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The aim of this article is to define some methodological principles regarding the translation of Augustine's exegetical homilies from Latin into the Slovak language with the view of the needs of modern recipients. In order to pursue this goal, we have analysed the corpus of Augustine's Homilies on John's Gospel (Tractatus in Iohannis Euangelium 1-16) which reflect the real speech of his contemporaries. While doing so we take into consideration not only the contents of homilies but also their formal aspect that very often attracted the hearer's attention more than the contents itself, and so had both aesthetic and didactic functions at the same time. The proposed methodological principles can thus help translators to make accessible authentic Latin speech in a target language with the use of stylistic means, mainly some figures of speech which facilitate the process of remembering preacher's message. Moreover, in order to demonstrate what effect this formal aspect of Augustine's homilies had on his hearers, we have prepared sound records of Augustine's selected homilies in the Slovak language illustrating his preaching art. The major contribution of the article is thus the new approach toward formal aspect of Augustine's homilies which has not been dealt with systematically so far in Slovakia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Profile: Issues in Teachers' Professional Development is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The fourth part of the “Suggestions for Refining Theological Terminology in Slovak” project deals with the incorrect wording and translation of the terms ‘ľudskosť’ (humanity – virtue) and ‘ľudstvo’ (human race) in Slovak. It presents several examples from theological literature in which both incorrect terms are given. It points out their correct wording on the basis of official texts of the Catholic Church in Christology. It also looks for the causes of this phenomenon. One of them is the basic study of Christology abroad and the publication of theological articles or the translation of documents of the Catholic Church in Slovak, despite the fact that they did not master the terminology in the field of dogmatic theology in Slovak after returning from their studies. The second one is the similarity of the words ‘humanitas’ and ‘natúra humána’ in Latin and other languages, especially Romance languages, but also in Czech. Finally, it adds that the use of incorrect terms causes a distorted, even erroneous, phrasing of the text about the person of Jesus Christ. This unwanted phenomenon can be prevented by studying the available theological literature in Slovak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optical character recognition for the right to left and cursive languages such as Arabic is challenging and received little attention from researchers in the past compared to the other Latin languages. Moreover, the absence of a standard publicly available dataset for several low-resource languages, including the Pashto language remained a hurdle in the advancement of language processing. Realizing that, a clean dataset is the fundamental and core requirement of character recognition, this research begins with dataset generation and aims at a system capable of complete language understanding. Keeping in view the complete and full autonomous recognition of the cursive Pashto script. The first achievement of this research is a clean and standard dataset for the isolated characters of the Pashto script. In this paper, a database of isolated Pashto characters for forty four alphabets using various font styles has been introduced. In order to overcome the font style shortage, the graphical software Inkscape has been used to generate sufficient image data samples for each character. The dataset has been pre-processed and reduced in dimensions to 32x32 pixels, and further converted into the binary format with a black background and white text so that it resembles the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) database. The benchmark database is publicly available for further research on the standard GitHub and Kaggle database servers both in pixel and Comma Separated Values (CSV) formats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the semantic overlap between Latin and Old English verbs of seeing which appear in interlinear glosses and translation. Topics include the classification of Old English verbs of vision such as power of vision, perceptional seeing and intentional seeing, some examples of Old English renderings, and a summary of some points when Old English verbs are seen from their Latin counterparts.

