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146 results on '"Lazarević, Jelica"'

101. The effect of the allelochemical quercetin on the survival of Lymantria dispar L

Author: Perić Mataruga, Vesna, Lazarević, Jelica, and Nenadović, Vera
Abstract: "null"
Published: 2001

102. Proteinase inhibitors and the potential of their application in insect pest management

Author: Ninković, Slavica, Miljuš-Đukić, Jovanka D., and Lazarević, Jelica
Subjects: resistance, insect pests, fungi, food and beverages, proteinase inhibitors, transgenic plants, antibiosis/antixenosis
Abstract: Proteinase inhibitors (PI) are defense proteins in plants. In interaction with other chemicals, they determine plant resistance to herbivorous insects. Regarding the fact that their target sites are proteinases, central control elements in insect development, producing transgenic plants with PI genes could be an efficient pest management strategy. There are numerous examples of successfully transformed plants. However, the level of control have not justified their commercial use as many insects can quickly adapt to the presence of PI in food. Factors that must be taken into consideration in selection of appropriate inhibitor are reviewed in this paper. It is important to know: (1)specificity and binding capacity of PI as well as its sensitivity to plant proteinases, (2)regulatory mechanisms of the expression of genes determining proteinases in insects and PI in plants (3)genetic variability of resistance and tolerance in plant and insect populations and (4)effects of PI on predators and parasites of herbivorous insects as well as other useful insects such as pollinators. null
Published: 2001

103. Uticaj temperature i kvaliteta hrane na varijabilnost komponenti adaptivne vrednosti i fiziologiju varenja larvi gubara Lymantria dispar L.

Author: Lazarević, Jelica, Stojković, Biljana, Šešlija-Jovanović, Darka, Janković-Tomanić, Milena Ž., Lazarević, Jelica, Stojković, Biljana, Šešlija-Jovanović, Darka, and Janković-Tomanić, Milena Ž.
Abstract: Temperatura i kvalitet hrane utiču na performansu larvi gubara, Lymantria dispar L. nezavisno ili u međusobnoj interakciji. Strategije preživljavanja larvi gubara u temperaturno kao i nutritivno heterogenoj sredini obuhvataju različite tipove reverzibilne i ireverzibilne fenotipske plastičnosti, koje preko uticaja na usvajanje i raspodelu resursa utiču na osobine životne istorije i rezistentnost prema ekstremnim uslovima životne sredine. U cilju ispitivanja efekata temperature i kvaliteta hrane, tj. sadržaja proteina i ugljenih hidrata u hrani na komponente adaptivne vrednosti, kao i ekspresiju genetičke varijabilnosti, larve gubara su izložene delovanju tri različite temperature (suboptimalna, optimalna i supraoptimalna) i 4 kombinacije hranljivog sastava dijete, koje su se međusobno razlikovale kako u ukupnom sadržaju proteina i ugljenih hidrata, tako i u njihovom međusobnom odnosu. U istim eksperimentalnim uslovima ispitivana je uloga procesa varenja, odnosno aktivnosti digestivnih enzima u usklađivanju odnosa i količine unetih nutienata sa potrebama organizma na različitim temperaturama. Takođe, ispitan je uticaj nutritivne vrednosti i balansiranosti hrane na senzitivnost gubara prema stresnim temperaturama. Nepovoljne temperature i nizak sadržaj proteina u hrani, kao i disbalans proteina u odnosu na ugljene hidrate, smanjuju performansu larvi gubara. Uticaji temperature i kvaliteta hrane na komponente adaptivne vrednosti: preživljavanje, trajanje razvića, masu i relativnu brzinu rasta, uglavnom su međusobno nezavisni. Pokazano je da povišena temperatura smanjuje preživljavanje i trajanje razvića larvi ali dovodi do povećanja relativne brzine rasta. Nutritivni sastav hrane nije uticao na preživljavanje, ali je nizak sadržaj proteina u hrani dovodio do produžavanja razvića, smanjenja mase i relativne brzine rasta larvi. Relativna brzina rasta larvi je bila manja i pri visokom sadržaju ugljenih hidrata u hrani, dok je smanjenje mase larvi na hrani sa niskim sadrža, Temperature and food quality affect the performance of gypsy moth larvae Lymantria dispar L. independently or in an interaction with each other. Survival strategies of gypsy moth larvae in temperature and nutritionally heterogeneous environments include various types of reversible and irreversible phenotypic plasticity, which due to the effect of uptake and distribution of resources affect the life-history traits and resistance to extreme environmental conditions. In order to investigate the direct and interactive effects of temperature and food quality on fitness components, as well as the expression of genetic variation, gypsy moth larvae were exposed to three different temperatures (suboptimal, optimal and supraoptimal) and 4 sets of nutrient composition of the diet, which differed in protein and carbohydrate content. Under the same experimental conditions, the role of digestion and digestive enzyme activity in adjusting nutrient quantity and ratio with organism needs at different temperatures was investigated. Also, it was investigated the effect of nutritional value of the food on sensitivity of gypsy moth larvae to stressful temperatures. An adverse temperature and low protein content in food, as well as an imbalance of protein compared to carbohydrates, reduced performance of gypsy moth larvae. Effects of temperature and food quality on fitness components - survival, developmental time, larval weight and relative growth rate were mainly independent. It has been shown that elevated temperature reduces survival and duration of development, but leads to an increase of the relative growth rate. Nutritional composition of food had no effect on survival, but the low protein content led to prolonged developmental time, reduced larval weight and relative growth rate of gypsy moth larvae. The relative growth rate of larvae was lower if carbohydrate content in food was high, while larval weight reduction was greater if protein content was low and the carbohydrate conte
Published: 2012

104. Ekspresija gena za inhibitore cisteinskih proteinaza (OCI i OCII) u transformisanim biljkama krompira (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Author: Ninković, Slavica, Radović, Svetlana, Lazarević, Jelica, Miljuš-Đukić, Jovanka, Cingel, Aleksandar, Ninković, Slavica, Radović, Svetlana, Lazarević, Jelica, Miljuš-Đukić, Jovanka, and Cingel, Aleksandar
Abstract: Kombinovanje ili “slaganje” različitih gena u transgenim biljkama radi postizanja uspešnije kontrole patogena i štetočina i/ili većeg prinosa predstavlja jednu od glavnih oblasti istraživanja savremene biotehnologije. Orizacistatini I i II (OCI i OCII), proteinazni inhibitori različitih specifičnosti, pokazali su potencijal u kontroli štetočina koje koriste cisteinske proteinaze za digestiju proteina. Da bi se pojačao njihov inhibitorni potencijal i, eventualno, povećala efikasnost ovih inhibitora u kontroli štetočina, oba cistatina su koeksprimirana u transformisanim biljkama tri sorte krompira. “Slaganje” orizacistatinskih gena kod sorti Dragačevka i Dezire ostvareno je postupkom ko-transformacije i zabeležena je frekvenca kointegracije OCI i OCII gena od 20-22%. Kod sorte Jelica sekvencijalna re-transformacija se pokazala kao efikasniji pristup: frekvenca integracije OCII gena nakon re-transformacije OCI-transformisane linije iznosila je 91%. Istovremeno, “slaganje” dva orizacistatnska gena, bilo postupkom ko- ili re-transformacije, postignuto je upotrebom nptII gena kao jedinog selekcionog markera. Ekspresija OCI i OCII gena indukovana povređivanjem i akumulacija biološki aktivnih rekombinantnih OCI i OCII proteina potvrđena je kod svih analiziranih OCI/OCII transformisanih linija krompira. OCI/OCII linije krompira nisu ispoljavale značajna odstupanja od normalnog fenotipa, što ukazuje na nizak nivo somaklonalnih varijacija i odsustvo uticaja rekombinantnih OCI i OCII na metabolizam biljke domaćina. Iako nije uticala na preživljavanje, ishrana larvi krompirove zlatice (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) listovima krompira koji eksprimiraju oba orizacistatina imala je značajan uticaj na različite osobine performanse rasta i razvića larvi. Larve hranjene transformisanim listovima su se presvlačile ranije, i tokom L2 i L3 stupnja uvećavale masu do 29,7% brže i konzumirale listove do 29,1% brže u odnosu na one hranjene netransformisanim listovima. Istovremeno, larve na, The combination or stacking different genes in transgenic plants to achieve disease and pest control and/or higher crop yield is one of a major method of contemporary biotechnology. Oryzacystatins I and II (OCI and OCII), inhibitors with different specificity, show potential in controlling pests that utilize cysteine proteinases for protein digestion. To strengthen this inhibitory range and, possibly, achieve an additive effect in the overall efficiency of these proteins against pests, both cystatins were co-expressed in three potato cultivars. Oryzacystatin genes pyramiding in Dragačevka and Desiree cultivars were achieved by co-transformation with OCI and OCII genes co-integration frequency of 20-22%. For Jelica cultivar sequential re-transformation was more efficient approach: OCII gene integration frequency following re-transformation of an OCI-expressing line was 91%. Additionally, pyramiding of different oryzacystatin genes, by co- or re-transformation approach, were achieved using the nptII gene as the only selection marker. Wounding induction of OCI and OCII gene transcripts and accumulation of biologically active OCI and OCII recombinant proteins was confirmed in all analyzed OCI/OCII transformed lines. OCI/OCII potato lines did not exhibit morphological abnormalities, indicating low level of somaclonal variation or interference of the recombinant OCI or OCII with host plant metabolism. In the absence of significant mortality, feeding Colorado potato beetle larvae (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) on OCI/OCII-expressing foliage had an impact on various aspects of the growth and developmental performances of larvae. Larvae feeding on transformed potato leaves tended to molt earlier and, especially during L2-L3 stages, gain weight up to 29.7% faster and consume leaf material up to 29.1% faster, compared to those on untransformed foliage. Larvae on OCI/OCII foliage were also reach maximum weight gained three days earlier and slow down earlier in preparation for
Published: 2012

105. Uticaj temperature i kvaliteta hrane na varijabilnost komponenti adaptivne vrednosti i fiziologiju varenja larvi gubara Lymantria dispar L.

Author: Stojković, Biljana, Lazarević, Jelica, Šešlija-Jovanović, Darka, Janković Tomanić, Milena, Stojković, Biljana, Lazarević, Jelica, Šešlija-Jovanović, Darka, and Janković Tomanić, Milena
Abstract: Temperatura i kvalitet hrane utiču na performansu larvi gubara, Lymantria dispar L. nezavisno ili u međusobnoj interakciji. Strategije preživljavanja larvi gubara u temperaturno kao i nutritivno heterogenoj sredini obuhvataju različite tipove reverzibilne i ireverzibilne fenotipske plastičnosti, koje preko uticaja na usvajanje i raspodelu resursa utiču na osobine životne istorije i rezistentnost prema ekstremnim uslovima životne sredine. U cilju ispitivanja efekata temperature i kvaliteta hrane, tj. sadržaja proteina i ugljenih hidrata u hrani na komponente adaptivne vrednosti, kao i ekspresiju genetičke varijabilnosti, larve gubara su izložene delovanju tri različite temperature (suboptimalna, optimalna i supraoptimalna) i 4 kombinacije hranljivog sastava dijete, koje su se međusobno razlikovale kako u ukupnom sadržaju proteina i ugljenih hidrata, tako i u njihovom međusobnom odnosu. U istim eksperimentalnim uslovima ispitivana je uloga procesa varenja, odnosno aktivnosti digestivnih enzima u usklađivanju odnosa i količine unetih nutienata sa potrebama organizma na različitim temperaturama. Takođe, ispitan je uticaj nutritivne vrednosti i balansiranosti hrane na senzitivnost gubara prema stresnim temperaturama. Nepovoljne temperature i nizak sadržaj proteina u hrani, kao i disbalans proteina u odnosu na ugljene hidrate, smanjuju performansu larvi gubara. Uticaji temperature i kvaliteta hrane na komponente adaptivne vrednosti: preživljavanje, trajanje razvića, masu i relativnu brzinu rasta, uglavnom su međusobno nezavisni. Pokazano je da povišena temperatura smanjuje preživljavanje i trajanje razvića larvi ali dovodi do povećanja relativne brzine rasta. Nutritivni sastav hrane nije uticao na preživljavanje, ali je nizak sadržaj proteina u hrani dovodio do produžavanja razvića, smanjenja mase i relativne brzine rasta larvi. Relativna brzina rasta larvi je bila manja i pri visokom sadržaju ugljenih hidrata u hrani, dok je smanjenje mase larvi na hrani sa niskim sadrža, Temperature and food quality affect the performance of gypsy moth larvae Lymantria dispar L. independently or in an interaction with each other. Survival strategies of gypsy moth larvae in temperature and nutritionally heterogeneous environments include various types of reversible and irreversible phenotypic plasticity, which due to the effect of uptake and distribution of resources affect the life-history traits and resistance to extreme environmental conditions. In order to investigate the direct and interactive effects of temperature and food quality on fitness components, as well as the expression of genetic variation, gypsy moth larvae were exposed to three different temperatures (suboptimal, optimal and supraoptimal) and 4 sets of nutrient composition of the diet, which differed in protein and carbohydrate content. Under the same experimental conditions, the role of digestion and digestive enzyme activity in adjusting nutrient quantity and ratio with organism needs at different temperatures was investigated. Also, it was investigated the effect of nutritional value of the food on sensitivity of gypsy moth larvae to stressful temperatures. An adverse temperature and low protein content in food, as well as an imbalance of protein compared to carbohydrates, reduced performance of gypsy moth larvae. Effects of temperature and food quality on fitness components - survival, developmental time, larval weight and relative growth rate were mainly independent. It has been shown that elevated temperature reduces survival and duration of development, but leads to an increase of the relative growth rate. Nutritional composition of food had no effect on survival, but the low protein content led to prolonged developmental time, reduced larval weight and relative growth rate of gypsy moth larvae. The relative growth rate of larvae was lower if carbohydrate content in food was high, while larval weight reduction was greater if protein content was low and the carbohydrate conte
Published: 2012

