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The availability of 3D Geospatial information is a key issue for many expanding sectors such as autonomous vehicles, business intelligence and urban planning. Its production is now possible thanks to the abundance of available data (Earth observation satellite constellations, insitu data, …) but manual interventions are still needed to guarantee a high level of quality, which prevents mass production. New artificial intelligence and big data technologies adapted to 3D imagery can help to remove these obstacles. The AI4GEO project aims at developing an automatic solution for producing 3D geospatial information and new added-value services. This paper will first introduce AI4GEO initiative, context and overall objectives. It will then present the current status of the project and in particular it will focus on the innovative platform put in place to handle big 3D datasets for analytics needs and it will present the first results of 3D semantic segmentations and associated perspectives.

Characterization and seasonal (periodic) monitoring of plant species distribution in the context of former industrial activity is crucial to assess long-term anthropogenic footprint on vegetated area. Species discrimination has shown promising results using both HyperSpectral (HS) and MultiSpectral (MS) images. Airborne HS instruments enable high spatial and spectral resolution imagery while time series of satellite MS images provide high temporal resolution and phenological information. This paper aims to compare supervised classification results obtained with non-parametric (Random Forest, RF, Support Vector Machine, SVM) and parametric methods (Regularized Logistic Regression, RLR) applied on both kinds of images acquired on an industrial brownfield. The studied site is a complex vegetated environment due to species diversity: 8 dominant species are retained. The performance obtained by preliminary feature selection based on principal component analysis and vegetation indices, to improve separability of spectral or temporal information according to species, is analysed. The best performance is obtained by RLR method applied on HS data without feature selection (global accuracy of 93 %). Feature selection is found to be a necessary step to perform classification with time series of MS images. Species that are difficult to distinguish from the HS image, namely Salix and Populus, are well separated using Sentinel-2 images (precision around 70%).

(Series Information) European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2021 6(1), 405-421 | Article | (Table of Contents) I. La nécessité d'une harmonisation accrue de la procédure pénale européenne. - II. L'existence de garanties protégeant les intérêts des États. - II.1. Un droit primaire garantissant l'efficacité des enquêtes. - II.2. Un droit dérivé garantissant le respect des droits nationaux. - III. L'émergence de garanties protégeant les droits des individus. - III.1. Des garanties implicites fondées sur la Charte. - III.2. Des garanties rejetées par le droit pénal européen. | (Abstract) European Union criminal law covers cooperation in criminal matters and the investigative powers granted to European delegated prosecutors. Therefore, it provides for the use of investigative measures interfering with the right to privacy. Those measures are taken on the basis of national law implementing European Union law and they must comply with the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the Union. However, the Charter does not explicitly specify the guarantees applicable to such investigative acts. Moreover, the competences of the Euro-pean Union in criminal procedure are intended only to balance the effectiveness of European investigations and the interests of Member States. Therefore, secondary law does not directly aim at protecting fundamental rights. This situation is becoming increasingly problematic insofar as the case law of the Court of Justice itself tends to request guarantees regarding the use of those measures. For example, a minimum degree of suspicion is a requirement that must be met for those measures to be used. Similarly, targeted persons have to be notified of the measure and have access to effective remedies. Such requirements are currently rejected by Europe-an union secondary law.

The origins of the superior catalytic activity of poorly crystallized Ir-based oxide material for the OER in acid is still under debate. Here, authors synthesize porous IrMo oxides to deconvolute the effect of Ir oxidation state from short-range ordering and show the latter to be a key factor.

Abstract Background Diagnosis performances of case-identifying algorithms developed in healthcare database are usually assessed by comparing identified cases with an external data source. When this is not feasible, intra-database validation can present an appropriate alternative. Objectives To illustrate through two practical examples how to perform intra-database validations of case-identifying algorithms using reconstituted Electronic Health Records (rEHRs). Methods Patients with 1) multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses and 2) metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) were identified in the French nationwide healthcare database (SNDS) using two case-identifying algorithms. A validation study was then conducted to estimate diagnostic performances of these algorithms through the calculation of their positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). To that end, anonymized rEHRs were generated based on the overall information captured in the SNDS over time (e.g. procedure, hospital stays, drug dispensing, medical visits) for a random selection of patients identified as cases or non-cases according to the predefined algorithms. For each disease, an independent validation committee reviewed the rEHRs of 100 cases and 100 non-cases in order to adjudicate on the status of the selected patients (true case/ true non-case), blinded with respect to the result of the corresponding algorithm. Results Algorithm for relapses identification in MS showed a 95% PPV and 100% NPV. Algorithm for mCRPC identification showed a 97% PPV and 99% NPV. Conclusion The use of rEHRs to conduct an intra-database validation appears to be a valuable tool to estimate the performances of a case-identifying algorithm and assess its validity, in the absence of alternative.

