of the mPFC controlling the cardiovascular responses to stress has never been systematically evaluated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of cholinergic neurotransmission present within PL and IL in cardiovascular responses to an acute session of restraint stress in rats. For this, rats received bilateral microinjection of the choline uptake inhibitor hemicholinium-3 before exposure to restraint stress. The arterial pressure and heart rate (HR) increases and the decrease in tail skin temperature as an indirect measurement of sympathetically-mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction were recorded throughout the restraint stress session. The results showed that the depletion of acetylcholine within the PL caused by local microinjection of hemicholinium-3 decreased the tachycardia to restraint stress, but without affecting the pressor response and the drop in tail skin temperature. Conversely, IL treatment with hemicholinium-3 decreased the restraint-evoked pressor response and the sympathetically-mediated cutaneous vasoconstriction without interfering with the HR response. Taken together, these results indicate functional differences of cholinergic neurotransmission within the PL and IL in control of cardiovascular and autonomic responses to stressful stimuli.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the management of nitrogen fertilization in grains of sorghum inoculated or not with Azospirillum brasilense in single crop or intercropped with Urochloa brizantha (cv. Paiaguás) in the off-season. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with four replications, in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial scheme, with sorghum in single-cropped system or intercropped with grass; sorghum seeds inoculated or not with A. brasilense; and N management (application of 100% of the dose at sowing or only in topdressing or split - 30% at sowing and 70% in topdressing) at a dose of 120 kg ha-1 N. Morphological components and sorghum grain yield and productivity of dry matter of the aerial part of the grass and the sorghum were evaluated. The splitting of nitrogen fertilization did not interfere in the yield of sorghum grain straw intercropped with U. brizantha. The intercropping with U. brizantha did not reduce sorghum grain yield. In dry climate conditions in the off-season, inoculation of sorghum seeds cv. Ranchero with A. brasilense increases grain yield.

Abstract Background Low back pain is one of the main public health concerns. Chronic low back pain (cLBP) reduces functional capacity and affects postural stability. Although health professionals widely use spinal manipulation, its immediate effect on painful sensitivity and postural stability is lacking. This study aims to verify the immediate effects of lumbar spinal manipulation on the pressure pain threshold and postural stability in individuals with cLBP. Methods A two-arm, placebo-controlled clinical trial with parallel groups and examiner-blinded will be conducted with 80 participants with cLBP from an outpatient physical therapy department, randomly allocated at a 1:1 distribution. The experimental group will receive a lumbar spinal manipulation technique, and the placebo group will receive a simulated lumbar spinal manipulation. Both groups will receive one session of treatment and will be evaluated before and immediately after the intervention. The primary outcomes will be the pressure pain threshold and postural stability. Pain intensity and patient’s expectation will be assessed as a secondary outcome. The pressure pain threshold will be assessed using a pressure algometer in 6 different anatomical regions. The evaluation of postural stability will be performed in a baropodometry exam by displacing the centre of pressure. The pain intensity will be measured using the Numeric Pain Rating Scale. A Likert scale will be used for the patient’s expectation about the treatment. A two-way analysis of variance will compare the effect of the interventions between groups. Discussion This study will provide insights regarding the immediate effects of spinal manipulation in patients with cLBP against a simulated spinal manipulation using objective outcomes and considering patients’ expectations regarding the treatment. Trial registration Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials RBR-3ksq2c . Registered on 13 July 2020

Abstract Background Musculoskeletal pain patients present similar pain characteristics regardless of the clinical diagnosis. PainDETECT questionnaire is useful for screening neuropathic-like symptoms in many musculoskeletal conditions. However, no previous studies compared pain phenotypes of patients with musculoskeletal pain using the painDETECT. Therefore, the current study aimed to compare the pain characteristics of patients with musculoskeletal pain classified according to the painDETECT as nociceptive pain, unclear, and neuropathic-like symptoms. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 308 participants with musculoskeletal pain. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants were examined. Neuropathic-like symptoms, pain intensity, pain area, Central Sensitization-related sign and symptoms, functional limitation, and conditioned pain modulation were assessed in patients with musculoskeletal pain. Independent one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for between-group differences for the outcome measures with continuous variables and Pearson chi-square test verified between-group differences on the efficiency of the conditioned pain modulation. Results Participants had a mean age of 52.21 (±15.01) years old and 220 (71.42%) were females. One hundred seventy-three (56.16%) participants present nociceptive pain, 69 (22.40%) unclear, and 66 (21.42%) neuropathic-like symptoms. A one-way ANOVA showed differences for the pain intensity [F (2,305) = 20.097; p

