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102. Safety of the proposed amendment of the specifications for enzymatically produced steviol glycosides (E 960c): Rebaudioside D produced via enzymatic bioconversion of purified stevia leaf extract

Author

Younes, Maged, Aquilina, Gabriele, Engel, Karl-Heinz, Fowler, Paul J, Frutos Fernandez, Maria Jose, Fürst, Peter, Gürtler, Rainer, Gundert-Remy, Ursula, Husøy, Trine, Manco, Melania, Mennes, Wim, Moldeus, Peter, Passamonti, Sabina, Shah, Romina, Waalkens-Berendsen, Ine, Wright, Matthew, Barat Baviera, José Manuel, Degen, Gisela, Herman, Lieve, Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Wölfle, Detlef, Aguilera, Jaime, Giarola, Alessandra, Smeraldi, Camilla, Vianello, Giorgia, Castle, Laurence, Younes, Maged, Aquilina, Gabriele, Engel, Karl-Heinz, Fowler, Paul J, Frutos Fernandez, Maria Jose, Fürst, Peter, Gürtler, Rainer, Gundert-Remy, Ursula, Husøy, Trine, Manco, Melania, Mennes, Wim, Moldeus, Peter, Passamonti, Sabina, Shah, Romina, Waalkens-Berendsen, Ine, Wright, Matthew, Barat Baviera, José Manuel, Degen, Gisela, Herman, Lieve, Leblanc, Jean-Charle, Wölfle, Detlef, Aguilera, Jaime, Giarola, Alessandra, Smeraldi, Camilla, Vianello, Giorgia, and Castle, Laurence

Subjects
steviol glycoside preparation, steviol glycoside preparations, enzymatic bioconversion, rebaudioside D, yeast K. phaffii, Veterinary (miscellaneous), Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, Plant Science, Microbiology, Food Science
Abstract

The EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Flavourings (FAF Panel) provides a scientific opinion on the safety of a proposed amendment of the specifications of enzymatically produced steviol glycosides (E 960c) with respect to the inclusion of rebaudioside D produced via enzyme-catalysed bioconversion of purified stevia leaf extract. Rebaudioside D (95% on dry basis) is produced via enzymatic bioconversion of purified stevia leaf extract using uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucosyltransferase (UGT) and sucrose synthase enzymes produced by the genetically modified yeast K. phaffii UGT-A, that facilitates the transfer of glucose to purified stevia leaf extract via glycosidic bonds. The same enzymes from K. phaffii UGT-A may be used in the manufacturing process of the food additive, rebaudioside M produced via enzyme modification of steviol glycosides from stevia (E 960c(i)). The Panel considered that separate specifications would be needed for this food additive produced via the manufacturing process described in the current application, aligned with those already established for E 960c(i). The Panel concluded that there is no toxicological concern for Rebaudioside D produced via enzymatic bioconversion of purified stevia leaf extract using UDP-glucosyltransferase and sucrose synthase produced by a genetically modified strain of the yeast K. phaffii. However, based on the available data, the Panel could not exclude the possibility that some residual amount of DNA coding for the kanamycin resistance gene could remain in the final product. Should this gene propagate in microbiota due to the presence of recombinant DNA in the final product, this would be of concern. Therefore, the Panel concluded that the safety of Rebaudioside D produced via this enzymatic bioconversion was not sufficiently demonstrated with the available data given that the absence of recombinant DNA was not shown.

Published
2022

103. Update of the risk assessment of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food

Author

European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Benford, Diane [0000-0002-7113-639X], Ioannidou, Sofia 0000-0001-6375-3243], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Wallace, Heather, Benford, Diane, Fürst, Peter, Rose, Martin, Ioannidou, Sofia, Nikolic, Marina, Ramos Bordajandi, Luisa, Vleminckx, Christiane, European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Benford, Diane [0000-0002-7113-639X], Ioannidou, Sofia 0000-0001-6375-3243], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Wallace, Heather, Benford, Diane, Fürst, Peter, Rose, Martin, Ioannidou, Sofia, Nikolic, Marina, Ramos Bordajandi, Luisa, and Vleminckx, Christiane

Abstract

The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food. HBCDDs, predominantly mixtures of the stereoisomers a-, b- and c-HBCDD, were widely used additive flame retardants. Concern has been raised because of the occurrence of HBCDDs in the environment, food and in humans. Main targets for toxicity are neurodevelopment, the liver, thyroid hormone homeostasis and the reproductive and immune systems. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour in mice can be considered the critical effects. Based on effects on spontaneous behaviour in mice, the Panel identified a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 0.9 mg/kg body weight (bw) as the Reference Point, corresponding to a body burden of 0.75 mg/kg bw. The chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans was calculated to be 2.35 lg/kg bw per day. The derivation of a health-based guidance value (HBGV) was not considered appropriate. Instead, the margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied to assess possible health concerns. Over 6,000 analytical results for HBCDDs in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary LB exposure to HBCDDs were fish meat, eggs, livestock meat and poultry. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the resulting MOE values support the conclusion that current dietary exposure to HBCDDs across European countries does not raise a health concern.An exception is breastfed infants with high milk consumption, for which the lowest MOE values may raise a health concern.

Published
2021

104. Assessment of an application on a detoxification process of groundnut press cake for aflatoxins by ammoniation

Author

Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Christodoulidou, Anna [0000-0003-1799-7153], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, Kevin James, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Rose, Martin, Cottrill, Bruce, Lundebye, Anne Katrine, Metzler, Manfred, Christodoulidou, Anna, Hogstrand, Christer, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Christodoulidou, Anna [0000-0003-1799-7153], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, Kevin James, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Rose, Martin, Cottrill, Bruce, Lundebye, Anne Katrine, Metzler, Manfred, Christodoulidou, Anna, and Hogstrand, Christer

Abstract

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) provided a scientific opinion on an application for a detoxification process of groundnut press cake for aflatoxins by ammoniation. Specifically, it is required that the feed decontamination process is compliant with the acceptability criteria specified in the Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/786 of 19 May 2015. The CONTAM Panel assessed the data provided by the feed business operator with respect to the efficacy of the process to remove the contaminant from groundnut press cake batches and on information demonstrating that the process does not adversely affect the characteristics and the nature of the product. Although according to the literature the process may be able to reduce aflatoxin levels below the legal limits, the Panel concluded that the proposed decontamination process, on the basis of the experimental data submitted by the feed business operator, cannot be confirmed for compliance with the acceptability criteria provided for in Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/786 of 19 May 2015. The Panel recommended sufficient sample testing before and after the process, under the selected conditions, to ensure that the process is reproducible and reliable and to demonstrate that the detoxification is not reversible. In addition, genotoxicity testing of extracts of the treated feedingstuff and of the identified degradation products would be necessary. Finally, information on the transfer rate of AFB1 to AFM1 excretion in milk for animals fed the ammoniated product, in comparison to the starting material and on the ammoniation process changes of the nutritional values of the feed material should be provided.

Published
2021

105. Evaluation of the shucking of certain species of scallops contaminated with domoic acid with a view to the production of edible parts meeting the safety requirements foreseen in the Union legislation

Author

European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Gago Martínez, Ana [0000-0001-5178-2338], Gerssen, Arjen [0000-0003-4271-1516], Tubaro, Aurelia [0000-0003-2773-2589], Cascio, Claudia [0000-0002-3810-4134], Cortiñas Abrahantes, José [0000-0002-4805-9429], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Chipman, Kevin James, Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Gago Martínez, Ana, Gerssen, Arjen, Tubaro, Aurelia, Cascio, Claudia, Cortiñas Abrahantes, José, Steinkellner, Hans, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Gago Martínez, Ana [0000-0001-5178-2338], Gerssen, Arjen [0000-0003-4271-1516], Tubaro, Aurelia [0000-0003-2773-2589], Cascio, Claudia [0000-0002-3810-4134], Cortiñas Abrahantes, José [0000-0002-4805-9429], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Chipman, Kevin James, Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Gago Martínez, Ana, Gerssen, Arjen, Tubaro, Aurelia, Cascio, Claudia, Cortiñas Abrahantes, José, Steinkellner, Hans, and Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron)

Abstract

EFSA was asked by the European Commission to provide information on the levels of domoic acid (DA) in whole scallops that would ensure that levels in edible parts are below the regulatory limit after shucking. This should include five species of scallops. In addition, EFSA was asked to recommend the number of scallops to be used in an analytical sample. To address these questions, EFSA received suitable data on DA for only one scallop species, Pecten maximus, i.e. data on pooled samples of edible and non-edible parts. A large part of the concentration levels was above the limit of quantification (LOQ) and only these data were used for the assessment. Shucking in most cases resulted in a strong decrease in the toxin levels. Statistical analysis of the data showed that levels in whole scallops should not exceed 24 mg DA/kg, 59 mg DA/kg and 127 mg DA/kg to ensure that levels in, respectively, gonads, muscle and muscle plus gonads are below the regulatory limit of 20 mg DA/kg with 99% certainty. Such an analysis was not possible for the other scallop species. In the absence of data from member states, published data of variations between scallops were used to calculate the sample size to ensure a 95% correct prediction on whether the level in scallops in an area or lot is correctly predicted to be compliant/non-compliant. It was shown that 10 scallops per sample would be sufficient to predict with 95% certainty if DA levels in the area/lot were twofold below or above the regulatory limit for the highest reported coefficient of variance (CV) of 1.06. To predict with 95% certainty for levels between 15 and 27 mg DA/kg, a pooled sample of more than 30 scallops would have to be tested.