106. Efekat kadmijuma na rast i biohemijske osobine larvi gubara Lymantria dispar L.

Author: Tucić, Nikola, Lazarević, Jelica, Perić-Mataruga, Vesna, Vlahović, Milena, Tucić, Nikola, Lazarević, Jelica, Perić-Mataruga, Vesna, and Vlahović, Milena
Abstract: Gubar (Lymantria dispar L.) spada u red najinvazivnijih polifagnih vrsta insekata, koja naseljava šume, voćnjake i urbana staništa. U ovom radu je kod larvi gubara trećeg dana četvrtog larvenog stupnja, ispitivan akutni i hroničan uticaj dve koncentracije kadmijuma (10 i 30 μgCd/g suve hrane), kao i oporavak od istih, na različite osobine larvi: komponente adaptivne vrednosti (mortalitet, trajanje prvog stupnja, trajanje razvića do ulaska u četvrti larveni stupanj, masa i relativna brzina rasta larvi), aktivnosti enzima srednjeg creva (proteaza, tripsin, leucin aminopeptidaza, α i β-glikozidaza, esteraza i glutation-S-transferaza), kao i procenat mase srednjeg creva u odnosu na masu larve. Kod svih ispitivanih enzima, osim kod GSTa, prisutan je trend pada aktivnosti na kadmijumu u odnosu na kontrolu. Hronična izloženost kadmijumu nije pokazala značajan uticaj na mortalitet prvog stupnja, kao i ukupan mortalitet, masa larvi se smanjuje pri dugotrajnim tretmanima, dok se u toku akutnog tretmana brzina rasta larvi povećava. Analize varijanse su pokazale da se kod proteolitičkih enzima aktivnost menja u zavisnosti od koncentracije metala. Između proteolitičkih enzima na svim tretmanima najverovatnije postoji neka vrsta zajedničke regulacije sinteze ili sekrecije u prisustvu kadmijuma. Regulacioni mehanizmi β-glikozidaze i GSTa se razlikuju u odnosu na ostale proučavane enzime. Zbog ograničenih energetskih resursa postoji veliki broj negativnih korelacija između mase i enzima. Znak korelacija između α i β-glikozidaza se menja na stresu u odnosu na kontrolu. Na različitim tretmanima kadmijumom plastičnost enzima se menja. Pošto se indeks fenotipske plastičnosti ne menja u toku delovanja kadmijuma, promena osobina adaptivne vrednosti ili njihova plastičnost, se ne mogu uzeti kao dobri indikatori prisustva kadmijuma. Zbog velike osetljivosti leucin aminopeptidaze i esteraze u toku akutnog stresa, postojanja korelacija sa velikim brojem digestivnih enzima, velike plastičnost, The Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) represents one of the most invasive polyphagous insect species, which inhabits forests, orchards and even urban habitats. We investigated the acute and chronic effects of two cadmium concentrations (10 and 30 μgCd/g dry food), as well as the recovery from chronic stress on various traits of 4th instar gypsy moth larvae: fitness components (mortality, duration of development of the first larval instar, duration of development from hatching to molting into the 4th instar, larval mass and relative growth rate), midgut enzyme activities (activity of protease, trypsin, leucine aminopeptidase, α and β-glucosidase, esterase and glutathione S-transferase), as well as the percentage of the midgut mass in relation to the larval mass. All examined enzymes, with the exception of the glutathione S-transferase, showed a decrease of activity in relation to control. Larval mass decreased during the long-term treatment, while the acute treatment resulted in the growth rate increase. The analysis of variance showed that the activity of proteolytic enzymes depended on metal concentration. Significant broad-sense heritability was discovered after short-term exposure to cadmium. Regulation mechanisms of β-glucosidase and glutathione S-transferase differ in relation to the rest of the examined enzymes. There are a large number of negative correlations between larval mass and enzymes due to the limited energy resources. The correlation sign between α and β- glucosidases changes during the stress conditions in relation to the control. During different cadmium treatments plasticity of enzymes is changed. Changes of life history traits or their plasticity cannot be good indicators of cadmium presence. Due to a great sensitivity of leucine aminopeptidase and esterase during the acute stress, correlated response to a large number of digestive enzymes, great plasticity in stressful conditions, these two enzymes, with further research, could be potential biom
Published: 2009

107. Uticaj abiotičkih stresora na stabilnost razvića i morfološku varijabilnost Iris pumila u prirodnim i eksperimentalnim populacijama

Author: Tucić, Branka, Giba, Zlatko, Lazarević, Jelica, Miljković, Danijela, Tucić, Branka, Giba, Zlatko, Lazarević, Jelica, and Miljković, Danijela
Abstract: Uticaj različitog inteziteta svetlosti, kao jednog od abiotičkih faktora životne sredine, na nivo stabilnosti razvića i morfološku varijabilnost osobina cveta I. pumila ispitivan je na jedinkama populacija koje naseljavaju dva prirodna staništa različitiog inteziteta i kvaliteta raspoložive svetlosti (otvoreno i zasenčeno stanište), kao i na jedinkama populacija poreklom sa otvorenog i zasenčenog staništa, koje su bile izložene tretmanima visokog i niskog svetlosnog inteziteta svetlosti u eksperimentalnim uslovima. Osnovna hipoteza je bila da pod uticajem suboptimalnog intenziteta svetlosti dolazi do smanjenja stabilnosti razvića cvetnih organa što se može utvrditi na osnovu stepena asimetrije radijalno i bilateralno simetričnih cvetnih organa. Stepen fluktuirajuće asimetrije i radijalne asimetrije kao mere nestabilnosti razvića jedinke ili populacije, zavisi od intenziteta delovanja biotičkih i abiotičkih stresora, a pošto je stepen asimetrije negativno korelisan sa stabilnošću razvića, a pozitivno sa razvojnim šumom, na osnovu toga treba očekivati veće vrednosti indeksa asimetrije, tj. veću nestabilnost razvića u stresnijim sredinskim uslovima. Veličina i obrazac stabilnosti razvića osobina cveta I.pumila su se razlikovali u zavisnosti od analizirane osobine, kao i od evolucione istorije istraživanih populacija. Prosečne vrednosti indeksa radijalne asimetrije su bile više u zasenčenom nego u otvorenom staništu, ukazujući da je zasenčeno stanište verovatno stresnija sredina. Populacije poreklom sa otvorenog i zasenčenog staništa su se razlikovale u srednjoj vrednosti indeksa radijalne asimetrije osobina cveta u okviru svakog od svetlosnih tretmana. Fluktuirajuća asimetrija, kao mera bilateralne simetrije osobina cveta I.pumila, imala je veće vrednosti u prirodnim staništima sa visokim svetlosnim intezitetom u poređenju sa niskim, na osnovu čega bi se moglo zaključiti da je otvoreno stanište stresnije za ovaj tip osobina cveta. Aktuelni svetlosni uslovi u alternativ, The main goal of thesis was to examine the influence of an abiotic environmental factor, such as light intensity, on the developmental stability level and morphological variability of I. pumila floral traits. The individuals, from natural habitat populations which located different light condition habitats (exposed and shaded one), as well as the individuals of populations derived from natural habitat but raised in experimental light conditions of low and high intensity, were used. The basic hypothesis was whether suboptimal light intensity decreased developmental stability of floral traits. Since the level of fluctuating and radial asymmetry is in negative correlation with developmental stability, but is positively correlated with developmental noise, the larger values of asymmetry index are to be expected in more stressful conditions. The developmental stability size and pattern of I. pumila floral traits differed depending on analyzed trait, as well as on the evolutionary history of analyzed populations. The radial asymmetry index showed higher average values in shaded habitat comparing to the exposed one, meaning that the exposed location is more stressful environment for development of the identical replicas of different floral organs. Populations derived from open and shaded habitat differed in an average value of radial asymmetry index of floral traits inside each light intensity treatments, but didn’t differ in fluctuating asymmetry level.Statistically significant interaction between treatment and population, that we got for the radial asymmetry of the standard length and all the indices of fluctuating asymmetry, indicate that the effect of the light intensity on the sensitivity of developmental stability of Iris pumila floral traits depends on the population origin: whether they originated from an open or a shaded habitat. The actual light regimes in different habitats create statistically significant differences in phenotypic and genetic correlation matric
Published: 2009

108. Response of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) larvae from differently adapted populations to allelochemical stress: Effects of tannic acid

Author: MRDAKOVIĆ, Marija, primary, PERIĆ MATARUGA, Vesna, additional, ILIJIN, Larisa, additional, VLAHOVIĆ, Milena, additional, JANKOVIĆ TOMANIĆ, Milena, additional, MIRČIĆ, Dejan, additional, and LAZAREVIĆ, Jelica, additional
Published: 2013
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109. Enzymatic biomarkers as indicators of dietary cadmium in gypsy moth caterpillars

Author: Vlahović, Milena, primary, Mataruga, Vesna Perić, additional, Mrdaković, Marija, additional, Matić, Dragana, additional, Lazarević, Jelica, additional, Nenadović, Vera, additional, and Ilijin, Larisa, additional
Published: 2012
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110. Responses of PTTH-producing neurosecretory neurons inLymantria disparcaterpillars exposed to cadmium

Author: Ilijin, Larisa, primary, Vlahović, Milena, additional, Mrdaković, Marija, additional, Mirčić, Dejan, additional, Todorović, Dajana, additional, Lazarević, Jelica, additional, and Perić-Mataruga, Vesna, additional
Published: 2012
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111. Cadmium effects on the fitness-related traits and antioxidative defense of Lymantria dispar L. larvae

Author: Mirčić, Dejan, primary, Blagojević, Duško, additional, Perić-Mataruga, Vesna, additional, Ilijin, Larisa, additional, Mrdaković, Marija, additional, Vlahović, Milena, additional, and Lazarević, Jelica, additional
Published: 2012
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112. The effects of selection for early and late reproduction on metabolite pools in Acanthoscelides obtectus Say

Author: Lazarević, Jelica, primary, Tucić, Nikola, additional, Šešlija Jovanović, Darka, additional, Večeřa, Josef, additional, and Kodrík, Dalibor, additional
Published: 2011
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113. Changes in activity of non-specific esterases in cadmium treated Lymantria dispar larvae

Author: Vlahović, Milena, primary, Perić Mataruga, Vesna, additional, Ilijin, Larisa, additional, Mrdaković, Marija, additional, Mirčić, Dejan, additional, Todorović, Dajana, additional, and Lazarević, Jelica, additional
Published: 2011
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114. Effects of Cadmium on Protocerebral Neurosecretory Neurons and Fitness Components in Lymantria dispar L.

Author: Ilijin, Larisa, primary, Periać-Mataruga, Vesna, additional, Radojičić, Ratko, additional, Lazarević, Jelica, additional, Nenadović, Vera, additional, Vlahović, Milena, additional, and Mrdaković, Marija, additional
Published: 2009
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115. Plastic responses of larval mass and alkaline phosphatase to cadmium in the gypsy moth larvae

Author: Vlahović, Milena, primary, Lazarević, Jelica, additional, Perić-Mataruga, Vesna, additional, Ilijin, Larisa, additional, and Mrdaković, Marija, additional
Published: 2009
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116. Partial Characterization of a Lipase from Gypsy Moth (Lymantria dispar L.) Larval Midgut

Author: Mrdaković, Marija, primary, Lazarević, Jelica, additional, Perić-Mataruga, Vesna, additional, Ilijin, Larisa, additional, and Vlahović, Milena, additional
Published: 2008
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117. Pre-adult development and longevity in natural populations of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Author: LAZAREVIĆ, Jelica, primary, PERIĆ-MATARUGA, Vesna, additional, and TUCIĆ, Nikola, additional
Published: 2007
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118. Belowground infections of the invasive Phytophthora plurivora pathogen enhance the suitability of red oak leaves to the generalist herbivore Lymantria dispar.