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To identify clinical, radiological, and angiographic characteristics associated with recurrent hemoptysis after bronchial artery embolization (BAE) in patients with lung cancer and severe hemoptysis admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). A total of 144 consecutive patients with lung cancer who underwent BAE for life-threatening hemoptysis admitted in the ICU between 2014 and 2022 were retrospectively included. Demographics, laboratory values, clinical course, and radiological/angiographic features were compared between those with and without recurrent hemoptysis within 1 month after embolization. Of the 144 patients (mean age, 60.2 years [SD ± 10.9]; females, 15.3%), 34.7% (50/144) experienced clinically relevant recurrent hemoptysis within 1 month; among them, 29 of 50 (58.0%) cases necessitated a second embolization. Massive hemoptysis was observed in 54.2%, with 16.7% receiving the vasopressin analog terlipressin. The mean volume of hemoptysis and simplified acute physiology score II (SAPS II) were 235 mL (SD ± 214.3) and 31.2 (SD ± 18.6), respectively. Computed tomography (CT) angiography revealed pulmonary artery (PA) injury (11.5%) and necrosis/cavitation (25.8%), and PA embolization was performed in 15.3% of cases. Technical success rate was 92%. SAPS II (P =.01), massive hemoptysis (P <.001), terlipressin use (P =.01), necrosis/cavitation (P =.01), and PA injury on CT angiography (P <.001) were associated with recurrent hemoptysis. Independent predictors on multivariate analysis were massive hemoptysis (P =.016) and PA injury on CT angiography (P =.001). In patients with lung cancer and life-threatening hemoptysis treated by BAE, massive hemoptysis and PA injury identified on CT angiography are independent predictors of recurrent hemoptysis. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Monitoring plant metal uptake is essential for assessing the ecological risks of contaminated sites. While traditional techniques used to achieve this are destructive, Visible Near-Infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectroscopy represents a good alternative to monitor pollution remotely. Based on previous work, this study proposes a methodology for mapping the content of several metals in leaves (Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn) under realistic field conditions and from airborne imaging. For this purpose, the reflectance of Rubus fruticosus L., a pioneer species of industrial brownfields, was linked to leaf metal contents using optimized normalized vegetation indices. High correlations were found between the vegetation indices exploiting pigment-related wavelengths and leaf metal contents (r ≤ − 0.76 for Cr, Cu and Ni, and r ≥ 0.87 for Zn). This allowed predicting the metal contents with good accuracy in the field and on the image, especially Cu and Zn (r ≥ 0.84 and RPD ≥ 2.06). The same indices were applied over the entire study site to map the metal contents at very high spatial resolution. This study demonstrates the potential of remote sensing for assessing metal uptake by plants, opening perspectives of application in risk assessment and phytoextraction monitoring in the context of trace metal pollution.

Light-induced oxidation of water by photosystem II (PS II) in plants, algae and cyanobacteria has generated most of the dioxygen in the atmosphere. PS II, a membrane-bound multi-subunit pigment protein complex, couples the one-electron photochemistry at the reaction centre with the four-electron redox chemistry of water oxidation at the Mn4CaO5 cluster in the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC). Under illumination, the OEC cycles through five intermediate S-states (S0 to S4), in which S1 is the dark-stable state and S3 is the last semi-stable state before O-O bond formation and O2 evolution. A detailed understanding of the O-O bond formation mechanism remains a challenge, and will require elucidation of both the structures of the OEC in the different S-states and the binding of the two substrate waters to the catalytic site. Here we report the use of femtosecond pulses from an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) to obtain damage-free, room temperature structures of dark-adapted (S1), two-flash illuminated (2F; S3-enriched), and ammonia-bound two-flash illuminated (2F-NH3; S3-enriched) PS II. Although the recent 1.95 Å resolution structure of PS II at cryogenic temperature using an XFEL provided a damage-free view of the S1 state, measurements at room temperature are required to study the structural landscape of proteins under functional conditions, and also for in situ advancement of the S-states. To investigate the water-binding site(s), ammonia, a water analogue, has been used as a marker, as it binds to the Mn4CaO5 cluster in the S2 and S3 states. Since the ammonia-bound OEC is active, the ammonia-binding Mn site is not a substrate water site. This approach, together with a comparison of the native dark and 2F states, is used to discriminate between proposed O-O bond formation mechanisms.