Published
2021

110. Avis de l’Anses relatif à l'évaluation des risques liés à la présence de 2-chloroéthanol (2-CE) dans du gluten incorporé dans des denrées alimentaires

Author

Atgié, Claude, Anthérieu, Sébastien, Cariou, Ronan, Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Platel, Anne, Roudot, Alain-Claude, Aguilar, Fernando, Jean, Julien, Champion, Morgane, Dubuisson, Carine, École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Laboratoire de sécurité des aliments de Maisons-Alfort (LSAl), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), and Anses

Subjects
contamination, éthylène chlorohydrine, vital gluten, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 2-chloroethanol, gluten vital, CAS 107-07-3, ethylene cholorhydrin, 2-chloroéthanol
Abstract

Citation suggérée : Anses. (2022). Avis relatif à l'évaluation des risques liés à la présence de 2-chloroéthanol (2-CE) dans du gluten incorporé dans des denrées alimentaires (saisine 2022-SA-0059). Maisons-Alfort : Anses, 98 p.; Une alerte sanitaire concernant la détection de 2-chloroéthanol (2-CE) dans des mix à base de gluten vital1 a été rapportée le 23 mars 2022 par la DGCCRF. La présence de 2-CE a été détectée par les préparateurs des mix de gluten qui sont destinés à être incorporés dans des farines utilisées pour la fabrication de différents produits finis, dont de panification comme le pain, les viennoiseries, etc. A la suite de cette détection, le fabricant du gluten mis en cause a réalisé des analyses sur son échantillothèque et a confirmé que le gluten était l’ingrédient alimentaire contaminé. Le fabricant a également analysé un ensemble conséquent de plusieurs centaines de lots récents de gluten, amidon et autres coproduits. L’oxyde d’éthylène(ETO) auquel le métabolite 2-CE est communément associé n’a été détecté dans aucun échantillon.Selon la DGCCRF, ces résultats excluent tout lien avec une contamination ou un traitement par l’ETO, traitement interdit en Europe, et seraient ainsi concordants avec l’origine française des blés.Dans ce contexte, il est demandé à l’Anses de mener une expertise en urgence afin de répondre aux questions suivantes :- Quel est le niveau d’exposition alimentaire et le niveau de préoccupation sanitaire associé ?- Pouvez-vous, sur la base des éléments disponibles, conclure sur le niveau de préoccupation sanitaire pour les produits finis au sein desquels le 2-CE n’est pas quantifiable (< 0,02 mg/kg) ?

Published
2022

113. Assessment of an application on a detoxification process of groundnut press cake for aflatoxins by ammoniation

Author

EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, Kevin James, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Rose, Martin, Cottrill, Bruce, Lundebye, Anne Katrine, Metzler, Manfred, Christodoulidou, Anna, Hogstrand, Christer, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Christodoulidou, Anna [0000-0003-1799-7153], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Christodoulidou, Anna, and Hogstrand, Christer

Subjects
Nutrition. Foods and food supply, decontamination process, Veterinary (miscellaneous), Chemical technology, aflatoxin, groundnut press cake, Decontamination process, Team Toxicology, Plant Science, TP1-1185, Microbiology, Groundnut press cake, Scientific Opinion, ammoniation, Aflatoxin, Life Science, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, TX341-641, Ammoniation, Food Science, VLAG
Abstract

12 p.-2 fig.-2 tab., Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) provided a scientific opinion on an application for a detoxification process of groundnut press cake for aflatoxins by ammoniation. Specifically, it is required that the feed decontamination process is compliant with the acceptability criteria specified in the Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/786 of 19 May 2015. The CONTAM Panel assessed the data provided by the feed business operator with respect to the efficacy of the process to remove the contaminant from groundnut press cake batches and on information demonstrating that the process does not adversely affect the characteristics and the nature of the product. Although according to the literature the process may be able to reduce aflatoxin levels below the legal limits, the Panel concluded that the proposed decontamination process, on the basis of the experimental data submitted by the feed business operator, cannot be confirmed for compliance with the acceptability criteria provided for in Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/786 of 19 May 2015. The Panel recommended sufficient sample testing before and after the process, under the selected conditions, to ensure that the process is reproducible and reliable and to demonstrate that the detoxification is not reversible. In addition, genotoxicity testing of extracts of the treated feedingstuff and of the identified degradation products would be necessary. Finally, information on the transfer rate of AFB1 to AFM1 excretion in milk for animals fed the ammoniated product, in comparison to the starting material and on the ammoniation process changes of the nutritional values of the feed material should be provided., The Panel wishes to thank Federico Cruciani and Carina Wenger for the support provided to this scientific output, and the hearing expert Professor Dr Wayne L Bryden, for the overview on aflatoxin inactivation by ammoniation.

Published
2021

114. Update of the risk assessment of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food

Author

EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM), Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Wallace, Heather, Benford, Diane, Fürst, Peter, Rose, Martin, Ioannidou, Sofia, Nikolic, Marina, Ramos Bordajandi, Luisa, Vleminckx, Christiane, European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Benford, Diane [0000-0002-7113-639X], Ioannidou, Sofia 0000-0001-6375-3243], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Benford, Diane, and Vleminckx, Christiane

Subjects
040301 veterinary sciences, Veterinary (miscellaneous), Team Toxicology, human exposure, TP1-1185, Plant Science, 010501 environmental sciences, occurrence, Body weight, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, 0403 veterinary science, Occurrence, Age groups, Environmental health, Medicine, TX341-641, hexabromocyclododecanes, VLAG, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Risk assessment, Hexabromocyclododecanes, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, business.industry, Dietary exposure, food, Chemical technology, HBCDDs, risk assessment, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, European population, Human exposure, Lowest-observed-adverse-effect level, Scientific Opinion, Food, Toxicity, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, Livestock, business, toxicology, Food Science
Abstract

130 p.-4 fig.-23 tab.-Appendix A-D (118-129), The European Commission asked EFSA to update its 2011 risk assessment on hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) in food. HBCDDs, predominantly mixtures of the stereoisomers a-, b- and c-HBCDD, were widely used additive flame retardants. Concern has been raised because of the occurrence of HBCDDs in the environment, food and in humans. Main targets for toxicity are neurodevelopment, the liver, thyroid hormone homeostasis and the reproductive and immune systems. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the neurodevelopmental effects on behaviour in mice can be considered the critical effects. Based on effects on spontaneous behaviour in mice, the Panel identified a lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) of 0.9 mg/kg body weight (bw) as the Reference Point, corresponding to a body burden of 0.75 mg/kg bw. The chronic intake that would lead to the same body burden in humans was calculated to be 2.35 lg/kg bw per day. The derivation of a health-based guidance value (HBGV) was not considered appropriate. Instead, the margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied to assess possible health concerns. Over 6,000 analytical results for HBCDDs in food were used to estimate the exposure across dietary surveys and age groups of the European population. The most important contributors to the chronic dietary LB exposure to HBCDDs were fish meat, eggs, livestock meat and poultry. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the resulting MOE values support the conclusion that current dietary exposure to HBCDDs across European countries does not raise a health concern.An exception is breastfed infants with high milk consumption, for which the lowest MOE values may raise a health concern.

Published
2021

115. Update of the risk assessment of nickel in food and drinking water

Author

EFSA CONTAM Panel, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Guérin, Thierry, Massanyi, Peter, van Loveren, Henk, Baert, Katleen, Gergelova, Petra, Nielsen, Elsa, European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Ntzani, Evangelia, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Guérin, Thierry, Massanyi, Peter, van Loveren, Henk, Nielsen, Elsa, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Guérin, Thierry [0000-0003-4060-6616], Massanyi, Peter [0000-0002-4216-0948], van Loveren, Henk [0000-0002-1805-6198], and Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575]

Subjects
Tolerable daily intake, Percentile, margin of exposure (MOE), tolerable daily intake (TDI), 040301 veterinary sciences, Veterinary (miscellaneous), Team Toxicology, TP1-1185, Plant Science, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Adult age, 0403 veterinary science, Nickel, Environmental health, Medicine, TX341-641, VLAG, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Dietary exposure, business.industry, Chemical technology, food, Incidence (epidemiology), sensitisation, toxicity, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Young age, Scientific Opinion, dietary exposure, Toxicity, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, business, Risk assessment, Food Science
Abstract

101 p.-5 fig.-16 tab., The European Commission asked EFSA to update its previous Opinion on nickel in food and drinking water, taking into account new occurrence data, the updated benchmark dose (BMD) Guidance and newly available scientific information. More than 47,000 analytical results on the occurrence of nickel were used for calculating chronic and acute dietary exposure. An increased incidence of post‐implantation loss in rats was identified as the critical effect for the risk characterisation of chronic oral exposure and a BMDL10 of 1.3 mg Ni/kg body weight (bw) per day was selected as the reference point for the establishment of a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 13 μg/kg bw. Eczematous flare‐up reactions in the skin elicited in nickel‐sensitised humans, a condition known as systemic contact dermatitis, was identified as the critical effect for the risk characterisation of acute oral exposure. A BMDL could not be derived, and therefore, the lowest‐observed‐adverse‐effect‐level of 4.3 μg Ni/kg bw was selected as the reference point. The margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied and an MOE of 30 or higher was considered as being indicative of a low health concern. The mean lower bound (LB)/upper bound (UB) chronic dietary exposure was below or at the level of the TDI. The 95th percentile LB/UB chronic dietary exposure was below the TDI in adolescents and in all adult age groups, but generally exceeded the TDI in toddlers and in other children, as well as in infants in some surveys. This may raise a health concern in these young age groups. The MOE values for the mean UB acute dietary exposure and for the 95th percentile UB raises a health concern for nickel‐sensitised individuals. The MOE values for an acute scenario regarding consumption of a glass of water on an empty stomach do not raise a health concern., The Panel wishes to thank the following for the support provided to this scientific output: Elena Rovesti. The Panel wishes to acknowledge all European competent institutions,Member State bodies and other organisations that provided data for this scientific output.