Insects are under constant selective pressure, which has resulted in adaptations to novel niches such as crops. This is the case of the pest Melanaphis sacchari, the sugarcane aphid, native to Africa and currently spreading worldwide. The aphid undergoes successful parthenogenesis, causing important damage to a variety of crops and leading to important economic losses for farmers. A natural M. sacchari population grown in sorghum was studied to identify its microbiome through the sequencing of its 16S rDNA metagenome. A high proportion of Proteobacteria, followed by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, was observed. We also detected Wolbachia, which correlates with the asexual reproduction of its host. M. sacchari was challenged in a bioassay with the antibiotics oxytetracycline and streptomycin, resulting in a dose-dependent decay of its survival rate. The possibility of controlling this pest by altering its microbiota is proposed.

Lunar seismology is a critical area of research, providing insights into the Moon’s internal structure, composition, and thermal history, as well as informing the design of safe and resilient habitats for future human settlements. This paper presents the development of a state-of-the-art, three-axis broadband seismometer with a low-frequency range of 0.001–1 Hz and a target sensitivity over one order of magnitude greater than previous Apollo-era instruments. The paper details the design, assembly, methodology, and test results. We compare the acceleration noise of our prototype and commercial seismometers across all three axes. Increasing the test mass and reducing its natural frequency may further improve performance. These advancements in seismometer technology hold promise for enhancing our understanding of the Moon’s and other celestial bodies’ internal structures and for informing the design of future landed missions to ocean worlds.

Long-distance signaling molecules in plants, including different RNA species, play a crucial role in the development and environmental responses. Among these mobile signals, the Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) mRNA is one of the most abundant. TCTP regulates cell-cycle progression and programmed cell death and is involved in responses to abiotic and biotic stress as well as plant regeneration, among other functions. Considering that the ability to induce plant regeneration is linked to a possible role of TCTP in vegetative propagation and asexual reproduction, we analyzed TCTP overexpression in a solanaceous plant model that can reproduce asexually by regeneration from stolons and tubers. Therefore, in this study, the effect of transient expression of Solanum tuberosum TCTP (StTCTP) on tuber development and vegetative propagation was described. StTCTP mRNA was shown to be transported long-distance. Additionally, transient overexpression of StTCTP resulted in sprouts with a greater diameter compared to control plants. Furthermore, the early stages of tuberization were induced compared to control plants, in which only mature tubers were observed. These results suggest a role of TCTP in vegetative propagation and asexual reproduction.

A Gestão do Conhecimento permanece como uma temática recorrente em congressos, periódicos científicos e empresas. Isso ocorre em função da busca em promover o gerenciamento e o uso do conhecimento nas organizações. Para avaliar os resultados dessa busca, emergem diversos modelos, sendo esses, uma forma de aferir o nível de maturidade da gestão nas organizações. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa se orienta ao intento de analisar o nível de maturidade em Gestão do Conhecimento na Secretaria Municipal de Fazenda da Prefeitura de Contagem, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória-descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa e do tipo direta extensiva. Fez-se uso de um questionário e-survey, aplicado aos servidores da referida Secretaria, sendo as respostas analisadas pelos critérios de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (dimensionalidade), Alfa de Cronbach (confiabilidade), r de Pearson junto p-Valor (validade), Média, Desvio Padrão e Intervalo de Confiança de 95%. Por resultado a Secretaria Municipal de Fazenda da Prefeitura de Contagem se situa no nível três de cinco, sendo denominado incipiente (inicial, embrionário), pois se busca gerenciar o conhecimento da área crítica de sucesso. O total de 37 ações foram apontadas, de modo a fomentar a elevação da maturidade para o nível quatro. A aplicação longitudinal da análise da maturidade nesta Secretaria, bem como em outras instituições, são sugestões de pesquisas futuras.