X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) enable unprecedented new ways to study the electronic structure and dynamics of transition metal systems. L-edge absorption spectroscopy is a powerful technique for such studies and the feasibility of this method at XFELs for solutions and solids has been demonstrated. However, the required x-ray bandwidth is an order of magnitude narrower than that of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE), and additional monochromatization is needed. Here we compare L-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of a prototypical transition metal system based on monochromatizing the SASE radiation of the linac coherent light source (LCLS) with a new technique based on self-seeding of LCLS. We demonstrate how L-edge XAS can be performed using the self-seeding scheme without the need of an additional beam line monochromator. We show how the spectral shape and pulse energy depend on the undulator setup and how this affects the x-ray spectroscopy measurements.

Abstract Background The role of the BARD1 gene in breast cancer (BC) and ovarian cancer (OC) predisposition remains elusive, as published case-control investigations have revealed controversial results. We aimed to assess the role of deleterious BARD1 germline variants in BC/OC predisposition in a sample of 4920 BRCA1/2-negative female BC/OC index patients of the German Consortium for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer (GC-HBOC). Methods A total of 4469 female index patients with BC, 451 index patients with OC, and 2767 geographically matched female control individuals were screened for loss-of-function (LoF) mutations and potentially damaging rare missense variants in BARD1. All patients met the inclusion criteria of the GC-HBOC for germline testing and reported at least one relative with BC or OC. Additional control datasets (Exome Aggregation Consortium, ExAC; Fabulous Ladies Over Seventy, FLOSSIES) were included for the calculation of odds ratios (ORs). Results We identified LoF variants in 23 of 4469 BC index patients (0.51%) and in 36 of 37,265 control individuals (0.10%), resulting in an OR of 5.35 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.17–9.04; P

Estados Unidos y Europa occidental concentran un gran volumen de investigaciones sobre la forma en que el sistema penal castiga mujeres acusadas de asesinato. Aunque con matices, estos trabajos sostienen que, en líneas generales, el sistema de justicia muestra un trato paternalista hacia las mujeres. Por su parte, en Latinoamérica, las investigaciones sobre la penalización de mujeres imputadas por asesinato son ciertamente más escasas. El presente trabajo se propone como una contribución a este campo de estudios ofreciendo un análisis sobre Argentina. En primer lugar, presentaremos una breve revisión bibliográfica que permita sistematizar las investigaciones (e hipótesis) más relevantes sobre la forma en que la administración de justicia castiga mujeres acusadas de estos crímenes, prestando particular atención a las producciones para Latinoamérica y el Caribe. En segundo término, sirviéndonos de la información del último censo penitenciario del país, analizaremos y compararemos las penas fijadas para mujeres y varones condenados por asesinato en la República Argentina. Esto nos permitirá investigar si el género del acusado por estos crímenes influye en las condenas impuestas por los jueces, de qué modo lo hace y, por lo tanto, si la hipótesis paternalista puede ser útil para dar cuenta de contextos como el argentino.

Abstract Background Record linkage is increasingly used in health research worldwide. Combining the patient information available in healthcare, administrative and clinical databases broadens the research perspectives, particularly for chronic diseases. Recent guidelines highlight the need for transparency on the used record linkage processes and the extracted data to be used by researchers. Methods Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the deterministic iterative approach used to link the French Epidemiology and Information Network (REIN), a French national End-Stage Renal Disease registry, with the Système National des Données de Santé (SNDS), a French nationwide medico-administrative healthcare database. Results Among the 22,073 patients included in the REIN registry who started renal replacement therapy between 2014 and 2015 in France, 19,223 (87.1%) were matched with patients in the SNDS database. Comparison of matched and unmatched patients confirmed the absence of any major selection bias. Then, the record linkage was evaluated using the comorbidity status (diabetes). Conclusions This fast and efficient method of record linkage with pseudonymized data and without unique and direct identifier might inspire other research teams. It also opens the path for new research on chronic kidney disease.