Published
2020

116. Tu1441: EVALUATING DRUG SUSTAINABILITY, EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF BIOLOGIC AGENTS IN ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE: A SINGLE CENTER RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

Author

Golovics, Petra A., primary, Leblanc, Jean-Frederic, additional, Hahn, Gustavo, additional, Wetwittayakhlang, Panu, additional, Qatomah, Abdulrahman, additional, Wang, Anna, additional, Boodaghians, Levon, additional, Kiow, Jeremy Liu Chen, additional, Ali, Maryam Al, additional, Wild, Gary, additional, Afif, Waqqas, additional, Bitton, Alain, additional, Lakatos, Peter L., additional, and Bessissow, Talat, additional

Published
2022
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119. The ability of Riboflavin-overproducing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains to survive under gastrointestinal conditions

Author

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Mohedano Bonillo, Mari Luz [0000-0001-6748-9443], Vignolo, Graciela [0000-0003-2368-9050], De Moreno de LeBlanc, A. [0000-0003-0352-374X], Leblanc, Jean Guy [0000-0002-4634-8630], Aznar, Rosa [0000-0002-8761-8887], López, Paloma [0000-0001-8755-8952], Hernández-Alcántara, Annel M., Pardo, S., Mohedano Bonillo, Mari Luz, Vignolo, Graciela, De Moreno de LeBlanc, A., Leblanc, Jean Guy, Aznar, Rosa, López García, Paloma, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Argentina), Mohedano Bonillo, Mari Luz [0000-0001-6748-9443], Vignolo, Graciela [0000-0003-2368-9050], De Moreno de LeBlanc, A. [0000-0003-0352-374X], Leblanc, Jean Guy [0000-0002-4634-8630], Aznar, Rosa [0000-0002-8761-8887], López, Paloma [0000-0001-8755-8952], Hernández-Alcántara, Annel M., Pardo, S., Mohedano Bonillo, Mari Luz, Vignolo, Graciela, De Moreno de LeBlanc, A., Leblanc, Jean Guy, Aznar, Rosa, and López García, Paloma

Abstract

Riboflavin, vitamin B2, is essential for humans and has to be obtained from the diet. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) produce this vitamin, and they can be used for in-situ fortification of foods. This could be an alternative to supplementation with chemically synthesized vitamin, to palliate riboflavin deficiencies in specific groups of people. Moreover, if the producing LAB could survive in the gastrointestinal stress (GIT) they could be added as probiotics in this environment. In the present study we tested two riboflavin-overproducing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains (M5MA1-B2 and M9MG6-B2), spontaneous mutants of LAB isolated from chicha, a traditional Andean beverage. These two LAB, and also their isogenic strains M5MA1-B2[pRCR12] and M9MG6-B2[pRCR12], expressing the mCherry protein from the pRCR12 plasmid, were evaluated in vitro under simulated GIT conditions. Among other, specifically developed protein fluorescence assays were used. The four LAB showed similar levels of adhesion (>6.0%) to Caco-2 cells, higher than that of the probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG strain (4.51%). Thus, LAB biofilm formation was assessed in the labeled cells by intracellular mCherry fluorescence and in the unlabeled parental strains by crystal violet staining. Both methods detected the formation of consistent biofilms by the L. plantarum strains. The quantification of mCherry fluorescence was also used to analyze LAB auto-aggregation properties. High levels of auto-aggregation were detected for both M5MA1-B2[pRCR12] and M9MG6-B2[pRCR12]. Survival of LAB included in a commercial cereal-based food matrix (Incaparina) under GIT conditions was also evaluated. The four LAB were resistant in vitro to the stomach and intestinal stresses, and proliferated in this environment, indicating a protective and nutritional effect of the Incaparina on the bacteria. Also, M9MG6-B2 survival in the presence or absence of Incaparina was evaluated in vivo in a BALB/c mouse model. The adm

Published
2020

120. Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food

Author

European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Barregard, Lars [0000-0002-4662-0841], Ceccatelli, Sandra [0000-0002-9367-8480], Cravedi, Jean-Pierre [0000-0001-9247-7567], Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi [0000-0002-3488-0777], Haug,Line Smastuen [0000-0001-6746-6399], Knutsen,Helle Katrine [0000-0003-2041-8917], Roudot, Alain-Claude [0000-0001-5948-5813], Loveren, Henk van [0000-0002-1805-6198], Mackay, Karen [0000-0002-0626-2904], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Barregard, Lars, Ceccatelli, Sandra, Cravedi, Jean-Pierre, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Haug,Line Smastuen, Johansson, Niklas, Knutsen,Helle Katrine, Rose, Martin, Roudot, Alain-Claude, Loveren, Henk van, Vollmer, Günter, Mackay, Karen, Riolo, Francesca, Schwerdtle, Tanja, European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Barregard, Lars [0000-0002-4662-0841], Ceccatelli, Sandra [0000-0002-9367-8480], Cravedi, Jean-Pierre [0000-0001-9247-7567], Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi [0000-0002-3488-0777], Haug,Line Smastuen [0000-0001-6746-6399], Knutsen,Helle Katrine [0000-0003-2041-8917], Roudot, Alain-Claude [0000-0001-5948-5813], Loveren, Henk van [0000-0002-1805-6198], Mackay, Karen [0000-0002-0626-2904], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Barregard, Lars, Ceccatelli, Sandra, Cravedi, Jean-Pierre, Halldorsson, Thorhallur Ingi, Haug,Line Smastuen, Johansson, Niklas, Knutsen,Helle Katrine, Rose, Martin, Roudot, Alain-Claude, Loveren, Henk van, Vollmer, Günter, Mackay, Karen, Riolo, Francesca, and Schwerdtle, Tanja

Abstract

The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in food. Based on several similar effects in animals, toxicokinetics and observed concentrations in human blood, the CONTAM Panel decided to perform the assessment for the sum of four PFASs: PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOS. These made up half of the lower bound (LB) exposure to those PFASs with available occurrence data, the remaining contribution being primarily from PFASs with short half-lives. Equal potencies were assumed for the four PFASs included in the assessment. The mean LB exposure in adolescents and adult age groups ranged from 3 to 22, the 95th percentile from 9 to 70 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week. Toddlers and ‘other children’ showed a twofold higher exposure. Upper bound exposure was 4- to 49-fold higher than LB levels, but the latter were considered more reliable. ‘Fish meat’, ‘Fruit and fruit products’ and ‘Eggs and egg products’contributed most to the exposure. Based on available studies in animals and humans, effects on the immune system were considered the most critical for the risk assessment. From a human study, a lowest BMDL10 of 17.5 ng/mL for the sum of the four PFASs in serum was identified for 1-year-old children.Using PBPK modelling, this serum level of 17.5 ng/mL in children was estimated to correspond to longterm maternal exposure of 0.63 ng/kg bw per day. Since accumulation over time is important, a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 4.4 ng/kg bw per week was established. This TWI also protects against other potential adverse effects observed in humans. Based on the estimated LB exposure, but also reported serum levels, the CONTAM Panel concluded that parts of the European population exceed this TWI,which is of concern.

