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We present the first observations of foreground Lyα forest absorption from high-redshift galaxies, targeting 24 star-forming galaxies (SFGs) with z ∼ 2.3-2.8 within a 5′ × 14′ region of the COSMOS field. The transverse sightline separation is ∼2 h-1 Mpc comoving, allowing us to create a tomographic reconstruction of the three-dimensional (3D) Lyα forest absorption field over the redshift range 2.20 ≤ z ≤ 2.45. The resulting map covers 6 h-1 Mpc × 14 h-1 Mpc in the transverse plane and 230 h-1 Mpc along the line of sight with a spatial resolution of ≈3.5 h-1 Mpc, and is the first high-fidelity map of a large-scale structure on ∼ Mpc scales at z > 2. Our map reveals significant structures with ≳10 h-1 Mpc extent, including several spanning the entire transverse breadth, providing qualitative evidence for the filamentary structures predicted to exist in the high-redshift cosmic web. Simulated reconstructions with the same sightline sampling, spectral resolution, and signal-to-noise ratio recover the salient structures present in the underlying 3D absorption fields. Using data from other surveys, we identified 18 galaxies with known redshifts coeval with our map volume, enabling a direct comparison with our tomographic map. This shows that galaxies preferentially occupy high-density regions, in qualitative agreement with the same comparison applied to simulations. Our results establish the feasibility of the CLAMATO survey, which aims to obtain Lyα forest spectra for ∼1000 SFGs over ∼1deg2 of the COSMOS field, in order to map out the intergalactic medium large-scale structure at 〈z〉 ∼ 2.3 over a large volume (100 h-1 Mpc)3.

Simple Summary: Brain metastases (BMs) are common in cancer patients, and stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) is a preferred treatment. This retrospective study analyzed patients treated with SRT for a single BM and compared two subgroups: "Cohort 1" (no cerebral re-irradiation) and "Cohort 2" (received subsequent SRT sessions for recurrence). Patients treated with SRT for a single BM between January 2010 and June 2020 were included. Cohort 1 had 152 patients, and Cohort 2 had 46 patients. Cohort 2 had younger patients with higher Karnofsky performance status (KPS). Median overall survival was longer in Cohort 2 (21.8 months) compared to Cohort 1 (6.1 months). Recurrence rates were higher in Cohort 2 (p < 0.001), likely due to patient selection and longer survival. Age and KPS were predictive of survival, especially for patients under 65 with KPS > 80. Age and KPS predict better survival in patients with BMs. Background: Brain metastases (BMs) frequently occur in cancer patients, and stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) is a preferred treatment option. In this retrospective study, we analyzed patients treated by SRT for a single BM during their first SRT session and we compared two subgroups: "Cohort 1" with patients did not undergo cerebral re-irradiation and "Cohort 2" with patients received at least one subsequent SRT session for cerebral recurrence. Methods: We included patients who received SRT for a single BM between January 2010 and June 2020. Cohort 1 comprised 152 patients, and Cohort 2 had 46 patients. Results: Cohort 2 exhibited younger patients with higher Karnofsky performance status (KPS). Median overall survival was considerably longer in Cohort 2 (21.8 months) compared to Cohort 1 (6.1 months). Local and cerebral recurrence rates were significantly higher in Cohort 2 (p < 0.001), attributed to patient selection and longer survival. The combined score of age and KPS proved to be a predictive factor for survival, with patients under 65 years of age and KPS > 80 showing the best survival rates in the overall population. Conclusion: This retrospective study highlights that the combined score of age and KPS can predict better survival, especially for patients under 65 years with a KPS score above 80. Further research involving larger and more diverse populations is essential to validate and expand upon these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the complex interplay of sound, voice, and silence in the cultural, social, and political landscape of the United States. Topics include Amanda Gorman's poetic reframing of silence and noise as political tools, the development of "Sound Studies" as a means of exploring American identity through auditory dimensions, and the role of media in shaping and manipulating voices across racial, gendered, and ideological lines.