In our study we wish to discuss the adverbial suffix -iu, which has not been in the researchers' focus, although the first records of the suffix -iu date back (as far as the seventeenth century), and their presence has been noticed even nowadays, in some South-Western dialects of the Dacian-Romanian linguistic regions (for example in Banat). Our research began from certain specific discussions about these adverbs as well as from certain previous researches conducted by us, and we wish to add more details about this linguistic trait and to highlight the structural, semantic and functional traits of this word class. The adverbs in questions are almost absent from the literary language, yet they can be found in the spoken language of the Banat inhabitants and represent proof of old stages of the Romanian language. Such adverbs are not very numerous, yet the scores of adverbs which were recorded during our study are relevant for our research. In this way, one can notice how this remaining dialectal trait points to how Romanian is similar to the other Romance languages. The latter also exhibit a corresponding type of adverb and a derivative suffix, which originates from Latin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Near East University Islamic Research Center / Yakın Doğu Üniversitesi İslam Tetkikleri Merkezi Dergisi is the property of Journal of Near East University Islamic Research Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The author examines the thesis expressed in the title of the volume by Matteo Motolese «L'eccezione fa la regola». Sette storie di errori che raccontano l'italiano (Milano, Garzanti 2022), and especially the notions of «exception» and «error». In the light of the notion of «error», considered as «a usage condemned, generated by a contrasting rule [R-2]», versus a usage approved and generated by a canonical rule [R-1], the author analyses the examples of errors detected by Motolese in the linguistic history of the 7th–8th centuries (Appendix Probi), of the 13th century (Canzoniere Laurenziano), of 1501 (Petrarca, Le cose volgari), 1603 (Vocabolario della Crusca), 1840 (Alessandro Manzoni, Promessi sposi, ed. Quarantana), 1939 (the linguistic policy of Fascism) and 2022 (grammar/spell checkers). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article is a continuation of our previous research published in 2019. It aims to describe the manner in which the authors/editors of several dictionaries of the Romanian language, compiled during the 19th and the 20th centuries, have resorted to cognitive metaphors and mental imagery in order to convey their understanding of language and its development. We have also paid particular attention to the significant shifts in the relationship between language, ideology and national identity as reflected in the prefaces to the lexicographical works we have examined.

"The Italian Legacy in Philadelphia: History, Culture, People, and Ideas" is a book edited by Andrea Canepari and Judith Goode that explores the influence of Italian culture on the development of Philadelphia over the past two centuries. The book highlights the role of informal networks and friendships in shaping the Italian-American cultural capital in the city, emphasizing the contributions of individuals and community institutions rather than official government initiatives. It also examines the concept of "italicity" and how being Italian can be a source of charm and attraction, not only in terms of producing beauty but also in creating a sense of domesticity and familiarity. The book offers insights into the characteristics of Italian culture and its impact on various aspects of Philadelphia's history, including architecture, cuisine, music, and art. [Extracted from the article]

This paper discusses the evolution of documentary culture in early medieval Tuscia by quantitatively examining the Latin spelling of charter scribes in relation to the following factors: time, the distinction between the formulaic and non‐formulaic parts of the document, the scribe's domicile, the scribe's professional status, and the document type. The paper asks what the spelling of charters tells us about administrative and socio‐cultural changes in charter production and in scribal education. The research data is 997 charters from the Late Latin Charter Treebank, and the approach that of philological corpus linguistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work represents an overview of social, political and cultural changes in medieval Spain from the 8th to the 15th century, especially in the Muslim-controlled territory - Al Andalus, which has special significance because of the translation movement created with the participation of all three religions. This was especially visible during the 12th and 13th centuries in the city of Toledo. Because of their work, the Westerners made new acquaintances with different works of ancient writers, translated from the Arab language into the Latin. Books content was mostly from natural sciences: medicine, mathematics and astronomy. A special chapter deals with the organisation and functions of libraries, which existed in Al Andalus, as well as places in Christian kingdoms - Castille, Aragon and Navara. Among them, the most important in Al Andalus was the Caliph library, and in Christian kingdoms, like in many other countries in medieval Europe, the monastic ones. The art of bookmaking was described through influences of all the people who lived in this territory, and the regions close to it. Therefore, in created books we can see Christian, Jewish and Muslim symbols from the Middle East and the Mediterranean.