Published
2020

121. Risk assessment of glycoalkaloids in feed and food, in particular in potatoes and potato-derived products

Author

European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Brimer, Leon, Cottrill, Bruce, Dusemund, Birgit, Mulder, Patrick, Vollmer, Günter, Binaglia, Marco, Ramos Bordajandi, Luisa, Riolo, Francesca, Roldan-Torres, Ruth, European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Petersen, Annette [0000-0003-3996-2701], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Brimer, Leon, Cottrill, Bruce, Dusemund, Birgit, Mulder, Patrick, Vollmer, Günter, Binaglia, Marco, Ramos Bordajandi, Luisa, Riolo, Francesca, and Roldan-Torres, Ruth

Abstract

The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of glycoalkaloids (GAs) in feed and food. This risk assessment covers edible parts of potato plants and other food plants containing GAs, in particular, tomato and aubergine. In humans, acute toxic effects of potato GAs (a-solanine and a-chaconine) include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. For these effects, the CONTAM Panel identified a lowest-observed-adverse-effect level of 1 mg total potato GAs/kg body weight (bw) per day as a reference point for the risk characterisation following acute exposure. In humans, no evidence of health problems associated with repeated or long-term intake of GAs via potatoes has been identified. No reference point for chronic exposure could be identified from the experimental animal studies. Occurrence data were available only for a-solanine and a-chaconine, mostly for potatoes. The acute dietary exposure to potato GAs was estimated using a probabilistic approach and applying processing factors for food. Due to the limited data available, a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied. The MOEs for the younger age groups indicate a health concern for the food consumption surveys with the highest mean exposure, as well as for the P95 exposure in all surveys.For adult age groups, the MOEs indicate a health concern only for the food consumption surveys with the highest P95 exposures. For tomato and aubergine GAs, the risk to human health could not be characterised due to the lack of occurrence data and the limited toxicity data. For horses, farm and companion animals, no risk characterisation for potato GAs could be performed due to insufficient data on occurrence in feed and on potential adverse effects of GAs in these species.

Published
2020

122. Risk assessment of ochratoxin A in food

Author

Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Dall'Asta, Chiara [http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0716-8394], Mally, Angela [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5013-5080], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Schrenk, Dieter, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Alexander, Jan, Dall'Asta, Chiara, Mally, Angela, Metzler, Manfred, Binaglia, Marco, Horvath, Zsuzsanna, Steinkellner, Hans, Bignami, Margherita, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Dall'Asta, Chiara [http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0716-8394], Mally, Angela [https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5013-5080], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Schrenk, Dieter, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Alexander, Jan, Dall'Asta, Chiara, Mally, Angela, Metzler, Manfred, Binaglia, Marco, Horvath, Zsuzsanna, Steinkellner, Hans, and Bignami, Margherita

Abstract

The European Commission asked EFSA to update their 2006 opinion on ochratoxin A (OTA) in food. OTA is produced by fungi of the genus Aspergillus and Penicillium and found as a contaminant in various foods. OTA causes kidney toxicity in different animal species and kidney tumours in rodents. OTA is genotoxic both in vitro and in vivo; however, the mechanisms of genotoxicity are unclear. Direct and indirect genotoxic and non-genotoxic modes of action might each contribute to tumour formation. Since recent studies have raised uncertainty regarding the mode of action for kidney carcinogenicity, it is inappropriate to establish a health-based guidance value (HBGV) and a margin of exposure (MOE) approach was applied. For the characterisation of non-neoplastic effects, a BMDL10 of 4.73 lg/kg body weight (bw) per day was calculated from kidney lesions observed in pigs. For characterisation of neoplastic effects, a BMDL10 of 14.5 lg/kg bw per day was calculated from kidney tumours seen in rats. The estimation of chronic dietary exposure resulted in mean and 95th percentile levels ranging from 0.6 to 17.8 and from 2.4 to 51.7 ng/kg bw per day, respectively. Median OTA exposures in breastfed infants ranged from 1.7 to 2.6 ng/kg bw per day, 95th percentile exposures from 5.6 to 8.5 ng/kg bw per day in average/high breast milk consuming infants, respectively. Comparison of exposures with the BMDL10 based on the non-neoplastic endpoint resulted in MOEs of more than 200 in most consumer groups, indicating a low health concern with the exception of MOEs for high consumers in the younger age groups, indicating a possible health concern. When compared with the BMDL10 based on the neoplastic endpoint, MOEs were lower than 10,000 for almost all exposure scenarios, including breastfed infants. This would indicate a possible health concern if genotoxicity is direct. Uncertainty in this assessment is high and risk may be overestimated.

Published
2020

123. Claudio Berríos Cavieres, Hacia una modernidad arcaica. Amauta, Mariátegui y la querella en torno al indigenismo

Author

Leblanc, Jean-Ganesh

Abstract

L’ouvrage de l’historien et philosophe chilien Claudio Berríos Cavieres se propose de revenir sur une période clé de la formation du discours indigéniste au Pérou, la fin des années 1920, au travers de l’expérience singulière de la revue Amauta (1926-1930) et des écrits de son directeur José Carlos Mariátegui (1894-1930). À l’heure du renouveau de la littérature sur Mariátegui et son influence, à l’aune de l’ouverture des archives de l’Internationale Communiste (IC), mais aussi de l’importati...

Published
2022

124. Assessment of information as regards the toxicity of fumonisins for pigs, poultry and horses

Author

Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Daenicke, Sven, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Oswald, Isabelle P., Rovesti, Elena, Steinkellner, Hans, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Daenicke, Sven, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Oswald, Isabelle P., Rovesti, Elena, Steinkellner, Hans, and Hoogenboom, Laurentius

Abstract

In 2018, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) adopted a Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal health related to the presence of fumonisins, their modified forms and hidden forms in feed. A no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 1 mg/kg feed was established for pigs. In poultry a NOAEL of 20 mg/kg feed and in horses a reference point for adverse animal health effect of 8.8 mg/kg feed was established, referred to as NOAEL. The European Commission (EC) requested EFSA to review the information regarding the toxicity of fumonisins for pigs, poultry and horses and to revise, if necessary, the established NOAELs. The EFSA CONTAM Panel considered that the term reference point (RP) for adverse animal health effects better reflects the uncertainties in the available studies. New evidence which had become available since the previous opinion allowed to revise an RP for adverse animal health effects for poultry from 20 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg feed (based on a LOAEL of 2.5 mg/kg feed for reduced intestinal crypt depth) and for horses from 8.8 to 1.0 mg/kg feed (based on case studies on equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM)). For pigs, the previously established NOAEL was confirmed as no further studies suitable for deriving an RP for adverse animal health effects could be identified. Based on exposure estimates performed in the previous opinion, the risk of adverse health effects of feeds containing FB1–3 was considered a concern for poultry, when taking into account the RP of 1 mg/kg feed for intestinal effects. For horses and other solipeds, the risk is considered low, although a large uncertainty associated with exposure was identified. The same conclusions apply to the sum of FB1–3 and their hidden forms.

Published
2022

125. Assessment of information as regards the toxicity of T-2 and HT-2 toxin for ruminants

Author

Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Daenicke, Sven, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Oswald, Isabelle P., Rovesti, Elena, Steinkellner, Hans, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Daenicke, Sven, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Oswald, Isabelle P., Rovesti, Elena, Steinkellner, Hans, and Hoogenboom, Laurentius

Abstract

In 2011, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) adopted a Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal health related to the presence of T-2 (T2) and HT-2 (HT2) toxin in food and feed. No observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) and lowest observed adverse effect levels (LOAELs) were derived for different animal species. In ruminants a LOAEL was established for the sum of T2 and HT2 of 0.3 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day, based on studies with calves and lambs. The CONTAM Panel noted that the effects observed in nutritionally challenged heifers and ewes give rise to the assumption that rumen detoxification of T2 may not always be complete and therefore effective to prevent adverse effects in ruminants. However, the limited data on the effects of T2 on adult ruminants did not allow a conclusion. The European Commission requested EFSA to review the information regarding the toxicity of T2 and HT2 for ruminants and to revise, if necessary, the established Reference Point (RP). Adverse effect levels of 0.001 and 0.01 mg T2/kg bw per day for, respectively, sheep and cows, were derived from case studies, estimated to correspond to feed concentrations of 0.035 mg T2/kg for sheep and 0.6 mg T2/kg for cows. RPs for adverse animal health effects of 0.01 mg/kg feed for sheep and 0.2 mg/kg feed for cows were established. For goats, the RP for cows was selected, in the absence of data that they are more sensitive. Based on mean exposure estimates performed in the previous Opinion, the risk of adverse health effects of feeds containing T2 and HT2 was considered a concern for lactating sheep. For milking goats, a comparison performed between dietary exposure and the RP derived for cows, indicates a potential risk for adverse health effects. For dairy cows and fattening beef, the risk is considered low.

Published
2022

126. Annex B – Raw data on occurrence of HMF in bee feed

Author

Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Focks, Andreas, Gregorc, Ales, Metzler, Manfred, Sgolastra, Fabio, Tosi, Simone, Horvath, Zsuzsanna, Ippolito, Alessio, Rortais, Agnes, Steinkellner, Hans, Szentes, Csaba, Sand, Salomon, Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Focks, Andreas, Gregorc, Ales, Metzler, Manfred, Sgolastra, Fabio, Tosi, Simone, Horvath, Zsuzsanna, Ippolito, Alessio, Rortais, Agnes, Steinkellner, Hans, Szentes, Csaba, and Sand, Salomon

Abstract

HMF_raw_occurrence_zenodo.CSV contains the raw occurrence dataset on hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) contaminant as extracted from EFSA DWH in August 2021 on 219 samples of bee feed presented in the opinion as described in its section 3.2.1. Occurrence data submitted to EFSA. The data is provided in .csv format. This dataset is compliant with EFSA SSD model and contains two additional columns documenting issues identified in the cleaning process (column: issue) and the action taken (column: outcome) to address the issue (e.g. delete record or update values in specific fields)., HMF_raw_occurrence_zenodo.CSV contains the raw occurrence dataset on hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) contaminant as extracted from EFSA DWH in August 2021 on 219 samples of bee feed presented in the opinion as described in its section 3.2.1. Occurrence data submitted to EFSA. The data is provided in .csv format. This dataset is compliant with EFSA SSD model and contains two additional columns documenting issues identified in the cleaning process (column: issue) and the action taken (column: outcome) to address the issue (e.g. delete record or update values in specific fields).