Author: MILANOVIĆ, SLOBODAN, LAZAREVIĆ, JELICA, KARADŽIĆ, DRAGAN, MILENKOVIĆ, IVAN, JANKOVSKÝ, LIBOR, VULETA, ANA, and SOLLA, ALEJANDRO
Subjects: *LYMANTRIA, *PHYTOPHTHORA, *HERBIVORES, *OAK, *LEAF fibers
Abstract: 1. Globally, vast areas of forest are currently threatened by Lymantria dispar L. and Phytophthora species, which cause widespread declines and cascading ecological impacts. One important aim of evolutionary and ecological studies is to understand their interactions. 2. The present study tests whether Quercus rubra L. trees naturally infected with P. plurivora T. Jung & T.I. Burgess or free of infection are more suitable for L. dispar herbivory, and if relationships between L. dispar performance and herbivory may vary depending on whether trees are infected or free of infection. 3. In choice tests, the consumed area of leaves from trees infected by P. plurivora was four times larger than that from non-infected trees, probably because the increased values of N, soluble protein, and water content observed in the leaves of infected trees enhanced acceptability. Although larval performance was better in Phytophthora-infected trees, relationships between larval performance and defoliation did not significantly interact with the health status of trees. 4. The present results suggest that the impact of P. plurivora on natural and managed ecosystems may generate a positive feedback loop for oak decline. The link between the behavioural and physiological responses of L. dispar to infected trees and the population growth in nature deserves further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2015
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119. A possible role for the dorsolateral protocerebral neurosecretory neurons in the trophic adaptations of Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae)

Author: PERIĆ-MATARUGA, Vesna, primary, LAZAREVIĆ, Jelica, additional, and NENADOVIĆ, Vera, additional
Published: 2001
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120. The effect of heat stress on the activity of A1 and A2 neurosecretory neurons of Morimus funereus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae

Author: LEKOVIĆ, Snežana, primary, LAZAREVIĆ, Jelica, additional, NENADOVIĆ, Vera, additional, and IVANOVIĆ, Jelisaveta, additional
Published: 2001
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121. TESTING THE ADAPTIVE PLASTICITY OF GYPSY MOTH DIGESTIVE ENZYMES IN RESPONSE TO TANNIC ACID USING PHENOTYPIC SELECTION ANALYSIS.

Author: MRDAKOVIĆ, Marija, STOJKOVIĆ, Biljana, ILIJIN, Larisa, VLAHOVIĆ, Milena, PERIĆ-MATARUGA, Vesna, and LAZAREVIĆ, Jelica
Subjects: LOCUST trees, PHENOTYPIC plasticity, LYMANTRIA dispar, DIGESTIVE enzymes, TANNINS, ALLELOCHEMICALS, STIMULUS & response (Biology), PHYSIOLOGY
Abstract: Copyright of Genetika (0534-0012) is the property of Serbian Genetics Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Published: 2014
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122. Responses of PTTH-producing neurosecretory neurons in Lymantria dispar caterpillars exposed to cadmium.

Author: Ilijin, Larisa, Vlahović, Milena, Mrdaković, Marija, Mirčić, Dejan, Todorović, Dajana, Lazarević, Jelica, and Perić‐Mataruga, Vesna
Subjects: PROTHORACICOTROPIC hormones, NEUROHORMONES, LYMANTRIA dispar, PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of cadmium, ECDYSTEROIDS, HEAVY metals
Abstract: Lymantria dispar, as most invasive insect species, is very adaptable and reacts quickly to changing environment. Neuroendocrine system first reacts to stress in insects, and specific neurohormonal reorganization may be used in early heavy metal risk assessment. Prothoracicotropic neurohormones (PTTH) control ecdysteroid synthesis (morphogenetic and stress hormones) in insects. In this article, we report the presence of PTTH immunoreactive molecules in L2' dorsolateral neurosecretory neurons (nsn) in caterpillar brains and changes after exposure to pollutant stress of different intensity. For 3 days, after molting into the 4th instar, caterpillars of Lymantria dispar were fed with a high wheat germ diet without (control) or with added cadmium (experimental groups: 10, 30, 100, 250 μg Cd/g dry food weight). Changes in PTTH producing L2' nsn and differences in the intensity of protein bands in the region of PTTH molecular mass (Mr 11-15 kDa) were analyzed. The number of L2' neurons tended to decrease except in the group given the highest cadmium concentration (250 μg). The neurons were enlarged after acute treatment especially in the group given the highest cadmium concentration. The size of L2' nsn nuclei was decreased only in the group fed with 30 μg Cd. Protein band intensity in the Mr region of PTTH remained unchanged in all groups except for the group given the diet with the highest Cd concentration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 29: 770-779, 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2014
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123. Adaptive phenotypic plasticity of gypsy moth digestive enzymes.

Author: Mrdaković, Marija, Stojković, Biljana, Perić-Mataruga, Vesna, Ilijin, Larisa, Vlahović, Milena, and Lazarević, Jelica
Abstract: The adaptiveness of plasticity of digestive enzyme responses to allelochemical stress was tested on 32 full-sib families of gypsy moth larvae from an oak forest population (the Quercus population) and 26 families from a locust-tree forest (the Robinia population), reared either on control diet, or on tannin-supplemented diet. Using the duration of larval development as an indirect measure of fitness, phenotypic selection analyses revealed that lower specific activities of total proteases and trypsin, and higher specific activity of leucine aminopeptidase were adaptive for both populations in the control environment. Plasticity was only shown to be costly for total proteases and trypsin activity in Quercus larvae. In a stressful environment, the most apparent adaptive response was a significant increase in lipase activity. There was no plasticity cost for lipase activity. The two populations differed in the direction of selection acting on α-glucosidase activity, which favoured decreased activity in Quercus larvae and increased activity in Robinia larvae in the control environment. α-glucosidase activity in Quercus larvae is characterized by cost of homeostasis, while cost of plasticity was shown for Robinia larvae. The results obtained on the plasticity of digestive enzyme activity indicate how this generalist species copes with variation in plant allelochemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2014
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124. The effects of selection for early and late reproduction on metabolite pools in Acanthoscelides obtectus Say.

Author: Lazarević, Jelica, Tucić, Nikola, Šešlija Jovanović, Darka, Večeřa, Josef, and Kodrík, Dalibor
Subjects: *BEAN weevil, *BEETLES, *CHRYSOMELIDAE, *GLYCOGEN, *CARBOHYDRATES, *SEXUAL dimorphism, SEX differences (Biology)
Abstract: The present study was aimed at revealing the responses of metabolite pools to selection for alternative reproductive schedules in the seed beetle, Acanthoscelides obtectus Say (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae). The levels of metabolites (free sugars, glycogen, lipids, soluble and hydrophobic proteins) that were determined in virgin females and males at three ages from adult eclosion onwards were compared among the base population (B) and two derived lines that were selected for either early (Y) or late (O) reproduction. The results showed differences in the accumulation of metabolites during pre-adult development, as well as in the pattern of their changes during adult ageing. Generally, in comparison to the B population, the short-lived beetles from the Y line showed increased protein content and reduced carbohydrate and lipid content, whereas the opposite was true for the long-lived beetles from the O line. Females from the O line exhibited slower utilization of energy reserves and a slower increase in protein contents than females from the Y line. Females contained higher levels of free sugars, glycogen and hydrophobic proteins and lower levels of lipids and soluble proteins than males, although the sexual dimorphism was not evenly expressed among lines. Age-specific changes in metabolite contents were slower in females than males. Our findings suggest that trade-offs among capital resources are a physiological basis of early/late fitness trade-offs and point to a conservation of resources that can be used for somatic maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2012
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125. The effect of essential oils and selected constituents of thyme, rosemary and basil on the bean weevil Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Author: Jevremović, Stojan, Radonjić, Anđa, Kostić, Igor, Petrović-Obradović, Olivera, Lazarević, Jelica, and Krnjajić, Slobodan
Subjects: komponente etarskih ulja, antioviposition effect, rezidualno kontaktna toksičnost, majčina dušica, bean weevil, basil, essential oil constituents, subletalne i letalne koncentracije, protektivni uticaj, protective effect, antiovipozicioni efekat, thyme, etarska ulja, ruzmarin, pasuljev žižak, rosemary, bosiljak, residual contact toxicity, sublethal and lethal concentrations, essential oils
Abstract: U radu je ispitano delovanje rastvora etarskih ulja majčine dušice, ruzmarina i bosiljka i njihovih odabranih komponenata timola, α-pinena, 1,8-cineola i linalola na odrasle jedinke pasuljevog žiška (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say)... In this research the effect of solutions of thyme, rosemary and basil essential oils and their selected constituents thymol, α-pinene, 1,8-cineole and linalool was tested against the bean weevil adults (Acanthoscelides obtectus Say)...
Published: 2020

126. Evolution in laboratory populations of Acanthoscelides obtectus: role of mitochondria and oxidative stress

Author: Đorđević, Mirko S., Stojković, Biljana, Lazarević, Jelica, Šešlija- Jovanović, Darka, and Petrović, Anđeljko
Subjects: electron transport chain, mitonuclear interactions, laboratorijska evolucija, mitochondria, mito-jedarne interakcije, Acanthoscelides obtectus, ageing, oksidativni stres, starenje, oxidative stress, elektron transportni lanac, laboratory evolution, osobine životne istorije, life history traits, mitohondrije
Abstract: Ključna pretpostavka evolucione teorije starenja jeste da opadanje uzrasno-specifičnog preživljavanja organizama predstavlja rezultat smanjenja intenziteta prirodne selekcije nakon početka reprodukcije. U osnovi evolucije starenja nalaze se dva populaciono-genetička mehanizma: akumulacija mutacija (AM) i antagonistička plejotropija (AP). U skladu sa pretpostavkama evolucione teorije starenja, kod eksperimentalnih populacija pasuljevog žiška (Acanthoscelides obtectus) selektovanih više od 170 generacija za ranu (E režim) ili kasnu (L režim) reprodukciju, uočena je divergencija u dužini života i drugim preadultnim i adultnim osobinama životne istorije. Evolucija veće dužine života u L režimu u saglasnosti je sa pretpostavkama AP modela, dok u evoluciji kraćeg života E žižaka važnu ulogu ima akumulacija mutacija. Tretiranjem E i L žižaka pesticidima (parakvat i tebufenpirad) koji generišu slobodne radikale, potvrđena je pozitivna korelacija između dužine života i otpornosti na oksidativni stres. Budući da mitohondrija predstavlja glavno mesto sinteze energije i slobodnih radikala, u ovoj tezi je istraženo da li je uzrasno-specifična selekcija oblikovala varijabilnost mtDNK, nDNK i njihovih epistatičkih interakcija. Genotipizacijom mitohondrijskog COI gena i mikrosatelitskih lokusa pokazana je efikasnost uzrasno-specifične selekcije u međupopulacionoj divergenciji mitohondrijskog i jedarnog genskog pula kod pasuljevog žiška. Odvijanje procesa mito-jedarne koevolucije analizirano je korišćenjem mito-jedarnih linija u kojima su E i L mitohondrijski genomi kombinovani sa E i L jedarnim genomima. Pokazano je da su linije sa narušenim mito-jedarnim interakcijama imale niže aktivnosti mitohondrijskih kompleksa elektron transportnog lanca i lošiju preadultnu performansu. According to the evolutionary theory of ageing, age-specific decline in survival is the result of decreasing intensity of natural selection after the onset of reproduction. The evolution of ageing may be explained by two different, but not mutually exclusive, genetic mechanisms: antagonistic pleiotropy (AP) and mutation accumulation (MA). In accordance with evolutionary theory of ageing, two sets of the seed beetle (Acanthoscelides obtectus) experimental lines selected for more than 170 generations for early (E regime) or late (L regime) reproduction, show divergence in longevity and ageing patterns, as well as in other preadult and adult life history traits. Evolution of long life in L regime is predominantly based on antagonistic pleiotropy gene effects, while mutation accumulation plays important role in evolution of short life in E regime. By exposure of E and L beetles to two pesticides (paraquat and tebufenpyrad) that generate free radicals, it was confirmed that extended longevity in L beetles (especially in females) was associated with higher oxidative stress resistance. Additionally, since mitochondria are main site of free radical and energy production, effects of age-specific laboratory selection on mtDNA, nDNA and their epistatic interaction were assessed. Genotyping of mitochondrial COI gene and nuclear microsatellite loci showed that selection in E and L regimes led to divergent evolution of mtDNA and nDNA gene pools. Mitonuclear coevolution was investigated using mitonuclear introgression lines in which E and L mitochondrial genomes were expressed in both E and L nuclear background. It was found that lines with disrupted mitonuclear interactions had lower activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes and lower preadult performance.
Published: 2017

127. The effect of essential oils of anise, fennel and dill and their dominant components on gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar L.)