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to a phonetic rule commonly referred to as Eichner's law, the quality of a long *ē was not affected by an adjacent laryngeal *h2 or *h3 in the prehistory of the individual Indo-European languages: Latin spērāre 'hope' < *spēh2-s- (desiderative), Old Slavic spěti 'be successful' < *spēh2- (cf. *sph2-ró- in Ved. sphirá- and Lat. prosperus; *speh2-i-s- in Old Slavic spěxŭ); Tocharian B yerpe < *h3ērbh-o- 'disk, orb' (without colouration) versus Latin orbis < *h3orbh-i- 'circle'. The purpose of the article is not to reassess the value of all reconstructions involving Eichner's law, but to focus primarily on two neglected examples supporting its validity: Latin īdūs < *h2ēid- 'Ides', a term originally referring to the full moon, for which a connection with aemidus < *h2eid- (a term glossed as tumidus) can plausibly be argued; Greek ἔγκατα < *h2ēnk- 'mass of the inner organs of the thorax and of the upper part of the abdomen' related to ὄγκος 'swelling, tumour, bulk' (from an older meaning 'curvature'; the word constantly refers to volume, not to weight). The striking structural parallelism between ἔγκατα < *h2ḗnk-r/n- 'pluck' (with Osthoff-shortening) and ἧπαρ < *(H)yḗkw-r/n- 'liver' requires a close reexamination of the latter word and a detailed discussion of the puzzling vocalism of Lat. iecur, gen. iocineris. The study aims at offering a careful analysis of these items, taking into account their precise semantics and the relevant comparative data. Particular emphasis will be laid upon the derivational processes responsible for the morphological shape of the lexemes under discussion. It will appear that the Classical languages, especially Latin, can make a decisive contribution to the understanding of the morphology of lengthened-grade formations, which in turn offer new insights into the history of the Latin and Greek lexicons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1306/1307 the Master of the Hospital Foulques de Villaret presented a crusading treatise in Latin to the pope. A second, and in some ways rather different, Hospitaller treatise in French has, despite occasional doubts, almost unanimously been placed between 1307 and 1310. It seems, however, to be datable between 1310 and 1328, possibly to the years 1319 to 1323. The later dating would impose some adjustments to the history of projects to recover Jerusalem and in particular to the varied interpretations of the lesser or preliminary operations often termed a passagium particulare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dominik Mokoš (1718 - 22.XII.1776) was a Franciscan monk and religious writer who also acted as preacher, vicar, teacher and chronicler in the second half of the 18th century in various regions of Slovakia (such as Nižná Šebastová, Stropkov, Kremnica, Pruské, Okoličné, Beckov) or as a missionary in various areas of Šariš, Spiš, Orava and Poland. He was one of the most prolific authors of homiletic literature in the second half of the 18th century in Slovakia. In his Marian, Christmas and lenten preaching, we can identify intertextual references to the Bible, patristic, medieval and humanist religious literature. This study focuses on how these sources were used by Mokoš in his sermons as well as how he applied formal stylistic embellishments and used rhetorical techniques in an attempt to attract the focused attention of his listeners. Dominik Mokoš (1718 - 22.12.1776) was a Franciscan monk and religious writer, who worked as preacher, vicar, teacher and chronicler in the second half of 18th century in various parts of Slovakia. He was one of the most productive authors of homiletic literature of that time in Slovakia. Six volumes of his Sunday, Christmas, eschatological and missionary sermons. As can be seen from the number of quotations used in D. Mokoš's sermons, when conceiving them, the author drew on various sources, which are sometimes very difficult to identify, because he provided references to them in abbreviations, incompletely, and imprecisely. He used all kinds of textual aid when creating sermons; from the Bible and the works of ancient authors, through patristic and hagiographic literature, tracts, sermons, prayers, legends, emblems, medieval and humanist exegetical works, to relatively current literature, such as some reformation works. Various types of quotation used in the sermons represented the author's attempt to convey the teachings of the Catholic Church as plastically as possible. The responsiveness to recipients from the common people represented mainly in the use of proverbs, sayings, examples, and parables from the folk environment is interspersed with elements of an elite nature, such as allusions to ancient authors or direct Latin quotations