Despite the superior performance in modeling complex patterns to address challenging problems, the black-box nature of Deep Learning (DL) methods impose limitations to their application in real-world critical domains. The lack of a smooth manner for enabling human reasoning about the black-box decisions hinder any preventive action to unexpected events, in which may lead to catastrophic consequences. To tackle the unclearness from black-box models, interpretability became a fundamental requirement in DL-based systems, leveraging trust and knowledge by providing ways to understand the model’s behavior. Although a current hot topic, further advances are still needed to overcome the existing limitations of the current interpretability methods in unsupervised DL-based models for Anomaly Detection (AD). Autoencoders (AE) are the core of unsupervised DL-based for AD applications, achieving best-in-class performance. However, due to their hybrid aspect to obtain the results (by requiring additional calculations out of network), only agnostic interpretable methods can be applied to AE-based AD. These agnostic methods are computationally expensive to process a large number of parameters. In this paper, we present the RXP (Residual eXPlainer), a new interpretability method to deal with the limitations for AE-based AD in large-scale systems. It stands out for its implementation simplicity, low computational cost and deterministic behavior, in which explanations are obtained through the deviation analysis of reconstructed input features. In an experiment using data from a real heavy-haul railway line, the proposed method achieved superior performance compared to SHAP, demonstrating its potential to support decision making in large scale critical systems.

Background and objectives: Neuropathic pain is common in the general population worldwide and Brazil. The painDETECT questionnaire is a notable instrument for screening on neuropathic pain. A Brazilian version of the painDETECT is necessary to broaden the possibilities of identification of neuropathic pain in the Brazilian population for the proper diagnosis and treatment. The current study aimed to perform the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the painDETECT into the Portuguese language of Brazil. Methods: A cross-cultural adaptation study was conducted in 11 stages according to standard procedures. Descriptive statistics were performed. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha test (α). Results: Four translators, 10 experts, and 30 patients participated in the study. The expert committee adapted five out of nine items (item 2, 3, 6, 8, and 10) to the Brazilian context. The pretesting phase showed good internal consistency (α = 0.74) for the nine items, including the pain pattern and the body chart domains. The Cronbach’s α of the instrument with seven descriptor items of pain was 0.83. Conclusions: The painDETECT was cross-culturally adapted into a Brazilian context and can be used to identify neuropathic components in pain of Brazilian patients. Clinical implications: PainDETECT is available for Brazilians to identify neuropathic components in pain.

Este artigo tem em vista refletir sobre a categoria formação continuada de professoras/es a partir dos pressupostos da categoria educação emancipatória numa perspectiva freireana e suas interfaces com a Educação Sexual no cotidiano da Educação Infantil. O artigo possibilita subsidiar uma ampliação de estudos desses fundamentos teóricos sobre a temática que é eixo de um projeto de dissertação em andamento de um dos autores. A metodologia para dar luz ao texto foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, realizada por meio de algumas obras de Paulo Freire e em artigos de outras/os autoras/es que tratam de temas freireanos, formação continuada e Educação Sexual emancipatória. Para reflexões finais, foi possível observar que Paulo Freire, aponta para as possibilidades de auxiliar em processos de educação emancipatória de formação continuadas de professoras/es junto as interfaces com projetos intencionais de Educação Sexual emancipatória em processos de busca constante da sua transformação, porque acreditamos que o SER ainda é inacabado dentro desse processo de vida e de produção de conhecimento.

Monitoring of clinical trials is critical to the protection of human subjects and the conduct of high-quality research. Even though the adoption of risk-based monitoring (RBM) has been suggested for many years, the RBM approach has been less widespread than expected. Centralized monitoring is one of the RMB pillars, together with remote-site monitoring visits, reduced Source Data Verification (SDV) and Source Document Reviews (SDR). The COVID-19 pandemic promoted disruptions in the conduction of clinical trials, as on-site monitoring visits were adjourned. In this context, the transition to RBM by all actors involved in clinical trials has been encouraged. In order to ensure the highest quality of data within a COVID-19 clinical trial, a centralized monitoring tool alongside Case Report Forms (CRFs) and synchronous automated routines were developed at the clinical research platform, Fiocruz, Brazilian Ministry of Health. This paper describes how these tools were developed, their features, advantages, and limitations. The software codes, and the CRFs are available at the Fiocruz Data Repository for Research-Arca Dados, reaffirming Fiocruz's commitment to Open Science practices.