Author: Kostić, Igor M., Petrović-Obradović, Olivera, Milanović, Slobodan, Spasić, Radoslava, Lazarević, Jelica, and Krnjajić, Slobodan
Subjects: rezidualna kontaktna toksičnost, antifidna aktivnost, indeksi rasta i ishrane, fennel, dominant components of essetial oils, digestive toxicity, Lymantria dispar L, gubar, growth and feeding indices, dill, antifeedant activity, mirođija, morač, dominantne komponente etarskih ulja, residual contact toksicity, etarska ulja, essential oils, anise, digestivna toksičnost, anis
Abstract: U radu je ispitivano delovanje alkoholnih rastvora etarskih ulja anisa, mirođije i morača i njihovih dominantnih komponenata trans-anetola i karvona na gusenice gubara (Lymantria dispar L.). Antifidna aktivnost etarskih ulja i njihovih dominantnih komponenata primenjenih u koncentracijama 0.1, 0.5 i 1.0 % ispitivana je u dva odvojena ogleda, ogledu bez izbora i ogledu sa izborom. Ispitivanje je vršeno na gusenicama drugog stupnja, a rezultati ogleda su očitavani nakon 48 časova od početka ogleda. Rezidualna kontaktna i digestivna toksičnost etarskih ulja anisa, mirođije i morača i njihovih dominantnih komponenata primenjenih u koncentracijama 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 i 1.0 %, ispitivana je na gusenicama gubara drugog stupnja. Pored mortaliteta gusenica, praćen je i uticaj navedenih toksičnosti na presvlačenje gusenica iz drugog u treći larveni stupanj. Ogledi u kojima je ispitivan uticaj toksičnosti ispitivanih etarskih ulja i nihovih dominantnih komponenata na mortalitet i zaustavljanje presvlačenja gusenica trajali su 120 časova, a rezultati su očitavani na svaka 24 časa. Delovanje ispitivanih etarskih ulja i njihovih dominantnih komponenata, primenjenih u koncentracijama 0.1, 0.25 i 0.5 %, na indekse rasta i ishrane gusenica gubara četvrtog stupnjsa sagledavano je u ogledima za ispitivanja njihovog uticaja na relativnu brzine rasta gusenica (RGR), relativnu brzinu konzumacije hrane gusenica (RCR), efikasnost asimilacije hrane kod gusenica (AD) i efikasnosti konverzije unete i svarene hrane kod gusenica (ECI i ECD). Rezultati ogleda su očitavani nakon 48 časova od početka ogleda. Za poređenje rezultata je korišćeno biološko sredstvo NeemAzal (standard). Statistička obrada podataka izvršena je uz pomoć softverskog paketa Statistica 7.0. (StatSoft, Inc). Analizom dobijenih rezultata utvrđeno je da dobru antifidnu aktivnost poseduju etarsko ulje anisa i njegova dominantna komponenta trans-anetol primenjeni u koncentraciji 1.0 %. Rezidualna kontaktna toksičnost ispitivanih etarskih ulja i njihovih dominantnih komponata nije konstatovana, a njihov uticaj na zaustavljanje presvlačenja gusenica nije zadovoljavajuć. Visoku digestivnu toksičnost koja dovodi do mortaliteta 100 % gusenica ili 100 % zaustavljanja presvlačenja gusenica, ukoliko nisu sve gusenice uginule, poseduju ispitivana etarska ulja primenjena u koncentraciji 1.0 %, trans-anetol primenjen u koncentracijama 0.5 i 1.0 % i karvon primenjen u koncentracijama 0.25, 0.5 i 1.0 %. Indeksi rasta i ishrane gusenica gubara su primenom ispitivanih etarskih ulja i njihovih dominantnih komponenata značajno sniženi. Primenjena sredstva imaju značajan uticaj na snižavanje relativne brzine rasta gusenica (RGR), relativne brzine konzumacije hrane gusenica (RCR), koeficijent asimilacije hrane kod gusenica (AD) i efikasnosti konverzije unete i svarene hrane u biomasu gusenica (ECI i ECD)... In this work the influence of ethanol solutions of essential oils of anise, fennel and dill and their dominant components trans-anethole and carvone on gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar L.) was tested. Antifeedant activity of essential oils and their dominant components applied in concentrantions 0.1, 0.5 i 1.0 % was tested in two separate tests, no choice and choice feeding ones. The testing was done on the second instar and the results of the experiments were recorded 48 h after the beginning of the experiment. Residual concant and digestive toxicity of essential oils of anise, fennel and dill and their dominant components applied in concentrations 0.05, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 i 1.0 % were tested on the second instar gypsy moth larvae. The influence of mentioned toxicity on moulting from the second to the third instar was followed, too. The influence of toxicity of essential oils and their dominant components on mortality and disturbing moulting was evaluated after 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h after the beginning of the experiment. The influence of tested essential oils and their dominant components applied in concentrations 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 % on growth and feeding indices of the fourth insters was tested in the asseys about their influence on relative growth rate (RGR), relative consuption rate (RCR), aproximate digestibility (AD) and efficiency of conversation of ingested food (ECI), as well as efficiency of conversation of digested food (ECD). The results were recorded 48 h after the beginning of the experiment. Botanical standard NeemAzal was used for comparing results. Statistical data proccesing was done by softer Statistica 7.0. The analyzying of the results confirmed that essential oil of anise and its dominant component tras-anethole applied in concentration 1.0 % possess good antifeedant activity. Residual contact toksicity of tested essential oils and their dominant components as well as their influence on disturbing moulting was not satisfied. Tested essential oils applied in concentration 1.0 % possess high digestive toxicity which causes 100 % larvae mortality or 100 % inhibits moulting. Tras-anthpole posses the same effect in concentrations 0.5 and 1.0 % as well as carvone in concentrations 25, 0.5 and 1.0 %. Applied compounds have significant influence on relative growth rate (RGR), relative consuption rate (RCR), aproximate digestibility (AD) and efficiency of conversation of ingested food (ECI), as well as efficiency of conversation of digested food (ECD). They are most effective in concentracion 0.5 % and carvone, in average, has significantly bigger influence in comparison with other applied compounds...
Published: 2016

128. Uloga fenotipske plastičnosti osobina životne istorije i ponašanja u procesima specijacije Acanthoscelides obtectus

Author: Savković, Uroš B., Stojković, Biljana, Lazarević, Jelica, and Petrović, Anđeljko
Subjects: promena biljke domaćina, host-shift, specijacija, reproductive isolation, cuticular hydrocarbons, phenotypic plasticity, laboratorijska evolucija, reproduktivna izolacija, Acanthoscelides obtectus, speciation, seed beetle, pasuljev žižak, reproduktivno ponašanje, reproductive behaviour, fenotipska plastičnost, kutikularni ugljovodonici, laboratory evolution, osobine životne istorije, life history traits
Abstract: Fenotipska plastičnost, kao univerzalno svojstvo svih organizama, predstavlja sposobnost jednog genotipa da u različitim uslovima životne sredine razvije različite fenotipske vrednosti osobina. Ovaj fenomen predstavlja važan mehanizam fenotipskog variranja insekatа i nalazi se u osnovi formiranja različitih pravaca evolucionih promena njihovih populacija uzrokujući adaptivnu divergenciju i posledičnu međupopulacionu reproduktivnu izolaciju. Od posebne važnosti je i uloga fenotipske plastičnosti u procesima ekološke specijacije, kada ekološki zasnovana divergentna selekcija između životnih sredina ograničava protok gena između populacija. Koristeći pogodnosti laboratorijske evolucije, ova studija proučava osobine životne istorije, njihova međusobna ograničenja i obrasce plastičnih odgovora, populaciono-ekološke i selekcione obrasce kao i promenu reproduktivnog ponašanja kod dve grupe laboratorijskih populacija fitofagnog insekta, Acanthoscelides obtectus, koje su evoluirale na različitim biljkama domaćinima (pasulj, Phaseolus vulgaris i naut, Cicer arietinum). Populacije selektovane na različitim biljkama pokazuju jasne razlike u životnim strategijama i stepenu plastičnosti osobina životne istorije i ponašanja. Načelno, populacije selektovane na pasulju imaju izraženiju sposobnost plastičnog odgovora na variranje identiteta biljke domaćina u poređenju sa populacijama selektovanim na nautu. Selekcioni režimi pokazuju i umeren stepen reproduktivne izolacije čime se ističe značaj divergentne selekcije u početnim fazama procesa nastanka novih vrsta. Phenotypic plasticity, a universal feature of all organisms, represents genotypes’ ability to produce alternative phenotypes in different environmental conditions. In insects, this phenomenon represents an important mechanism of phenotypic variation and it is fundamental for the establishment of different evolutionary trajectories of their populations causing adaptive divergence and consequential interpopulation reproductive isolation. Phenotypic plasticity is of particular importance during the process of ecological speciation, when ecologically based divergent selection between environments reduces gene flow among populations. Using the benefits of laboratory evolution, this study investigates life history traits, their trade-offs and plasticity patterns, population dynamics and selection patterns, as well as changes in reproductive behaviour, in two sets of laboratory populations of a phytophagous insect, Acanthoscelides obtectus, evolved on different host plants (white beans, Phaseolus vulgaris and chickpeas, Cicer arietinum). Populations selected on different plant hosts demonstrate distinct life history strategies and plasticity levels of life history and behavioural traits. Generally, populations selected on beans demonstrate prominent ability to plastically respond to host plant variation compared to chickpea selected populations. Selection regimes demonstrate moderate level of reproductive isolation emphasizing the importance of divergent selection in the first phases of the speciation.
Published: 2016

129. The role of phenotypic plasticity of life history and behavioural traits during speciation processes in Acanthoscelides obtectus

Author: Savković, Uroš, Stojković, Biljana, Lazarević, Jelica, and Petrović, Anđeljko
Subjects: Laboratorijska evolucija, Fenotipska plastičnost, Kutikularni ugljovodonici, Reproduktivna izolacija, Reproductive behaviour, Speciation, Reproduktivno ponašanje, Laboratory evolution, Phenotypic plasticity, Life history traits, Osobine životne istorije, Reproductive isolation, Pasuljev žižak, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Promena biljke domaćina, Cuticular hydrocarbons, Seed beetle, Specijacija, Host-shift
Abstract: 1 Penotypic plasticity, a universal feature of all organisms, represents genotypes’ ability to produce alternative phenotypes in different environmental conditions. In insects, this phenomenon represents an important mechanism of phenotypic variation and it is fundamental for the establishment of different evolutionary trajectories of their populations causing adaptive divergence and consequential interpopulation reproductive isolation. Phenotypic plasticity is of particular importance during the process of ecological speciation, when ecologically based divergent selection between environments reduces gene flow among populations. Using the benefits of laboratory evolution, this study investigates life history traits, their trade-offs and plasticity patterns, population dynamics and selection patterns, as well as changes in reproductive behaviour, in two sets of laboratory populations of a phytophagous insect, Acanthoscelides obtectus, evolved on different host plants (white beans, Phaseolus vulgaris and chickpeas, Cicer arietinum). Populations selected on different plant hosts demonstrate distinct life history strategies and plasticity levels of life history and behavioural traits. Generally, populations selected on beans demonstrate prominent ability to plastically respond to host plant variation compared to chickpea selected populations. Selection regimes demonstrate moderate level of reproductive isolation emphasizing the importance of divergent selection in the first phases of the speciation. Fenotipska plastičnost, kao univerzalno svojstvo svih organizama, predstavlja sposobnost jednog genotipa da u različitim uslovima životne sredine razvije različite fenotipske vrednosti osobina. Ovaj fenomen predstavlja važan mehanizam fenotipskog variranja insekatа i nalazi se u osnovi formiranja različitih pravaca evolucionih promena njihovih populacija uzrokujući adaptivnu divergenciju i posledičnu međupopulacionu reproduktivnu izolaciju. Od posebne važnosti je i uloga fenotipske plastičnosti u procesima ekološke specijacije, kada ekološki zasnovana divergentna selekcija između životnih sredina ograničava protok gena između populacija. Koristeći pogodnosti laboratorijske evolucije, ova studija proučava osobine životne istorije, njihova međusobna ograničenja i obrasce plastičnih odgovora, populaciono-ekološke i selekcione obrasce kao i promenu reproduktivnog ponašanja kod dve grupe laboratorijskih populacija fitofagnog insekta, Acanthoscelides obtectus, koje su evoluirale na različitim biljkama domaćinima (pasulj, Phaseolus vulgaris i naut, Cicer arietinum). Populacije selektovane na različitim biljkama pokazuju jasne razlike u životnim strategijama i stepenu plastičnosti osobina životne istorije i ponašanja. Načelno, populacije selektovane na pasulju imaju izraženiju sposobnost plastičnog odgovora na variranje identiteta biljke domaćina u poređenju sa populacijama selektovanim na nautu. Selekcioni režimi pokazuju i umeren stepen reproduktivne izolacije čime se ističe značaj divergentne selekcije u početnim fazama procesa nastanka novih vrsta.
Published: 2016

130. Evolucija starenja kod laboratorijskih populacija Acanthoscelides obtectus: uloga mitohondrija i oksidativnog stresa