Las reflexiones de Antonio Gramsci en torno al problema del derecho son escasas y fragmentarias, tanto en los escritos previos a su encarcelamiento como en los denominados Cuadernos de la Cárcel. Por eso, tal vez no resulte muy llamativo que haya pocas producciones que se dediquen a analizar directamente el modo en que este autor ha pensado esta problemática. En este trabajo nos proponemos contribuir a cubrir este espacio de vacancia. Presentaremos, en primer lugar, una hipótesis de lectura sobre el problema del derecho en Gramsci, articulando la misma a partir del par conceptual coerción-consenso. Finalmente, intentaremos ir más allá de sus planteos, e introduciremos una posible hipótesis sobre la forma en que el derecho participa de la producción de hegemonía.

EuroDiad version 4.0 is a set of data tables that store information about the presences/absences and population functionality of diadromous species (lampreys and fish) populations in selected catchments in Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa from 1750 to present time. This database contains distribution and life-history trait information for twenty-eight European diadromous species and geomorphological data for each of the selected catchments, though not every species has data for every catchment and time period. EuroDiad was originally created in 2005–2006 (EuroDiad 1.0 and 2.0), and contained data for 196 catchments and two time periods (1851–1950 and 1951–2010). It underwent a major update in 2009–2010 (EuroDiad 3.2) through a validation process by European fisheries experts. Version 3.2 included the addition of 63 small-sized catchments (

Summary: In rodents and humans, the basolateral amygdala (BLA), essential for emotional behaviors, is profoundly reorganized during adolescence. We compared in both sexes the morphology, neuronal, and synaptic properties of BLA neurons in rats at puberty and adulthood. BLA neurons were more excitable in males than in females at adulthood. At pubescence, male action potentials were smaller and shorter than females’ while fast afterhyperpolarizations were larger in males. During postnatal maturation, spine length increased and decreased in females and males, respectively, while there was a reduction in spine head size in females. Excitatory synaptic properties, estimated from stimuli-response relationships, spontaneous post-synaptic currents, and AMPA/NMDA ratio also displayed sex-specific maturational differences. Finally, the developmental courses of long-term potentiation and depression were sexually dimorphic. These data reveal divergent maturational trajectories in the BLA of male and female rats and suggest sex-specific substrates to the BLA linked behaviors at adolescence and adulthood.

This paper reports a plasma reactive oxygen species (ROS) method for decontamination of PPE (N95 respirators and gowns) using a surface DBD source to meet the increased need of PPE due to the COVID-19 pandemic. A system is presented consisting of a mobile trailer (35 m3) along with several Dielectric barrier discharge sources installed for generating a plasma ROS level to achieve viral decontamination. The plasma ROS treated respirators were evaluated at the CDC NPPTL, and additional PPE specimens and material functionality testing were performed at Texas A&M. The effects of decontamination on the performance of respirators were tested using a modified version of the NIOSH Standard Test Procedure TEB-APR-STP-0059 to determine particulate filtration efficiency. The treated Prestige Ameritech and BYD brand N95 respirators show filtration efficiencies greater than 95% and maintain their integrity. The overall mechanical and functionality tests for plasma ROS treated PPE show no significant variations.

The structural and electronic properties of a series of manganese complexes with terminal oxido ligands are described. The complexes span three different oxidation states at the manganese center (III-V), have similar molecular structures, and contain intramolecular hydrogen-bonding networks surrounding the Mn-oxo unit. Structural studies using X-ray absorption methods indicated that each complex is mononuclear and that oxidation occurs at the manganese centers, which is also supported by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies. This gives a high-spin Mn(V)-oxo complex and not a Mn(IV)-oxy radical as the most oxidized species. In addition, the EPR findings demonstrated that the Fermi contact term could experimentally substantiate the oxidation states at the manganese centers and the covalency in the metal-ligand bonding. Oxygen-17-labeled samples were used to determine spin density within the Mn-oxo unit, with the greatest delocalization occurring within the Mn(V)-oxo species (0.45 spins on the oxido ligand). The experimental results coupled with density functional theory studies show a large amount of covalency within the Mn-oxo bonds. Finally, these results are examined within the context of possible mechanisms associated with photosynthetic water oxidation; specifically, the possible identity of the proposed high valent Mn-oxo species that is postulated to form during turnover is discussed.