that pointed to the erudition of the author. The classical education of the author was manifested on the one hand by allusions to more or less well-known ancient texts and on the other hand, by the use of longer stories that pointed to the author's outlook, but in accordance with the Christian message of the sermon, also to the age-old desire of humanity to seek moral goodness. In the sermons, there are quotes that refer to Mokoš's knowledge of reformation ideology (or reformation literature). The sermons of D. Mokoš were one of many examples of Slovak-Latin texts, which showed that with the gradual cultivation of Slovak and the disappearance of Latin as a living language, its use in written form persisted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of January 2022 the International Baccalaureate Organisation (IBO) published the new Diploma syllabus for Classical Languages (for first assessment in 2024). The new IB Diploma syllabus has at its heart a desire to move away from the teaching of language and literature as two distinct skills, while embracing a broader range of teaching and assessment methods which do greater justice to the richness, diversity and range of skills students can, and do, develop through the learning of classical languages. In what follows, I will discuss the new IB Classical Languages syllabus and whether it lives up to these worthy aims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay addresses how prosodic change operates in the context of languages in contact. To this end, it is based on a selection of relevant studies in the field of Spanish in contact, either with other Romance languages (Arias, 2012; Carvalho, 2006, 2016; Lipski, 2006) or with indigenous languages of Latin America (Barnes & Michnowicz, 2013; Henriksen & Fafulas, 2017; Hualde & Schwegler, 2008; Van Rijswijk & Muntendam, 2014), as well as with US English (Alvord, 2010). In recent years, the scientific community has consistently focused on the way in which prosody can account for the effects of language contact and also, potentially, those effects deriving from contact-induced language change. Although some studies prefer to tackle the issue either based on historical written sources (Arias, 2012) or within a rather general or inclusive theoretical framework (Lipski, 2006; Carvalho, 2016), multiple researchers have focused on the design and application of online instruments, especially sociolinguistic interviews and/or tasks whose goal is to obtain a favorable context to successfully analyze prosodic change involving languages in contact (Barnes & Michnowicz, 2013; Henriksen & Fafulas, 2017; Alvord, 2010). Finally, we highlight the importance of certain sociolinguistic factors (e.g., social prestige found for a particular variety) in defining and establishing prosodic change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers some aspects of teaching the Latin language to future philologists. Special attention has been paid to the historical aspect of teaching Latin. The differences between teaching Latin and teaching modern languages have been distinguished. It has been stressed that Ukrainian students do not need to obtain all language competencies while learning this course. Among them are philologists, Law students, medical students, etc. The authors pay special attention to training philologists as they are likely to teach the basics of Latin to the students of other majors. There are some problems connected with the study of Latin in the 21st century. For instance, this language is learnt only for one or two semesters in modern Ukrainian institutions of higher education. Therefore, it is impossible to learn a large number of Latin words. So, the authors recommend choosing some frequently used words, as well as some proper nouns. It has been underlined that learning Latin is a complicated activity because of the absence of native speakers and lack of definitive knowledge about the Latin phonetics. It has been mentioned that not so many texts survive from Classical Antiquity and there is only a limited number of post-classical Latin-language texts. This language, like any other one, has changed a lot, so we focus on learning Classical Latin. It was used as a literary standard by writers of the late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire. But we use the texts adapted for the present-day students. Foe example, the words are spelt separately and the letters u and j are used. In this article the authors have distinguished several clusters of Latin words that are to be learnt. Students are asked to find out the etymology of modern English words that have Latin origin. It has been shown that Latin helps students to get ready for learning other languages. The linguodidactic potential of Latin proverbs has been shown. Besides, the authors have used some mottos of countries, regions and cities. It is suggested to use modern Internet sources including Englishlanguage ones. The article contains an example of a multiple-choice exercise aimed at training grammar skills. The authors assume that learning Latin should be supported with discussions and self-study work presentations. Special attention is paid to motivation of students.