Author: Đorđević, Mirko, Stojković, Biljana, and Lazarević, Jelica
Subjects: Laboratorijska evolucija, Mito-jedarne interakcije, Mitonuclear interactions, Laboratory evolution, Life history traits, Osobine životne istorije, Elektron transportni lanac, Mitochondria, Ageing, Acanthoscelides obtectus, Mitohondrije, Oxidative stress, Electron transport chain, Oksidativni stres, Starenje
Abstract: Biološki fakultet Ključna pretpostavka evolucione teorije starenja jeste da opadanje uzrasno-specifičnog preživljavanja organizama predstavlja rezultat smanjenja intenziteta prirodne selekcije nakon početka reprodukcije. U osnovi evolucije starenja nalaze se dva populaciono-genetička mehanizma: akumulacija mutacija (AM) i antagonistička plejotropija (AP). U skladu sa pretpostavkama evolucione teorije starenja, kod eksperimentalnih populacija pasuljevog žiška (Acanthoscelides obtectus) selektovanih više od 170 generacija za ranu (E režim) ili kasnu (L režim) reprodukciju, uočena je divergencija u dužini života i drugim preadultnim i adultnim osobinama životne istorije. Evolucija veće dužine života u L režimu u saglasnosti je sa pretpostavkama AP modela, dok u evoluciji kraćeg života E žižaka važnu ulogu ima akumulacija mutacija. Tretiranjem E i L žižaka pesticidima (parakvat i tebufenpirad) koji generišu slobodne radikale, potvrđena je pozitivna korelacija između dužine života i otpornosti na oksidativni stres. Budući da mitohondrija predstavlja glavno mesto sinteze energije i slobodnih radikala, u ovoj tezi je istraženo da li je uzrasno-specifična selekcija oblikovala varijabilnost mtDNK, nDNK i njihovih epistatičkih interakcija. Genotipizacijom mitohondrijskog COI gena i mikrosatelitskih lokusa pokazana je efikasnost uzrasno-specifične selekcije u međupopulacionoj divergenciji mitohondrijskog i jedarnog genskog pula kod pasuljevog žiška. Odvijanje procesa mito-jedarne koevolucije analizirano je korišćenjem mito-jedarnih linija u kojima su E i L mitohondrijski genomi kombinovani sa E i L jedarnim genomima. Pokazano je da su linije sa narušenim mito-jedarnim interakcijama imale niže aktivnosti mitohondrijskih kompleksa elektron transportnog lanca i lošiju preadultnu performansu. According to the evolutionary theory of ageing, age-specific decline in survival is the result of decreasing intensity of natural selection after the onset of reproduction. The evolution of ageing may be explained by two different, but not mutually exclusive, genetic mechanisms: antagonistic pleiotropy (AP) and mutation accumulation (MA). In accordance with evolutionary theory of ageing, two sets of the seed beetle (Acanthoscelides obtectus) experimental lines selected for more than 170 generations for early (E regime) or late (L regime) reproduction, show divergence in longevity and ageing patterns, as well as in other preadult and adult life history traits. Evolution of long life in L regime is predominantly based on antagonistic pleiotropy gene effects, while mutation accumulation plays important role in evolution of short life in E regime. By exposure of E and L beetles to two pesticides (paraquat and tebufenpyrad) that generate free radicals, it was confirmed that extended longevity in L beetles (especially in females) was associated with higher oxidative stress resistance. Additionally, since mitochondria are main site of free radical and energy production, effects of age-specific laboratory selection on mtDNA, nDNA and their epistatic interaction were assessed. Genotyping of mitochondrial COI gene and nuclear microsatellite loci showed that selection in E and L regimes led to divergent evolution of mtDNA and nDNA gene pools. Mitonuclear coevolution was investigated using mitonuclear introgression lines in which E and L mitochondrial genomes were expressed in both E and L nuclear background. It was found that lines with disrupted mitonuclear interactions had lower activity of the mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes and lower preadult performance.
Published: 2016

131. Uticaj kadmijuma na sistem antioksidativne zaštite i varijabilnost komponenti adaptivne vrednosti gubara Lymantria dispar L

Author: Dejan Mirčić, Lazarević, Jelica, Stojković, Biljana, and Blagojević, Duško
Subjects: antioksidativna odbrana, komponente adaptivne vrednosti, Lymantria dispar L, fitness traits, antioxidative defense, Kadmijum, fenotipska plastičnost, Biology, Antioxidative defense, phenotypic plasticity, Cadmium, Microbiology
Abstract: Kadmijum je jedan od najpotentnijih polutanata koji dospeva u životnu sredinu, iz prirodnih i/ili antropogenih izvora, i ulazi u žive sisteme preko lanaca ishrane, ostvarujući svoj toksični efekat na svim nivoima biološke organizacije. U ovom radu ispitivan je uticaj kadmijuma u koncentracijama od 10 (C1), 30 (C2) i 50 μg Cd/g (C3) suve hrane na komponente adaptivne vrednosti, heritabilnost u širem smislu, genetičke i fenotipske korelacije, fenotipsku plastičnost, cenu plastičnosti, i na obim i pravce delovanja selekcije, kao i uticaj 50 μg Cd/g suve hrane na sistem antioksidativne zaštite kod gubara tokom larvenog razvića, razvića lutke i adultnog perioda. Gubar, Lymantria dispar L., je polifagna, invazivna vrsta koja zbog svog štetnog delovanja na šumske ekosisteme spada u grupu organizama od posebnog interesa za istraživanja fizioloških i evolucionogenetičkih odgovora koji utiču na promenu brojnosti populacije ove vrste. Kadmijum dovodi do produžetka razvića kod mlađih larvenih stupnjeva, do smanjenja mase lutke kod oba pola i skraćivanja razvića lutke i života adultnih ženki. Polovi se značajno razlikuju u trajanju pojedinih faza larvenog razvića, naročito u C3 grupi. Za većinu ispitivanih osobina postoji značajan nivo heritabilnosti u širem smislu. Pri tome, prisustvo kadmijuma u C3 grupi dovodi do značajnog povećanja heritabilnosti trajanja razvića larvi četvrtog stupnja i kod mužjaka za trajanje larvenog razvića do 5. stupnja u odnosu na kontrolu i u odnosu na ženke. Značajna varijabilnost fenotipske plastičnosti postoji kod svih mlađih larvenih stupnjeva u svim grupama, i kod oba pola za pojedine osobine u okviru različitih sredina ukazujući na potencijal evolucije adaptivnog plastičnog odgovora u stresnim uslovima sredine... Cadmium is one of the most potent pollutants which enters the environment through natural and/or anthropological sources and into the living organisms though the food chain thus realizing its toxic effect in all levels of biological organization. This work examines cadmium effects at 10 (C1), 30 (C2) and 50 μg Cd/g (C3) concentrations of dry food on the fitness-related traits, broad-sense heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlations, phenotypic plasticity, cost of plasticity and on direction of selection force. Also, this work examines the effects of 50 μg Cd/g of dry food on antioxidative defense system in gypsy moth during larval development, pupal development and the adult period. Lymantria dispar L. gypsy moth is a polyphagous, invasive species which, due to its detrimental influence on forest ecosystems, is considered an organism of particular interest for researches of physiological and evolutionary-genetic responses which can influence population dynamics of this species. Cadmium prolongs the development duration in early larval instars, it also reduces larval mass in both genders and larval development and life expectancy in adult females. Duration of certain larval instars is significantly different between genders, especially in C3 group. Most of the examined traits showed a significant level of broad-sense heritability. Thus, the presence of cadmium in C3 group significantly increases the heritability of the fourth instar duration and the heritability of development duration of male larvae from hutching until the 5th instar in comparison with control and female larvae, respectively. Significant variability of phenotypic plasticity is present in all of the early instars regardless of the group, as well as in both genders for certain traits depending on different environments which points to the potential of the evolution of adaptive plastic response in stressful environments. An index of phenotypic plasticity according to Cheplik and Li’s method shows significant values for most of the traits pointing to to the possible direction of the families’ response for certain traits in the presence of cadmium...
Published: 2014

132. Uticaj temperature i kvaliteta hrane na varijabilnost komponenti adaptivne vrednosti i fiziologiju varenja larvi gubara Lymantria dispar L

Author: Janković-Tomanić, Milena Ž., Lazarević, Jelica, Stojković, Biljana, and Šešlija-Jovanović, Darka
Subjects: rezistentnost, resistance, osobine adaptivne vrednosti, phenotipic plasticity, digestive enzymes specific activities, specifična aktivnost digestivnih enzima, temperatura, nutritivni kvalitet hrane, Lymantria dispar L, temperature, fenotipska plastičnost, food quality, life-history traits
Abstract: Temperatura i kvalitet hrane utiču na performansu larvi gubara, Lymantria dispar L. nezavisno ili u međusobnoj interakciji. Strategije preživljavanja larvi gubara u temperaturno kao i nutritivno heterogenoj sredini obuhvataju različite tipove reverzibilne i ireverzibilne fenotipske plastičnosti, koje preko uticaja na usvajanje i raspodelu resursa utiču na osobine životne istorije i rezistentnost prema ekstremnim uslovima životne sredine. U cilju ispitivanja efekata temperature i kvaliteta hrane, tj. sadržaja proteina i ugljenih hidrata u hrani na komponente adaptivne vrednosti, kao i ekspresiju genetičke varijabilnosti, larve gubara su izložene delovanju tri različite temperature (suboptimalna, optimalna i supraoptimalna) i 4 kombinacije hranljivog sastava dijete, koje su se međusobno razlikovale kako u ukupnom sadržaju proteina i ugljenih hidrata, tako i u njihovom međusobnom odnosu. U istim eksperimentalnim uslovima ispitivana je uloga procesa varenja, odnosno aktivnosti digestivnih enzima u usklađivanju odnosa i količine unetih nutienata sa potrebama organizma na različitim temperaturama. Takođe, ispitan je uticaj nutritivne vrednosti i balansiranosti hrane na senzitivnost gubara prema stresnim temperaturama. Nepovoljne temperature i nizak sadržaj proteina u hrani, kao i disbalans proteina u odnosu na ugljene hidrate, smanjuju performansu larvi gubara. Uticaji temperature i kvaliteta hrane na komponente adaptivne vrednosti: preživljavanje, trajanje razvića, masu i relativnu brzinu rasta, uglavnom su međusobno nezavisni. Pokazano je da povišena temperatura smanjuje preživljavanje i trajanje razvića larvi ali dovodi do povećanja relativne brzine rasta. Nutritivni sastav hrane nije uticao na preživljavanje, ali je nizak sadržaj proteina u hrani dovodio do produžavanja razvića, smanjenja mase i relativne brzine rasta larvi. Relativna brzina rasta larvi je bila manja i pri visokom sadržaju ugljenih hidrata u hrani, dok je smanjenje mase larvi na hrani sa niskim sadržajem proteina bilo veće ako je i sadržaj ugljenih hidrata bio nizak... Temperature and food quality affect the performance of gypsy moth larvae Lymantria dispar L. independently or in an interaction with each other. Survival strategies of gypsy moth larvae in temperature and nutritionally heterogeneous environments include various types of reversible and irreversible phenotypic plasticity, which due to the effect of uptake and distribution of resources affect the life-history traits and resistance to extreme environmental conditions. In order to investigate the direct and interactive effects of temperature and food quality on fitness components, as well as the expression of genetic variation, gypsy moth larvae were exposed to three different temperatures (suboptimal, optimal and supraoptimal) and 4 sets of nutrient composition of the diet, which differed in protein and carbohydrate content. Under the same experimental conditions, the role of digestion and digestive enzyme activity in adjusting nutrient quantity and ratio with organism needs at different temperatures was investigated. Also, it was investigated the effect of nutritional value of the food on sensitivity of gypsy moth larvae to stressful temperatures. An adverse temperature and low protein content in food, as well as an imbalance of protein compared to carbohydrates, reduced performance of gypsy moth larvae. Effects of temperature and food quality on fitness components - survival, developmental time, larval weight and relative growth rate were mainly independent. It has been shown that elevated temperature reduces survival and duration of development, but leads to an increase of the relative growth rate. Nutritional composition of food had no effect on survival, but the low protein content led to prolonged developmental time, reduced larval weight and relative growth rate of gypsy moth larvae. The relative growth rate of larvae was lower if carbohydrate content in food was high, while larval weight reduction was greater if protein content was low and the carbohydrate content was high...
Published: 2012

133. Expression of cysteine proteinase inhibitor genes (OCI and OCII) in transformed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants

Author: Aleksandar Cingel, Ninković, Slavica, Radović, Svetlana, Lazarević, Jelica, and Miljuš-Đukić, Jovanka
Subjects: gene stacking, biology, oryzacystatin I, insect compensatory response, Colorado potato beetle, otpornost prema insektima, oryzacystatin II, biology.organism_classification, re-transformacija, kompenzatorni odgovori insekata, Molecular biology, re-transformation, Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors, ko-transformacija, krompir, slaganje gena, inhibitori cisteinskih proteinaza, cysteine proteinase inhibitors, co-transformation, potato, insect resistance, orizacistatin I, orizacistatin II, krompirova zlatica
Abstract: Kombinovanje ili “slaganje” različitih gena u transgenim biljkama radi postizanja uspešnije kontrole patogena i štetočina i/ili većeg prinosa predstavlja jednu od glavnih oblasti istraživanja savremene biotehnologije. Orizacistatini I i II (OCI i OCII), proteinazni inhibitori različitih specifičnosti, pokazali su potencijal u kontroli štetočina koje koriste cisteinske proteinaze za digestiju proteina. Da bi se pojačao njihov inhibitorni potencijal i, eventualno, povećala efikasnost ovih inhibitora u kontroli štetočina, oba cistatina su koeksprimirana u transformisanim biljkama tri sorte krompira. “Slaganje” orizacistatinskih gena kod sorti Dragačevka i Dezire ostvareno je postupkom ko-transformacije i zabeležena je frekvenca kointegracije OCI i OCII gena od 20-22%. Kod sorte Jelica sekvencijalna re-transformacija se pokazala kao efikasniji pristup: frekvenca integracije OCII gena nakon re-transformacije OCI-transformisane linije iznosila je 91%. Istovremeno, “slaganje” dva orizacistatnska gena, bilo postupkom ko- ili re-transformacije, postignuto je upotrebom nptII gena kao jedinog selekcionog markera. Ekspresija OCI i OCII gena indukovana povređivanjem i akumulacija biološki aktivnih rekombinantnih OCI i OCII proteina potvrđena je kod svih analiziranih OCI/OCII transformisanih linija krompira. OCI/OCII linije krompira nisu ispoljavale značajna odstupanja od normalnog fenotipa, što ukazuje na nizak nivo somaklonalnih varijacija i odsustvo uticaja rekombinantnih OCI i OCII na metabolizam biljke domaćina. Iako nije uticala na preživljavanje, ishrana larvi krompirove zlatice (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) listovima krompira koji eksprimiraju oba orizacistatina imala je značajan uticaj na različite osobine performanse rasta i razvića larvi. Larve hranjene transformisanim listovima su se presvlačile ranije, i tokom L2 i L3 stupnja uvećavale masu do 29,7% brže i konzumirale listove do 29,1% brže u odnosu na one hranjene netransformisanim listovima. Istovremeno, larve na OCI/OCII listovima su do tri dana ranije dostizale maksimum mase i ranije “usporavale” sa ishranom ulazeći u prepupalnu fazu razvića. Uprkos povećanju performansi rasta i ishrane, pri istoj efikasnosti ishrane, L4 larve na transformisanim listovima nisu u potpunosti uspele da kompenzuju negativne efekte prisustva orizacistatina u hrani. U odnosu na larve hranjene netransformisanim listovima, maksimalna masa na kraju larvenog razvića i ukupan stepen oštećenja listova bili su do 19,4% i do 18,5% manji kod larvi krompirove zlatice hranjenih OCI/OCII transformisanim listovima krompira. Smanjenje mase larvi na OCI/OCII listovima dovelo je i do pojave adulta krompirove zlatice sa do 26,3% redukovanom telesnom masom. Analiza ukupne proteinazne... The combination or stacking different genes in transgenic plants to achieve disease and pest control and/or higher crop yield is one of a major method of contemporary biotechnology. Oryzacystatins I and II (OCI and OCII), inhibitors with different specificity, show potential in controlling pests that utilize cysteine proteinases for protein digestion. To strengthen this inhibitory range and, possibly, achieve an additive effect in the overall efficiency of these proteins against pests, both cystatins were co-expressed in three potato cultivars. Oryzacystatin genes pyramiding in Dragačevka and Desiree cultivars were achieved by co-transformation with OCI and OCII genes co-integration frequency of 20-22%. For Jelica cultivar sequential re-transformation was more efficient approach: OCII gene integration frequency following re-transformation of an OCI-expressing line was 91%. Additionally, pyramiding of different oryzacystatin genes, by co- or re-transformation approach, were achieved using the nptII gene as the only selection marker. Wounding induction of OCI and OCII gene transcripts and accumulation of biologically active OCI and OCII recombinant proteins was confirmed in all analyzed OCI/OCII transformed lines. OCI/OCII potato lines did not exhibit morphological abnormalities, indicating low level of somaclonal variation or interference of the recombinant OCI or OCII with host plant metabolism. In the absence of significant mortality, feeding Colorado potato beetle larvae (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) on OCI/OCII-expressing foliage had an impact on various aspects of the growth and developmental performances of larvae. Larvae feeding on transformed potato leaves tended to molt earlier and, especially during L2-L3 stages, gain weight up to 29.7% faster and consume leaf material up to 29.1% faster, compared to those on untransformed foliage. Larvae on OCI/OCII foliage were also reach maximum weight gained three days earlier and slow down earlier in preparation for pupation. Despite their faster growth and feeding, with similar efficiencies of conversion of ingested food, L4 larvae reared on transformed foliage were not compensating presence of the recombinant oryzacystatins in the diet.Compared to those on untransformed foliage, maximum weight gained and amount of foliage consumed were up to 19.4% and 18.5%, respectively, lower for the larvae fed on OCI/OCII potato foliage. Larval weight reduction on OCI/OCII foliage resulted in adult emergence with up to 26.3% reduced body mass. Analysis of total digestive proteinases activity showed initially, up to 56%, reduction in digestive capacity...
Published: 2012

134. Ekspresija gena za inhibitore cisteinskih proteinaza (OCI i OCII) u transformisanim biljkama krompira (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Author: Cingel, Aleksandar, Ninković, Slavica, Radović, Svetlana, Lazarević, Jelica, and Miljuš-Đukić, Jovanka
Subjects: Gene stacking, Re-transformation, Krompirova zlatica, Insect compensatory response, Kompenzatorni odgovori insekata, Oryzacystatin II, Orizacistatin I, Otpornost prema insektima, Re-transformacija, Ko-transformacija, Krompir, Oryzacystatin I, Cysteine proteinase inhibitors, Colorado potato beetle, Orizacistatin II, Co-transformation, „Slaganje“ gena, Potato, Insect resistance, Inhibitori cisteinskih proteinaza
Abstract: Kombinovanje ili “slaganje” različitih gena u transgenim biljkama radi postizanja uspešnije kontrole patogena i štetočina i/ili većeg prinosa predstavlja jednu od glavnih oblasti istraživanja savremene biotehnologije. Orizacistatini I i II (OCI i OCII), proteinazni inhibitori različitih specifičnosti, pokazali su potencijal u kontroli štetočina koje koriste cisteinske proteinaze za digestiju proteina. Da bi se pojačao njihov inhibitorni potencijal i, eventualno, povećala efikasnost ovih inhibitora u kontroli štetočina, oba cistatina su koeksprimirana u transformisanim biljkama tri sorte krompira. “Slaganje” orizacistatinskih gena kod sorti Dragačevka i Dezire ostvareno je postupkom ko-transformacije i zabeležena je frekvenca kointegracije OCI i OCII gena od 20-22%. Kod sorte Jelica sekvencijalna re-transformacija se pokazala kao efikasniji pristup: frekvenca integracije OCII gena nakon re-transformacije OCI-transformisane linije iznosila je 91%. Istovremeno, “slaganje” dva orizacistatnska gena, bilo postupkom ko- ili re-transformacije, postignuto je upotrebom nptII gena kao jedinog selekcionog markera. Ekspresija OCI i OCII gena indukovana povređivanjem i akumulacija biološki aktivnih rekombinantnih OCI i OCII proteina potvrđena je kod svih analiziranih OCI/OCII transformisanih linija krompira. OCI/OCII linije krompira nisu ispoljavale značajna odstupanja od normalnog fenotipa, što ukazuje na nizak nivo somaklonalnih varijacija i odsustvo uticaja rekombinantnih OCI i OCII na metabolizam biljke domaćina.Iako nije uticala na preživljavanje, ishrana larvi krompirove zlatice (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) listovima krompira koji eksprimiraju oba orizacistatina imala je značajan uticaj na različite osobine performanse rasta i razvića larvi. Larve hranjene transformisanim listovima su se presvlačile ranije, i tokom L2 i L3 stupnja uvećavale masu do 29,7% brže i konzumirale listove do 29,1% brže u odnosu na one hranjene netransformisanim listovima. Istovremeno, larve na OCI/OCII listovima su do tri dana ranije dostizale maksimum mase i ranije “usporavale” sa ishranom ulazeći u prepupalnu fazu razvića. Uprkos povećanju performansi rasta i ishrane, pri istoj efikasnosti ishrane, L4 larve na transformisanim listovima nisu u potpunosti uspele da kompenzuju negativne efekte prisustva orizacistatina u hrani. U odnosu na larve hranjene netransformisanim listovima, maksimalna masa na kraju larvenog razvića i ukupan stepen oštećenja listova bili su do 19,4% i do 18,5% manji kod larvi krompirove zlatice hranjenih OCI/OCII transformisanim listovima krompira. Smanjenje mase larvi na OCI/OCII listovima dovelo je i do pojave adulta krompirove zlatice sa do 26,3% redukovanom telesnom masom. Analiza ukupne proteinazne... The combination or stacking different genes in transgenic plants to achieve disease and pest control and/or higher crop yield is one of a major method of contemporary biotechnology. Oryzacystatins I and II (OCI and OCII), inhibitors with different specificity, show potential in controlling pests that utilize cysteine proteinases for protein digestion. To strengthen this inhibitory range and, possibly, achieve an additive effect in the overall efficiency of these proteins against pests, both cystatins were co-expressed in three potato cultivars. Oryzacystatin genes pyramiding in Dragačevka and Desiree cultivars were achieved by co-transformation with OCI and OCII genes co-integration frequency of 20-22%. For Jelica cultivar sequential re-transformation was more efficient approach: OCII gene integration frequency following re-transformation of an OCI-expressing line was 91%. Additionally, pyramiding of different oryzacystatin genes, by co- or re-transformation approach, were achieved using the nptII gene as the only selection marker. Wounding induction of OCI and OCII gene transcripts and accumulation of biologically active OCI and OCII recombinant proteins was confirmed in all analyzed OCI/OCII transformed lines. OCI/OCII potato lines did not exhibit morphological abnormalities, indicating low level of somaclonal variation or interference of the recombinant OCI or OCII with host plant metabolism.In the absence of significant mortality, feeding Colorado potato beetle larvae (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) on OCI/OCII-expressing foliage had an impact on various aspects of the growth and developmental performances of larvae. Larvae feeding on transformed potato leaves tended to molt earlier and, especially during L2-L3 stages, gain weight up to 29.7% faster and consume leaf material up to 29.1% faster, compared to those on untransformed foliage. Larvae on OCI/OCII foliage were also reach maximum weight gained three days earlier and slow down earlier in preparation for pupation. Despite their faster growth and feeding, with similar efficiencies of conversion of ingested food, L4 larvae reared on transformed foliage were not compensating presence of the recombinant oryzacystatins in the diet.Compared to those on untransformed foliage, maximum weight gained and amount of foliage consumed were up to 19.4% and 18.5%, respectively, lower for the larvae fed on OCI/OCII potato foliage. Larval weight reduction on OCI/OCII foliage resulted in adult emergence with up to 26.3% reduced body mass. Analysis of total digestive proteinases activity showed initially, up to 56%, reduction in digestive capacity... Kombinovanje ili “slaganje” različitih gena u transgenim biljkama radi postizanja uspešnije kontrole patogena i štetočina i/ili većeg prinosa predstavlja jednu od glavnih oblasti istraživanja savremene biotehnologije. Orizacistatini I i II (OCI i OCII), proteinazni inhibitori različitih specifičnosti, pokazali su potencijal u kontroli štetočina koje koriste cisteinske proteinaze za digestiju proteina. Da bi se pojačao njihov inhibitorni potencijal i, eventualno, povećala efikasnost ovih inhibitora u kontroli štetočina, oba cistatina su koeksprimirana u transformisanim biljkama tri sorte krompira. “Slaganje” orizacistatinskih gena kod sorti Dragačevka i Dezire ostvareno je postupkom ko-transformacije i zabeležena je frekvenca kointegracije OCI i OCII gena od 20-22%. Kod sorte Jelica sekvencijalna re-transformacija se pokazala kao efikasniji pristup: frekvenca integracije OCII gena nakon re-transformacije OCI-transformisane linije iznosila je 91%. Istovremeno, “slaganje” dva orizacistatnska gena, bilo postupkom ko- ili re-transformacije, postignuto je upotrebom nptII gena kao jedinog selekcionog markera. Ekspresija OCI i OCII gena indukovana povređivanjem i akumulacija biološki aktivnih rekombinantnih OCI i OCII proteina potvrđena je kod svih analiziranih OCI/OCII transformisanih linija krompira. OCI/OCII linije krompira nisu ispoljavale značajna odstupanja od normalnog fenotipa, što ukazuje na nizak nivo somaklonalnih varijacija i odsustvo uticaja rekombinantnih OCI i OCII na metabolizam biljke domaćina. Iako nije uticala na preživljavanje, ishrana larvi krompirove zlatice (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) listovima krompira koji eksprimiraju oba orizacistatina imala je značajan uticaj na različite osobine performanse rasta i razvića larvi. Larve hranjene transformisanim listovima su se presvlačile ranije, i tokom L2 i L3 stupnja uvećavale masu do 29,7% brže i konzumirale listove do 29,1% brže u odnosu na one hranjene netransformisanim listovima. Istovremeno, larve na OCI/OCII listovima su do tri dana ranije dostizale maksimum mase i ranije “usporavale” sa ishranom ulazeći u prepupalnu fazu razvića. Uprkos povećanju performansi rasta i ishrane, pri istoj efikasnosti ishrane, L4 larve na transformisanim listovima nisu u potpunosti uspele da kompenzuju negativne efekte prisustva orizacistatina u hrani. U odnosu na larve hranjene netransformisanim listovima, maksimalna masa na kraju larvenog razvića i ukupan stepen oštećenja listova bili su do 19,4% i do 18,5% manji kod larvi krompirove zlatice hranjenih OCI/OCII transformisanim listovima krompira. Smanjenje mase larvi na OCI/OCII listovima dovelo je i do pojave adulta krompirove zlatice sa do 26,3% redukovanom telesnom masom. Analiza ukupne proteinazne aktivnosti kod larvi krompirove zlatice pokazala je inicijalno smanjenje digestivnog kapaciteta L3 larvi do 56%, koje je praćeno inhibicijom specifične aktivnosti cisteinskih proteinaza do 62% (akutni efekat). Sa druge strane, pri hroničnoj ingestiji OCI/OCII listova krompira, ukupna i aktivnost cisteinskih proteinaza kod L3 larvi ne pokazuje značajna odstupanja od kontrolnog nivoa, ukazujući na kompenzatorne odgovore proteaza larvi na prisustvo rekombinantnih orizacistatina u ishrani. Uočene promene u ishrani, rastu i razviću larvi krompirove zlatice mogu biti tumačene kao regulatorni odgovor kojim se postiže maksimum telesne mase uprkos prisustvu rekombinantnih inhibitora. Time se pokreću složene interakcije između ishrane, digestivnih procesa i regulatornih mehanizama rasta i razvića koje mogu da kompenzuju potencijalno smanjenje adaptivne vrednosti usled ishrane transformisanim listovima. The combination or stacking different genes in transgenic plants to achieve disease and pest control and/or higher crop yield is one of a major method of contemporary biotechnology. Oryzacystatins I and II (OCI and OCII), inhibitors with different specificity, show potential in controlling pests that utilize cysteine proteinases for protein digestion. To strengthen this inhibitory range and, possibly, achieve an additive effect in the overall efficiency of these proteins against pests, both cystatins were co-expressed in three potato cultivars. Oryzacystatin genes pyramiding in Dragačevka and Desiree cultivars were achieved by co-transformation with OCI and OCII genes co-integration frequency of 20-22%. For Jelica cultivar sequential re-transformation was more efficient approach: OCII gene integration frequency following re-transformation of an OCI-expressing line was 91%. Additionally, pyramiding of different oryzacystatin genes, by co- or re-transformation approach, were achieved using the nptII gene as the only selection marker. Wounding induction of OCI and OCII gene transcripts and accumulation of biologically active OCI and OCII recombinant proteins was confirmed in all analyzed OCI/OCII transformed lines. OCI/OCII potato lines did not exhibit morphological abnormalities, indicating low level of somaclonal variation or interference of the recombinant OCI or OCII with host plant metabolism. In the absence of significant mortality, feeding Colorado potato beetle larvae (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) on OCI/OCII-expressing foliage had an impact on various aspects of the growth and developmental performances of larvae. Larvae feeding on transformed potato leaves tended to molt earlier and, especially during L2-L3 stages, gain weight up to 29.7% faster and consume leaf material up to 29.1% faster, compared to those on untransformed foliage. Larvae on OCI/OCII foliage were also reach maximum weight gained three days earlier and slow down earlier in preparation for pupation. Despite their faster growth and feeding, with similar efficiencies of conversion of ingested food, L4 larvae reared on transformed foliage were not compensating presence of the recombinant oryzacystatins in the diet. Compared to those on untransformed foliage, maximum weight gained and amount of foliage consumed were up to 19.4% and 18.5%, respectively, lower for the larvae fed on OCI/OCII potato foliage. Larval weight reduction on OCI/OCII foliage resulted in adult emergence with up to 26.3% reduced body mass. Analysis of total digestive proteinases activity showed initially, up to 56%, reduction in digestive capacity of L3 potato beetle larvae, accompanied with inhibition of cysteine proteinase specific activity up to 62% (acute effect). However, by continual ingestion of OCI/OCII potato foliage total and cysteine proteinases specific activities were at control level, suggesting compensatory responses of larvae protease system to the presence of recombinant oryzacystatins in the diet. The observed alterations in larval feeding and growth performance can be interpreted as regulatory responses aimed at stabilizing the final body weight despite presence of the recombinant inhibitors. These changes can trigger complex interactions between feeding, food processing and growth regulatory mechanisms, which tend to compensate for the potential fitness loss caused by feeding on transformed foliage.
Published: 2012