Published
2022

128. Risk assessment of N‐nitrosamines in food.

Author

Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean‐Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Romualdo, Benigni, Cristina, Fortes, Stephen, Hecht, and Marco, Iammarino

Subjects
HEALTH attitudes, RISK assessment, SMOKELESS tobacco, CENSORING (Statistics), CONFIDENCE intervals, AGE groups
Abstract

EFSA was asked for a scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of N‐nitrosamines (N‐NAs) in food. The risk assessment was confined to those 10 carcinogenic N‐NAs occurring in food (TCNAs), i.e. NDMA, NMEA, NDEA, NDPA, NDBA, NMA, NSAR, NMOR, NPIP and NPYR. N‐NAs are genotoxic and induce liver tumours in rodents. The in vivo data available to derive potency factors are limited, and therefore, equal potency of TCNAs was assumed. The lower confidence limit of the benchmark dose at 10% (BMDL10) was 10 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day, derived from the incidence of rat liver tumours (benign and malignant) induced by NDEA and used in a margin of exposure (MOE) approach. Analytical results on the occurrence of N‐NAs were extracted from the EFSA occurrence database (n = 2,817) and the literature (n = 4,003). Occurrence data were available for five food categories across TCNAs. Dietary exposure was assessed for two scenarios, excluding (scenario 1) and including (scenario 2) cooked unprocessed meat and fish. TCNAs exposure ranged from 0 to 208.9 ng/kg bw per day across surveys, age groups and scenarios. 'Meat and meat products' is the main food category contributing to TCNA exposure. MOEs ranged from 3,337 to 48 at the P95 exposure excluding some infant surveys with P95 exposure equal to zero. Two major uncertainties were (i) the high number of left censored data and (ii) the lack of data on important food categories. The CONTAM Panel concluded that the MOE for TCNAs at the P95 exposure is highly likely (98–100% certain) to be less than 10,000 for all age groups, which raises a health concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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129. Risks for human health related to the presence of grayanotoxins in certain honey.

Author

Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl‐Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius, Leblanc, Jean‐Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Dusemund, Birgit, Hart, Andrew, Mulder, Patrick, and Viviani, Barbara

Subjects
HONEY, HEART beat, RESPIRATORY insufficiency, CARDIOVASCULAR system, FIREPROOFING agents, NERVOUS system
Abstract

The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for human health of the presence of grayanotoxins (GTXs) in 'certain honey' from Ericaceae plants. The risk assessment included all structurally related grayananes occurring with GTXs in 'certain' honey. Oral exposure is associated with acute intoxication in humans. Acute symptoms affect the muscles, nervous and cardiovascular systems. These may lead to complete atrioventricular block, convulsions, mental confusion, agitation, syncope and respiratory depression. For acute effects, the CONTAM Panel derived a reference point (RP) of 15.3 μg/kg body weight for the sum of GTX I and III based on a BMDL10 for reduced heart rate in rats. A similar relative potency was considered for GTX I. Without chronic toxicity studies, an RP for long‐term effects could not be derived. There is evidence for genotoxicity in mice exposed to GTX III or honey containing GTX I and III, showing increased levels of chromosomal damage. The mechanism of genotoxicity is unknown. Without representative occurrence data for the sum of GTX I and III and consumption data from Ericaceae honey, acute dietary exposure was estimated based on selected concentrations for GTX I and III reflecting concentrations measured in 'certain' honeys. Applying a margin of exposure (MOE) approach, the estimated MOEs raised health concerns for acute toxicity. The Panel calculated the highest concentrations for GTX I and III below which no acute effects would be expected following 'certain honey' consumption. The Panel is 75% or more certain that the calculated highest concentration of 0.05 mg for the sum of GTX I and III per kg honey is protective for all age groups regarding acute intoxications. This value does not consider other grayananes in 'certain honey' and does not cover the identified genotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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135. Contributors

Author

Abdolghaffari, Amir Hossein, primary, Abdollahi, Mohammad, additional, Ahanchian, Hamid, additional, Ahmad, Farah N., additional, Akbarzadeh, Fariborz, additional, Alighieri, Giovanni, additional, Amini, Amir, additional, Anadón, Arturo, additional, Anania, Caterina, additional, Annibale, Bruno, additional, Arena, Mattia Pia, additional, Arena, Angela, additional, Arés, Irma, additional, Argyri, Anthoula A., additional, Aslim, Belma, additional, Aydaş, Selcen Babaoğlu, additional, Azimi, Amirreza, additional, Ballesteros, Antonio O., additional, Barbosa, Joana, additional, Bastani, Parvin, additional, Bedani, Raquel, additional, Betta, Pasqua, additional, Biglu, Mohammad-Hossein, additional, Borges, Sandra, additional, Bucci, C., additional, Buriti, Flávia C.A., additional, Camacho-Ruiz, R.M., additional, Capozzi, Vittorio, additional, Catenazzi, Piero, additional, Celani, Camilla, additional, Chaluvadi, Saikiran, additional, Champagne, Claude P., additional, Chiesa, Claudio, additional, Clark, Eva H., additional, Collier, Robert J., additional, Colombo, Jacopo, additional, de Moreno de LeBlanc, Alejandra, additional, de Morais, Elisa Carvalho, additional, Dekker, M., additional, Di Venere, D., additional, Drago, Lorenzo, additional, Farnworth, Edward R., additional, Feleszko, Wojciech, additional, Fernandez-Arrojo, Lucia, additional, Fernández-López, J., additional, Finamore, Alberto, additional, Fiocco, Daniela, additional, Gatesoupe, F.J., additional, Ghasemi-Niri, Farnaz, additional, Giacchi, Valentina, additional, Golkhalkhali, Babak, additional, Gomez-Zavaglia, A., additional, Gooshe, Maziar, additional, Gundogdu, Zuhal, additional, Hanning, Irene, additional, Hashemi, Seyed Mohammad Bagher, additional, Hemalatha, Rajkumar, additional, Homayouni, Aziz, additional, Hotchkiss, Arland T., additional, Iovino, P., additional, Saad, Susana Marta Isay, additional, Jafarabadi, Mohammad Asghari, additional, Jafari, Seyed Ali, additional, Jamaluddin, Rosita, additional, Jeong, Ji-Kang, additional, Jirillo, Felicita, additional, Jirillo, Emilio, additional, Jones, Rheinallt M., additional, Kaur, Baljinder, additional, Kaur, Gaganjot, additional, Keshtiban, Ata K., additional, Khalili, Mohammad, additional, Khalili, Leyla, additional, Khalili, Leila, additional, Kirmiz, Nina, additional, Kumar, Manoj, additional, Lahner, Edith, additional, Lavermicocca, P., additional, LeBlanc, Jean Guy, additional, Likotrafiti, Eleni, additional, Lim, Ying-Jye, additional, Lingbeck, Jody, additional, López, Paloma, additional, Mohedano, Mª Luz, additional, Magrone, Thea, additional, Mahdavi, Reza, additional, Maleki, Davood, additional, Mallah, Fatemeh, additional, Marathe, Shreesh J., additional, Marotta, Francesco, additional, Martínez, María Aránzazu, additional, Martinez-Augustin, O., additional, Martínez-Larrañaga, María Rosa, additional, Mehrabany, Elnaz Vaghef, additional, Mills, David A., additional, Stover, Mitchel Graham, additional, Mobili, P., additional, Mohammad, Diya, additional, Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, Sakineh, additional, Redzwan, S. Mohd, additional, Monedero, Vicente, additional, Moreno Villares, Jose M., additional, Moreno-Vilet, L., additional, Morrow, Lee E., additional, Motoori, Masaaki, additional, Murthy, Jayasimha N., additional, Nácher-Vázquez, Montserrat, additional, Nagpal, Ravinder, additional, Nielsen, Dennis Sandris, additional, Nikniaz, Hossein, additional, Nikniaz, Leila, additional, Nikniaz, Zeinab, additional, Notararigo, Sara, additional, Nunes, Vânia dos Santos, additional, Orel, Rok, additional, Osman, Ali, additional, Ouwehand, Arthur C., additional, Pacifico, Lucia, additional, Panagou, Efstathios Z., additional, Park, Kun-Young, additional, Payahoo, Laleh, additional, Peluso, Ilaria, additional, Pérez-Alvarez, J.A., additional, Pérez-Ramos, Adrian, additional, Plou, Francisco J., additional, Poorbaghi, Seyedeh Leila, additional, Portales-Pérez, D.P., additional, Quigley, Eamonn M.M., additional, Ranjbar, Fatemeh, additional, Reberšak, Lea Vodušek, additional, Rhoades, Jonathan, additional, Ricke, Steven C., additional, Rodriguez-Colinas, Barbara, additional, Rodríguez-Díaz, Jesús, additional, Romano, N., additional, Russo, Pasquale, additional, Russo, F., additional, Ruszczyński, Marek, additional, Saad, Susana M.I., additional, de Medina, F. Sánchez, additional, Santonicola, A., additional, Sayas-Barberá, M.E., additional, Sciacca, Pietro, additional, Scorrano, Antonio, additional, Sendra, E., additional, Sepehrimanesh, Masood, additional, Serafini, Mauro, additional, Shek, Lynette Pei-Chi, additional, Shokrvash, Behjat, additional, Sisto, A., additional, Sivieri, Katia, additional, Skalkam, Maria Lena, additional, Soh, Shu-E, additional, Spano, Giuseppe, additional, Sugimura, Keijiro, additional, Tanaka, Koji, additional, Tassou, Chrysoula C., additional, Teixeira, Paula, additional, Tennilä, Julia, additional, Toscano, Marco, additional, Tripathi, Alok S., additional, Tymczyszyn, E., additional, Valerio, F., additional, van Zanten, Gabriella, additional, Villas Boas, Paulo José Fortes, additional, Wachholz, Patrick Alexander, additional, Watson, Ronald Ross, additional, Wiese, Maria, additional, Yadav, Hariom, additional, Yam, Kit L., additional, Yano, Masahiko, additional, Zeng, Hongliang, additional, Zhang, Yi, additional, Zheng, Baodong, additional, Ziyadi, Somayeh, additional, and Zuppa, Antonio Alberto, additional