By using an ultradeep JWST/MIRI image at 5.6 μ m in the Hubble eXtreme Deep Field, we constrain the role of strong H α emitters (HAEs) during "cosmic reionization" at z ≃ 7–8. Our sample of HAEs is comprised of young (<35 Myr) galaxies, except for one single galaxy (≈300 Myr), with low stellar masses (≲109 M ⊙). These HAEs show a wide range of rest-frame UV continuum slopes (β), with a median value of β = −2.15 ± 0.21, which broadly correlates with stellar mass. We estimate the ionizing photon production efficiency (ξ ion,0) of these sources (assuming f esc,LyC = 0%), which yields a median value log 10 (ξ ion , 0 / (Hz erg − 1)) = 25.50 − 0.12 + 0.10 . We show that ξ ion,0 positively correlates with H α equivalent width and specific star formation rate. Instead ξ ion,0 weakly anticorrelates with stellar mass and β. Based on the β values, we predict f esc , LyC = 4 % − 2 + 3 , which results in log 10 (ξ ion / (Hz erg − 1)) = 25.55 − 0.13 + 0.11 . Considering this and related findings from the literature, we find a mild evolution of ξ ion with redshift. Additionally, our results suggest that these HAEs require only modest escape fractions (f esc,rel) of 6%–15% to reionize their surrounding intergalactic medium. By only considering the contribution of these HAEs, we estimated their total ionizing emissivity ( N ̇ ion ) as N ̇ ion = 10 50.53 ± 0.45 s − 1 Mpc − 3 . When comparing their N ̇ ion with non-HAE galaxies across the same redshift range, we find that that strong, young, and low-mass emitters may have played an important role during cosmic reionization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bulk band inversions in solids may unlock topological surface phenomena and symmetry-protected states. Here, the authors generate a surface state band inversion in the nonsymmorphic semimetal NbGeSb, leading to protected crossing points in the resulting spin-orbital entangled surface band structure.

The cumulant ratios up to fourth order of the Z distributions of the largest fragment in spectator fragmentation following 107,124Sn+Sn and 124La+Sn collisions at 600 MeV/nucleon have been investigated. They are found to exhibit the signatures of a second-order phase transition established with cubic bond percolation and previously observed in the ALADIN experimental data for fragmentation of 197Au projectiles at similar energies. The deduced pseudocritical points are found to be only weakly dependent on the A/Z ratio of the fragmenting spectator source. The same holds for the corresponding chemical freeze-out temperatures of close to 6 MeV.The experimental cumulant distributions are quantitatively reproduced with the Statistical Multifragmentation Model and parameters used to describe the experimental fragment multiplicities, isotope distributions and their correlations with impact-parameter related observables in these reactions. The characteristic coincidence of the zero transition of the skewness with the minimum of the kurtosis excess appears to be a generic property of statistical models and is found to coincide with the maximum of the heat capacity in the canonical thermodynamic fragmentation model.

The elliptic flow ratio of neutrons versus protons in heavy-ion collisions (HICs) is one of the important probes to constrain the nuclear symmetry energy, however measuring the flow of neutrons with high precision is a great challenge for experimental techniques. In this work, the elliptic flow of protons is studied and it is found that the rapidity at which the sign of v2 changes from negative to positive is sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy. By comparing the existing FOPI experimental data for proton flows to the calculations with the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model, the slope parameter of the nuclear symmetry energy is extracted to be L0=43±20 MeV at 95% confidence level. This is in good agreement with many recent results from investigations of nuclear structure properties and also partly overlaps with the recent result of the ASY-EOS experiment. Keywords: Nuclear symmetry energy, Transport model, Heavy ion collision, Elliptic flow