The article discusses the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) interpretation to increase inclusivity at scientific conferences by allowing speakers to present in their native languages with real-time English captions. The study conducted at the 2024 Ecological Society of America's Annual Meeting found that attendees were supportive of AI interpretation, but identified areas for improvement such as cognitive overload, language structure issues, and the need for recognition of different speech patterns and dialects. The authors call for continued development of AI interpretation, collaboration with diverse scientists, and attention to neurodivergent communicators and signed languages to enhance inclusivity in scientific communication. [Extracted from the article]

In the article "Paul, The Apostle of Obedience: Reading Obedience in Romans," Jason Myers explores the theme of obedience in the book of Romans and its connection to Paul's understanding of his call, the work of Christ, and believers' relationships with each other. Myers argues that previous scholarship has neglected the importance of obedience in Romans and has not adequately explored its Graeco-Roman background. He examines obedience language in Greek and Latin political/historical literature, philosophical literature, and Roman monuments, sculptures, and inscriptions to demonstrate its prominence in imperial discourse. The second half of the book provides an exegetical analysis of Romans, highlighting how attention to the context of Roman obedience language enhances understanding of Paul's discourse. Overall, the book offers a convincing and cohesive argument, providing valuable insights for the study of Romans. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a journal titled "Erudition & the Republic of Letters" and contains various articles and book reviews. The articles cover topics such as cultural exchange between Vienna and Pozsony, the translation of early modern biblical scholarship, and the art of memory in early modern mnemonics. The book reviews discuss works on global history of knowledge, medieval diagrams, Latin language, and humanities in nineteenth-century Germany. The journal also includes articles on Lucretius and humanist Latin knowledge, Robert Hooke's science, and the role of Gassendi in the Low Countries. [Extracted from the article]

Every textbook has its strengths, and each its own quirks and idiosyncrasies. Apart from any pedagogical concerns about the old Cambridge Latin Course textbook series, for example, was the question of how it represented problematic aspects of the ancient world, such as the role of women and the institution of slavery (see Hunt, 2016). The de Romanis Latin course (Radice et al., 2020a and 2020b), which we use at my school at Key Stage 3, takes a much more detached approach to the teaching of Roman culture, presenting its reading exercises as individual stories grouped around each chapter's centralised theme rather than as a narrative told from the perspective of one group of fictionalised characters. But difficult subjects still arise and need to be handled sensitively by the teacher - particularly given the age group (11-14) the textbook is aimed at. This paper shows one way in which this might be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Automatic handwriting recognition has received considerable attention over the past three decades. Handwriting recognition systems are useful for a wide range of applications. Much research has been conducted to address the problem in Latin languages. However, less research has focused on the Arabic language, especially concerning recognizing children's Arabic handwriting. This task is essential as the demand for educational applications to practice writing and spelling Arabic letters is increasing. Thus, the development of Arabic handwriting recognition systems and applications for children is important. In this paper, we propose two deep learning-based models for the recognition of children's Arabic handwriting. The proposed models, a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a pre-trained CNN (VGG-16) were trained using Hijja, a recent dataset of Arabic children's handwriting collected in Saudi Arabia. We also train and test our proposed models using the Arabic Handwritten Character Dataset (AHCD). We compare the performance of the proposed models with similar models from the literature. The results indicate that our proposed CNN outperforms the pre-trained CNN (VGG-16) and the other compared models from the literature. Moreover, we developed Mutqin, a prototype to help children practice Arabic handwriting. The prototype was evaluated by target users, and the results are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores a collaborative project between a researcher and a novelist aimed at making Roman childhood more visible in children's literature. Topics discussed include the challenges of portraying ancient childhood experiences, the integration of historical accuracy in time travel narratives, and the use of Latin and Roman cultural elements to engage modern readers.