Published
2016
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137. A European-wide dataset to uncover adaptive traits of Listeria monocytogenes to diverse ecological niches

Author

Korkealä, Hannu J., Karpíšková, Renáta, Gareis, Manfred, Ruppitsch, W., Hurtado, Ana, Lindström, Miia K., Guillier, Laurent, Cammà, Cesare, Hébraud, Michel, Blanchard, Yannick, Pomilio, Francesco, Gelbíčová, Tereza, Roussel, Sophie, Piveteau, Pascal, Bridier, Arnaud, Pietzka, Ariane Tatjana, Soumet, Christophe, Félix, Benjamin, Torresi, Marina, Radomski, Nicolas, Seyfarth, Anne Mette, Skjerdal, Taran, Wullings, Bart A., Di Pasquale, Adriano, Papić, Bojan, Douarre, Pierre Emmanuel, Felten, Arnaud, Mallet, Ludovic V., Palma, Federica, Szymczak, Barbara, Kramarenko, Toomas, Sévellec, Yann, Šteingolde, Žanete, Leroux, Aurélie, Castro, Hanna, Bulawová, Hana, Oswaldi, Verena, Cabanová, Lenka, Ascensio, Eliette, Canelhas, Monica Ricão, Leblanc, Jean Charles, Marti, Elisabet, Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Departments of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki One Health (HOH), Laboratoire de sécurité des aliments de Maisons-Alfort (LSAl), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratoire de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Niort [ANSES], Laboratoire de Fougères - ANSES, Optimisation des procédés en Agriculture, Agroalimentaire et Environnement (UR OPAALE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDIS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Veterinary Research Institute [Brno] (VRI), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise Guiseppe Caporale (IZSAM), Partenaires INRAE, Norwegian Veterinary Institute [Oslo], Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES), Swedish Food Agency, University of Ljubljana, Neiker-Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario (SPAIN), Instituto Vasco de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario [Derio] (NEIKER), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Wageningen Food Safety Research, Wageningen (WFSR), State Veterinary Institute (SVU), Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health [Helsinki], Faculty of Veterinary Medicine [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment (BIOR), Veterinary and Food Laboratory, 51006 Tartu, Estonia, Department of Molecular Biology and Epizootiology, Veterinary and Food Institute in Dolny Kubin, State Veterinary and Food Institute, NRL for Honeybee Health, 026 01 Dolny Kubin, Slovakia, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Freie Universität Berlin, Agroscope, National Food Institute [Lyngby] (Forside), and European Project: 773830, H2020-SFS-2017-1 ,One Health EJP(2018)

Subjects
ecological niches, 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche, Moleculaire Biologie & AMR, MESH: Listeria monocytogenes, 413 Veterinary science, Molecular Biology & AMR, génétique, Foodborne Diseases, Bacterial genetics, dataset, Listeriosis, bacteria, bactérie, transmission, Computer Science Applications, CONTAMINATION, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, épidémiologie, epidemiology, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, niches écologiques, Information Systems, Statistics and Probability, food-borne pathogen, Library and Information Sciences, écosystème, Education, Micro 3: Knowledge and Expertise, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Team Bacteriology, données de la recherche, Life Science, Animals, Team Bacteriologie, human, microbiologie, SDG 2 - Zero Hunger, sécurité des aliments, MESH: Foodborne Diseases, Ecosystem, Team Bacteriologie, Moleculaire Biologie & AMR, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Team Bacteriology, Molecular Biology & AMR, STRAINS, microbiology, fungi, Bacteriology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Listeria monocytogenes, SOIL, MESH: Listeriosis, PORK, genetic, humain, Micro 3: Kennis en Expertise, pathogène alimentaire, CLONES
Abstract

Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a ubiquitous bacterium that causes listeriosis, a serious foodborne illness. In the nature-to-human transmission route, Lm can prosper in various ecological niches. Soil and decaying organic matter are its primary reservoirs. Certain clonal complexes (CCs) are over-represented in food production and represent a challenge to food safety. To gain new understanding of Lm adaptation mechanisms in food, the genetic background of strains found in animals and environment should be investigated in comparison to that of food strains. Twenty-one partners, including food, environment, veterinary and public health laboratories, constructed a dataset of 1484 genomes originating from Lm strains collected in 19 European countries. This dataset encompasses a large number of CCs occurring worldwide, covers many diverse habitats and is balanced between ecological compartments and geographic regions. The dataset presented here will contribute to improve our understanding of Lm ecology and should aid in the surveillance of Lm. This dataset provides a basis for the discovery of the genetic traits underlying Lm adaptation to different ecological niches.

Published
2022

138. Study of the genomic diversity of Salmonella Agona in France: a persistent serotype?

Author

Yvon, Claire, Douarre, Pierre-Emmanuel, Leclerc, Vincent, Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Bonifait, Laetitia, Chemaly, Marianne, Baugé, Louise, Weill, François-Xavier, Pardos de la Gandara, Maria, Cadel-Six, Sabrina, and Duborgel, Françoise

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Salmonella Agona, Genomic diversity, France
Abstract

Salmonella spp. is a ubiquitous bacterium and the second most frequent cause of bacterial foodborne diseases in Europe. In this context, The French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses) monitors in France the occurrence of Salmonella strains in animal, food, feed and environment via the French National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Salmonella and the Salmonella network. The NRL focuses on active surveillance in the poultry production while the Salmonella network centralizes data of non-human Salmonella. Likewise, the Institut Pasteur (Paris) hosts the French National Reference Centre for E. coli, Shigella & Salmonella (NRC-ESS) and surveils Salmonella isolated from humans. In Europe and particularly in France, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Agona (S. Agona) appears in the top 20 of the most frequently isolated serotypes in human and non-human isolates. In France, since 2004, this serotype is mostly isolated from chicken, turkey, milk and dairy products and it has been responsible for two human outbreaks (in 2005 and 2018) linked to the consumption of contaminated infant formula1. In this study, we investigated the genomic diversity of S. Agona on a large panel of human and non-human strains collected in France since 2004 by the French NRL, the Salmonella network and the NRC-ESS. Phylogeny study was performed based on the core genome by both Single locus polymorphism (SNPs) and core-genome Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (cgMLST) analyses. Homologous recombination events were searched and a full accessory genome characterization was carried out to detect pathogenicity island, genetic elements and/or plasmids that may have an impact of the capacity of S. Agona to survive in a processing plant, to contaminate food products and to infect human. Finally, to have a global view of the diversity of this serotype, the genomes of 187 strains isolated worldwide were downloaded from Enterobase public databases and integrated to the French panel to carry out a cgMLST analysis.The phylogenetic analysis of the French strains highlighted the clonal structure of the population and revealed that ST13 is the most prevalent sequence type (ST) in France. Some strains associated to the human outbreaks seem to be linked and isolated from the same processing plant. The characterization of the accessory genome allowed us to identify genetic elements encoding resistance factors and genes conferring resistance to heavy metals and biocides, which are widely used in food processing industry. These results provide an overview of the diversity of S. Agona in France over the past two decades and allowed us to identify markers contributing to the persistence of this serotype in processing plant.