The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people worldwide. Public health strategies to reduce viral transmission are based on widespread diagnostic testing to detect and isolate contagious patients. Several reverse transcription (RT)-PCR tests, along with other SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic assays, are available to attempt to cover the global demand. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based methods have been established as rapid, accurate, point of care diagnostic tests for viral infections; hence, they represent an excellent alternative for SARS-CoV-2 detection. The aim of this study was to develop and describe molecular detection systems for SARS-CoV-2 based on RT-LAMP. Recombinant DNA polymerase from Bacillus stearothermophilus and thermostable engineered reverse transcriptase from Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus were expressed using a prokaryotic system and purified by fast protein liquid chromatography. These enzymes were used to set up fluorometric real time and colorimetric end-point RT-LAMP assays. Several reaction conditions were optimized such as reaction temperature, Tris-HCl concentration, and pH of the diagnostic tests. The key enzymes for RT-LAMP were purified and their enzymatic activity was determined. Standardized reaction conditions for both RT-LAMP assays were 65°C and a Tris-HCl-free buffer at pH 8.8. Colorimetric end-point RT-LAMP assay was successfully used for viral detection from clinical saliva samples with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity compared to the results obtained by RT-qPCR based diagnostic protocols with Ct values until 30. The developed RT-LAMP diagnostic tests based on purified recombinant enzymes allowed a sensitive and specific detection of the nucleocapsid gene of SARS-CoV-2.

Feed additives such as monensin (MON) and virginiamycin (VM) are widely used in feedlots diets to maximize rumen fermentation. However, the knowledge about the effects of MON and VM combinations in specifics feedlot periods and the benefits of this association are still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of withdrawal of MON when associated with VM during the adaptation and finishing periods on feedlot performance of Nellore cattle. The experiment was designed as a completely randomized block replicated six times (four animals/pen) in which 120 Nellore bulls (378.4 ± 24.4 kg) were allocated in 30 pens and fed for 112 days according to the following treatments: (T1) MON during the entire feeding period; (T2) VM during the entire feeding period; (T3) MON+VM during the adaptation period and only VM during the finishing period 1 and 2; (T4) MON+VM during the entire feeding period; (T5) MON+VM during the adaptation and finishing period 1 and only VM during the finishing period 2. After 112 days on feed, no treatment effect was observed for DMI (P ≥ 0.12). However, bulls fed T5 had greater (P = 0.05) final BW and ADG when compared to T1, T2, and T4. Cattle from T3 and T5 groups presented heavier HCW (P = 0.05) than that fed T1, T2, and T4. Nellore bulls fed T1 and T5 had lower (P < 0.01) DMI variation than those receiving T2. The withdrawal of MON when associated with VM during the final third of the feedlot period improved overall final BW, ADG, and HCW when compared to bulls fed either MON or VM, but did not positively impact feedlot performance when compared to cattle that had MON withdrawn at the end of the adaptation period.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the perception of schoolchildren whether their academic performance improved or worsened during the pandemic, analyzing their social anxiety, gender, use of masks in the classroom, and school year. The total sample was 107 primary school students (25 in the fourth, 40 in the fifth and 42 in the sixth grade), with a mean age of 10.51 years old (SD = 1). The gender were 58 girls and 49 boys, from a school in the province of La Coruña (Spain). The study was based on a quantitative methodology, and the design was cross-sectional, descriptive, observational and correlational. The social anxiety questionnaire (CASO-N24) was used to assess social anxiety, and an ad hoc self-report register was elaborated to evaluate sociodemographic variables. The results indicated that 44.8% of the schoolchildren considered that the pandemic had neither improved nor worsened their academic performance. Although 38.3% considered that high and very high social anxiety increased progressively as the school year progressed, both in boys and girls. Besides, the schoolchildren who presented very low and low social anxiety improved their grades in Physical Education, while those who presented high social anxiety worsened them. In conclusion, having a low social anxiety, lower grades before the pandemic and higher grades after, makes children perceive an improvement in their academic performance during the pandemic.

Chatbots are a promising resource for giving students feedback and helping them deploy metacognitive strategies in their learning processes. In this study we worked with a sample of 57 university students, 42 undergraduate and 15 Master's degree students in Health Sciences. A mixed research methodology was applied. The quantitative study analysed the influence of the variables educational level (undergraduate vs. master's degree) and level of prior knowledge on the frequency of chatbot use (low vs. average), learning outcomes, and satisfaction with the chatbot's usefulness. In addition, we examined whether the frequency of chatbot use depended on students' metacognitive strategies. The qualitative study analysed the students' suggestions for improvement to the chatbot and the type of questions it used. The results indicated that the level of degree being studied influenced the frequency of chatbot use and learning outcomes, with Master's students exhibiting higher levels of both, but levels of prior knowledge only influenced learning outcomes. Significant differences were also found in students' perceived satisfaction with the use of the chatbot, with Master's students scoring higher, but not with respect to the level of prior knowledge. No conclusive results were found regarding frequency of chatbot use and the levels of students' metacognitive strategies. Further studies are needed to guide this research based on the students' suggestions for improvement.