135. Cadmium effect on growth and biochemical traits of Gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar L.)

Author: Vlahović, Milena, Tucić, Nikola, Lazarević, Jelica, and Perić-Mataruga, Vesna
Subjects: kadmijum, midgut enzymes, enzyme isoforms, cadmium, oporavak, Lymantria dispar L, acute, enzimi srednjeg creva, enzimske izoforme, korelacije, recovery, osobine adaptivne vrednosti, plastičnost, akutni, correlation, plasticity, hronični stres, life history traits, chronic stress
Abstract: Gubar (Lymantria dispar L.) spada u red najinvazivnijih polifagnih vrsta insekata, koja naseljava šume, voćnjake i urbana staništa. U ovom radu je kod larvi gubara trećeg dana četvrtog larvenog stupnja, ispitivan akutni i hroničan uticaj dve koncentracije kadmijuma (10 i 30 μgCd/g suve hrane), kao i oporavak od istih, na različite osobine larvi: komponente adaptivne vrednosti (mortalitet, trajanje prvog stupnja, trajanje razvića do ulaska u četvrti larveni stupanj, masa i relativna brzina rasta larvi), aktivnosti enzima srednjeg creva (proteaza, tripsin, leucin aminopeptidaza, α i β-glikozidaza, esteraza i glutation-S-transferaza), kao i procenat mase srednjeg creva u odnosu na masu larve. Kod svih ispitivanih enzima, osim kod GSTa, prisutan je trend pada aktivnosti na kadmijumu u odnosu na kontrolu. Hronična izloženost kadmijumu nije pokazala značajan uticaj na mortalitet prvog stupnja, kao i ukupan mortalitet, masa larvi se smanjuje pri dugotrajnim tretmanima, dok se u toku akutnog tretmana brzina rasta larvi povećava. Analize varijanse su pokazale da se kod proteolitičkih enzima aktivnost menja u zavisnosti od koncentracije metala. Između proteolitičkih enzima na svim tretmanima najverovatnije postoji neka vrsta zajedničke regulacije sinteze ili sekrecije u prisustvu kadmijuma. Regulacioni mehanizmi β-glikozidaze i GSTa se razlikuju u odnosu na ostale proučavane enzime. Zbog ograničenih energetskih resursa postoji veliki broj negativnih korelacija između mase i enzima. Znak korelacija između α i β-glikozidaza se menja na stresu u odnosu na kontrolu. Na različitim tretmanima kadmijumom plastičnost enzima se menja. Pošto se indeks fenotipske plastičnosti ne menja u toku delovanja kadmijuma, promena osobina adaptivne vrednosti ili njihova plastičnost, se ne mogu uzeti kao dobri indikatori prisustva kadmijuma. Zbog velike osetljivosti leucin aminopeptidaze i esteraze u toku akutnog stresa, postojanja korelacija sa velikim brojem digestivnih enzima, velike plastičnosti odgovora u stresnim uslovima, ova dva enzima bi se, uz dalja istraživanja, mogla uzeti kao potencijalni biomarkeri na prisustvo kadmijuma. The Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.) represents one of the most invasive polyphagous insect species, which inhabits forests, orchards and even urban habitats. We investigated the acute and chronic effects of two cadmium concentrations (10 and 30 μgCd/g dry food), as well as the recovery from chronic stress on various traits of 4th instar gypsy moth larvae: fitness components (mortality, duration of development of the first larval instar, duration of development from hatching to molting into the 4th instar, larval mass and relative growth rate), midgut enzyme activities (activity of protease, trypsin, leucine aminopeptidase, α and β-glucosidase, esterase and glutathione S-transferase), as well as the percentage of the midgut mass in relation to the larval mass. All examined enzymes, with the exception of the glutathione S-transferase, showed a decrease of activity in relation to control. Larval mass decreased during the long-term treatment, while the acute treatment resulted in the growth rate increase. The analysis of variance showed that the activity of proteolytic enzymes depended on metal concentration. Significant broad-sense heritability was discovered after short-term exposure to cadmium. Regulation mechanisms of β-glucosidase and glutathione S-transferase differ in relation to the rest of the examined enzymes. There are a large number of negative correlations between larval mass and enzymes due to the limited energy resources. The correlation sign between α and β- glucosidases changes during the stress conditions in relation to the control. During different cadmium treatments plasticity of enzymes is changed. Changes of life history traits or their plasticity cannot be good indicators of cadmium presence. Due to a great sensitivity of leucine aminopeptidase and esterase during the acute stress, correlated response to a large number of digestive enzymes, great plasticity in stressful conditions, these two enzymes, with further research, could be potential biomarkers for cadmium presence.
Published: 2009

136. Uticaj abiotičkih stresora na stabilnost razvića i morfološku varijabilnost Iris pumila u prirodnim i eksperimentalnim populacijama

Author: Miljković, Danijela, Tucić, Branka, Giba, Zlatko, and Lazarević, Jelica
Subjects: Radijalna asimetrija cveta, Developmentalstability, Fluctuating asymmetry, Korelacioni odnosi osobina cveta, Radial asymmetry, developmental stability, Stabilnost razvića, Environmental stress, Fluktuirajuća asimetrija cveta, Sredinski stres, Iris pumila, Correlation relationship between floral traits
Abstract: Uticaj različitog inteziteta svetlosti, kao jednog od abiotičkih faktora životne sredine, na nivo stabilnosti razvića i morfološku varijabilnost osobina cveta I. pumila ispitivan je na jedinkama populacija koje naseljavaju dva prirodna staništa različitiog inteziteta i kvaliteta raspoložive svetlosti (otvoreno i zasenčeno stanište), kao i na jedinkama populacija poreklom sa otvorenog i zasenčenog staništa, koje su bile izložene tretmanima visokog i niskog svetlosnog inteziteta svetlosti u eksperimentalnim uslovima. Osnovna hipoteza je bila da pod uticajem suboptimalnog intenziteta svetlosti dolazi do smanjenja stabilnosti razvića cvetnih organa što se može utvrditi na osnovu stepena asimetrije radijalno i bilateralno simetričnih cvetnih organa. Stepen fluktuirajuće asimetrije i radijalne asimetrije kao mere nestabilnosti razvića jedinke ili populacije, zavisi od intenziteta delovanja biotičkih i abiotičkih stresora, a pošto je stepen asimetrije negativno korelisan sa stabilnošću razvića, a pozitivno sa razvojnim šumom, na osnovu toga treba očekivati veće vrednosti indeksa asimetrije, tj. veću nestabilnost razvića u stresnijim sredinskim uslovima. Veličina i obrazac stabilnosti razvića osobina cveta I.pumila su se razlikovali u zavisnosti od analizirane osobine, kao i od evolucione istorije istraživanih populacija. Prosečne vrednosti indeksa radijalne asimetrije su bile više u zasenčenom nego u otvorenom staništu, ukazujući da je zasenčeno stanište verovatno stresnija sredina. Populacije poreklom sa otvorenog i zasenčenog staništa su se razlikovale u srednjoj vrednosti indeksa radijalne asimetrije osobina cveta u okviru svakog od svetlosnih tretmana. Fluktuirajuća asimetrija, kao mera bilateralne simetrije osobina cveta I.pumila, imala je veće vrednosti u prirodnim staništima sa visokim svetlosnim intezitetom u poređenju sa niskim, na osnovu čega bi se moglo zaključiti da je otvoreno stanište stresnije za ovaj tip osobina cveta. Aktuelni svetlosni uslovi u alternativnim svetlosnim staništima su indukovali statistički značajne razlike u strukturi fenotipskih i genetičkih korelacionih matrica morfoloških osobina cveta I.pumila. Jaka korelativna veza između veličine fola i standarda na unutar-individualnom nivou u sredinama različitog svetlosnog inteziteta može da ukazuje na bliske veze procesa razvića pomenutih osobina. The main goal of thesis was to examine the influence of an abiotic environmental factor, such as light intensity, on the developmental stability level and morphological variability of I. pumila floral traits. The individuals, from natural habitat populations which located different light condition habitats (exposed and shaded one), as well as the individuals of populations derived from natural habitat but raised in experimental light conditions of low and high intensity, were used. The basic hypothesis was whether suboptimal light intensity decreased developmental stability of floral traits. Since the level of fluctuating and radial asymmetry is in negative correlation with developmental stability, but is positively correlated with developmental noise, the larger values of asymmetry index are to be expected in more stressful conditions. The developmental stability size and pattern of I. pumila floral traits differed depending on analyzed trait, as well as on the evolutionary history of analyzed populations. The radial asymmetry index showed higher average values in shaded habitat comparing to the exposed one, meaning that the exposed location is more stressful environment for development of the identical replicas of different floral organs. Populations derived from open and shaded habitat differed in an average value of radial asymmetry index of floral traits inside each light intensity treatments, but didn’t differ in fluctuating asymmetry level.Statistically significant interaction between treatment and population, that we got for the radial asymmetry of the standard length and all the indices of fluctuating asymmetry, indicate that the effect of the light intensity on the sensitivity of developmental stability of Iris pumila floral traits depends on the population origin: whether they originated from an open or a shaded habitat. The actual light regimes in different habitats create statistically significant differences in phenotypic and genetic correlation matrices’ structures of morphological Iris pumila floral traits. The correlation matrices of morphological Iris pumila floral traits coincided within and between populations derived from alternative light intensity treatments.
Published: 2009

137. Repellent activity of Tanacetum parthenium (L.) and Tanacetum vulgare (L.) essential oils against Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say).

Author: Lazarević J, Kostić I, Milanović S, Šešlija Jovanović D, Krnjajić S, Ćalić D, Stanković S, and Kostić M
Subjects: Animals, Behavior drug effects, Insect Repellents pharmacology, Larva drug effects, Oils, Volatile pharmacology, Plant Oils pharmacology, Tanacetum chemistry, Coleoptera drug effects, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Tanacetum parthenium chemistry
Abstract: The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), is one of the most destructive pest species to have developed resistance to most chemical insecticides. We determined the composition and evaluated the potential of Tanacetum parthenium L. and Tanacetum vulgare L. (Asteraceae family) essential oil (EO) application as an alternative eco-friendly control strategy against L. decemlineata. We assessed the antifeedant activity for L. decemlineata larvae and adults by estimating the damage to potato leaves treated with three concentrations of EOs dissolved in ethanol (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5%). Results showed that T. parthenium EO was more effective against larvae, and T. vulgare was more effective against adults. In an olfactometer assay, the time required to choose an untreated leaf disc did not depend on the Tanacetum species, or life stage examined. However, the concentration of EO exhibited a significant effect on the behaviour of both developmental stages. At higher EO concentrations, both third instar larvae and adults require less time to choose an untreated leaf disc. Additionally, T. parthenium EO provoked more rapid movement away from the treated leaf disc than T. vulgare, especially at the highest concentration. Successful modification of L. decemlineata behaviour by the two Tanacetum oils suggests that they possess the potential for use in potato protection.
Published: 2021
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138. Experimentally induced host-shift changes life-history strategy in a seed beetle.