We report the synthesis in large quantity of highly pure magnetosomes for medical applications. For that, magnetosomes are produced by MSR-1 Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense magnetotactic bacteria using minimal growth media devoid of uncharacterized and toxic products prohibited by pharmaceutical regulation, i.e., yeast extract, heavy metals different from iron, and carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic agents. This method follows two steps, during which bacteria are first pre-amplified without producing magnetosomes and are then fed with an iron source to synthesize magnetosomes, yielding, after 50 h of growth, an equivalent OD565 of ~8 and 10 mg of magnetosomes in iron per liter of growth media. Compared with magnetosomes produced in non-minimal growth media, those particles have lower concentrations in metals other than iron. Very significant reduction or disappearance in magnetosome composition of zinc, manganese, barium, and aluminum are observed. This new synthesis method paves the way towards the production of magnetosomes for medical applications.

This paper analyzes how the teenage soap Gossip Girl was crucial to the gendered strategy by which The CW (2006-2012) defined itself in the post-network era. The CW relied on narrowcasting, branding, and transmedia to attract and keep a very specific share of the audience in order to create a viable fifth network. Analyzing The CW’s early years through Gossip Girl casts light on the evolutions that shaped US television industry’s during this period, from the renewed interest in female audiences to economic and technological convergence.

We present the first determination of the energy-dependent amplitudes of N⁎ resonances extracted from their decay in KΛ pairs in p+p→pK+Λ reactions. A combined Partial Wave Analysis of seven data samples with exclusively reconstructed p+p→pK+Λ events measured by the COSY-TOF, DISTO, FOPI and HADES Collaborations in fixed target experiments at kinetic energies between 2.14 to 3.5 GeV is used to determine the amplitude of the resonant and non-resonant contributions into the associated strangeness final state. The contribution of seven N⁎ resonances with masses between 1650 MeV/c2 and 1900 MeV/c2 for an excess energy between 0 and 600 MeV has been considered. The Σ–p cusp and final state interactions for the p–Λ channel are also included as coherent contributions in the PWA. The N⁎ contribution is found to be dominant with respect to the phase space emission of the pKΛ+ final state at all energies demonstrating the important role played by both N⁎ and interference effects in hadron–hadron collisions. Keywords: Partial wave analysis, Resonance, Hadrons, Strangeness, Scattering length, Hyperon–nucleon interaction

Background: The nuclear incompressibility (K0) plays a crucial role in understanding diverse phenomena in nuclear structure and reactions, as well as in astrophysics. Heavy-ion-collision measurements in combination with transport model simulations serve as important tools for extracting the nuclear incompressibility. However, uncertainties in transport models (or model dependence) partly affect the reliability of the extracted result. Purpose: In the present work, by using the recently measured data of rapidity-dependent flows, we constrain the incompressibility of nuclear matter and analyze the impact of model uncertainties on the obtained value. Method: The method is based on the newly updated version of the ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model in which the Skyrme potential energy-density functional is introduced. Three different Skyrme interactions which give different incompressibilities varying from K0=201 to 271 MeV are adopted. The incompressibility is deduced from the comparison of the UrQMD model simulations and the FOPI data for rapidity-dependent elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions at beam energies 0.4A–1.0A GeV. Results: The elliptic flow v2 as a function of rapidity y0 can be well described by a quadratic fit v2=v20+v22⋅y02. It is found that the quantity v2n defined by v2n=|v20|+|v22| is quite sensitive to the incompressibility K0 and the in-medium nucleon–nucleon cross section, but not sensitive to the slope parameter L of the nuclear symmetry energy. Conclusions: With the FU3FP4 parametrization of the in-medium nucleon–nucleon cross section, an averaged K0=220±40 MeV is extracted from the v2n of free protons and deuterons. However, remaining systematic uncertainties, partly related to the choice of in-medium nucleon–nucleon cross sections, are of the same magnitude (±40 MeV). Overall, the rapidity dependent elliptic flow supports a soft symmetric-matter equation-of-state.