The synthesis and characterisation of new dyes based on indolizines bearing catechol groups in their structure is presented. The preparation was carried out through a simple three component one-pot reaction promoted by CuNPs/C, between pyridine-2-carbaldehyde, an aromatic alkyne and a tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) functionalized with catechol groups. The products were isolated in 30%–34% yield, which was considered more than acceptable considering that the catechol hydroxyl groups were not protected prior to reaction. In view of the colour developed by the products and their response to the acidic and basic conditions of the medium, product 3aa was studied by UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopies at different pH values. We concluded that product 3aa suffered two deprotonations at pKa of 4.4 and 9.5, giving three species in a pH range between 2–12, with colours varying from light red to deep orange. The reversibility of the process observed for 3aa at different pH values, together with its changes in colour, make this new family of products attractive candidates to use them as pH indicators.

Introducción: El dolor lumbar es una de las entidades categorizadas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como enfermedades prioritarias y una de las principales causas de ausentismo laboral. El bloqueo caudal epidural es una técnica anestésica utilizada para tratar el dolor lumbar de diversos orígenes. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo retrospectivo en pacientes sometidos a bloqueo caudal guiado por radioscopia, entre el 1 de enero de 2017 y el 31 de enero de 2019. Se excluyó a los pacientes con bloqueo caudal previo, con antecedente de cirugía de columna lumbar y a quienes abandonaron el seguimiento. Se registraron variables relacionadas con el paciente y los resultados del procedimiento (dolor según la escala analógica visual, intervención quirúrgica posterior, actividad laboral posterior y licencia médica solicitada). Resultados: Se incluyó a 38 pacientes (media de la edad 43 años [rango 27-62]). La mediana de dolor a los tres meses fue de 3,5 (rango 2-6), con una diferencia de 4,5 (RIC de -2,7 a -7) respecto del puntaje basal. Estas diferencias fueron estadísticamente significativas (p

Management control systems can receive adaptations and innovations in response to contingent variables external to organizations. The present study aims to verify if there are relations between the types of budget systems and the contingent factors that affect the industrial sector. The contingency variables: environment, structure, strategy, technological process and size were related to the budgetary taxonomy, the flexibility of changes in the budget and the budgeting process. Data collection was performed by questionnaire in 28 industries in Paraná. Data treatment involved relative frequency and canonical correlations in order to quantify the strength of the relationship between the study variables. The profile of the sample was predominantly of large companies and the food sector, which use the budget to direct resources, analyze performance and align with strategic planning. The types of flexible budget and by activity were predominant. The results of the canonical correlations allow to infer that the budgetary emphasis on operational plans is correlated to the decentralized organizational structure and repetitive processes, the budgetary emphasis on internal communication is related to the organization’s cost and size strategies, the continuous budget is related to operational plans and customized processes, and the flexible budget and zero-based process dimensions are related to legal aspects.