This research is aimed to identify the particularities of English anatomical terms, based on comparative description of structural forms and in terms of origin. One-word and compound English and Latin anatomical terms are compared. This research was based on the use of anatomical terms in the textbook "Human Anatomy", published by M. Prives, V. Bushkovich, N. Lisenkov, who offer a progressive view towards' descriptive, evolutionary, functional, and practical anatomy. Medical terms in the textbook can be basically divided into one-word and multi-word terms. One-word terms can be simple words, derived words, compounds, or a combination of derived and compound words. Compound anatomical terms can consist of twosix words. More than a half of the one-word English anatomical terms are formed on the basis of the English lexis. Most English compound anatomical terms are formed using the terms of Latin or Greek languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper I discuss the possibility of considering periphrastic passive constructions as syntactic Latinisms. To do so, I start from the definition of Latinism and present a gradual conception of it that enables the differentiation of strong and weak syntactic Latinisms. In this sense, I question the characterisation of the periphrastic passive as an inherited form, a problem that requires reflection on the types of linguistic change and the processes of linguistic elaboration that contribute to multiplying the possibilities of variation in languages subjected to scripturalisation processes since the Middle Ages. In the case of the periphrastic passive, this paper presents a brief state of the art and insists on the point of view of translation, which frequently proves how forms with active diathesis have a special prominence as opposed to those with passive diathesis. I also present a general overview of the diachronic research focused on the phenomenon. The examples selected for this paper include fragments of medieval and Renaissance works in which it is possible to discern various Latinising, Anti-Latinising and Hyper-Latinising tendencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the Latin works dealing with medicine and physicians, published in seventeenth-century Kraków. The main purpose of the research is to present the leading persons of academic medicine working in those times in this city and to follow through the selected works, which constitute a part of Neo-Latin literature in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The scholastic way of the discourse did not always mean overuse of the authorities, however both ancient and modern were being evoked. By presenting the segment of the medical milieu of seventeenth-century Kraków, namely those academics who published their works there, the author claims that sometimes the neglected Latin editorial production of the Cracovian printing shops is an important part not only for the history of the development of medicine in this region of Europe but also for the cultural heritage of the state’s community. Although the Latin language might enable the broader extent of these medical works, most of them were addressed to a particular scientific public. The essay shows that many medical doctors were known for their activities in various fields, such as poetry and city management, and that the panegyrical works may serve as one of the sources of recognition of their biographies and medical output as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the medieval period of the history of liturgical translation in Ukraine and Poland. In the ninth century, the evangelizing mission of SS Cyril and Methodius brought Christian translations to the east of what was then Europe. Although religious translations were not cherished in Moravia and Poland, they flourished in Bulgaria, Serbia, and Ukraine. The Roman corpus of liturgical texts existed only in Latin, and socio-political conditions stimulated the emergence of translations from Latin to Polish. The Byzantine corpus was introduced in Old Church Slavonic, which was understood by and accepted among Slavs. Different nations modified these texts according to their local visions and the necessities of their churches. Poland's and Ukraine's liturgical praxis under the aegis of the Roman and Byzantine Mother-Churches defined the shaping of different corpora of liturgical books, but the quality of translations was high in all Slavonic translations. The (typically) negatively judged strategy of literalism prepared a foundation for lingual experimentation in semantic expression and helped to spread the local melodies of liturgical tradition. The Church Slavonic language gave a more fruitful impetus to the development of early Ukrainian literature than the Latin language provided to early Polish literature. In fact, the Latin language restrained a similar development of early Polish literature for two centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to the study of the relationship between Latin and Tuscan vernacular in the 16th century. We examine a set of almost neglected grammatical works (the Concetti, Supplimento, and Il grammatico) published between 1557 and 1567, and related to the Italian humanist Aonio Paleario. We adopt both a linguistic and literary approach to shed light particularly on the humanistic perspectives on language education and proficiency. After presenting a brief outline of the content of the three works and their problematic authorship, we focus on the dialogue Il grammatico. We conclude that, within the discussion on method for teaching Latin, the dialogue defines the humanist as the guardian of the best language for both Latin and vernacular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I show how ubiquitous hybridity is in cultures. It is enabled by layers of population movements and contacts since the dispersal of Homo sapiens out of Africa around 50,000 years ago. I demonstrate how hybridization has proceeded in the emergence of creole language varieties and show that the same process has also driven, for instance, the emergence and differential evolution of English and the speciation of Vulgar Latin into the Romance languages. Differences in outcomes are determined by the specificities of the contact ecologies, including population structure, differences in the demographic proportions of the populations in contact and power relations between them, as well as patterns of population