Published
2022

141. Book of Abstracts - vDEUQUA2021

Author

Abadi, Mehrdad, Abbasi, Hamidreza, Abd El-Raouf, Amr, Abdulkarim, Mubarak, Adolph, Marie-Luise, Aeschbach, Werner, Akçar, Naki, Amini, Hamideh, Andreev, Andrej, Anselmetti, Flavio S., Aumaître, Georges, Avendaño Villeda, Diana, Bartz, Melanie, Baumhauer, Roland, Bazarradnaa, Enkhtuya, Bebiolka, Anke, Behling, Hermann, Benkaddour, Abdelfattah, Binot, Franz, Birlo, Stella, Bittner, Lucas, Bliedtner, Marcel, Bolland, Alexander, Bork, Hans-Rudolf, Bouaziz, Moncef, Bourlès, Didier, Brauer, Achim, Breuer, Sonja, Bromm, Tobias, Buechi, Marius W., Burghardt, Diana, Busch, Robert, Caballero, Margarita, Carr, Andrew S., Chapkanski, Stoil, Christl, Marcus, Cosac, Marian, Dal Corso, Marta, Daniel, Thomas, Dar, Reyaz, Dave, Aditi Krishna, De Jonge, Cindy, Deplazes, Gaudenz, Dietze, Elisabeth, Dietze, Michael, Dietzel, Martin, Dreibrodt, Stefan, Drysdale, Russell, du Plessis, Nadia, Dubois, Nathalie, Duller, Geoff, Duttmann, Rainer, Duval, Mathieu, Döhlert-Albani, Norman, Egli, Markus, Einwögerer, Thomas, Elbracht, Jörg, Enters, Dirk, Enzel, Yehouda, Ertlen, Damien, Farkas, Beáta, Fattahi, Morteza, Faust, Dominik, Faybishenko, Boris, Feistmantl, Nina, Fernandez, Philippe, Ferrier, Catherine, Fiedler, Sabine, Fischer, Birgit, Fischer, Peter, Fitzsimmons, Kathryn, Fletcher, William, Frechen, Manfred, Fuchs, Margret C., Fuchs, Markus, Fuelling, Alexander, Fábián, Szabolcs, Fülling, Alexander, Garbe, Philipp, Gebhardt, Catalina, Gegg, Lukas, Geis, Anna-Lena, Geitner, Clemens, Ghanbarian, Behzad, Gianotti, Franco, Gil Romera, Graciela, Glaser, Bruno, Glückler, Ramesh, Gresina, Fruzsina, Grootes, Pieter Meiert, Guadelli, Aleta, Guadelli, Jean-Luc, Guérin, Guillaume, Haas, Jean Nicolas, Haberzettl, Torsten, Hambach, Ulrich, Hardt, Jacob, Hein, Michael, Heinrich, Hartmut, Heinrich, Susann, Herzschuh, Ulrike, Heydari, Maryam, Hildebrandt, Dominic, Hirschmann, Philip, Hofmann, Felix Martin, Hofmann, Robert, Hogrefe, Ines, Huang, Jyh-Jaan Steven, Hunt, Allen, Händel, Marc, Ivy-Ochs, Susan, Jary, Zdzisław, Jeanneret, Pilar, Jöris, Olaf, Kalicki, Tomasz, Kamleitner, Sarah, Karaschewski, Jasmin, Keddadouche, Karim, Kehl, Martin, Kern, Zoltán, Kertscher, Cathleen, Khatooni, Darvish, Khosravichenar, Azra, Kipfer, Rolf, Kirchner, André, Kirleis, Wiebke, Klaes, Björn, Knitter, Daniel, Kolb, Thomas, Konstantinovski Puntos, Cyryl, Kreienbrink, Frauke, Kreutzer, Sebastian, Kulongoski, Justin, Laag, Christian, Labahn, Jakob, Lachner, Johannes, Lak, Razyeh, Lamb, Henry F., Lampe, Reinhard, Lang, Jörg, Lange-Athinodorou, Eva, Lauer, Tobias, Leanni, Laetitia, Leblanc, Jean-Claude, Lee, An-Sheng, Lehmkuhl, Frank, Lempe, Bernhard, Lerch, Marcel, Liou, Sofia Ya Hsuan, Lisa, Lenka, Liu, Zuorui, Lomax, Johanna, Lorenz, Sebastian, Lozano García, Socorro, Madarász, Balázs, Madritsch, Herfried, Maier, Andreas, Mangelsdorf, Kai, Markovic, Slobodan, Martinez Abarca, Luis Rodrigo, Marx, Samuel, May, Jan-Hendrik, Mayr, Christoph, Meister, Julia, Merchel, Silke, Meszner, Sascha, Meyer, Juliane, Mikdad, Abdeslam, Milevski, Ivica, Mir, Jehangeer, Mischke, Steffen, Mohammadi, Ali, Monegato, Giovanni, Moreiras, Stella, Mueller, Daniela, Muratoreanu, George, Müller, Daniela, Müller, Johannes, Nadeau, Marie-Josée, Nett, Janina, Neugebauer, Ina, Ng, Jessica, Nill, Leon, Nir, Nadav, Ohlendorf, Christian, Opp, Christian, Orgeira, Maria, Ortega Guerrero, Beatriz, Pasda, Clemens, Pasda, Kerstin, Penkman, Kirsty, Peric, Zoran, Pichat, Sylvain, Piller, Werner, Polgar, Irene, Prendergast, Amy, Preusser, Frank, Prud'homme, Charlotte, Pötter, Stephan, Quick, Lynne J., Rambeau, Claire, Reichert, Markus, Reimann, Tony, Reiss, Lilian, Roettig, Christopher-Bastian, Rolf, Christian, Russell, James, Ruszkiczay-Rüdiger, Zsófia, Ryzner, Kamila, Sahakyan, Lilit, Salazar, Gary, Salomon, Ferréol, Sardar Abadi, Mehrdad, Sarı, Selma, Scardia, Giancarlo, Schiestl, Robert, Schimmelpfennig, Irene, Schirmer, Wolfgang, Schmidt, Christoph, Schmidt, Johannes, Schmitt, Laurent, Schneider, Birgit, Schulte, Philipp, Schulze, Tabea, Schunke, Torsten, Schwab, Markus J., Schwahn, Lea, Schwamborn, Georg, Schwark, Lorenz, Schäfer, Dieter, Schütt, Brigitta, Seltzer, Alan, Selzer, Johnnes, Severinghaus, Jeffrey, Shah, Rayees, Simon, Ulrich, Sirakov, Nikolay, Sirakova, Svoboda, Sontag-González, Mariana, Sprafke, Tobias, Stahlschmidt, Mareike, Stauber, Theresa, Steier, Peter, Steiner, Martin, Stojakowits, Philipp, Strobel, Paul, Stroessner, Kathrin, Struck, Julian, Stute, Martin, Stutzriemer, Marika, Stäuble, Harald, Szidat, Sönke, Taneva, Stanimira, Tanner, David, ASTER, Team, Temovski, Marjan, Tinapp, Christian, Tjallingii, Rik, Trappe, Julian, Tylmann, Wojciech, Ulfers, Arne, Ullmann, Tobias, Urban, Brigitte, van Meer, Mike, Varga, György, Veres, Daniel, Verstraeten, Gert, Videiko, Michail, Vinnepand, Mathias, Vockenhuber, Christof, Vogel, Hendrik, Voigt, Silke, von Suchodoletz, Hans, Vött, Andreas, Weiß, Marcel, Werther, Lukas, Wolf, Daniel, Wonik, Thomas, Wrozyna, Claudia, Wunderlich, Tina, Zech, Michael, Zech, Roland, Zeeden, Christian, Zielhofer, Christoph, Zolitschka, Bernd, Zöller, Ludwig, Żurek, Krzysztof, von Suchodoletz, Hans, Dietze, Elisabeth, Dietze, Michael, Meister, Julia, Wrozyna, Claudia, Zeeden, Christian, Kreutzer, Sebastian, and Hildebrandt, Dominic

Subjects
Quaternary, Conference abstracts, Geoscience
Abstract

Collection of conference abstracts presented at the vDEUQUA2021 (2021-09-30 to 2021-09-01), the virtual meeting of the German Quaternary Association (DEUQUA).

Published
2021
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142. The last 30,000 to 600,000 years ago: unravelling the timing of human settlement for the Palaeolithic site of Kozarnika

Author

Heydari, Maryam, Guérin, Guillaume, Sirakov, Nikolay, Fernandez, Philippe, Ferrier, Catherine, Guadelli, Aleta, Leblanc, Jean-Claude, Taneva, Stanimira, Sirakova, Svoboda, Guadelli, Jean-Luc, Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT-Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l’archéologie (IRAMAT-CRP2A), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archaeological Institute and Museum (NAIM), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute of Immovable Cultural Heritage, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commission consultative des recherches archéologiques à l’étranger du Ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires Étrangères, FrancePACEA-UMR5199 CNRS, Université de BordeauxIRAMAT-CRP2A, Univ. Bordeaux 3, German Quaternary Association, The first human settlements in the Balkans in their physical and biological contexts (National Institute of Archaeology with Museum of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences / PACEA UMR5199 CNRS / Mission Paléolithique de Bulgarie [MEAE]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000, Rennes, France

Subjects
Pleistocene, Paleolithic, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Luminescence dating, Kozarnika, Balkans, Bulgarie, Datation par Luminescence, OSL, Paléolithique, Bulgaria, Pléistocène
Abstract

International audience; Kozarnika cave is a renowned prehistoric site in the Balkans. It contributes significantly to our understanding of the human past due to its rich assemblages associated with the Lower to Upper Palaeolithic periods. The cave was first mentioned in the prehistoric survey carried out before 1933. Years after, in 1996, the site was excavated systematically by Bulgarian-French researchers (Guadelli et al., 2005).Notably, various chronological dating methods have been employed alongside the excavation to unravel the timing of humans' occupation in Kozarnika. Radiocarbon dating was applied to unfold the timeframe for the Kozarnikian tradition uncovered in the Upper Palaeolithic sequence of the cave, and paleomagnetic dating assigned the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal to the layer beneath the Lower Palaeolithic assemblages with the age of 780 ka (Muttoni et al., 2017).This study presents our contribution of employing luminescence-dating methods (OSL, IRSL, pIRIR, VSL, IR-RF) to unravel the reliable timeframes for several geological units and archaeological assemblages. A vast body of techniques has been put together, enabling us to date sediment samples containing the assemblages attributed earlier to the Upper, Middle, and Lower Palaeolithic periods (Guadelli et al., 2005; Sirakov et al., 2010). Our results unravelled that the inhabitants of Kozarnika occupied that region from ca 30 to 600 ka, showing general accordance with the previous dating.