Desde hace bastantes años la evaluación docente incluye información obtenida mediante cuestionarios auto-administrados en los que el alumnado valora a su profesorado a través de preguntas más o menos cerradas. Una pregunta que ha resultado con un alto poder predictivo de la satisfacción global con cada docente suele tener una redacción del tipo “este/a profesor/a me ayuda a aprender”, pero ¿qué significa esa frase? Para averiguarlo se llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa con más de 600 explicaciones al respecto, a partir de datos recogidos de una población de alumnado universitario matriculado en titulaciones de grado y máster. El 95 % provenían de estudiantes que habían participado en la evaluación docente cuantitativa al menos una vez. Los textos analizados tenían muy diferentes longitudes, oscilando entre 7 y 365 palabras. Se separaron en función de si hacían referían a una valoración alta o baja y se extrajeron las palabras empleadas con más frecuencia en unos y otros casos. Los resultados muestran que se emplean diferentes verbos y sustantivos para explicar el sentido de las puntuaciones cuantitativas otorgadas. En este contexto, nociones como “explicar”, “entender/comprender”, “prácticas”, “motivar”, “preocuparse por el alumnado” o “contestar dudas”, son los que adquieren mayor relevancia. Adicionalmente, los análisis preliminares también muestran diferencias en las respuestas en relación con el sexo, el nivel de estudios y el área a la que se adscriben las titulaciones que se están cursando. La edad también parece tener cierta relevancia. Estos hallazgos podrán ser empleados no solo para mejorar la interpretación de los datos cuantitativos de las encuestas de evaluación docente, sino para hacer propuestas de mejora de carácter más amplio.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune response and the innate response of goats immunized with attenuated vaccine against Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis prepared from the strain 1002. One hundred goats were divided into 5 groups (n=20 animals/group). Each group was vaccinated as follows: G control: saline solution; G1 - 107 CFU/mL; G2 -107 CFU/mL re-vaccinated within 21 days; G3 – 106 CFU/mL; G4 – 106 CFU/mL revaccinated within 21 days. Blood samples were collected monthly over 12 months and serology was performed through indirect ELISA. In order to verify the innate response through the dosages of acute phase proteins (ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin), samples of five animals from each group were evaluated on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 days for the groups G1 and G3, and on days 0, 21, 28, 56 days for the groups G2 and G4. The results showed humoral response activation with the production of immunoglobulins above the cut-off point in all groups. The results showed that strain 1002 vaccine induced the antibody production by the goats’ humoral immune system and that the increase in serum concentrations of haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin may be related of the innate immune response.

Eventos climáticos adversos provocam efeitos diretos e indiretos e o uso de informações sobre eles orienta gestores a buscar reflexões que se transformem em aperfeiçoamento dos Sistemas de Controle Gerencial (SCG). Nesse estudo, enfatiza-se o uso dos SCGs por meio do framework das Alavancas de Controle (AC) de Simons e base teórica é contingencial. Objetiva-se verificar como eventos climáticos adversos influenciam o uso do SCG. Pesquisa qualitativa e múltiplos casos: três empresas afetadas por tornados e três por enchentes. Contatou-se que o histórico de ocorrências faz com que processos de prevenções sejam aperfeiçoados e formalizados. Houve alteração de prioridades organizacionais, comunicações, compreensão de riscos que devem ser evitados ou minimizados, identificação da relevância do monitoramento e estímulo à pesquisa e aprendizado. Os eventos influenciam o uso de técnicas gerenciais e relatórios de estoque, pessoal e logístico, com ênfase no uso interativo das ACs. Costataram-se seis tensões dinâmicas relacionadas aos eventos.

Fitopatógenos interferem de forma negativa na produção e na qualidade final dos produtos agrícolas comercializados. O trabalho tem como objetivo verificar o controle alternativo dos fungos Cercospora beticola sacc, Phytophthora infestans e Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, utilizando as doses 0,2; 0,4; 0,6; 0,8 µL mL-1 do óleo essencial de guaçatonga, em comparação a testemunha com somente água. Avaliou- se in vitro o potencial do óleo essencial de guaçatonga OEG (Casearia sylvestris) em comparação ao índice do crescimento micelial (IVCM), e in vivo a severidade da cercospora em plantas de beterraba, também se determinou o potencial do OEG em induzir mecanismo de resistência. Examinou-se a atividade da enzima peroxidase. Dessa forma, adicionou-se o óleo em placas de Petri para experimento in vitro e para in vivo pulverizou-se semanalmente o óleo sobre as plantas acondicionadas em casa de vegetação. Determinou-se o efeito direto do óleo sobre os fungos e o controle de cercospora nas folhas de beterraba, e a atividade da enzima peroxidase. Verificou-se que o óleo não apresentou efeito direto sobre a C. beticola in vitro, mas sim sobre os outros dois fungos obteve redução sobre o IVCM, e ativou simultaneamente mecanismos de defesa sobre as plantas de beterraba. Assim, pode se dizer que o, OEG apresenta a capacidade de agir diretamente sobre os patógenos Phytophthora infestans, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum e induzir a resistência de plantas beterraba contra Cercospora beticola.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between obesity and clinical outcomes in breast cancer patients by evaluating the mean body mass index (BMI) and overall survival. Material and Methods: The research’s method consisted of a retrospective observational and descriptive study without intervention, carried out in a public oncology service in Brazils Federal District. We selected breast cancer patients with hormonal expression positivity in follow-up from January 2016 to December 2020. Results: 305 female patients were evaluated, aged between 33 and 92 years old (average age of 59). Most patients were over 55 years old (63.3%). The mean weight of the patients was 71.70±9.10 kilograms. Regarding BMI, 38.7% of patients were classified as obese. As for the immunohistochemical classification (IHC), 72.9% of the patients were luminal B. Among the patients in which the initial treatment was registered, 56.1% received hormone therapy, while 43.9% received chemotherapy. The intention to treat in most patients was curative. Most patients had disease staging between II and III. As for the outcome, most patients were still undergoing treatment (83.0%) at the time of data collection. Correlating the IHC classification with patient survival, there was no significant difference between patient’s classified as luminal A and those classified as luminal B (p: 0.342). There was also no significant difference between non-obese and obese patients in the assessment of overall survival and weight (p: 0.917). Conclusion: Despite the high prevalence of obesity in the studied population, the overall survival of this group did not differ from the non-obese group, even in the analyzes by IHC profile.