Multielectron catalytic reactions, such as water oxidation, nitrogen reduction, or hydrogen production in enzymes and inorganic catalysts often involve multimetallic clusters. In these systems, the reaction takes place between metals or metals and ligands to facilitate charge transfer, bond formation/breaking, substrate binding, and release of products. In this study, we present a method to detect X-ray emission signals from multiple elements simultaneously, which allows for the study of charge transfer and the sequential chemistry occurring between elements. Kβ X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) probes charge and spin states of metals as well as their ligand environment. A wavelength-dispersive spectrometer based on the von Hamos geometry was used to disperse Kβ signals of multiple elements onto a position detector, enabling an XES spectrum to be measured in a single-shot mode. This overcomes the scanning needs of the scanning spectrometers, providing data free from temporal and normalization errors and therefore ideal to follow sequential chemistry at multiple sites. We have applied this method to study MnOx-based bifunctional electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In particular, we investigated the effects of adding a secondary element, Ni, to form MnNiOx and its impact on the chemical states and catalytic activity, by tracking the redox characteristics of each element upon sweeping the electrode potential. The detection scheme we describe here is general and can be applied to time-resolved studies of materials consisting of multiple elements, to follow the dynamics of catalytic and electron transfer reactions.

The reduction of protons into dihydrogen is important because of its potential use in a wide range of energy applications. The preparation of efficient and cheap catalysts for this reaction is one of the issues that need to be tackled to allow the widespread use of hydrogen as an energy carrier. In this paper, we report the study of an amorphous molybdenum sulfide (MoSx) proton reducing electrocatalyst under functional conditions, using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. We probed the local and electronic structures of both the molybdenum and sulfur elements for the as prepared material as well as the precatalytic and catalytic states. The as prepared material is very similar to MoS3 and remains unmodified under functional conditions (pH = 2 aqueous HNO3) in the precatalytic state (+0.3 V vs RHE). In its catalytic state (-0.3 V vs RHE), the film is reduced to an amorphous form of MoS2 and shows spectroscopic features that indicate the presence of terminal disulfide units. These units are formed concomitantly with the release of hydrogen, and we suggest that the rate-limiting step of the HER is the reduction and protonation of these disulfide units. These results show the implication of terminal disulfide chemical motifs into HER driven by transition-metal sulfides and provide insight into their reaction mechanism.

Strains of Agrobacterium genomospecies 3 (i.e., genomovar G3 of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens species complex) have been previously isolated from diverse environments, including in association with plant roots, with algae, as part of a lignocellulose degrading community, from a hospital environment, as a human opportunistic pathogen, or as reported in this study, from a surface within the International Space Station. Polyphasic taxonomic methods revealed the relationship of Agrobacterium G3 strains to other Agrobacterium spp., which supports the description of a novel species. The G3 strains tested (n = 9) were phenotypically distinguishable among the strains from other genomospecies of the genus Agrobacterium. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA gene, gyrB gene, multi-locus sequence analysis, and 1,089-gene core-genome gene concatenate concur that tested G3 strains belong to the Agrobacterium genus and they form a clade distinct from other validly described Agrobacterium species. The distinctiveness of this clade was confirmed by average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) comparisons between the G3 tested strains and all known Agrobacterium species type strains, since obtained values were considerably below the 95% (ANI) and 70% (dDDH) thresholds used for the species delineation. According to the core-genome phylogeny and ANI comparisons, the closest relatives of G3 strains were Agrobacterium sp. strains UGM030330-04 and K599, members of a novel genomospecies we propose to call genomovar G21. Using this polyphasic approach, we characterized the phenotypic and genotypic synapomorphies of Agrobacterium G3, showing it is a bona fide bacterial species, well separated from previously named Agrobacterium species or other recognized genomic species. We thus propose the name Agrobacterium tomkonis for this species previously referred to as Agrobacterium genomospecies 3. The type strain of A. tomkonis is IIF1SW-B1T (= LMG 32164 = NRRL B-65602). Comparative genomic analysis show A. tomkonis strains have species-specific genes associated with secretion of secondary metabolites, including an exopolysaccharide and putative adhesins and resistance to copper. A. tomkonis specific gene functions notably relate to surface adhesion and could be involved to colonize nutrient-poor and harsh habitats. The A. tomkonis strains from the ISS showed presence of a 40-kbp plasmid and several other potential mobile genetic elements detected that could also be part of conjugative elements or integrated prophages.