Author: Savković U, ĐorĐević M, Šešlija Jovanović D, Lazarević J, Tucić N, and Stojković B
Subjects: Animals, Body Size physiology, Coleoptera growth & development, Fabaceae physiology, Larva, Longevity physiology, Reproduction physiology, Adaptation, Physiological, Coleoptera physiology, Life History Traits
Abstract: Expansion of the host range in phytophagous insects depends on their ability to form an association with a novel plant through changes in host-related traits. Phenotypic plasticity has important effects on initial survival of individuals faced with a new plant, as well as on the courses of evolutionary change during long-term adaptation to novel conditions. Using experimental populations of the seed beetle that evolved on ancestral (common bean) or novel (chickpea) host and applying reciprocal transplant at both larval and adult stage on the alternative host plant, we studied the relationship between the initial (plastic) phases of host-shift and the subsequent stages of evolutionary divergence in life-history strategies between populations exposed to the host-shift process. After 48 generations, populations became well adapted to chickpea by evolving the life-history strategy with prolonged larval development, increased body mass, earlier reproduction, shorter lifespan and decreased plasticity of all traits compared with ancestral conditions. In chickpea-adapted beetles, negative fitness consequences of low plasticity of pre-adult development (revealed as severe decrease in egg-to-adult viability on beans) exhibited mismatch with positive effects of low plasticity (i.e. low host sensitivity) in oviposition and fecundity. In contrast, beetles adapted to the ancestral host showed high plasticity of developmental process, which enabled high larval survival on chickpea, whereas elevated plasticity in adult behaviour (i.e. high host sensitivity) resulted in delayed reproduction and decreased fecundity on chickpea. The analysis of population growth parameters revealed significant fluctuation during successive phases of the host-shift process in A. obtectus., (© 2016 European Society For Evolutionary Biology. Journal of Evolutionary Biology © 2016 European Society For Evolutionary Biology.)
Published: 2016
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139. Cadmium-induced changes of gypsy moth larval mass and protease activity.

Author: Vlahović M, Ilijin L, Lazarević J, Mrdaković M, Gavrilović A, Matić D, and Mataruga VP
Subjects: Animals, Cadmium administration & dosage, Enzyme Activation drug effects, Enzyme Activation physiology, Female, Larva drug effects, Larva enzymology, Moths, Protease Inhibitors administration & dosage, Cadmium toxicity, Food Contamination, Peptide Hydrolases metabolism, Protease Inhibitors toxicity
Abstract: Cadmium uptake takes place mainly through food. Lymantria dispar larvae were exposed to dietary cadmium in concentrations of 10 and 30μg Cd/g dry food (NOEC, no-observed-effect and LOEC, lowest-observed-effect concentration, respectively) for acute and chronic treatment and recovery. We established that metal contamination decreased mass only during the chronic treatment at 30μg Cd/dry food with no recovery on removal of cadmium for 3days. Significant reduction of protease activity was detected at LOEC after the acute and chronic treatments. Protease showed enhanced plasticity with regard to the fitness trait (mass) during environmental stress and the higher cadmium load, when it changed. The statistically significant higher index of phenotypic plasticity for protease correlated with lower variability. Protease isoforms at the same cadmium treatments differed between genotypes, while some protease isoforms from one egg-mass differed between cadmium treatments. Owing to the low sensitivity and plasticity of mass change during exposure to cadmium, as well as its small influence, we concluded that larval mass is not a good indicator of cadmium presence in food. We suggest that proteases, with further research, might be a suitable indicator of dietary cadmium contamination, as well as nutriment utilization during heavy metal stress., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2014
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140. The effect of mitochondrial complex I inhibitor on longevity of short-lived and long-lived seed beetles and its mitonuclear hybrids.

Author: Jovanović DŠ, Dorđević M, Savković U, and Lazarević J
Subjects: Animals, Cell Nucleus drug effects, Cell Nucleus metabolism, Coleoptera genetics, Electron Transport Complex I metabolism, Female, Longevity physiology, Male, Mitochondria drug effects, Mitochondria metabolism, Pesticides pharmacology, Pyrazoles pharmacology, Reactive Oxygen Species metabolism, Species Specificity, Aging metabolism, Coleoptera drug effects, Coleoptera metabolism, Electron Transport Complex I antagonists & inhibitors, Longevity drug effects
Abstract: Mitochondria are suggested to play a central role in ageing and evolution of longevity. Gradual decline in mitochondrial function during ageing and concomitant increase in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to oxidative damage of macromolecules and impairment of ATP synthesis. To assess relationship between ageing and oxidative stress resistance we exposed different longevity lines of the seed beetle (Acanthoscelides obtectus) to four concentrations of tebufenpyrad, mitochondrial complex I inhibitor. Complex I is one of main sites of ROS production during normal respiration and its inhibition elevates oxidative stress. Our results showed that 24 h of exposure to tebufenpyrad decreased survival and post-stress longevity due to increased baseline mortality. Higher resistance was recorded in beetles from lines selected for late reproduction and extended longevity (L) than in early reproducing beetles (E). Also, females were more resistant than males. Since complex I is under dual genetic control, our second aim was to disentangle relative contribution of nuclear and mitochondrial genes to the variation in longevity. We used crossed combinations of distinct mitochondrial and nuclear genotypes (E × L, L × E) and compared them to control hybrids where mitochondrial genome was "transplanted" onto the original background (E × E, L × L). Our study revealed significant effect of nucleus, i.e. higher survival and post-stress longevity in beetles harbouring L nucleus. Mitochondrion effect was significant only within L nuclear background where E mitochondrion gave advantage.
Published: 2014
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141. The effects of acute exposure to magnetic fields on morphometric characteristics of bombyxin-producing neurosecretory neurons in gypsy moth caterpillars.

Author: Ilijin L, Vlahović M, Mrdaković M, Mirčić D, Prolić Z, Lazarević J, and Perić-Mataruga V
Subjects: Animals, Brain metabolism, Calcium chemistry, Electromagnetic Fields, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Hormones metabolism, Moths, Neuropeptides chemistry, Peptides chemistry, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Time Factors, Immunohistochemistry methods, Neurons metabolism, Neuropeptides metabolism
Abstract: Purpose: To examine the effects of acute exposure to strong static magnetic fields and extremely low frequency magnetic fields, on neurosecretory neurons which synthesise insulin-like neurohormone., Materials and Methods: Immunocytochemical detection of bombyxin-like material in the protocerebral neurosecretory neurons of Lymantria dispar caterpillars was performed using a monoclonal antibody directed against a synthetic dekapeptide corresponding to the N-terminus of the bombyxin A-chain. Caterpillars were exposed to strong static magnetic fileds (235 mT) and extremely low frequency magnetic fields (2 mT) for three days after moulting into the 4th instar., Results: We report the presence of immunoreactive molecules in A2 type of medial neurosecretory neurons (nsn) in caterpillars' brain of L. dispar. The three-day exposure of caterpillars to stresogenic external magnetic fields changed the size of A2 type nsn, their nuclei and the intensity of protein band in the region of bombyxin molecular mass (4-6 kD) after exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields in comparison to control group and group treated by strong static magnetic fields., Conclusion: These are the first data on the influence of external magnetic fields on the polyphagous phytophagous forest pest L. dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantridae) indicating an intensive synthesis of insulin-like neurosecretory material.
Published: 2011
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142. Effects of cadmium on protocerebral neurosecretory neurons and fitness components in Lymantria dispar L.

Author: Ilijin L, Perić-Mataruga V, Radojicić R, Lazarević J, Nenadović V, Vlahović M, and Mrdaković M
Subjects: Animals, Brain growth & development, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Larva drug effects, Larva growth & development, Moths growth & development, Brain drug effects, Cadmium toxicity, Environmental Pollutants toxicity, Moths drug effects, Neurosecretory Systems drug effects
Abstract: Changes in fitness components including larval stage duration, relative growth rate (RGR), and mass of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), were investigated in caterpillars fed a synthetic diet with or without a cadmium supplement (10, 30, 100, 250 microg Cd/g dry food weight). Morphometric changes of large protocerebral dorsomedial A2 neurosecretor neurons, their nuclei and the electrophoresis profiles of brain proteins were analyzed in the 4 instar gypsy moths fed the examined diets. The duration of the fourth larval instars were prolonged and RGR and body mass reduced if the caterpillars were fed diets containing high concentrations of cadmium (100 and 250 microg). The size of large A2 dorsomedial neurosecretory neurons and their nuclei were significantly higher in larvae fed the diets supplemented with 10, 100 and 250 microg Cd. A large amount of neurosecretory material appeared in dorsomedial neurosecretory neurons in larvae fed diets with 100 and 250 microg Cd. Differences in larval brain protein profiles in the region of molecular mass ranges (Mr) of 98 kDa, 46 kDa and 3.4-6.1 kDa were identified in the experimental groups.
Published: 2010
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143. Effects of rearing density on larval growth and activity of digestive enzymes in Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae).

Author: Lazarević J, Perić-Mataruga V, Vlahović M, Mrdaković M, and Cvetanović D
Subjects: Analysis of Variance, Animals, Body Weight, Insect Proteins metabolism, Larva growth & development, Larva metabolism, Leucyl Aminopeptidase metabolism, Trypsin metabolism, Yugoslavia, alpha-Amylases metabolism, Digestion physiology, Enzymes metabolism, Moths growth & development, Moths metabolism, Population Density
Abstract: Density dependent responses of 4th, 5th and 6th instar gypsy moth larvae were studied at the level of larval mass, midgut loading and activities of three digestive enzymes (alpha-amylase, trypsin and leucine aminopeptidase). High density significantly reduced larval mass while midgut loading (expressed as relative midgut mass) did not change except in the 5th instar where it was increased at high density. Specific amylase and leucine aminopeptidase activities were not affected by crowding. Specific trypsin activity was on average higher in crowded than in isolated larvae. High density also affected the correlations between midgut protein content and activities of two proteolytic enzymes suggesting differences in regulatory mechanisms of insect digestion. The importance of these changes for survival under stressful conditions is discussed.
Published: 2004

144. Sexual dimorphism in life history plasticity in the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.).

Author: Lazarević J and Perić-Mataruga V
Subjects: Adaptation, Physiological, Animals, Body Weight, Diet, Female, Larva growth & development, Male, Nutritional Status, Longevity, Moths growth & development, Moths physiology, Sex Characteristics
Abstract: Sexual differences in reaction norms of life history traits (larval development time--LDT, pupal weight--PW and adult longevity--L) were investigated in the gypsy moth reared on young or old oak leaves during the first larval instar. Sexual dimorphism was revealed for genetic variation in reaction norms that was expressed only for LDT in males, and PW and L in females. Higher mean plasticity of longevity was found in males compared to females indicating that the sexes are exposed to divergent selective pressures. Greater dependence of males on energy resources (carbohydrates and lipids) may account for the observed differences.
Published: 2003

145. Behavioural response to an unsuitable host plant in the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.).

Author: Lazarević J, Perić-Mataruga V, Prolić Z, and Tucić N
Subjects: Acacia chemistry, Animals, Larva, Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids pharmacology, Quercus chemistry, Feeding Behavior, Moths, Plants, Edible
Abstract: To assess local differentiation in host preference, a two-choice test was performed on first-instar gypsy moth larvae originating from an oak and locust-tree forest. More than 40 generations feeding on locust-tree leaves, rich in alkaloids, led to non-efficient discrimination of host leaves in larvae from a locust-tree forest. Possible causes of observed population differences are discussed in the present paper.
Published: 2003

146. Changes in midgut and brain proteins in Morimus funereus larvae depending on nutritive substrate.

Author: Ilijin L, Janković-Tomanić M, Mitić M, Vlahović M, Lazarević J, Perić-Maratuga V, Prolić Z, and Nenadović V
Subjects: Animal Feed, Animals, Brain Chemistry, Hydrolyzable Tannins metabolism, Larva growth & development, Larva physiology, Nutritive Value, Proteins analysis, Coleoptera growth & development, Coleoptera physiology, Digestive System Physiological Phenomena, Starvation physiopathology
Abstract: The response of Morimus funereus larvae to total starvation and refeeding with qualitatively different nutritive substrates (artificial diets supplemented with yeast as a source of B complex vitamins or with a digestibility reducer-tannic acid) was examined in this paper. Refeeding resulted in a compensatory increase of larval growth. Feeding and refeeding with qualitatively different nutritive substrates affected both quality and quantity of midgut and brain proteins. The observed differences suggest the possible switching of enzyme isoforms in M. funereus midgut and changes in synthesis/secretion of neurohormones, depending on food presence and its nutritional value.
Published: 2003

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