The 26th Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP26), hosted in Glasgow in 2021, reaffirmed the guidelines assumed in 2015 around the “Paris Agreement” (COP21). Many of these guidelines, which are aimed at building pathways to net zero carbon emissions, translate publicly into techno-scientific promises, such as the global development of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). However, these promises are also questioned in the mass media by several actors. Both promises and criticisms are based on scientific reports produced or evaluated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, dependent on the United Nations). In this sense, the set of criteria mobilized by the IPCC constitutes a framework for the debate. However, this framework generates a projection of the future based primarily on technical criteria that omit social plausibility and ignore the particular conditions of peripheral countries to achieve the proposed objectives. As a result, they ignore the relationship between peripheral (dependent) and core nation-states. This relationship implies, among other consequences, a lack of technological autonomy for peripheral countries that makes very difficult to modify their economic structures (increasingly primarized) in order to be able to operate changes in the fight against global warming. In this paper we analyze such reception and translation of climate change promises in Argentina.

O presente artigo trata da escolarização voltada para a inserção do jovem no mercado de trabalho e dos documentos e acordos, em nível nacional e internacional, que baseiam as decisões relacionadas à formação para o alcance do trabalho decente da juventude. A análise documental se dá com a avaliação do Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino Técnico (Pronatec) enquanto política de Educação Profissional e Tecnológica criada no primeiro Governo de Dilma Rousseff no ano de 2011. Fica estabelecido como problema de pesquisa a relação do Pronatec com os compromissos assumidos pelo governo no período de 2011 a 2014, no que se refere à qualificação visando a inserção no mercado de trabalho e a futura emancipação social do jovem. Para tanto, contextualizam-se as políticas do período nacional internacionalmente e são apresentados índices que antecedem e sucedem o período de 2011 a 2014 a partir de Sínteses dos Indicadores Sociais do IBGE (2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 e 2021) e dos Cadernos de Estudos Desenvolvimento Social em Debate de número 19, 24 e 27 desenvolvidos pelo Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome. Ao longo dos anos, o Brasil é marcado por avanços e retrocessos nas garantias de direitos trabalhistas e pela disparidade na oferta da escolarização, em especial, a Educação Profissional e Tecnológica oferecida aos jovens de famílias de classes de baixa renda e que essa dinâmica tem influência direta nas colocações no mercado de trabalho formal.

Establecer una metodología técnica para efectuar la certificación de construcciones edilicias, sostenibles y eficientes respecto del uso y consumo energético. El ámbito de aplicación de este código técnico será el Municipio de San Fernando, Provincia de Buenos Aires. Por consiguiente, su implementación será cumplir con la legislación provincial vigente y, a nivel nacional, cumplir con el Decreto Nº 140/07 del PEN que declara de interés y prioridad nacional el uso racional y eficiente de la energía. Esto implica cumplir con el acondicionamiento térmico exigible en la construcción de los edificios para una mejor calidad de vida y lograr la disminución del impacto ambiental a través del uso racional de la energía. Por ende, las construcciones de edificios deben garantizar condiciones de habitabilidad higrotérmica, eficiencia energética, higiene y salubridad. Como consecuencia, obtener una reducción de costos en los consumos de energía para calefacción y refrigeración, agua potable, iluminación, servicio de ascensores, favorecer la aplicación de energías renovables y contribuir con los objetivos de desarrollo sostenibles (ODS) de la agenda 2030 de la ONU. También, en el contexto actual de pandemia COVID 19, obtener mejoras en la salud de sus habitantes y permitir la preservación del patrimonio edilicio y sus bienes.