growth, among other factors. I argue that hybridity is not unique to languages. It is conspicuous in other domains of culture, including cuisine, music, clothing fashions, and technologies, for example. I submit a uniformitarian approach inspired by evolutionary biology to better understand how hybridization occurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we analyse if certain deverbative event and result nouns appear in support verb constructions in Latin and of which type they are. Specifically, we study four verbal nouns: aedificatio 'building' and insitio 'graft', which allow both an eventive and a result reading; conspiratio 'conspiracy', which only functions as an event noun; and the result noun inflatio 'swelling'. This analysis will allow us to show that both types of nouns participate in support verb constructions and that, consequently, this fact is not a useful criterion to make the difference between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studi e Materiali di Storia delle Religioni is the property of Editrice Morcelliana S.p.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Katalanistik is the property of Zeitschrift fur Katalanistik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Lingüística is the property of Universitas Castellae and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Beginners' Latin courses play a crucial role in opening up the study of the ancient world to university students with little or no previous exposure to the language. Yet many learners struggle: in 2018, for example, 23% of undergraduates in UK universities either failed or withdrew from their beginners' Latin module. The current article reports on a series of semi-structured interviews dedicated to exploring with Latin students and their instructors the factors they perceive as contributing to success and failure, the overarching aim of the project being to identify potential strategies to improve student success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Just like onomastics that preserve the oldest stages of language development, euphemisms can also be used and studied from the point of view of construction, giving us a valuable material for many types and ways of word formation in the Albanian language, as well as for adverbial means. The earlier they are, the greater the value from a linguistic point of view. Not all ways of word formation can be illustrated by euphemisms.". Likewise, which is part of euphemisms (from old Greek eu "good" + phemi "I say", speak), are words used to name things and objects, whose names for various reasons have been avoided from use. So, we are dealing with existing lexical units that mark a new referent. Euphemisms, in essence, are the transfer of the name from one object to another, they are figurative transitions of meaning. Such arguments bring quite a few research and study difficulties, referring to a foreign language, even more so when it comes to a classical language, dead for centuries, as is the case of Latin. In addition, it should be known that euphemisms do not have the same characteristics from language to language, because this linguistic phenomenon does not remain only on the linguistic level, but also extends and deepens on the ethnolinguistic level, otherwise in the entire culture of a people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the inflections of Latin feminine names in Old English. Whereas most Latin loanwords are perfectly integrated and behave like Old English words as far as their morphology is concerned, like scientific loans, names can take inflectional endings from both Latin and Old English. Ruiz Narbona (2023) has shown that, in the case of masculine names, the distribution of both types of inflections followed certain clear patterns. Following the model of that study, the analysis of the 125 tokens from the Old English Martyrology shows that certain rules can also be established in the case of feminine names. In general terms, the inflections of these names are modelled after Old English weak n-stems, although nominative inflections are invariably Latin. The case with the more widespread variation is the genitive, where both Old English and Latin inflections are consistently used. The latter, however, are heavily restricted to introductory sections and function solely as post-modifiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A foreword to the article "An Irradiation of Latin Grammarians, or the De radiis Is Not By al-Kindi" by Sylvain Matton is presented.

Did the knowledge of Greek language in the western half of the Roman Empire, especially as regards Symmachus and his peers, undergo a sharp decline in the fourth century? Did the Greek speaking, well-learned bilinguals of the eastern half usually content themselves with just a basic knowledge of Latin? This paper reads anew some passages of contemporary authors in order to gain useful clues about both issues; our reading focuses on Symm. epist. 1,15. The eventual purpose, as for the prosopography of Latin authors and the history of literary culture in the fourth century, is to show that there were others like Ammianus Marcellinus and Claudian amongst the well-learned provincials from the Greek speaking East. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Although Catullus' relevance may appear diminished to modern audiences, his themes of intimacy and vulnerability still find echoes in newer works, notably Anne Carson's translation of "Ad Inferias", included in the book Nox. This analysis examines the debate about the perceived untranslatability of this poem. Catullus' oeuvre is well known for its linguistic intricacies and explicit motifs, which often pose translation hurdles. "Ad Inferias", a traditional elegy, seems to lack such complexities and has been frequently translated. As indicated, an existential interpretation of the verse "et mutam nequiquam alloquerer cinerem" (and that I would talk in vain to the silent ash), contextualized within Carson's metaphysical silence concept, reframes the discussion. The article underscores the untranslatability as a primarily philosophical aspect, arising from the incommunicability of experiences centred around transcendence, death, mourning, and suffering, and presents examples of translations that maintain the emotional and thematic intensity of the piece. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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