This article seeks to examine the use of the figure of self-defence in the practices of the Buenos Aires criminal justice system. As we will show with the analysis of some paradigmatic cases, through the use of this exceptional figure, this criminal justice system produces certain murders as non-criminal acts to, paradoxically, safeguard individual life as a hegemonic value. Moreover, we will observe that the use of this legal figure reveals that killings to protect private property may not have a criminal character either. This in turn suggests that private property is also a hegemonic value for this criminal justice system, and that the allegedly supremacy of individual life over private property in its value scale should be at least questioned.

ABSTRACT Due to increased demand for testing, as well as restricted supply chain resources, testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection continues to face many hurdles. Pooling several samples has been proposed as an alternative approach to address these issues. We investigated the feasibility of pooling nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) or saliva samples for SARS-CoV-2 testing with a commercial assay (Idylla SARS-CoV-2 test; Biocartis). We evaluated the 10-pool and 20-pool approaches for 149 subjects, with 30 positive samples and 119 negative samples. The 10-pool approach had sensitivity of 78.95% (95% confidence interval [CI], 54.43% to 93.95%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI, 71.51% to 100%), whereas the 20-pool approach had sensitivity of 55.56% (95% CI, 21.20% to 86.30%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI, 25% to 100%). No significant difference was observed between the results obtained with pooled NPS and saliva samples. Given the rapidity, full automation, and practical advantages of the Idylla SARS-CoV-2 assay, pooling of 10 samples has the potential to significantly increase testing capacity for both NPS and saliva samples, with good sensitivity. IMPORTANCE To control outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to avoid reagent shortages, testing strategies must be adapted and maintained for the foreseeable future. We analyzed the feasibility of pooling NPS and saliva samples for SARS-CoV-2 testing with the Idylla SARS-CoV-2 test, and we found that sensitivity was dependent on the pool size. The SARS-CoV-2 testing capacity with both NPS and saliva samples could be significantly expanded by pooling 10 samples; however, pooling 20 samples resulted in lower sensitivity.

Aims: To describe and compare the adherence to different direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in eight European databases representing six countries.Methods: Longitudinal drug utilization study of new users (≥18 years) of DOACs (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban) with a diagnosis of non-valvular atrial fibrillation (2008–2015). Adherence was examined by estimating persistence, switching, and discontinuation rates at 12 months. Primary non-adherence was estimated in BIFAP and SIDIAP databases.Results: The highest persistence rate was seen for apixaban in the CPRD database (81%) and the lowest for dabigatran in the Mondriaan database (22%). The switching rate for all DOACs ranged from 2.4 to 13.1% (Mondriaan and EGB databases, respectively). Dabigatran had the highest switching rate from 5.0 to 20.0% (Mondriaan and EGB databases, respectively). The discontinuation rate for all DOACs ranged from 16.0 to 63.9% (CPRD and Bavarian CD databases, respectively). Dabigatran had the highest rate of discontinuers, except in the Bavarian CD and AOK NORDWEST databases, ranging from 23.2 to 64.6% (CPRD and Mondriaan databases, respectively). Combined primary non-adherence for examined DOACs was 11.1% in BIFAP and 14.0% in SIDIAP. There were differences in population coverage and in the type of drug data source among the databases.Conclusion: Despite the differences in the characteristics of the databases and in demographic and baseline characteristics of the included population that could explain some of the observed discrepancies, we can observe a similar pattern throughout the databases. Apixaban was the DOAC with the highest persistence. Dabigatran had the highest proportion of discontinuers and switchers at 12 months in most databases (EMA/2015/27/PH).