Resumen El presente trabajo ofrece un análisis del comportamiento de la fecundidad desagregado por nivel de instrucción de la madre en Argentina en el siglo XXI y presta especial atención a la evolución de la fecundidad adolescente en el mismo período. A diferencia de lo acontecido en otros países de la región en las últimas dos décadas, donde el descenso de la fecundidad fue casi ininterrumpida, en la Argentina la fecundidad tuvo un comportamiento estable, similar a una meseta, desde comienzos del siglo XXI hasta 2014, a partir de cuando comenzó un descenso sostenido análogo al de sus países vecinos. Para este análisis se usan datos de las estadísticas vitales y de las estimaciones y proyecciones de población del INDEC, y para el análisis por nivel de instrucción, datos de las encuestas permanentes de hogares del INDEC y del Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda de 2010. En el análisis se puede observar una importante brecha en los niveles de fecundidad entre las mujeres más y menos instruidas, principalmente en la fecundidad adolescente. Esta brecha es un reflejo de inequidad, dado que la alta fecundidad afecta sobre todo a las mujeres de los estratos sociales más vulnerables.

Abstract Background Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has the potential to reduce transmission of HIV among Black cisgender women in the Southern United States (U.S.); however, national data suggests that PrEP initiation is lowest in the South and among Black women compared to other U.S. regions and white women. This study applied intersectionality and PrEP multilevel resilience frameworks to assess how socio-structural and clinical contexts shaped PrEP persistence among Black cisgender women in Mississippi. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Black cisgender women in Jackson, Mississippi. This sample was purposively recruited to include PrEP-initiated Black cisgender women. Results Six themes identified that shaped PrEP care among Black cisgender women: (1) internal assets, (2) sole responsibility to HIV prevention, (3) added protection in HIV serodifferent relationships, (4) financial issues, (5) trust and distrust in the medical system, and (6) side effects. Black cisgender women reported that PrEP persistence increased control over their sexual health, reduced anxiety about HIV, and promoted self-care. Black cisgender women also indicated that medication assistance programs increased PrEP affordability resulting in continued persistence. Conclusions In addition to preventing HIV, PrEP may yield secondary positive impacts on the health and relationships of Black cisgender women. However, very few Black cisgender women in the South are using PrEP given intersectional barriers and thus necessitates adaptive strategies to support PrEP initiation and persistence. Efforts aimed at increasing the coverage of PrEP among Black cisgender women should consider implementation strategies responsive to lived realities of Black women.

Ascites is a common complication of several conditions, but it is rare in cases of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. We report a 36-year-old patient presenting with abdominal swelling for a week prior to hospitalization. An extensive workup excluded liver or heart disease and malignancy. A computed tomography scan demonstrated massive ascites and severe thickening of peritoneal reflections. Laboratory tests showed low serum-ascites albumin gradient, high total protein, and low adenosine. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed inflammatory signs of both fallopian tubes. The histopathological results from peritoneal biopsy were consistent with lymphoid proliferation with reactive lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. A gynecological investigation showed a positive DNA for C. trachomatis in the cervical swab. After treatment with doxycycline, there was a complete resolution of ascites.

CO2 REDUCTION TO HYDROCARBONS AND OXYGENATES: FUNDAMENTALS, STRATEGIES AND CHALLENGES. The development of renewable energy sources (e.g., solar and wind) moves foward, the tendance for replacing fossil fuels increases. However, these technologies have as primary barriers to industrial processes’ efficiency and especially storage. Thus, CO2 reduction routes using these energy sources could chemically store part of the energy as fuels or chemicals, offering alternatives to current oil and gas industry. This process is inspired by photosynthesis, e.g., photochemical or electrochemical processes, using homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysts. Nevertheless, this reaction is thermodynamically unfavorable and has very slow kinetics, given the high stability of the CO2 molecule and the complexity of the redox reactions involved. Therefore, this review addresses this process’s kinetic and thermodynamic challenges, and the fundamental concepts of the photo(electro)chemical processes for CO2 reduction, besides presenting and discussing the materials with the potential to act as catalysts. The main reaction mechanisms and advances in the understanding of such processes are discussed, as well as future perspectives