Published
2021

144. Scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids in feed and food, in particular in lupins and lupin-derived products

Author

Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Arcella, Davide [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3179-1426], Cascio, Claudia [0000-0002-3810-4134], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Schrenk, Dieter, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Alexander, Jan, Cottrill, Bruce, Dusemund, Birgit, Mulder, Patrick, Arcella, Davide, Baert, Katleen, Cascio, Claudia, Steinkellner, Hans, Bignami, Margherita, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Arcella, Davide [https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3179-1426], Cascio, Claudia [0000-0002-3810-4134], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Schrenk, Dieter, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Alexander, Jan, Cottrill, Bruce, Dusemund, Birgit, Mulder, Patrick, Arcella, Davide, Baert, Katleen, Cascio, Claudia, Steinkellner, Hans, and Bignami, Margherita

Abstract

The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) in feed and food. This risk assessment is limited to QAs occurring in Lupinus species/varieties relevant for animal and human consumption in Europe (i.e. Lupinus albus L., Lupinus angustifolius L., Lupinus luteus L. and Lupinus mutabilis Sweet). Information on the toxicity of QAs in animals and humans is limited. Following acute exposure to sparteine (reference compound), anticholinergic effects and changes in cardiac electric conductivity are considered to be critical for human hazard characterisation. The CONTAM Panel used a margin of exposure (MOE) approach identifying a lowest single oral effective dose of 0.16 mg sparteine/kg body weight as reference point to characterise the risk following acute exposure. No reference point could be identified to characterise the risk of chronic exposure. Because of similar modes of action for QAs, the CONTAM Panel used a group approach assuming dose additivity. For food, the highest mean concentration of Total QAs (TotQAs) (i.e. the 6 most abundant QAs) was found in lupin seed samples classified as ‘Lupins (dry) and similar-’. Due to the limited data on occurrence and consumption, dietary exposure was calculated for some specific scenarios and no full human health risk characterisation was possible. The calculated margin of exposures (MOEs) may indicate a risk for some consumers. For example, when lupin seeds are consumed without a debittering step, or as debittered lupin seeds high in QA content and when ‘lupin-based meat imitates’ are consumed. For horses, companion and farm animals, other than salmonids, the available database on adverse effects was too limited to identify no-observed-adverse-effect levels and/or lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels and no risk characterisation was possible. For salmonids, the CONTAM Panel considers the risk for adverse effects to be

Published
2019

145. Evaluation of calcium lignosulfonate as a acceptable previous cargo for edible fats and oils

Author

Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Wallace, Heather, Grob, Konrad, Castle, Laurence, Christodoulidou, Anna, Vleminckx, Christiane, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Nielsen, Elsa, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Wallace, Heather, Grob, Konrad, Castle, Laurence, Christodoulidou, Anna, and Vleminckx, Christiane

Abstract

Shipping of edible fats and oils into Europe is permitted in bulk tanks, provided that the previous cargo is included in a positive list. The European Commission requested EFSA to evaluate the acceptability of calcium lignosulfonate as previous cargo for fats and oils. The evaluation was based on the same criteria as those used for the evaluation of the substances currently on the list in the Annex to Commission Directive 96/3/EC as a acceptable previous cargoes for edible fats and oils. In 2017, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM Panel) concluded that calcium lignosulfonate did not meet the acceptability criteria, due to uncertainties as regards the composition and toxicity of its low-molecular weight fraction (LMWF) below 1,000 Da. In the current evaluation, new information, showing lack of genotoxicity of the LMWF isolated from a technical grade of calcium lignosulfonate was provided. Due to uncertainties regarding the presence of lignosulfonate components below 200 Da in this LMWF tested for genotoxicity, the CONTAM Panel concluded that the information provided was insufficient to assess the acceptability of calcium lignosulfonate as previous cargo. The Panel recommends a better analysis of the LMWF and a new genotoxicity test using this LMWF, including components < 200 Da, and evidence that the tested material is representative of the LMWF in products intended to be shipped as previous cargo for edible fat and oils.

Published
2019

146. Risk assessment of chlorinated paraffins in feed and food

Author

European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Leonards, Pim [0000-0002-3052-8848], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Brüschweiler, Beat, Leonards, Pim, Rose, Martin, Binaglia, Marco, Horvath, Zsuzsanna, Bordajandi, Luisa R., Nielsen, Elsa, European Commission, Schrenk, Dieter [0000-0002-7717-5533], Bodin, Laurent [0000-0001-5671-3139], Del Mazo, Jesús [0000-0003-3269-3895], Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina [0000-0003-4889-6531], Hogstrand, Christer [0000-0001-7545-6975], Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron) [0000-0002-8913-5328], Leblanc, Jean-Charles [0000-0003-2872-3414], Ntzani, Evangelia [0000-0003-3712-4181], Sand, Salomon [0000-0002-3360-0534], Schwerdtle, Tanja [0000-0002-4873-7488], Vleminckx, Christiane [0000-0002-9928-1601], Leonards, Pim [0000-0002-3052-8848], Nielsen, Elsa [0000-0002-6874-2575], Bignami, Margherita [0000-0002-1525-6864], Schrenk, Dieter, Bignami, Margherita, Bodin, Laurent, Chipman, James Kevin, Del Mazo, Jesús, Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina, Hogstrand, Christer, Hoogenboom, Laurentius (Ron), Leblanc, Jean-Charles, Nebbia, Carlo Stefano, Ntzani, Evangelia, Petersen, Annette, Sand, Salomon, Schwerdtle, Tanja, Vleminckx, Christiane, Wallace, Heather, Brüschweiler, Beat, Leonards, Pim, Rose, Martin, Binaglia, Marco, Horvath, Zsuzsanna, Bordajandi, Luisa R., and Nielsen, Elsa

Abstract

The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of chlorinated paraffins in feed and food. The data for experimental animals were reviewed and the CONTAM Panel identified the liver, kidney and thyroid as the target organs for the SCCP and MCCP mixtures tested in repeated dose toxicity studies. Decreased pup survival and subcutaneous haematoma/haemorrhage were also identified as critical effects for an MCCP mixture. For the LCCP mixtures tested, the liver was identified as the target organ. The Panel selected as reference points a BMDL10 of 2.3 mg/kg bw per day for increased incidence of nephritis in male rats, and of 36 mg/kg bw per day for increased relative kidney weights in male and female rats for SCCPs and MCCPs, respectively. For LCCPs, a reference point relevant for humans could not be identified. Due to the limitations in the toxicokinetic and toxicological database, the Panel concluded that derivation of a health-based guidance value was not appropriate. Only limited data on the occurrence of SCCPs and MCCPs in some fish species were submitted to EFSA. No data were submitted for LCCPs. Thus, a robust exposure assessment and consequently a complete risk characterisation could not be performed. A preliminary risk characterisation based only on the consumption of fish was performed, and the calculated margins of exposure suggested no health concern for this limited scenario. The Panel noted that dietary exposure will be higher due to the contribution of CPs from other foods. The Panel was not able to identify reference points for farm animals, horses and companion animals. No occurrence data for feed were submitted to EFSA.Therefore, no risk characterisation could be performed for any of these animal species.

Published
2019

149. Effects of harvesting intensity, vegetation control and fertilization on 5–20 year post-harvest N availability in boreal jack pine and black spruce forest soils in northern Ontario, Canada

Author

Hazlett, Paul W., primary, Emilson, Caroline E., additional, Morris, Dave M., additional, Fleming, Robert L., additional, Hawdon, Laura A., additional, Leblanc, Jean-Denis, additional, Primavera, Mark J., additional, Weldon, Tom P., additional, Kwiaton, Martin M., additional, and Hoepting, Michael K., additional

Published
2021
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150. Probiotics and Trained Immunity

Author

Cortes-Perez, Naima G., primary, de Moreno de LeBlanc, Alejandra, additional, Gomez-Gutierrez, Jorge G., additional, LeBlanc, Jean Guy, additional, and Bermúdez-Humarán, Luis G., additional

Published
2021
Full Text
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